EP2514664A1 - Passenger ship in which the superstructure is provided with at least one arch - Google Patents

Passenger ship in which the superstructure is provided with at least one arch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2514664A1
EP2514664A1 EP20120162949 EP12162949A EP2514664A1 EP 2514664 A1 EP2514664 A1 EP 2514664A1 EP 20120162949 EP20120162949 EP 20120162949 EP 12162949 A EP12162949 A EP 12162949A EP 2514664 A1 EP2514664 A1 EP 2514664A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arch
ship
superstructure
ship according
main structure
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP20120162949
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2514664B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Charles Seigneurie
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STX France SA
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STX France SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/54—Ferries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B2035/004—Passenger vessels, e.g. cruise vessels or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2231/00—Material used for some parts or elements, or for particular purposes
    • B63B2231/02—Metallic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B63B3/70—Reinforcements for carrying localised loads, e.g. propulsion plant, guns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a passenger ship, such as a liner or a ferry, for example.
  • Such a ship comprises a main structure delimited by a hull and its upper deck (or freeboard deck), above which there is at least one superstructure consisting in particular of an assembly of bridges and longitudinal and transverse partitions.
  • the superstructures of these ships are subject to the forces generated by the deformation of the ship during its passage over the swell, efforts which translate into a parabolic moment of flexion and a shearing force.
  • these internal partitions especially those oriented in the longitudinal direction of the ship, and these lined, the number of which is high, complexify the structure of the ships. This is not only a complexification of the superstructure itself, but also of the main structure to ensure structural continuity, increasing the overall weight of the superstructure and / or not possible to obtain a good natural light of the cabins and other parts of life of the passengers.
  • the present invention aims to solve these problems.
  • the present invention relates to a passenger ship, such as a liner, which comprises a main structure delimited by a hull and its upper deck (or freeboard deck), above which stands at least one superstructure , characterized in that it comprises at least one arch which is generally raised from the rear towards the front, and which extends at least partly above the main structure, its opposite ends being integral with this main structure, so that the arch takes at least part of the efforts related to its deformation.
  • a passenger ship such as a liner, which comprises a main structure delimited by a hull and its upper deck (or freeboard deck), above which stands at least one superstructure , characterized in that it comprises at least one arch which is generally raised from the rear towards the front, and which extends at least partly above the main structure, its opposite ends being integral with this main structure, so that the arch takes at least part of the efforts related to its deformation.
  • said arch originates on the side of the stern and extends towards the bow.
  • the arch aims at limiting the deformation of the ship when it is on the swell (in this case, the arch is in tension when the middle of the ship is on a crest of swell, and in compression when the two ends of the ship are on a ridge of swell). This makes it possible to limit the deflection of the ship, which is an essential criterion in the classification of ships.
  • the superstructure consists in particular of an assembly of bridges and structural transverse partitions
  • at least a portion of the decks of the superstructure is fixed to this arch.
  • the passenger ship which is shown in the figures and which consists of a liner 1 has a structure generally known per se.
  • main structure 2 which is delimited by a shell 20 and its upper bridge 21.
  • Such a main structure contains all the known equipment that classically equips a boat, this main structure being subdivided into different compartments which are delimited by bridges and vertical bulkheads, in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the ship.
  • longitudinal and transverse are defined with reference to the longitudinal axis of the ship referenced X-X ', this axis corresponding to the direction of movement of said vessel.
  • a superstructure 3 which is constituted, as is also known, an assembly of bridges 30, transverse structural partitions 31 and spars.
  • this vessel has the particularity of having at least one arch 4 which is erected vertically and parallel to the longitudinal axis X-X '.
  • these arches are two in number and are arranged symmetrically on either side of the median axis X-X '. They extend in the vicinity, that is to say in the immediate vicinity of the shell plating 20.
  • the number of arches and / or their arrangement could be different.
  • the ship in the case where the ship is provided with a single arch, it extends in the median position, that is to say along the axis X-X '.
  • Said arch extends at least partly above the main structure 2 of the ship and its opposite ends 41 are integral with the main structure 2. The latter do not necessarily reach the stern and the bow of the ship.
  • the partitions 31 in this case the transverse structural partitions mentioned above of the superstructure 3 is fixed to this arch, as shown partially in FIG. figure 2 .
  • This arrangement is similar in some way to the structure of a bridge "earth" arch intermediate deck, the deck in question being constituted here by each bridge of the superstructure.
  • the arch 4 shown has a continuity solution that is to say an interruption in its middle part, so that here it consists of two curved branches 42 distant and in the extension of one another.
  • the arches In order for this structure to be fully effective, it is necessary that the arches have the largest possible longitudinal extent. Preferably, therefore, the distance separating the opposite ends 41 of this arch is substantially equal to the length of the ship.
  • arch 4 is preferably metallic.
  • elements or modules 5 in the form of lattices, as represented in FIG. figure 4 , assembled to each other by any known means.
  • These lattice elements have a generally parallelepipedal shape but with slightly curved walls and are formed of an assembly of metal tubes 50 welded to each other.
  • the corresponding elements 6 will preferably have a longitudinal recess 60 in order to lighten the structure.
  • each arch 4 is associated with a pair of pillars 5. These pillars are arranged, slightly at an angle, towards the associated ends of the ship.
  • these pillars have a function of struts.
  • the arches do not extend vertically but are arranged so inclined and preferentially bear on the "casing" 6, that is to say the metal structure which extends above the upper deck 21 and which provides the junction between the propulsion means and the chimneys 60 of rejection of smoke, or any other hopper structure that would offer a beneficial prop to the arch structure.
  • the ship has a very wide stern in front of the bow.
  • the arches extend not parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ship, but form an acute angle between them.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

