EP2511526A1 - Reciprocating piston compressor with transport volume control - Google Patents

Reciprocating piston compressor with transport volume control Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2511526A1
EP2511526A1 EP12163073A EP12163073A EP2511526A1 EP 2511526 A1 EP2511526 A1 EP 2511526A1 EP 12163073 A EP12163073 A EP 12163073A EP 12163073 A EP12163073 A EP 12163073A EP 2511526 A1 EP2511526 A1 EP 2511526A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
suction valve
reciprocating compressor
magnetic actuator
compressor according
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Granted
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EP12163073A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2511526B1 (en
Inventor
Bernhard Spiegl
Tino Lindner-Silwester
Peter Dolovai
Christian Kernbichler
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Hoerbiger Wien GmbH
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Hoerbiger Kompressortechnik Holding GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/08—Actuation of distribution members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
    • F04B39/1053—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members the members being Hoerbigen valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B7/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving
    • F04B7/0076—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving the members being actuated by electro-magnetic means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reciprocating compressor with flow control, arranged with an at least one of the automatic suction valves, electromagnetically operated in the power stroke Abhebegreifer for periodically controlled keeping open the corresponding suction valve over a certain crank angle range.
  • off EP 694 693 A1 a toiletströmregelung for reciprocating compressor known, in which a hydraulic control cylinder which is periodically acted upon by a control member in the stroke with pressure medium and can be relieved, acts in the stroke direction on the closing member of the suction valve to be kept open.
  • the hydraulically applied lifting force is thus abruptly reduced at a certain crank angle, whereby a safe and rapid closing of the suction valve is initiated.
  • EP 1400692 A1 Similar flow rate controls are also known with pneumatic actuation, which has the advantage that the operating pressure can be derived directly from the reciprocating compressor itself. Because of the relative However, high compressibility of the compressed gas conditions must be met exactly to be defined for the volumes to be vented and ventilation times.
  • the magnet should have a high degree of dynamics in order to be able to open and close quickly, which is rather unattainable by large electromagnets, since the stored energy and the effort required to build up or dissipate electricity are significantly greater for large magnets.
  • thermal expansions and wear can lead to a displacement of the necessary working stroke range of the magnetic actuator.
  • electromagnets have a very limited useful effective range of a few millimeters of lifting height, one would have to in order to apply even with a shift in the working range still correspondingly large actuation forces, also put on correspondingly enlarged magnets, which further reduces the dynamics of actuation. All this was previously contrary to an electromagnetic backflow control of the type mentioned above especially when higher compressor speeds are required and the circumstances of the use do not allow separate cooling in the range of necessarily large magnetic actuators.
  • Object of the present invention is to improve an arrangement of the type mentioned so that the mentioned disadvantages of the related art are avoided and that especially with small electromagnets as an actuator of the operating device of the Abhebegreifers the required high actuation dynamics are provided with low heat loss can.
  • the electromagnetic actuator has a separate actuator, and that the actuator for shifting as needed the Häshub Schemees of the magnetic actuator used relative to its attack on the suction valve in the optimal for the electromagnet used working area.
  • the power losses can be reduced by about 50-70% compared to a simple, larger magnetic actuator, since the shifted amounts of energy are now much lower, which even allows the use of such a flow control without external cooling of the magnetic actuators and thus opens up many new applications of such regulations only where external cooling is not possible or permitted.
  • a separate actuator is already off in electromagnetically actuated compressor valves in itself DE 684 110C known, but there is not used to adjust the working stroke range of the solenoid actuator used, but to change the allowable maximum valve lift, which may occur in the electromagnetic control. Depending on the operating conditions of the compressor so only the maximum possible opening of the valve is adjusted according to this document.
  • the actuator acts on the magnetic actuator, including actuated Abhebegreifer and adjusted if necessary, their common position relative to the suction valve. So that the entire lifting device is adjusted relative to the sealing element of the corresponding suction valve, which allows a simple adjustment of the working stroke of the magnetic actuator relative to its attack on the suction valve.
  • the actuator can also have a Gaznverstelltechnik for a switched between the magnetic actuator and Abhebegreifer transmission rod, which does not need to be adjusted relative to the suction valve the entire lift-off and the adjustment of the working stroke of the magnetic actuator only over an elongation or reduction the transmission rod takes place.
  • the actuator may have in both variants mentioned an electric motor operated threaded spindle, which, as mentioned, only has to work relatively slowly and thus manages with small driving forces.
  • the actuator can according to another embodiment of the invention also indirectly, preferably via levers, oblique ramps or the like, act on the adjustment of the working stroke of the magnetic actuator, which allows simple adaptation to the respective conditions and, for example, further miniaturization or, if necessary, from each other independent adjustments allowed from the start and end point of the stroke.
  • the actuating device of the lift-off gripper has additional spring elements and / or fluid dampers, which, with appropriate matching or design, results in additional relief of the magnetic actuator.
  • the energization of the magnetic actuator can be regulated in a further preferred embodiment of the invention as a function of the currently acting on the suction return flow.
  • the level of remindströmkraft depends on the current piston speed of the compressor, which is known or can be determined, for example, via a crank angle sensor.
  • the energization of the magnetic actuator to generate the necessary hold-open force can thus be adjusted accordingly, which further reduces the total power consumption and thus the heat loss.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section through the range of a suction valve of a reciprocating compressor according to the invention with flow control
  • Fig. 2 an alternative embodiment in the same representation.
  • the actuator 3 has for this purpose as a drive to a magnetic actuator 5, the magnetic coil 6 cooperates with an armature plate 7 which is attached to the upper end of a transmission rod 8.
  • the transmission rod 8 in turn is connected in its lower region with the Abhebergreifer 2 and guided in the longitudinal direction of a symbolically illustrated guide 9.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 3 further has a separate actuator 10, which acts here for example via an electric motor-operated threaded spindle drive 11 and a displaceable oblique ramp 12 to the effective length of the switched between the magnetic actuator 5 and Abhebegreifer 2 transmission rod 8.
  • a separate actuator 10 acts here for example via an electric motor-operated threaded spindle drive 11 and a displaceable oblique ramp 12 to the effective length of the switched between the magnetic actuator 5 and Abhebegreifer 2 transmission rod 8.
  • an upper stop 13 is shown for example via a spring, not shown here or the like when not activated actuator 3 fixed retracted position of the Abhebegreifers 2, and a spring element 14 and a fluid damper 15, which are also used independently can and with appropriate design and vote allow relief of the electromagnetic actuator 3.

