EP2456978B1 - Method for controlling delivery quantity and reciprocating compressor having delivery quantity control - Google Patents
Method for controlling delivery quantity and reciprocating compressor having delivery quantity control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2456978B1 EP2456978B1 EP10744544.7A EP10744544A EP2456978B1 EP 2456978 B1 EP2456978 B1 EP 2456978B1 EP 10744544 A EP10744544 A EP 10744544A EP 2456978 B1 EP2456978 B1 EP 2456978B1
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- unloader
- closing body
- during
- control device
- valve
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 50
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002023 somite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
- F04B39/08—Actuation of distribution members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00Â -Â F04B47/00
- F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00Â -Â F04B47/00 by means of valves
- F04B49/24—Bypassing
- F04B49/243—Bypassing by keeping open the inlet valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00Â -Â F04B47/00
- F04B49/22—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00Â -Â F04B47/00 by means of valves
- F04B49/24—Bypassing
- F04B49/246—Bypassing by keeping open the outlet valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
- F04B2205/05—Pressure after the pump outlet
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for flow control of a reciprocating compressor according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to a reciprocating compressor with flow control according to the preamble of claim 11.
- WO 2008/000698 A2 and EP1400692 disclose a method for influencing the pressure-dependent automatic, periodic opening movement of a closing member of a suction valve of a reciprocating compressor by means of a, as required, at least over a part of the crank circuit acting on the closing member control device. Since the life of mostly suction and pressure side used, automatic compressor valves is primarily influenced by the impact stress at the alternate impact of the actual closing organ on seat or catcher, said document discloses a method in which the suction valve by means of a so-called lift-off gripper before reaching Pressure equilibrium is forcibly opened, in order to avoid a strong instantaneous acceleration of the closing member towards the catcher, which would occur during automatic opening. This allows to reduce the impact load of the compressor valve.
- This method has the disadvantage that the suction and in particular the compressor valves used on the pressure side still have a high load, in particular when the compressor system is operated according to the method of a continuous backflow control.
- the suction valve In the continuous flow control, the suction valve is kept open by means of Abhebegreifers during a partial angle range of the compression stroke and then closed, thereby affecting the flow rate.
- a disadvantage of this known method is the fact that the closing member of the suction valve and the pressure valve is subject to relatively high wear, which requires a correspondingly high maintenance.
- the object of the invention is to form a more advantageous method for controlling the flow rate of a reciprocating compressor.
- This object is achieved with a method comprising the features of claim 1.
- the dependent claims 2 to 10 relate to further advantageous method steps.
- the object is further achieved with a reciprocating compressor having the features of claim 11.
- the dependent claims 12 to 15 relate to further advantageous embodiments.
- the object is achieved in particular with a method for controlling the flow rate of a reciprocating compressor by the Movement of a closing member of an automatic suction valve by means of a driven by a control device Abhebegreifers during at least part of a cycle of the crank circuit is affected, the method comprises a continuous backflow control in which the Abhebegreifer rests during a first portion of the cycle of the crank circuit on the closing organ and its closure prevents, and in which the lift-off gripper is moved back during a second portion of the cycle of the crank circuit and the closing member is closed, wherein the lift-off gripper is moved back so that the speed of the moving closing member is reduced before placing on the suction valve.
- this includes an intermittent control, in which the Abhebegreifer prevents the closing of the closing member during a whole cycle of the crank circuit, the flow rate is controlled at least by a combination of continuous backflow control and intermittent control.
- the flow rate is controlled by the forced keeping open the suction valve.
- two different methods are used for control, namely a Aussetzregelung and stepless backflow control. Both methods use a so-called lift-off gripper, which presses the closing member of the valve, for example a plate, ring or Poppetventil, in an open position, and preferably on the valve seat.
- the reciprocating compressor has a compression chamber, which is supplied via a suction valve gas, and from which via a Exhaust valve, also referred to as a pressure valve, compressed gas is discharged.
- a suction valve gas also referred to as a pressure valve
- the closing member of the suction valve is kept open during an entire working cycle or a whole working cycle.
- the pressure in the compression chamber does not rise above the pressure which is required to open the pressure valve, so that the aspirated gas is forced back into the suction line during the compression phase, thereby preventing compression and further transport into the pressure line Available.
- the pressure valve thus remains closed and this compression chamber thus promotes no gas via the pressure valve in the pressure line.
- the compression chamber again conveys the entire gas flow via the pressure valve into the pressure line. If, for example, the reciprocating compressor has only one compression space, then the intermittent control can be operated in such a way that certain working cycles are operated with normal operation, and during certain operating cycles the intermittent control is activated.
- a disadvantage of the Aussetzregelung is thus that the amount of gas pumped by the reciprocating compressor can be regulated only gradually.