The ship e.g. passenger liner (1), has a main structure (2) bounded by a hull (20) and an upper deck (21) above which a superstructure (3) is raised. An arch (4) is extended partly above the main structure, where opposite ends (41) of the arch are firmly joined to the main structure such that the arch carries a part of loads related to deformation. The arch is arranged vertically and parallel to a longitudinal axis (X-X') of the ship. The arch is made of material selected from metal, composite material, carbon fibers or combination of different materials.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un navire à passagers, tel qu'un paquebot ou un ferry, par exemple.The present invention relates to a passenger ship, such as a liner or a ferry, for example.

Un tel navire comprend une structure principale délimitée par une coque et son pont supérieur (ou pont de franc-bord), au-dessus duquel s'élève au moins une superstructure constituée notamment d'un assemblage de ponts et de cloisons longitudinales et transversales.Such a ship comprises a main structure delimited by a hull and its upper deck (or freeboard deck), above which there is at least one superstructure consisting in particular of an assembly of bridges and longitudinal and transverse partitions.

Les superstructures de ces navires sont soumises aux efforts engendrés par la déformation du navire lors de son passage sur la houle, efforts qui se traduisent par un moment de flexion de forme parabolique, et par un effort tranchant.The superstructures of these ships are subject to the forces generated by the deformation of the ship during its passage over the swell, efforts which translate into a parabolic moment of flexion and a shearing force.

Sur les navires de grandes dimensions de type paquebot ou ferry, le mode de construction de ces superstructures implique que lesdites superstructures participent à la résistance d'ensemble du navire. Elles sont par conséquent prises en compte pour le calcul de résistance de la "poutre navire", c'est-à-dire le schéma de poutre représentant l'ensemble des efforts subis par la structure d'un navire.On large ships such as liner or ferry, the method of construction of these superstructures implies that said superstructures participate in the overall resistance of the ship. They are therefore taken into account for the calculation of resistance of the "ship beam", that is to say the beam pattern representing all the stresses experienced by the structure of a ship.

Or, ces superstructures sont actuellement composées de ponts liés entre eux par des cloisons intérieures et/ou des cloisons d'entourage appelées "bordés", ainsi que par des épontilles.However, these superstructures are currently composed of bridges interconnected by internal partitions and / or surrounding walls called "lined" and by spurs.

Selon le mode de construction choisi, ces cloisons intérieures, notamment celles orientées dans le sens longitudinal du navire, et ces bordés, dont le nombre est élevé, complexifient la structure des navires. Il s'agit non seulement d'une complexification de la superstructure elle-même, mais également de la structure principale visant à assurer une continuité structurelle, augmentant par ailleurs le poids d'ensemble de la superstructure et/ou ne permettant pas d'obtenir une bonne luminosité naturelle des cabines et autres pièces de vie des passagers.Depending on the method of construction chosen, these internal partitions, especially those oriented in the longitudinal direction of the ship, and these lined, the number of which is high, complexify the structure of the ships. This is not only a complexification of the superstructure itself, but also of the main structure to ensure structural continuity, increasing the overall weight of the superstructure and / or not possible to obtain a good natural light of the cabins and other parts of life of the passengers.