Abstract

The reciprocating compressor has a lifting gripper (2) for periodically controlled open holding of a suction valve (1) over a specific crank angle area, where the lifting gripper is arranged at the automatic suction valve. An electromagnetic actuating unit (3) has a separated actuator (10) that serves for displacing the working stroke area of the used magnetic actuator (5) relative to its attack at the suction valve in the working area optimum for the used electromagnets.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hubkolbenverdichter mit Fördermengenregelung, mit einem an zumindest einem der selbsttätigen Saugventile angeordneten, elektromagnetisch im Arbeitstakt betätigbaren Abhebegreifer zum periodisch gesteuerten Offenhalten des entsprechenden Saugventils über einen bestimmten Kurbelwinkelbereich.The invention relates to a reciprocating compressor with flow control, arranged with an at least one of the automatic suction valves, electromagnetically operated in the power stroke Abhebegreifer for periodically controlled keeping open the corresponding suction valve over a certain crank angle range.

Zur Fördermengenregelung von bevorzugt mit konstanter Drehzahl laufenden Hubkolbenverdichtern wird oft auf die sogenannte Rückströmregelung zurückgegriffen, bei der zumindest ein Saugventil je Zylinder über einen bestimmten Bereich des Verdichtungshubes offengehalten wird. Die Druckkräfte bzw. Strömungskräfte des über das offengehaltene Saugventil rückgeschobenen Gases können das Schließorgan des jeweiligen Saugventils erst nach Überwindung eines gewissen Teiles des Kolbenhubes schließen, da dieses Schließorgan von der anderen Seite her mit einer entsprechend der gewünschten Fördermengenreduzierung eingestellten Gegenkraft beaufschlagt wird. Je größer diese Gegenkraft ist, desto später schließt das jeweilige Saugventil im Verdichtungshub, womit die Fördermenge sinkt. Da bei zu groß eingestellter konstanter Gegenkraft das Saugventil irgendwann überhaupt nicht mehrschließt, muss der Regelbereich bei dieser Art der Verdichterregelung nach unten hin begrenzt werden, um einen zwischenzeitlichen Leerlauf des Verdichters mit allen damit verbundenen Problemen zu vermeiden. Bei diesen Fördermengenregelungen sind Ausführungen bekannt, bei denen die Belastungseinrichtung für das offenzuhaltende Saugventil einfach hydraulisch oder pneumatisch vorgespannt ist, wobei durch Variation des entsprechenden Vorspanndruckes Einfluss auf die Fördermenge genommen werden kann.For flow control of preferably running at constant speed reciprocating compressors is often resorted to the so-called backflow control in which at least one suction valve per cylinder is kept open over a certain range of Verdichtungshubes. The pressure forces or flow forces of the gas pushed back through the open suction valve can close the closing member of the respective suction valve only after overcoming a certain part of the piston stroke, since this closing member is acted upon from the other side with a counter-force set according to the desired flow reduction. The greater this counterforce, the later closes the respective suction valve in the compression stroke, whereby the flow rate decreases. Since the suction valve at some point does not close at all if the constant counteracting force is set too high, the control range in this type of compressor control must be limited downwards in order to avoid an intermediate idling of the compressor with all the associated problems. In these flow rate control arrangements are known in which the loading device for the suction valve to be kept open is simply biased hydraulically or pneumatically, which can be made by varying the corresponding biasing pressure influence on the flow rate.