- Another disadvantage of the Aussetzregelung is that the unloaded compression chamber, that is, when not opening pressure valve, is not flowed through and thereby accumulate dirt in the compression chamber, which increases the wear of the valves and the packing rings and piston rings.
- the suction valve In the method of backflow control, the suction valve is kept open by means of Abhebegreifers during a partial angle range of a complete compression stroke or a complete crank circuit and then closed, thereby increasing the flow rate influence.
- the suction valve is pressed only at the beginning of the compression phase by the Abhebegreifer. As a result, a part of the gas located in the compression chamber is pushed back into the suction line. As soon as the closing member of the suction valve closes completely, the remaining gas in the compression chamber is compressed and pressed via the pressure valve in the pressure line.
- the backflow control only a portion of the maximum possible gas flow from the compression chamber is thus conveyed via the pressure valve in the pressure line.
- a disadvantage of the method of backflow control is the fact that the opening time of the automatic pressure valve is reduced accordingly for smaller flow rates, and that at flow rates less than 40% of the nominal flow, the opening time of the pressure valve is shortened such that the opening and closing speeds of the pressure valve can multiply. On the one hand, this leads to increased wear of the automatic pressure valve, and on the other hand, this reduces the range within which partial delivery quantities can be reliably conveyed.
- Another disadvantage of the backflow control is that the gas is heated more strongly before compression due to the longer residence time in the compression chamber and due to the heat transfer via the cylinder wall and due to a leakage flow through the piston. This has the consequence that the gas has an elevated temperature on the pressure side.
- the suction valve is influenced by the control device and the Abhebegreifer such that the closing member of the pressure valve of the reciprocating compressor is opened at least during a predetermined opening angle range of a crank circle.
- the opening angle range is at least 10 ° and preferably at least 20 ° to 30 °.
- the inventive method and the reciprocating compressor according to the invention have the advantage that the lifting movement and / or the speed of the lifting gripper with the aid of a drive device, preferably an electromagnet, is very precisely controlled, such that the speed of the closing closing organ before placing on the Suction valve can be reduced so that the closing member hits the suction valve at a low speed and comes to rest there, so that the closing member thus "gently" touches on the suction valve, which can also be called in English as "soft landing”.
- the speed of the closing member during placement on the suction valve is less than 0.1 m / s, so that the closing member 5b during impact with the valve seat 5a of the suction valve 5 a GrenzaufTech founded founded of less than 0.1 m / s having.
- This advantageous method reduces the wear of the closing organ considerably and advantageously has the additional consequence that the operation of the valve has a lower noise level.
- the drive device comprises a controllable damping device to the speed of the Abhebegreifers and in particular the location of the To influence reduced speed such that the closing member impinges when closing at low speed on the suction valve, so that the closing member thus "gently” touches down on the suction valve and this closes.
- the damping device is particularly advantageously electrically controllable, and particularly advantageously comprises an electrorheological or magnetorheological fluid whose viscosity can be changed electrostatically or electromagnetically, so that the damping via electrical signals can be changed very quickly.
- the damping device can also be based on another principle and be configured for example as an electromagnet.
- Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a controllable valve 1 comprising a compressor housing 4 with a suction valve 5 disposed therein, the position of which is influenced by a Abhebegreifer 6, wherein the Abhebegreifer 6 is actuated via a connecting rod designed as a connecting means 7 of a arranged outside the compressor housing 4 control device 2 ,
- the compressor housing 4 comprises a lantern 4a, a gas space 4b, a compression chamber 4c and a lid 4d, wherein the compressor housing 4 also includes a not shown or not visible pressure valve 8, via which the compressed fluid can escape from the compression chamber 4c.
- the automatic suction valve 5 comprises a valve seat 5a, a movably mounted in a stroke direction B, hereinafter also referred to as valve plate 5b Closing member 5b, a valve catch 5c and a return spring 5d.
- the lift-off gripper 6 comprises a plurality of gripper extensions 6a or fingers 6a, a guide 6b and a compression spring 6c.
- the lifting gripper 6, driven by the electromagnets 2a, slidably mounted in the stroke direction B, wherein the tip of the gripper extensions 6a can abut depending on the stroke in direction B on the valve plate 5b, and in particular can press the valve plate 5b against the valve catcher 5c, so that the Valve plate 5b is no longer movable, and the valve 5 thereby forcibly remains open.
- the control device 2 comprises as drive device an electromagnet 2 a with a magnet armature 2 b, a magnetic core 2 c and a magnetic coil 2 d.
- the control device 2 further comprises a housing 2m which is connected to the compressor housing 4 via the connecting part 2e.
- the control device 2 also comprises a drive device 2i or a control device 2i, electrical lines 2k, 21, wherein the electrical line 21 connects the drive device 2i with the solenoid 2a.
- the control device 2 comprises two guides 2f, 2g for slidably supporting the electromagnet 2a and the connecting rod 7 in the stroke direction B.