En particulier dans les parties intérieures de la superstructure de ces navires, certains locaux sont "aveugles", dans le sens où ils ne bénéficient aucunement de la lumière extérieure.Especially in the inner parts of the superstructure of these ships, some premises are "blind", in the sense that they do not benefit from the outside light.

La présente invention vise à résoudre ces problèmes.The present invention aims to solve these problems.

En d'autres termes, elle a pour but de proposer un navire dont la structure d'ensemble est aussi résistante que celle des navires connus à ce jour, reprenant l'ensemble des efforts, mais permettant de supprimer une partie des ponts, des cloisons intérieures et/ou des bordés des superstructures de manière notamment à :

  • simplifier la structure du navire et ainsi diminuer son coût de construction ;
  • alléger le poids des superstructures et ainsi diminuer la consommation d'énergie du navire nécessaire à sa propulsion et à le rendre plus stable en abaissant son centre de gravité ;
  • faciliter l'agencement des locaux à l'aide de cloisons non structurelles ;
  • améliorer la luminosité des locaux.
In other words, it aims to propose a ship whose overall structure is as resistant as that of the ships known to date, taking all efforts, but allowing to remove a part of the bridges, bulkheads interior and / or planks of the superstructures so as to include:
  • simplify the ship's structure and thus reduce the cost of construction;
  • to lighten the weight of the superstructures and thus reduce the energy consumption of the vessel necessary for its propulsion and to make it more stable by lowering its center of gravity;
  • facilitate the layout of rooms using non-structural partitions;
  • improve the brightness of the premises.

Ainsi, la présente invention concerne un navire à passagers, tel qu'un paquebot, qui comprend une structure principale délimitée par une coque et son pont supérieur (ou pont de franc-bord), au-dessus duquel s'élève au moins une superstructure, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte au moins une arche qui se dresse généralement de l'arrière vers l'avant, et qui s'étend au moins en partie au-dessus de la structure principale, ses extrémités opposées étant solidaires de cette structure principale, de sorte que l'arche reprend au moins en partie les efforts liés à sa déformation.Thus, the present invention relates to a passenger ship, such as a liner, which comprises a main structure delimited by a hull and its upper deck (or freeboard deck), above which stands at least one superstructure , characterized in that it comprises at least one arch which is generally raised from the rear towards the front, and which extends at least partly above the main structure, its opposite ends being integral with this main structure, so that the arch takes at least part of the efforts related to its deformation.

Autrement dit, ladite arche prend naissance du côté de la poupe et s'étend en direction de la proue.In other words, said arch originates on the side of the stern and extends towards the bow.

Ainsi, l'arche vise à limiter la déformation du navire lorsque celui-ci est sur la houle (dans ce cas, l'arche est en traction lorsque le milieu du navire est sur une crête de houle, et en compression lorsque les deux extrémités du navire sont sur une crête de houle). Ceci permet ainsi de limiter la flèche du navire, ce qui constitue un critère essentiel dans la classification des navires.Thus, the arch aims at limiting the deformation of the ship when it is on the swell (in this case, the arch is in tension when the middle of the ship is on a crest of swell, and in compression when the two ends of the ship are on a ridge of swell). This makes it possible to limit the deflection of the ship, which is an essential criterion in the classification of ships.

Préférentiellement, quand la superstructure est constituée notamment d'un assemblage de ponts et de cloisons transversales structurelles, au moins une partie des ponts de la superstructure est fixée à cette arche.Preferably, when the superstructure consists in particular of an assembly of bridges and structural transverse partitions, at least a portion of the decks of the superstructure is fixed to this arch.

L'arche reprend alors également une grande partie des efforts auxquels la superstructure du navire est soumise.The arch then also takes up a large part of the efforts to which the superstructure of the ship is subjected.

Il est ainsi possible, lors de la construction des superstructures, de supprimer certaines cloisons longitudinales structurelles et/ou des bordés qui sont normalement nécessaires pour éviter ou limiter le glissement des ponts entre eux et participant ainsi à la résistance d'ensemble d'un navire selon l'état de la technique, notamment pour la résistance aux contraintes de cisaillement ainsi générées.It is thus possible, during the construction of the superstructures, to remove certain longitudinal structural partitions and / or planks which are normally necessary to prevent or limit the sliding of the bridges between them and thus participating in the overall strength of a ship according to the state of the art, in particular for the resistance to shear stresses thus generated.