Weiters ist beispielsweise aus EP 694 693 A1 eine Rückströmregelung für Hubkolbenverdichter bekannt, bei denen ein hydraulischer Steuerzylinder, der über ein Steuerorgan periodisch im Hubtakt mit Druckmedium beaufschlagbar und entlastbar ist, in Hubrichtung auf das Schließorgan des offen zu haltenden Saugventils einwirkt. Die hydraulisch aufgebrachte Abhebekraft wird damit an einem bestimmten Kurbelwinkel schlagartig reduziert, womit ein sicheres und rasches Schließen des Saugventils eingeleitet wird. Beispielsweise aus EP 1400 692 A1 sind ähnliche Fördermengenregelungen auch mit pneumatischer Betätigung bekannt, was den Vorteil hat, dass der Betätigungsdruck unmittelbar vom Hubkolbenverdichter selbst abgeleitet werden kann. Aufgrund der relativ hohen Kompressibilität des komprimierten Gases müssen allerdings genau zu definierende Bedingungen für die zu entlüftenden Volumina und Entlüftungszeiten eingehalten werden.Furthermore, for example, off EP 694 693 A1 a Rückströmregelung for reciprocating compressor known, in which a hydraulic control cylinder which is periodically acted upon by a control member in the stroke with pressure medium and can be relieved, acts in the stroke direction on the closing member of the suction valve to be kept open. The hydraulically applied lifting force is thus abruptly reduced at a certain crank angle, whereby a safe and rapid closing of the suction valve is initiated. For example EP 1400692 A1 Similar flow rate controls are also known with pneumatic actuation, which has the advantage that the operating pressure can be derived directly from the reciprocating compressor itself. Because of the relative However, high compressibility of the compressed gas conditions must be met exactly to be defined for the volumes to be vented and ventilation times.