- a filter 3 may be provided.
- the control device 2 also comprises a displacement sensor 2h, which detects the stroke or the position of the solenoid 2a or the position of the Abhebegreifers 6 in the stroke direction B.
- controllable valve 1 can now be controlled in different ways over the cycles of the crank circuit.
- a cycle is understood to mean a rotation of the crankshaft of the reciprocating compressor through 360 °.
- FIG. 2 shows the method of a continuous backflow control, wherein in FIG. 2 the lifting movement A of the Abhebegreifers 6, the stroke B of the valve plate 5b and the speed C of the Abhebegreifers 6 are shown in function of the crank angle, wherein a single revolution of the crankshaft is shown, that is FIG. 2 shows the course over an angle between 0 ° and 360 °. From the lifting movement B of the valve plate 5b it can be seen that the valve plate 5b automatically opens in the illustrated embodiment in the angular range between about 90 ° and 110 ° during suction, so that the valve plate 5b rests against the valve catch 5c.
- the lifting gripper 6 is moved or moved until it bears against the valve plate 5b. Moreover, in FIG. 2 with the curve C nor the speed of the Abhebegreifers 6 shown. During automatic operation of the suction valve 5, the suction valve 5 would automatically close when reversing the direction of movement of the piston, in the example shown at 225 °.
- stepless backflow control now causes the lift-off gripper 6 abuts the closure member 5b during a first portion K1 of the cycle of the crank circuit and prevents its closure, and that the lift-off gripper 6 during a second portion K2 of the cycle of the crank circle corresponding to the course of the curve A2 is moved back, the closing member 5b, namely the valve plate 5b, due to the applied pressure conditions of the movement of the Abhebegreifers 6 follows or abhebegreifer 6 abuts, so that the valve plate 5b at some point, in the example shown at 290 ° rests on the valve seat 5a and the valve 5 closes.
- the lift-off gripper 6 is still continue to process so that this example is spaced from the valve plate 5b.
- the movement of the closing member 5b is influenced via the drive device, in the illustrated embodiment via the solenoid 2a and the connecting rod 7 in the section K2 such that the Abhebegreifer 6 in function of the crank circle in FIG. 2 illustrated Hubverlauf A or the in FIG. 2 shown speed profile C, wherein the solenoid 2a is controlled such that the speed of the moving closing member 5a is reduced before placing on the suction valve 5, as in FIG. 2 is shown.
- the Abhebegreifer 6 is then moved in a further section K3 still in an end position, as shown in the curve C with the "second hump" by again accelerated and then decelerated again, so that the Abhebegreifer 6, as in the stroke curve A in the section K3 shown, spaced, that is, without direct contact with the closing member 5a, comes to a standstill.
- the electromagnet 2a is controlled in an advantageous method step such that the closing member 5b has a speed of less than 0.1 m / s during placement on the suction valve.
- the valve 1 can also be operated with the method of Aussetzregelung. In the intermittent control of the Abhebegreifer 6 is moved such that it prevents the closing of the closing member 5b during a whole cycle of the crank circuit, preferably in that the Abhebegreifer 6 rests during the entire cycle on the closing member 5b, so that it remains open over the entire cycle.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a reciprocating compressor comprising a compressor housing 4 with a movably mounted, via a piston rod 4f driven piston 4e, which partially defines a compression chamber 4c.
- a suction valve 5 is also arranged, via which the fluid or gas to be conveyed is sucked.
- the reciprocating compressor also includes a gripper 6, which is driven by a control device 2 comprising a drive device.
- the control device 2 the suction valve 5 and the gripper 6 form a controllable valve 1.
- a pressure valve 8 is also arranged, via which the compressed gas leaves the compression chamber 4c.
- the reciprocating compressor may also comprise a plurality of compression spaces 4c, each compression space 4c comprising a separate piston 4e with piston rod 4f, and each compression space 4c comprising a separate, controllable valve 1.
- FIG. 3 shows now the course of the pressure in a compression chamber 4c of a reciprocating compressor in function of the crank angle for different operating methods.
- the bottom dead center U TP is at 90 °, that is, in this position, the compression chamber 4c reaches the maximum volume.
- the top dead center O TP is in this example at 270 °, that is, at this position, the compression chamber 4c reaches the minimum volume.
- the movement of the closing member 5b of the suction valve 5 is carried out automatically, so that over a crank angle of 360 ° the pressure curve shown results.
- the movement of the closing member of the pressure valve 8 takes place in FIG. 3 always automatically.
- the pressure side pressure for example, about 3.1 bar, wherein the pressure valve 8 in the illustrated embodiment, including bias by the Valve springs open at a pressure of about 3.2 bar.
- the pressure valve 8 opens approximately at a crank angle of 190 °.