Cela permet donc, comme déjà indiqué plus haut :

  • de simplifier la structure des navires et ainsi diminuer leur coût de construction ;
  • d'alléger le poids des superstructures et ainsi diminuer la consommation d'énergie du navire nécessaire à sa propulsion, et à le rendre plus stable en abaissant son centre de gravité ;
  • de faciliter l'agencement des locaux à l'aide de cloison non structurelle et d'obtenir des locaux de plus grandes dimensions ;
  • d'améliorer la luminosité à l'intérieur du navire.
This allows, as already indicated above:
  • to simplify the structure of ships and thus reduce their cost of construction;
  • to lighten the weight of the superstructures and thus reduce the energy consumption of the vessel necessary for its propulsion, and to make it more stable by lowering its center of gravity;
  • to facilitate the layout of the premises by means of non-structural partition and to obtain larger premises;
  • to improve the brightness inside the ship.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses :

  • ladite arche se dresse verticalement et parallèlement à son axe longitudinal (X-X') ;
  • ladite arche présente une solution de continuité c'est à dire une interruption dans sa zone médiane, de sorte qu'elle est constituée de deux branches courbes, distantes l'une de l'autre ;
  • le navire comporte deux arches disposées symétriquement ou non de part et d'autre de son axe médian longitudinal ;
  • lesdites arches s'étendent à proximité immédiate des bordés de la coque ;
  • la distance qui sépare les extrémités opposées de ladite arche est sensiblement égale à la longueur dudit navire ;
  • ladite arche est soutenue par des épontilles ou tout moyen équivalent structurel, qui autorise, comme l'épontille, l'agencement de grandes ouvertures en abord des superstructures, de manière à apporter de la luminosité naturelle à l'intérieur du navire ;
  • ladite arche est constituée d'un assemblage de caissons, préférentiellement creux ;
  • ladite arche est constituée d'un treillis ;
  • ladite arche est métallique, en matériau composite, par exemple à base de fibres de carbone ou en une combinaison de matériaux différents ;
  • au moins une partie des cloisons transversales structurelles est fixée à ladite arche ;
  • ladite arche est associé au moins un pilier dont l'extrémité supérieure est fixée à ladite arche, tandis que sa base est solidaire de ladite structure principale.
According to other advantageous characteristics:
  • said arch stands vertically and parallel to its longitudinal axis (X-X ');
  • said arch has a continuity solution that is to say an interruption in its central zone, so that it consists of two curved branches, distant from each other;
  • the ship has two arches arranged symmetrically or not on either side of its longitudinal median axis;
  • said arches extend in the immediate vicinity of the shell plating;
  • the distance separating the opposite ends of said arch is substantially equal to the length of said vessel;
  • said arch is supported by spurs or any equivalent structural means, which allows, like the spurs, the arrangement of large openings at the superstructure front, so as to bring natural light inside the ship;
  • said arch consists of an assembly of boxes, preferably hollow;
  • said arch is made of a lattice;
  • said arch is metallic, made of a composite material, for example based on carbon fibers or in a combination of different materials;
  • at least a portion of the structural transverse bulkheads is attached to said arch;
  • said arch is associated with at least one pillar whose upper end is fixed to said arch, while its base is integral with said main structure.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description détaillée de certains modes de réalisation préférentiels.Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the detailed description of certain preferred embodiments.

Cette description sera faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'un navire conforme à l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de côté du navire de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de côté également d'une variante de réalisation de ce navire ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'un élément constitutif d'une arche qui équipe le navire précité ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue également en perspective, d'une variante d'un tel élément ;
  • les figures 6 et 7 sont des vues équivalentes aux figures 1 et 2 d'un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • les figures 8 et 9 sont des vues très simplifiées, respectivement de face et de dessus, de deux autre modes de réalisation d'un navire selon l'invention.
This description will be made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a ship according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a side view of the ship from the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a side view also of an alternative embodiment of this vessel;
  • the figure 4 is a perspective view of a constituent element of an arch that equips the aforementioned ship;
  • the figure 5 is a view also in perspective, of a variant of such an element;
  • the Figures 6 and 7 are views equivalent to Figures 1 and 2 another embodiment of the invention;
  • the Figures 8 and 9 are very simplified views, respectively front and top, of two other embodiments of a ship according to the invention.