Bereits sehr lange sind weiters auch Hubkolbenverdichter mit einer elektromagnetisch betriebenen Rückströmregelung der eingangs genannten Art bekannt. So beispielsweise aus der DE 1 251 121 A oder der DE 849 739 B und ähnlichen teilweise bereits auf die 30er Jahre des vorigen Jahrhunderts zurückgehenden Schriften, bei denen ein am Dichtelement des Saugventils angreifender Abhebegreifer über einen Elektromagneten bewegt wird, dessen periodische Erregung beispielsweise durch einen Kollektor erfolgt, der sich synchron mit der Kurbelwelle des Verdichters dreht. Der besondere Verlauf der notwendigen Betätigungskraft zum Offenhalten des Saugventils während des Rückschiebens des Sauggases erfordert eine hohe Kraft vom Magnetaktor, was bei gleichzeitiger Forderung nach geringer Wärmeentwicklung eher große Magneten bedingt. Gleichzeitig soll der Magnet aber eine hohe Dynamik aufweisen, um schnell öffnen und schließen zu können, was von großen Elektromagneten eher nicht zu erfüllen ist, da die gespeicherte Energie und die Aufwände, um Strom aufzubauen oder abzubauen bei großen Magneten deutlich größer sind. Speziell bei Anordnungen der eingangs genannten Art kann es durch Wärmedehnungen und Verschleiß zu einer Verschiebung des notwendigen Arbeitshubbereiches des Magnetaktors kommen. Da Elektromagnete einen sehr eingeschränkten sinnvollen Wirkbereich von wenigen Millimetern Hubhöhe aufweisen, müsste man, um auch bei einer Verschiebung des Arbeitshubbereiches noch entsprechend große Betätigungskräfte aufbringen zu können, ebenfalls auf entsprechend vergrößerte Magnete setzen, was die Betätigungsdynamik weiter herabsetzt. All das stand bisher einer elektromagnetischen Rückströmregelung der eingangs genannten Art speziell dann entgegen, wenn höhere Verdichterdrehzahlen erforderlich sind und die Umstände des Einsatzes separate Kühlungen im Bereich von notwendigerweise großen Magnetaktoren nicht erlauben.For a very long time, reciprocating compressors with an electromagnetically operated back flow regulation of the type mentioned above are also known. For example, from the DE 1 251 121 A or the DE 849 739 B and similar in part dating back to the 30s of the last century writings in which an attacking on the sealing element of the suction valve Abhebegreifer is moved via an electromagnet whose periodic excitation is done for example by a collector which rotates synchronously with the crankshaft of the compressor. The special course of the necessary actuation force to keep open the suction valve during the pushing back of the suction gas requires a high force from the magnetic actuator, which at the same time requires a large amount of magnets while requiring less heat generation. At the same time, however, the magnet should have a high degree of dynamics in order to be able to open and close quickly, which is rather unattainable by large electromagnets, since the stored energy and the effort required to build up or dissipate electricity are significantly greater for large magnets. Especially with arrangements of the type mentioned, thermal expansions and wear can lead to a displacement of the necessary working stroke range of the magnetic actuator. Since electromagnets have a very limited useful effective range of a few millimeters of lifting height, one would have to in order to apply even with a shift in the working range still correspondingly large actuation forces, also put on correspondingly enlarged magnets, which further reduces the dynamics of actuation. All this was previously contrary to an electromagnetic backflow control of the type mentioned above especially when higher compressor speeds are required and the circumstances of the use do not allow separate cooling in the range of necessarily large magnetic actuators.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Anordnung der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, dass die erwähnten Nachteile des diesbezüglichen Standes der Technik vermieden werden und dass insbesonders auch mit kleinen Elektromagneten als Aktor der Betätigungseinrichtung des Abhebegreifers die erforderliche hohe Betätigungsdynamik bei geringer Verlustwärme bereitgestellt werden kann.Object of the present invention is to improve an arrangement of the type mentioned so that the mentioned disadvantages of the related art are avoided and that especially with small electromagnets as an actuator of the operating device of the Abhebegreifers the required high actuation dynamics are provided with low heat loss can.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass die elektromagnetische Betätigungseinrichtung einen separaten Stellantrieb aufweist, und dass der Stellantrieb zur bedarfsweisen Verschiebung des Arbeitshubbereiches des verwendeten Magnetaktors relativ zu seinem Angriff am Saugventil in den für den verwendeten Elektromagneten optimalen Arbeitsbereich dient.This object is achieved according to the present invention in that the electromagnetic actuator has a separate actuator, and that the actuator for shifting as needed the Arbeitsshubbereiches of the magnetic actuator used relative to its attack on the suction valve in the optimal for the electromagnet used working area.

Um den Magnetaktor für die kontrollierte Bewegung des Abhebegreifers über den für die Fördermengenregelung erforderlichen Hubbereich optimal nutzen zu können, wird dieser also mit einem separaten Stellantrieb kombiniert, der vergleichsweise langsam arbeiten kann, da er lediglich dazu dient, den eigentlichen Regelungs-Aktor immer in dem für den Elektromagneten optimalen Arbeitsbereich zu betreiben. Damit wird es nun einfach möglich, allen Anforderungen im Hinblick auf Kraft, Dynamik und Energieaufwand gerecht zu werden und den eigentlichen Magnetaktor der elektromagnetischen Betätigungseinrichtung des Abhebegreifers um zumindest einen Faktor 2 kleiner auszuführen. Dies führt zu einer nahezu doppelt hohen Dynamik der Regelung bei relativ geringer Verlustleistung. Die hohe Dynamik erlaubt in äußerst vorteilhafter Weise eine aktive Kontrolle der Öffnungs- und Schließbewegung der Abhebeeinrichtung während des Hubes des Magnetaktors. Die Verlustleistungen können um etwa 50 - 70 % gegenüber einem einfachen, größer ausgeführten Magnetaktor reduziert werden, da die verschobenen Energiemengen nun deutlich geringer sind, was sogar die Verwendung einer derartigen Fördermengenregelung ohne externe Kühlung der Magnetaktoren erlaubt und somit viele neue Anwendungen derartiger Regelungen erst erschließt, bei denen externe Kühlungen nicht möglich oder nicht zulässig sind.In order to use the magnetic actuator for the controlled movement of Abhebegreifers on the necessary for the flow control stroke range optimally, this is thus combined with a separate actuator that can work comparatively slowly because it only serves to the actual control actuator always in the to operate for the electromagnet optimal working range. Thus, it is now possible to meet all requirements in terms of power, dynamics and energy consumption and to make the actual magnetic actuator of the electromagnetic actuator of the lift-off gripper smaller by at least a factor of 2. This leads to a nearly twice the dynamics of the control with relatively low power loss. The high dynamics allows in an extremely advantageous manner an active control of the opening and closing movement of the lifting device during the stroke of the magnetic actuator. The power losses can be reduced by about 50-70% compared to a simple, larger magnetic actuator, since the shifted amounts of energy are now much lower, which even allows the use of such a flow control without external cooling of the magnetic actuators and thus opens up many new applications of such regulations only where external cooling is not possible or permitted.