- the automatic pressure valve 8 is fully opened in the illustrated embodiment during an angular range Kw of about 50 °, because the pressure valve 8 in this Maximaloffenwinkel Scheme Kw has the maximum valve lift before the pressure valve 8 closes again.
- the total opening angle Kv, during which the valve is open, that is, the closing member is lifted from the valve seat, or the entire opening time of the pressure valve 8 is about 80 °.
- a skip control is shown, in which, as described above, the closing member 5b is kept open over the entire crank angle of 360 ° from Abhebegreifer 6, so that results in the compression chamber 4c of the pressure profile shown.
- the pressure in the compression chamber 4c is constantly below 3.2 bar, so that the pressure valve 8 does not open automatically.
- a continuous backflow control is shown, in which, as in FIG. 2 described, the closing member 5b is kept open during part of the crank angle of 360 ° from Abhebegreifer 6, so that the pressure build-up in the compression chamber 4c based on the crank angle takes place later, and the pressure curve shown results.
- the pressure valve 8 opens approximately at a crank angle of 210 °.
- the automatic pressure valve 8 remains fully open in the illustrated embodiment during a Maximaloffenwinkel Scheme Kw of about 30 ° before the valve lift, as in FIG. 4 shown reduced, and the valve 8 completely closes again after the total opening angle Kv.
- the total opening angle Kv, during which the valve 8 is open, or the total opening time of the valve is about 60 °.
- the closing element 5b of the suction valve 5 is pressed on only at the beginning of the compression phase. As a result, a portion of the gas is forced back into the suction line. Closes the suction valve 5, the remaining gas can be compressed in the compression chamber and pressed by the pressure valve in the pressure line.
- the compression chamber promotes only part of the maximum possible gas flow.
- Both methods use the lift-off gripper 6 to push the sealing element 5b of the valve 5, for example a plate, ring or poppet valve, against the valve catcher 5c and thus into the open position. Since in the continuous feedback control of the Abhebegreifer 6 must be moved in a work cycle from the closed to the open position and back, and there is a longer time available in the Aussetzregelung for the same sequence of movements, the power consumption, the required forces, the speeds and the stress of the components used in the continuous backflow control higher.
- the flow rate of a reciprocating compressor can now, as in FIG. 3 indicated by a combination of stepless backflow control F and Aussetzregelung E are regulated in a wide range, in addition also the portion D can be used for flow control, during which the closing member 5b moves automatically.
- These three types of operation D, E, F of operating the valve 5 can now be combined with each other, so that, for example, during successive cycles initially only the type of operation D, E or F takes place, and later, for example, a combination of at least two of the three types of operation D, E and F.
- the valve could for example be controlled such that different flow rates are controlled so that the suction valve 5 is automatically operated at high flow rates during certain cycles, and is operated during certain cycles according to the continuous backflow control, that the suction valve 5 is operated at medium flow rates during each cycle according to the continuous backflow control, and that the suction valve 5 is constantly kept open at low flow rates during certain cycles, and is operated during certain cycles according to the stepless backflow control.
- FIG. 4 shows the lifting movement 8c of the pressure valve 8 in function of the crankshaft angle.
- the lifting movement 5e of the closing member 5b of the suction valve 5 is shown as a function of the crankshaft angle.
- the movement of the pressure valve 8 takes place automatically, whereas the movement of the closing member 5b of the suction valve 5 as described above in the Aussetzregelung E and the backflow control F is determined by the gripper 6.
- the maximum open angle range Kw within which the valve 8 has a maximum valve lift, that is, maximum is open.
- the total opening angle Kv can be seen, during which the valve 8 is opened.
- the opening duration of the automatic pressure valve 8 is determined by the angular range during which the pressure in the compression chamber 4c is above the opening pressure of the pressure valve 8, according to the exemplary embodiment FIG. 3 above a pressure of 3.2 bar. From the in FIGS. 3 and 4 shown with F continuous backflow control can be seen that the angular range of the open pressure valve 8 is reduced, the later the closing member 5b is closed. This has the consequence, in particular for small flow rates, that the pressure valve 8 would only be opened during a very short total opening angle Kv if the backflow control were used continuously.
- FIG. 5 shows a load curve in a PV diagram in different operating methods, namely as already in FIG. 3 shown, at full load D with automatic suction valve 5, in the Aussetzregelung E and in the continuous flow control F.
- a compressor may be configured such that it as in FIG. 7 represented per cylinder only one compression space 4c, wherein such a compression space 4c is also referred to below as the upper compression space.
- the compressor may also be designed such that it has a second compression chamber in the same cylinder, which is separated from the first compression chamber by the piston 4e, so that during the movement of the piston 4e the fluid is compressed in one compression chamber and drawn in the other compression chamber.
- the second compression space is also referred to below as the lower compression space.
- the flow rate control takes place as in FIG.