Le navire à passagers qui est représenté sur les figures et qui consiste en un paquebot 1 a une structure généralement connue en soi.The passenger ship which is shown in the figures and which consists of a liner 1 has a structure generally known per se.

Il comporte à cet effet une structure principale 2 qui est délimitée par une coque 20 et son pont supérieur 21.It comprises for this purpose a main structure 2 which is delimited by a shell 20 and its upper bridge 21.

Une telle structure principale renferme tous les équipements connus qui équipent classiquement un bateau, cette structure principale étant subdivisée en différents compartiments qui sont délimités par des ponts et des cloisons verticales, dans les directions longitudinale et transversale du navire.Such a main structure contains all the known equipment that classically equips a boat, this main structure being subdivided into different compartments which are delimited by bridges and vertical bulkheads, in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the ship.

Les termes "longitudinal "et "transversal" sont définis en référence à l'axe longitudinal du navire référencé X-X', cet axe correspondant à la direction de déplacement dudit navire.The terms "longitudinal" and "transverse" are defined with reference to the longitudinal axis of the ship referenced X-X ', this axis corresponding to the direction of movement of said vessel.

Au-dessus de la structure principale 2 s'élève une superstructure 3 qui est constituée, ainsi que cela est également connu, d'un assemblage de ponts 30, de cloisons structurelles transversales 31 et d'épontilles.Above the main structure 2 is a superstructure 3 which is constituted, as is also known, an assembly of bridges 30, transverse structural partitions 31 and spars.

Il s'agit de ponts et de cloisons métalliques, pré-assemblés les uns aux autres, qui reçoivent ultérieurement tous les équipements de fonctionnement et d'habitation nécessaires à l'usage du navire.These are bridges and metal partitions, pre-assembled to each other, which subsequently receive all the operating and living equipment necessary for the use of the ship.

Conformément à l'invention, ce navire présente la particularité de comporter au moins une arche 4 qui est dressée verticalement et parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal X-X'.According to the invention, this vessel has the particularity of having at least one arch 4 which is erected vertically and parallel to the longitudinal axis X-X '.

Dans le cas présenté ici, ces arches (ou arcs) sont au nombre de deux et sont disposées symétriquement de part et d'autre de l'axe médian X-X'. Elles s'étendent au voisinage, c'est-à-dire à proximité immédiate des bordés de la coque 20.In the case presented here, these arches (or arches) are two in number and are arranged symmetrically on either side of the median axis X-X '. They extend in the vicinity, that is to say in the immediate vicinity of the shell plating 20.

Dans un mode de réalisation différent et non représenté, le nombre d'arches et/ou leur disposition pourrait être autre. Ainsi, dans le cas où le navire est pourvu d'une seule arche, celle-ci s'étend en position médiane, c'est-à-dire selon l'axe X-X'.In a different embodiment and not shown, the number of arches and / or their arrangement could be different. Thus, in the case where the ship is provided with a single arch, it extends in the median position, that is to say along the axis X-X '.

Ladite arche s'étend au moins en partie au-dessus de la structure principale 2 du navire et ses extrémités opposées 41 sont solidaires de cette structure principale 2. Ces dernières n'atteignent pas forcément la poupe et la proue du navire.Said arch extends at least partly above the main structure 2 of the ship and its opposite ends 41 are integral with the main structure 2. The latter do not necessarily reach the stern and the bow of the ship.

Conformément à l'invention, au moins une partie des ponts 30 précités de la superstructure 3 est fixée à cette arche, comme représenté partiellement à la figure 2.According to the invention, at least a portion of the aforementioned bridges 30 of the superstructure 3 is fixed to this arch, as partially shown in FIG. figure 2 .

Avantageusement, au moins une partie des cloisons 31 (en l'occurrence les cloisons structurelles transversales) précitées de la superstructure 3 est fixée à cette arche, comme représenté partiellement à la figure 2.Advantageously, at least a portion of the partitions 31 (in this case the transverse structural partitions) mentioned above of the superstructure 3 is fixed to this arch, as shown partially in FIG. figure 2 .