Ein separater Stellantrieb ist bei elektromagnetisch betätigten Kompressorventilen an sich bereits aus DE 684 110C bekannt, dient dort aber nicht zur Einstellung des Arbeitshubbereiches des verwendeten Magnetaktors, sondern zur Veränderung des zulässigen größten Ventilhubes, der bei der elektromagnetischen Steuerung vorkommen kann. Abhängig von den Betriebsverhältnissen des Kompressors wird gemäß dieser Schrift also lediglich die maximal mögliche Öffnung des Ventils verstellt.A separate actuator is already off in electromagnetically actuated compressor valves in itself DE 684 110C known, but there is not used to adjust the working stroke range of the solenoid actuator used, but to change the allowable maximum valve lift, which may occur in the electromagnetic control. Depending on the operating conditions of the compressor so only the maximum possible opening of the valve is adjusted according to this document.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wirkt der Stellantrieb auf den Magnetaktor samt davon betätigtem Abhebegreifer ein und verstellt bedarfsweise deren gemeinsame Position relativ zum Saugventil. Damit wird also die gesamte Abhebeeinrichtung relativ zum Dichtelement des entsprechenden Saugventils verstellt, was eine einfache Justierung des Arbeitshubbereiches des Magnetaktors relativ zu seinem Angriff am Saugventil ermöglicht. Nach einer anderen bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der Stellantrieb aber auch eine Längenverstelleinheit für eine zwischen Magnetaktor und Abhebegreifer eingeschaltete Übertragungsstange aufweisen, womit nicht die gesamte Abhebeeinrichtung relativ zum Saugventil verstellt zu werden braucht und die Justierung des Arbeitshubbereiches des Magnetaktors lediglich über eine Längung bzw. Kürzung der Übertragungsstange erfolgt.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the actuator acts on the magnetic actuator, including actuated Abhebegreifer and adjusted if necessary, their common position relative to the suction valve. So that the entire lifting device is adjusted relative to the sealing element of the corresponding suction valve, which allows a simple adjustment of the working stroke of the magnetic actuator relative to its attack on the suction valve. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the actuator can also have a Längenverstelleinheit for a switched between the magnetic actuator and Abhebegreifer transmission rod, which does not need to be adjusted relative to the suction valve the entire lift-off and the adjustment of the working stroke of the magnetic actuator only over an elongation or reduction the transmission rod takes place.

Der Stellantrieb kann bei beiden genannten Varianten einen elektromotorisch betätigbaren Gewindespindel aufweisen, wobei dieser wie erwähnt nur relativ langsam arbeiten muss und damit auch mit kleinen Antriebskräften auskommt.The actuator may have in both variants mentioned an electric motor operated threaded spindle, which, as mentioned, only has to work relatively slowly and thus manages with small driving forces.

Der Stellantrieb kann gemäß einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung auch indirekt, vorzugsweise über Hebel, schiefe Rampen oder dergleichen, auf die Verstellung des Arbeitshubbereiches des Magnetaktors einwirken, was auf einfache Weise konstruktive Anpassungen an die jeweiligen Gegebenheiten ermöglicht und beispielsweise auch weitere Miniaturisierungen oder bedarfsweise auch voneinander unabhängige Verstellungen vom Anfangs- und Endpunkt des Hubes erlaubt.The actuator can according to another embodiment of the invention also indirectly, preferably via levers, oblique ramps or the like, act on the adjustment of the working stroke of the magnetic actuator, which allows simple adaptation to the respective conditions and, for example, further miniaturization or, if necessary, from each other independent adjustments allowed from the start and end point of the stroke.