- the opening time of the pressure valve 8 can be determined, for example, by measuring the pressure in the compression chamber and comparing it with the final pressure, or by knowing the operating cases of the compressor via a previous, respectively simultaneous calculation of the maximum opening time of the suction valve over the reversal point of the movement of the piston. so that the minimum opening time of the pressure valve is not undershot.
- FIG. 6 shows characteristic variables of the controllable valve 1 as a function of the crank angle or the angle of rotation to the in FIG. 6 in the path diagram shown movement curve B of the valve plate 5b and the course of motion A of the lift-off gripper 6 to obtain.
- the curve C the speed profile of the lift-off gripper 6 is shown.
- the force G caused by the electromagnet 2a and the current H required for driving the electromagnet 2a are shown.
- Processes shown are particularly important to the in FIG. 2 shown, "gentle landing" of the valve plate 5b on the valve catch 5c to effect.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a further embodiment of a control device 2 for actuating and driving the force acting on the suction valve 5 gripper 6.
- the control device 2 comprises a drive device 2n, which via the linearly movably mounted connecting rod 7 with the in FIG. 7 schematically illustrated gripper 6 is connected.
- the drive device 2n shown in this embodiment comprises a linear drive 2w and an electrically controllable damping device 2o, wherein the damping device 2o has the function of the electrically driven to dampen the movement generated by the linear drive 2w so that the gripper 6 and the valve plate 5b of the suction valve 5 as for example in FIG. 2 shown moves.
- the linear drive 2w has a linearly movable connecting rod 2t, which is operatively connected to the connecting rod 7.
- the damping device 2o is disposed between the linear drive 2w and the gripper 6.
- the damping device 2o could also be arranged at a different location, in the illustrated view of the control device. 2 for example, above the linear drive 2w.
- the damping device 2o can be configured in a variety of ways to effect a damping of the movement of the linear drive 2w.
- "soft landing" of the valve plate 5b on the valve catcher 5c is the in FIG. 8 schematically illustrated damping device 2o particularly advantageous.
- the damping device 2o comprises a cylinder 2p and in its interior a linearly displaceable piston 2r which divides the interior of the cylinder 2p into a first inner space 2q and a second inner space 2s.
- the two inner spaces 2q, 2s are connected to each other via a fluid-conducting connection 2u, so that a fluid is exchangeable between the two inner spaces 2q, 2s.
- the two inner spaces 2q, 2s are conductively connected to each other via an electrically controllable damping or throttle 2v fluid.
- a drive and control device 2i is electrically connected via electrical lines 2k, 21 signal to the linear drive 2w and the controllable damping 2v, so that both the linear drive 2w and the damping properties of the damping device 2o are controlled to the position or the speed of the valve plate 5b such that, as in FIG. 2 exemplified a "gentle landing" of the valve plate 5b is effected.
- the fluid-conducting connection 2u and the electrically controllable damping 2v could also be arranged on the damping device 2o or within the damping device 2o, in particular also on the piston 2r in that the piston 2r has, for example, a fluid-conducting connection between the first and second internal spaces 2q, 2s ,
- the fluid of the damping device 2o at least partially consists of an electrorheological or magnetorheological fluid.
- Such liquids have the property that their viscosity is electrically controllable, so that with such liquids ein.elektrisch controllable throttle section can be configured.
- Such a throttle section has the advantage that the viscosity can be varied within a wide range, and that the viscosity can be changed very quickly with the aid of the electrical signal.
- damping properties of such a damping device 2o are characterized very quickly changed, so that the movement of the piston 2r and thus the movement of the connecting rod 7, the gripper 6 and ultimately the valve plate 5b can be so damped or controlled and controlled, the valve plate 5b with respect Edinburghirk and speed performs a "gentle landing".
- Damping devices comprising an electrorheological or magnetorheological fluid are known, for example, from the document WO2008 / 141787A1 or from the publication EP 1034383B1 known.
- the linear drive 2w can be designed, for example, as a hydraulic or pneumatic drive, as an electromagnetic drive, as a linear motor or as an electric motor with a translation.
- FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of a control device 2.
- the damping device 2o according to FIG. 9 an electrically controllable three-way valve 2y, a non-variable throttle 2x and fluid lines 2u 1 and 2u 2nd
- the damping properties of Damping device 2o can be controlled via the electrical three-way valve 2y by allowing the fluid exchanged between the first and second internal spaces 2q, 2s to flow either via the fluid line 2u 2 or the fluid line 2u 1 and the throttle 2 x.
- the damping device 20o could also comprise a plurality of throttles 2 x with different throttling effects, as well as a multi-way valve which can controllably and selectively supply the fluid to each of these throttles, so that the damping device 2 o has a plurality of different dampings.
- the damping device 2o could also be configured such that the braking energy output by the damping device 20o to the closing member 5b can be recovered.
- the damping device 2o could for example be designed as an eddy current brake.
- the damping properties of such an eddy current brake could also be electrically controlled.