Cet agencement s'apparente en quelque sorte à la structure d'un pont "terrestre" en arc à tablier intermédiaire, le tablier en question étant constitué ici par chacun des ponts de la superstructure.This arrangement is similar in some way to the structure of a bridge "earth" arch intermediate deck, the deck in question being constituted here by each bridge of the superstructure.

Grâce à cet agencement, les efforts générés par les ponts et cloisons de la superstructure, lors du passage sur la houle du navire ou dû à son roulis, sont repris par les arches 4 et se répartissent aux extrémités opposées 41 de celles-ci.Thanks to this arrangement, the forces generated by the decks and bulkheads of the superstructure, when passing over the swell of the ship or due to its roll, are taken up by the arches 4 and are distributed at the opposite ends 41 thereof.

Bien entendu, ces extrémités 41 devront être solidarisées de manière efficace à la structure principale, c'est-à-dire rigidement, leurs dimensions et leur forme permettant de transmettre lesdits efforts à la structure principale.Of course, these ends 41 must be effectively secured to the main structure, that is to say rigidly, their dimensions and shape to transmit said efforts to the main structure.

Ainsi, quand l'arche est constituée d'un matériau métallique, alors ces extrémités 41 seront fixées à la structure principale 2, par mécano-soudage par exemple.Thus, when the arch is made of a metallic material, then these ends 41 will be fixed to the main structure 2, by mechanical welding for example.

En référence à la figure 3, on a représenté une variante de réalisation du navire selon l'invention dans laquelle l'arche 4 représentée présente une solution de continuité c'est-à-dire une interruption dans sa partie médiane, de sorte qu'elle est ici constituée de deux branches courbes 42 distantes et dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre.With reference to the figure 3 , there is shown an alternative embodiment of the ship according to the invention in which the arch 4 shown has a continuity solution that is to say an interruption in its middle part, so that here it consists of two curved branches 42 distant and in the extension of one another.

En effet, la partie supérieure de l'arche est soumise à très peu d'efforts de sorte qu'il est possible de s'en dispenser.Indeed, the upper part of the arch is subjected to very little effort so that it is possible to dispense with it.

Afin que cette structure soit pleinement efficace, il est nécessaire que les arches aient une étendue longitudinale la plus grande possible. De préférence donc, la distance qui sépare les extrémités opposées 41 de cette arche est sensiblement égale à la longueur du navire.In order for this structure to be fully effective, it is necessary that the arches have the largest possible longitudinal extent. Preferably, therefore, the distance separating the opposite ends 41 of this arch is substantially equal to the length of the ship.

En l'absence de bordés, il est également nécessaire que les arches soient soutenues par des épontilles ou tout moyen équivalent structurel, permettant l'agencement de grandes ouvertures dans cette région (habituellement occupée par les bordés) des superstructures, de manière à apporter la luminosité naturelle à l'intérieur du navire.In the absence of plating, it is also necessary that the arches are supported by spurs or any equivalent structural means, allowing the arrangement of large openings in this region (usually occupied by the planks) superstructures, so as to bring the natural brightness inside the ship.

Comme indiqué plus haut, l'arche 4 est préférentiellement métallique.As indicated above, arch 4 is preferably metallic.

Dans un tel cas, on préférera utiliser, pour la constituer, des éléments ou modules 5 en forme de treillis, tels que représentés à la figure 4, assemblés les uns aux autres par tout moyen connu.In such a case, it will be preferable to use, to constitute it, elements or modules 5 in the form of lattices, as represented in FIG. figure 4 , assembled to each other by any known means.

Ces éléments de treillis ont une forme généralement parallélépipédique mais à parois légèrement courbées et sont formés d'un assemblage de tubes métalliques 50 soudés les uns aux autres.These lattice elements have a generally parallelepipedal shape but with slightly curved walls and are formed of an assembly of metal tubes 50 welded to each other.

On peut bien entendu revêtir leurs différentes faces d'un revêtement.We can of course coat their different faces with a coating.

On peut bien entendu utiliser d'autres types de matériau que le métal.It is of course possible to use other types of material than metal.

On pense notamment à tout type de matériau composite, notamment à base de fibres de carbone.One thinks in particular of any type of composite material, in particular based on carbon fibers.