In besonders bevorzugterweitererAusgestaltung ist vorgesehen, dass die Betätigungseinrichtung des Abhebegreifers zusätzliche Federelemente und-/oder Fluiddämpfer aufweist, was bei entsprechender Abstimmung bzw. Auslegung eine zusätzliche Entlastung des Magnetaktors ergibt.In a particularly preferred further embodiment, it is provided that the actuating device of the lift-off gripper has additional spring elements and / or fluid dampers, which, with appropriate matching or design, results in additional relief of the magnetic actuator.

Die Bestromung des Magnetaktors kann in weiters bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung in Abhängigkeit von der aktuell am Saugventil angreifenden Rückströmkraft geregelt sein. Während des Offenhaltens des Saugventils hängt das Niveau der Rückströmkraft von der aktuellen Kolbengeschwindigkeit des Verdichters ab, die beispielsweise über einen Kurbelwinkelsensor bekannt oder ermittelbar ist. Die Bestromung des Magnetaktors zur Erzeugung der notwendigen Offenhaltekraft kann damit entsprechend angepasst werden, was die gesamte Leistungsaufnahme und damit auch die Verlustwärme weiter reduziert.The energization of the magnetic actuator can be regulated in a further preferred embodiment of the invention as a function of the currently acting on the suction return flow. During the keeping open of the suction valve, the level of Rückströmkraft depends on the current piston speed of the compressor, which is known or can be determined, for example, via a crank angle sensor. The energization of the magnetic actuator to generate the necessary hold-open force can thus be adjusted accordingly, which further reduces the total power consumption and thus the heat loss.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden noch anhand der in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Fig. 1 zeigt dabei einen Schnitt durch den Bereich eines Saugventils eines erfindungsgemäßen Hubkolbenverdichters mit Fördermengenregelung und Fig. 2 eine alternative Ausführung in gleicher Darstellung.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiments schematically illustrated in the drawing. Fig. 1 shows a section through the range of a suction valve of a reciprocating compressor according to the invention with flow control and Fig. 2 an alternative embodiment in the same representation.

Gemäß Fig. 1 weist ein nicht weiter dargestellter Hubkolbenverdichter einen an einem selbsttätigen Saugventil 1 des Verdichters angeordneten Abhebegreifer 2 auf, der mitteils einer elektromagnetischen Betätigungseinrichtung 3 zwei ringförmige Dichtelemente 4 des Saugventils 1 über einen steuerbaren Teil des Arbeitstaktes des Verdichters offenhält. Die Betätigungseinrichtung 3 weist zu diesem Zweck als Antrieb einen Magnetaktor 5 auf, dessen Magnetspule 6 mit einer Ankerplatte 7 zusammenwirkt, die am oberen Ende einer Übertragungsstange 8 angebracht ist. Die Übertragungsstange 8 wiederum ist in ihrem unteren Bereich mit dem Abhebergreifer 2 verbunden und in Längsrichtung an einer symbolisch dargestellten Führung 9 geführt.According to Fig. 1 a non-illustrated reciprocating compressor on a arranged on an automatic suction valve 1 of the compressor Abhebegreifer 2, the mitteil an electromagnetic actuator 3, two annular sealing elements 4 of the suction valve 1 via a controllable part of the working stroke of the compressor holds open. The actuator 3 has for this purpose as a drive to a magnetic actuator 5, the magnetic coil 6 cooperates with an armature plate 7 which is attached to the upper end of a transmission rod 8. The transmission rod 8 in turn is connected in its lower region with the Abhebergreifer 2 and guided in the longitudinal direction of a symbolically illustrated guide 9.

Die elektromagnetische Betätigungseinrichtung 3 weist weiters einen separaten Stellantrieb 10 auf, der hier beispielsweise über einen elektromotorisch betätigbaren Gewindespindelantrieb 11 und eine verschiebbare schiefe Rampe 12 auf die effektive Länge der zwischen Magnetaktor 5 und Abhebegreifer 2 eingeschalteten Übertragungsstange 8 einwirkt. Auf diese Weise ist also die periodische elektromagnetische Betätigung des Abhebegreifers 2 im Arbeitstakt des Hubkolbenverdichters entkoppelt von der über den Stellantrieb 10 erfolgenden Einstellung des Arbeitshubbereiches des Magnetaktors 5.The electromagnetic actuator 3 further has a separate actuator 10, which acts here for example via an electric motor-operated threaded spindle drive 11 and a displaceable oblique ramp 12 to the effective length of the switched between the magnetic actuator 5 and Abhebegreifer 2 transmission rod 8. In this way, therefore, the periodic electromagnetic actuation of the lift-off gripper 2 in the working cycle of the reciprocating compressor is decoupled from the adjustment of the working stroke range of the magnetic actuator 5 via the actuator 10.