- the damping device 2o is thus designed as a controllable eddy current brake, which on the one hand allows controlling the damping properties and which on the other hand allows energy recovery, wherein in the energy recovery preferably electrical energy is generated.
- a damping device 2o with energy recovery is particularly advantageous to the total energy required to operate the suction valve 5 and to operate the Abhebegreifers 6 to reduce.
- the heating occurring during operation is also reduced.
- control device 2 comprises an adaptive pilot control with which the stroke A and the speed C of the lift-off gripper 6 are regulated.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Fördermengenregelung eines Hubkolben-Kompressors gemäss dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Die Erfindung betrifft weiter einen Hubkolben-Kompressor mit Fördermengenregelung gemäss dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 11.The invention relates to a method for flow control of a reciprocating compressor according to the preamble of
Die Druckschriften
Dieses Verfahren weist den Nachteil auf, dass die saug- und insbesondere die druckseitig verwendeten Kompressorventile immer noch eine hohe Beanspruchung aufweisen, insbesondere dann, wenn die Kompressoranlage gemäss dem Verfahren einer stufenlosen Rückstromregelung betrieben wird. Bei der stufenlosen Rückstromregelung wird das Saugventil mit Hilfe des Abhebegreifers während eines Teilwinkelbereichs des Kompressionstaktes offen gehalten und danach geschlossen, um dadurch die Fördermenge zu beeinflussen. Ein Nachteil dieses bekannten Verfahrens ist die Tatsache, dass das Schliessorgan des Saugventils und des Druckventils einem relativ grossen Verschleiss unterliegt, was einen entsprechend hohen Wartungsaufwand erfordert.This method has the disadvantage that the suction and in particular the compressor valves used on the pressure side still have a high load, in particular when the compressor system is operated according to the method of a continuous backflow control. In the continuous flow control, the suction valve is kept open by means of Abhebegreifers during a partial angle range of the compression stroke and then closed, thereby affecting the flow rate. A disadvantage of this known method is the fact that the closing member of the suction valve and the pressure valve is subject to relatively high wear, which requires a correspondingly high maintenance.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ein vorteilhafteres Verfahren zur Fördermengenregelung eines Hubkolben-Kompressors zu bilden. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit einem Verfahren aufweisend die Merkmale von Anspruch 1. Die abhängigen Ansprüche 2 bis 10 betreffen weitere, vorteilhafte Verfahrensschritte. Die Aufgabe wird weiter gelöst mit einem Hubkolben-Kompressor aufweisend die Merkmale von Anspruch 11. Die abhängigen Ansprüche 12 bis 15 betreffen weitere, vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen.The object of the invention is to form a more advantageous method for controlling the flow rate of a reciprocating compressor. This object is achieved with a method comprising the features of
Die Aufgabe wird insbesondere gelöst mit einem Verfahren zur Fördermengenregelung eines Hubkolben-Kompressors, indem die Bewegung eines Schliessorgans eines selbsttätigen Saugventils mittels eines von einer Steuereinrichtung angetriebenen Abhebegreifers während zumindest eines Teils eines Zyklus des Kurbelkreises beeinflusst wird, wobei das Verfahren eine stufenlose Rückstromregelung umfasst, bei welcher der Abhebegreifer während eines ersten Teilabschnittes des Zyklus des Kurbelkreises am Schliessorgan anliegt und dessen Schliessen verhindert, und bei welcher der Abhebegreifer während eines zweiten Teilabschnittes des Zyklus des Kurbelkreises zurückgefahren wird und das Schliessorgan geschlossen wird, wobei der Abhebegreifer derart zurückgefahren wird, dass die Geschwindigkeit des sich bewegenden Schliessorgans vor dem Aufsetzen auf das Saugventil reduziert wird.The object is achieved in particular with a method for controlling the flow rate of a reciprocating compressor by the Movement of a closing member of an automatic suction valve by means of a driven by a control device Abhebegreifers during at least part of a cycle of the crank circuit is affected, the method comprises a continuous backflow control in which the Abhebegreifer rests during a first portion of the cycle of the crank circuit on the closing organ and its closure prevents, and in which the lift-off gripper is moved back during a second portion of the cycle of the crank circuit and the closing member is closed, wherein the lift-off gripper is moved back so that the speed of the moving closing member is reduced before placing on the suction valve.
In einem weiteren vorteilhaften Verfahren umfasst dieses eine Aussetzregelung, bei welcher der Abhebegreifer während eines ganzen Zyklus des Kurbelkreises das Schliessen des Schliessorgans verhindert, wobei die Fördermenge zumindest durch eine Kombination von stufenloser Rückstromregelung und Aussetzregelung geregelt wird.In a further advantageous method, this includes an intermittent control, in which the Abhebegreifer prevents the closing of the closing member during a whole cycle of the crank circuit, the flow rate is controlled at least by a combination of continuous backflow control and intermittent control.
Beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren wird die Fördermenge durch das erzwungene Offenhalten des Saugventils geregelt. Dabei werden zur Regelung vorzugsweise zwei unterschiedliche Verfahren verwendet, nämlich eine Aussetzregelung und die stufenlose Rückstromregelung. Beide Verfahren verwenden einen sogenannten Abhebegreifer, welcher das Schliessorgan des Ventils, zum Beispiel ein Platten-, Ring- oder Poppetventil, in eine offene Stellung drücken, und vorzugsweise auf den Ventilsitz drücken.In the inventive method, the flow rate is controlled by the forced keeping open the suction valve. In this case, preferably two different methods are used for control, namely a Aussetzregelung and stepless backflow control. Both methods use a so-called lift-off gripper, which presses the closing member of the valve, for example a plate, ring or Poppetventil, in an open position, and preferably on the valve seat.
Der Hubkolben-Kompressor weist einen Verdichtungsraum auf, welchem über ein Saugventil Gas zugeführt wird, und aus welchem über ein Auslassventil, auch als Druckventil bezeichnet, verdichtetes Gas abgeführt wird. Beim Verfahren der Aussetzregelung wird das Schliessorgan des Saugventils während eines gesamten Arbeitstakts beziehungsweise eines ganzen Arbeitszyklus offen gehalten. Dadurch steigt während der Kompressionsphase der Druck im Verdichtungsraumes nicht über den Druck an, welcher erforderlich ist um das Druckventil zu öffnen, sodass das angesaugte Gas während der Kompressionsphase zurück in die Saugleitung gedrückt wird, und dadurch der Verdichtung und dem Weitertransport in die Druckleitung nicht zur Verfügung steht. Das Druckventil bleibt somit geschlossen und dieser Verdichtungsraum fördert somit kein Gas über das Druckventil in die Druckleitung. Wird die Aussetzregelung deaktiviert, das heisst ein Normalbetrieb gefahren, so fördert der Verdichtungsraum wieder den gesamten Gasstrom über das Druckventil in die Druckleitung. Weist der Hubkolben-Kompressor beispielsweise nur einen Verdichtungsraum auf, so kann die Aussetzregelung derart betrieben werden, dass gewisse Arbeitszyklen mit Normalbetrieb gefahren werden, und während gewissen Arbeitszyklen die Aussetzregelung aktiviert ist. Ein Nachteil der Aussetzregelung ist somit, dass die vom Hubkolben-Kompressor geförderte Gasmenge nur stufenweise reguliert werden kann. Ein weiterer Nachteil der Aussetzregelung ist, dass der entlastete Verdichtungsraum, das heisst bei sich nicht öffnendem Druckventil, nicht durchströmt wird und sich dadurch Schmutz im Verdichtungsraum ansammeln kann, welcher den Verschleiss der Ventile respektive der Packungsringe und Kolbenringe erhöht.The reciprocating compressor has a compression chamber, which is supplied via a suction valve gas, and from which via a Exhaust valve, also referred to as a pressure valve, compressed gas is discharged. In the process of Aussetzregelung the closing member of the suction valve is kept open during an entire working cycle or a whole working cycle. As a result, during the compression phase, the pressure in the compression chamber does not rise above the pressure which is required to open the pressure valve, so that the aspirated gas is forced back into the suction line during the compression phase, thereby preventing compression and further transport into the pressure line Available. The pressure valve thus remains closed and this compression chamber thus promotes no gas via the pressure valve in the pressure line. If the intermittent control is deactivated, ie a normal operation is run, the compression chamber again conveys the entire gas flow via the pressure valve into the pressure line. If, for example, the reciprocating compressor has only one compression space, then the intermittent control can be operated in such a way that certain working cycles are operated with normal operation, and during certain operating cycles the intermittent control is activated. A disadvantage of the Aussetzregelung is thus that the amount of gas pumped by the reciprocating compressor can be regulated only gradually. Another disadvantage of the Aussetzregelung is that the unloaded compression chamber, that is, when not opening pressure valve, is not flowed through and thereby accumulate dirt in the compression chamber, which increases the wear of the valves and the packing rings and piston rings.