Dans un tel cas, et comme représenté à la figure 5, les éléments 6 correspondants présenteront préférentiellement un évidement 60 longitudinal afin d'en alléger la structure.In such a case, and as represented in figure 5 , the corresponding elements 6 will preferably have a longitudinal recess 60 in order to lighten the structure.

Grâce à la présence de ces arches qui reprennent les efforts générés par la structure même du navire, il est possible, notamment lors de la construction de la superstructure 3, de supprimer tout ou partie des ponts, cloisons longitudinales structurelles et /ou des bordés qui sont notamment nécessaires à la résistance d'ensemble du navire.Thanks to the presence of these arches which take up the forces generated by the very structure of the ship, it is possible, especially during the construction of the superstructure 3, to remove all or part of the bridges, longitudinal structural partitions and / or planks which are particularly necessary for the overall resistance of the ship.

En supprimant tout ou partie des cloisons longitudinales et/ou des bordés, on peut ainsi obtenir des locaux de plus grandes dimensions et/ou, dans certains cas, améliorer la luminosité à l'intérieur du navire.By removing all or part of the longitudinal partitions and / or planks, it is possible to obtain larger premises and / or, in some cases, improve the brightness inside the ship.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 6 et 7, on a affaire à une structure de navire sensiblement identique à celle décrite précédemment.In the embodiment shown in Figures 6 and 7 , we are dealing with a ship structure substantially identical to that described above.

Toutefois, afin de renforcer la structure et éviter toute déformation indésirable, chaque arche 4 est associée à une paire de piliers 5. Ces piliers sont disposés, légèrement en biais, en direction des extrémités associées du navire.However, to strengthen the structure and avoid undesirable deformation, each arch 4 is associated with a pair of pillars 5. These pillars are arranged, slightly at an angle, towards the associated ends of the ship.

Ils sont fixés à leur extrémité supérieure à l'arche 4 associée et à leur base à la structure principale 2.They are fixed at their upper end to the associated arch 4 and their base to the main structure 2.

Leur fonction est d'éviter toute déformation des arches et de reprendre une partie des efforts supportés par ces dernières.Their function is to avoid any deformation of the arches and to take back part of the efforts supported by them.

En quelque sorte, ces piliers ont une fonction d'étais.In a way, these pillars have a function of struts.

Dans un mode de réalisation simplifié de la figure 8, les arches ne s'étendent pas verticalement mais sont disposées de manière inclinée et prennent préférentiellement appui sur le "casing" 6, c'est-à-dire la structure métallique qui s'étend au-dessus du pont supérieur 21 et qui assure la jonction entre les moyens de propulsion et les cheminées 60 de rejet de fumée, ou toute autre structure de trémie qui offrirait un appui vertical avantageux à la structure d'arche.In a simplified embodiment of the figure 8 , the arches do not extend vertically but are arranged so inclined and preferentially bear on the "casing" 6, that is to say the metal structure which extends above the upper deck 21 and which provides the junction between the propulsion means and the chimneys 60 of rejection of smoke, or any other hopper structure that would offer a beneficial prop to the arch structure.

Enfin, dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 9, le navire présente une poupe très large au regard de la proue. Dans ce cas de figure, on peut envisager que les arches s'étendent non pas parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal du navire, mais forment entre elles un angle aigu.Finally, in the embodiment of the figure 9 , the ship has a very wide stern in front of the bow. In this case, it can be envisaged that the arches extend not parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ship, but form an acute angle between them.

Claims (13)