An der Oberseite der Ankerplatte 7 ist ein oberer Anschlag 13 für die beispielsweise über eine hier nicht dargestellte Feder oder dergleichen bei nicht aktivierter Betätigungseinrichtung 3 festgelegte eingefahrene Stellung des Abhebegreifers 2 dargestellt, sowie ein Federelement 14 und ein Fluiddämpfer 15, die auch unabhängig voneinander verwendet werden können und bei entsprechender Auslegung und Abstimmung eine Entlastung der elektromagnetischen Betätigungseinrichtung 3 ermöglichen.At the top of the anchor plate 7, an upper stop 13 is shown for example via a spring, not shown here or the like when not activated actuator 3 fixed retracted position of the Abhebegreifers 2, and a spring element 14 and a fluid damper 15, which are also used independently can and with appropriate design and vote allow relief of the electromagnetic actuator 3.

Sobald der Magnetaktor 5 der Betätigungseinrichtung 3 über die elektrische Ansteuereinrichtung 16 bestromt und damit die Ankerplatte 7 (entgegen einer nicht dargestellten Befederung) angezogen wird, bewegt sich der Abhebegreifer 2 in der Darstellung nach unten und wirkt damit auf die ansonsten freie Beweglichkeit der Dichtelemente 4 ein. Diese können damit entgegen der sonst rein über die Druckverhältnisse vor und hinter dem Saugventil 1 erfolgende automatische Betätigung über einen steuerbaren Teil des Verdichtungshubes des Hubkolbenverdichters offengehalten werden, was in bekannter Weise eine Regelung der Fördermenge eines mit konstanter Drehzahl laufenden Verdichters über die sogenannte Rückströmregelung erlaubt. Über ein in Fig. 1 nur angedeutetes Schaltungselement 20 in der Ansteuereinrichtung 16 kann dabei auch eine Anpassung der Offenhaltekraft der Betätigungseinrichtung 3 an die beispielsweise über einen Kurbelwinkelsensor 21 ermittelte, jeweils wirksame Rückströmkraft durch Regelung der Bestromung erfolgen, was unnötige Verlustwärme zu reduzieren hilft.As soon as the magnetic actuator 5 of the actuating device 3 is energized via the electrical control device 16 and thus the armature plate 7 is tightened (contrary to feathering, not shown), the lifting gripper 2 moves downward in the illustration and thus acts on the otherwise free mobility of the sealing elements 4 , These can thus be kept open against the otherwise purely on the pressure ratios before and after the suction valve 1 automatic actuation over a controllable part of the compression stroke of the reciprocating compressor, which allows in a known manner a control of the flow rate of a constant speed compressor running on the so-called backflow. About a in Fig. 1 only indicated circuit element 20 in the control device 16 can also be an adjustment of the hold-open force of the actuator 3 to the example about a crank angle sensor 21 determined, respectively effective Rückströmkraft done by controlling the energization, which helps to reduce unnecessary heat loss.

Bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 2 ist abweichend zu Fig. 1 nun die Übertragungsstange 8 zwischen Ankerplatte 7 und Abhebegreifer 2 durchgehend und in der Länge nicht veränderlich. Zur Einstellung des Arbeitshubbereiches des Magnetaktors 5 wirkt hier der Stellantrieb 10 über ein Gehäuse 17 bzw. einen Gehäuseflansch 18 gemeinsam auf den Magnetaktor 5 samt davon betätigtem Abhebegreifer 2 ein, womit deren gemeinsame Position relativ zum Saugventil 2 bedarfsweise verstellt werden kann. Alle weiteren wesentlichen Ausführungsdetails entsprechen Fig. 1 - zur Beschreibung der entsprechenden Merkmale und Funktionen wird deshalb hier nur auf Fig. 1 verwiesen.In the execution after Fig. 2 is different from Fig. 1 now the transmission rod 8 between the anchor plate 7 and Abhebegreifer 2 continuously and not changeable in length. To set the working stroke range of the Magnetaktors 5 here the actuator 10 acts via a housing 17 and a housing flange 18 together on the solenoid actuator 5 together with actuated Abhebegreifer 2, whereby their common position relative to the suction valve 2 can be adjusted as needed. All other essential execution details correspond Fig. 1 - to describe the corresponding features and functions is therefore only on Fig. 1 directed.

Claims (7)

Hubkolbenverdichter mit Fördermengenregelung, mit einem an zumindest einem der selbsttätigen Saugventile (1) angeordneten, elektromagnetisch im Arbeitstakt betätigbaren Abhebegreifer (2) zum periodisch gesteuerten Offenhalten des entsprechenden Saugventils (1) über einen bestimmten Kurbelwinkelbereich, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektromagnetische Betätigungseinrichtung (3) einen separaten Stellantrieb (10) aufweist, und dass der Stellantrieb (10) zur bedarfsweisen Verschiebung des Arbeitshubbereiches des verwendeten Magnetaktors (5) relativ zu seinem Angriff am Saugventil (1) in den für den verwendeten Elektromagneten optimalen Arbeitsbereich dient.Reciprocating compressor with flow control, with a at least one of the automatic suction valves (1) arranged electromagnetically actuatable Abhebegreifer (2) for periodically controlled keeping open the corresponding suction valve (1) over a certain crank angle range, characterized in that the electromagnetic actuator (3) a separate actuator (10), and that the actuator (10) for the required displacement of the Arbeitsshubbereiches of the magnetic actuator (5) used relative to its attack on the suction valve (1) in the optimal for the electromagnet used working area. Hubkolbenverdichter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stellantrieb (10) auf den Magnetaktor (5) samt davon betätigtem Abhebegreifer (2) einwirkt und bedarfsweise deren gemeinsame Position relativ zum Saugventil (1) verstellt (Fig. 2).Reciprocating compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator (10) acting on the magnetic actuator (5) together with it operated Abhebegreifer (2) and, if necessary, their common position relative to the suction valve (1) adjusted (Fig. 2). Hubkolbenverdichter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stellantrieb (10) eine Längenverstelleinheit für eine zwischen Magnetaktor (5) und Abhebegreifer (2) eingeschaltete Übertragungsstange (8) aufweist (Fig. 1).Reciprocating compressor according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator (10) has a Längenverstelleinheit for between magnetic actuator (5) and Abhebegreifer (2) switched transmission rod (8) (Fig. 1). Hubkolbenverdichter nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stellantrieb (10) einen elektromotorisch betätigbaren Gewindespindelantrieb (11) aufweist.Reciprocating compressor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the actuator (10) has an electric motor-operated threaded spindle drive (11). Hubkolbenverdichter nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stellantrieb (10) indirekt, vorzugsweise über Hebel, schiefe Rampen (12) oder dergleichen, auf die Verstellung des Arbeitshubbereiches des Magnetaktors (5) einwirkt.Reciprocating compressor according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the actuator (10) indirectly, preferably via levers, oblique ramps (12) or the like, acts on the adjustment of the working stroke of the magnetic actuator (5). Hubkolbenverdichter nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betätigungseinrichtung (3) des Abhebegreifers (2) zusätzliche Federelemente (14) und-/oder Fluiddämpfer (15) aufweist.Reciprocating compressor according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the actuating device (3) of the Abhebegreifers (2) additional spring elements (14) and / or fluid damper (15). Hubkolbenverdichter, nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bestromung des Magnetaktors (5) in Abhängigkeit von der aktuell am Saugventil (1) angreifenden Rückströmkraft geregelt ist.Reciprocating compressor, according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the energization of the magnetic actuator (5) is regulated in dependence on the currently acting on the suction valve (1) Rückströmkraft.
EP12163073.5A 2011-04-14 2012-04-04 Reciprocating piston compressor with transport volume control Active EP2511526B1 (en)

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ATA531/2011A AT511238B1 (en) 2011-04-14 2011-04-14 PISTON COMPRESSORS WITH CONVEYOR RANGE CONTROL

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AT514580B1 (en) * 2013-11-21 2015-02-15 Hoerbiger Kompressortech Hold Lifting gripper for a valve element of a compressor valve
ITUB20150797A1 (en) 2015-05-22 2016-11-22 Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie Srl VALVE FOR AN ALTERNATIVE COMPRESSOR
AT525119B1 (en) * 2021-05-10 2023-04-15 Hoerbiger Wien Gmbh Reciprocating compressor with variable capacity control
CN114135475B (en) * 2021-11-30 2024-01-30 中船动力研究院有限公司 Position control device and diesel engine fuel pump speed regulation system

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AT511238B1 (en) 2013-03-15
CN102734134A (en) 2012-10-17
EP2511526B1 (en) 2019-08-21
US20120260796A1 (en) 2012-10-18
JP2012225345A (en) 2012-11-15
US9027459B2 (en) 2015-05-12
CN102734134B (en) 2015-12-16
JP6112772B2 (en) 2017-04-12

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