Navire à passagers, tel qu'un paquebot (1), qui comprend une structure principale (2) délimitée par une coque (20) et son pont supérieur (ou pont de franc-bord) (21), au-dessus duquel s'élève au moins une superstructure (3) caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte au moins une arche (4) qui se dresse généralement de l'arrière vers l'avant, et qui s'étend au moins en partie au dessus de la structure principale (2), ses extrémités opposées (41) étant solidaires de cette structure principale (2), de sorte que ladite arche (4) reprend au moins en partie les efforts liés à sa déformation.Passenger ship, such as a liner (1), which comprises a main structure (2) delimited by a hull (20) and its upper deck (or freeboard deck) (21), above which raises at least one superstructure (3) characterized in that it comprises at least one arch (4) which is generally from the rear to the front and which extends at least partly above the structure main (2), its opposite ends (41) being integral with this main structure (2), so that said arch (4) takes at least partly the efforts related to its deformation. Navire selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ladite arche (4) se dresse verticalement et parallèlement à son axe longitudinal (X-X').Vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that said arch (4) stands vertically and parallel to its longitudinal axis (X-X '). Navire selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dont la superstructure (3) est constituée notamment d'un assemblage de ponts (30) et de cloisons transversales structurelles (31), caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins une partie desdits ponts (30) de ladite superstructure (3) est fixée à ladite arche (4).Vessel according to claim 1 or 2, the superstructure (3) of which comprises, in particular, an assembly of bridges (30) and transverse structural partitions (31), characterized in that at least part of said bridges (30) said superstructure (3) is attached to said arch (4). Navire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que ladite arche (4) présente une solution de continuité c'est-à-dire une interruption dans sa zone médiane, de sorte qu'elle est constituée de deux branches courbes (42), distantes l'une de l'autre.Ship according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said arch (4) has a solution of continuity that is to say an interruption in its central zone, so that it consists of two branches curves (42), distant from each other. Navire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte deux arches (4) disposées symétriquement ou non de part et d'autre de son axe médian longitudinal (X-X').Ship according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises two arches (4) arranged symmetrically or not on either side of its longitudinal median axis (X-X '). Navire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que lesdites arches (4) s'étendent à proximité immédiate des bordés de la coque (20).Vessel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said arches (4) extend in the immediate vicinity of the plating of the hull (20). Navire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la distance qui sépare les extrémités opposées (41) de ladite (4) arche est sensiblement égale à la longueur dudit navire.Vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance separating the opposite ends (41) of said (4) arch is substantially equal to the length of said vessel. Navire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que ladite arche (4) est soutenue par des épontilles ou tout moyen équivalent structurel, qui autorise, comme l'épontille, l'agencement de grandes ouvertures en abord des superstructures, de manière à apporter de la luminosité naturelle à l'intérieur du navire.Ship according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said arch (4) is supported by spurs or any equivalent structural means, which allows, as the spur, the arrangement of large openings at the superstructure front, so as to bring natural luminosity to the interior of the ship. Navire selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que ladite arche (4) est constituée d'un assemblage de caissons (6), préférentiellement creux.Ship according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said arch (4) consists of an assembly of boxes (6), preferably hollow. Navire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que ladite arche (4) est constituée d'un treillis (5).Ship according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said arch (4) consists of a lattice (5). Navire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que ladite arche est métallique, en matériau composite, par exemple à base de fibres de carbone ou en une combinaison de matériaux différents.Ship according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said arch is metallic, made of a composite material, for example based on carbon fibers or in a combination of different materials. Navire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins une partie des cloisons transversales structurelles (31) est fixée à ladite arche (4).Vessel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part of the transverse structural partitions (31) is fixed to said arch (4). Navire selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait qu'à ladite arche (4) est associé au moins un pilier (5) dont l'extrémité supérieure est fixée à ladite arche, tandis que sa base est solidaire de ladite structure principale (2).Ship according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at said arch (4) is associated at least one pillar (5) whose upper end is fixed to said arch, while its base is integral with said structure principal (2).
EP12162949.7A 2011-04-22 2012-04-03 Passenger ship in which the superstructure is provided with at least one arch Not-in-force EP2514664B1 (en)

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FR1153502A FR2974346B1 (en) 2011-04-22 2011-04-22 PASSENGER SHIP WITH SUPERSTRUCTURE EQUIPPED WITH AT LEAST ONE ARK

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EP (1) EP2514664B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5932446B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101905623B1 (en)
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FR3087746A1 (en) * 2018-10-24 2020-05-01 Ocea Vessel comprising longitudinal reinforcement arches

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FR3087746A1 (en) * 2018-10-24 2020-05-01 Ocea Vessel comprising longitudinal reinforcement arches

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AU2012201927A1 (en) 2012-11-08
AU2012201927B2 (en) 2015-02-05
FR2974346A1 (en) 2012-10-26
FR2974346B1 (en) 2013-05-24
EP2514664B1 (en) 2016-03-30
US20120266804A1 (en) 2012-10-25
US8939101B2 (en) 2015-01-27
KR101905623B1 (en) 2018-11-30
JP2012229012A (en) 2012-11-22
CN102745306B (en) 2015-09-23
JP5932446B2 (en) 2016-06-08
CN102745306A (en) 2012-10-24

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