Beim Verfahren der Rückstromregelung wird das Saugventil mit Hilfe des Abhebegreifers während eines Teilwinkelbereichs eines vollständigen Kompressionstaktes beziehungsweise eines vollständigen Kurbelkreises offen gehalten und danach geschlossen, um dadurch die Fördermenge zu beeinflussen. Dabei wird das Saugventil nur zu Beginn der Kompressionsphase durch den Abhebegreifer aufgedrückt. Dadurch wird ein Teil des sich im Verdichtungsraum befindlichen Gases zurück in die Saugleitung gedrückt. Sobald das Schliessorgan des Saugventils vollständig schliesst wird das im Verdichtungsraum verbliebene Gas komprimiert und über das Druckventil in die Druckleitung gepresst. Während der Rückstromregelung wird somit nur einen Teil des maximal möglichen Gasstroms aus dem Verdichtungsraum über das Druckventil in die Druckleitung gefördert.In the method of backflow control, the suction valve is kept open by means of Abhebegreifers during a partial angle range of a complete compression stroke or a complete crank circuit and then closed, thereby increasing the flow rate influence. The suction valve is pressed only at the beginning of the compression phase by the Abhebegreifer. As a result, a part of the gas located in the compression chamber is pushed back into the suction line. As soon as the closing member of the suction valve closes completely, the remaining gas in the compression chamber is compressed and pressed via the pressure valve in the pressure line. During the backflow control, only a portion of the maximum possible gas flow from the compression chamber is thus conveyed via the pressure valve in the pressure line.
Nachteilig am Verfahren der Rückstromregelung ist die Tatsache, dass die Öffnungszeit des selbsttätigen Druckventils bei kleineren Fördermengen entsprechend reduziert wird, und dass bei Fördermengen geringer als 40% der nominalen Fördermenge die Öffnungszeit des Druckventils derart verkürzt wird, dass sich die Öffnungs- und Schliessgeschwindigkeiten des Druckventils vervielfachen können. Dies führt einerseits zu einem erhöhten Verschleiss des selbsttätigen Druckventils, und andererseits reduziert dies den Bereich innerhalb welchem Teilfördermengen zuverlässig geförderte werden können. Ein weiterer Nachteil der Rückstromregelung ist, dass das Gas vor dem Verdichten stärker erwärmt wird auf Grund der längeren Verweilzeit im Verdichtungsraum und auf Grund des Wärmetransfers über die Zylinderwand und auf Grund eines Leckagestroms über den Kolben. Dies hat zur Folgen, dass das Gas auf der Druckseite eine erhöhte Temperatur aufweist.A disadvantage of the method of backflow control is the fact that the opening time of the automatic pressure valve is reduced accordingly for smaller flow rates, and that at flow rates less than 40% of the nominal flow, the opening time of the pressure valve is shortened such that the opening and closing speeds of the pressure valve can multiply. On the one hand, this leads to increased wear of the automatic pressure valve, and on the other hand, this reduces the range within which partial delivery quantities can be reliably conveyed. Another disadvantage of the backflow control is that the gas is heated more strongly before compression due to the longer residence time in the compression chamber and due to the heat transfer via the cylinder wall and due to a leakage flow through the piston. This has the consequence that the gas has an elevated temperature on the pressure side.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren weist in einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung den Vorteil auf, dass durch die kombinierte Anwendung von Rückstromregelung und Aussetzregelung die vom Hubkolben-Kompressor geförderte Menge in einem weiten Bereich verändert werden kann, insbesondere ohne zusätzlichen Verschleiss des Schliessorgans des Saugventils und/oder des Druckventils. Für die Regelung der Fördermenge stehen vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen drei unterschiedliche Verfahren zur Verfügung, welche angewendet werden können. Nebst einem Verfahren mit maximaler Fördermenge, bei welche das Saugventil selbsttätig schliesst, noch das bereits beschriebene Verfahren der Rückstromregelung und das bereits beschriebene Verfahren der Aussetzregelung. Abhängig von der jeweils zu fördernden Fluidmenge kann die Regelung beispielsweise wie folgt erfolgen:
- Zum Fördern der maximalen Fördermenge wird das Saugventil nicht beeinflusst und öffnet und schliesst somit selbsttätig.
- Bei grossen Förderströmen, das heisst Fördermengen im Bereich zwischen etwa 100% und 80% der maximalen Fördermenge, wird eine stufenlose Rückstromregelung eingesetzt. Wobei es auch möglich ist, dass nicht jeder Zyklus des Kurbelkreises mit der Rückstromregelung geregelt wird, sondern das Saugventil auch beispielsweise einen oder zwei Zyklen selbsttätig und somit ohne Beeinflussung betrieben wird. Dieses Verfahren weist den Vorteil auf, dass der Abhebegreifer weniger beansprucht wird, sodass sich längere Standzeiten ergeben, und dass die Mengenregelung selbst weniger Energie verbraucht.
- Bei mittleren Förderströmen, das heisst bei Fördermengen im Bereich zwischen etwa 80% und 50% der maximalen Fördermenge, wird bei jedem Zyklus die stufenlose Rückstromregelung verwendet.
- Bei kleinen Förderströmen, das heisst bei Fördermengen im Bereich zwischen etwa 50% und 0% der maximalen Fördermenge, wird das Schliessorgan des Saugventils Mittels der Aussetzregelung während beispielsweise einem oder zwei Zyklen offengehalten. Bei den anderen Zyklen kann entweder das Saugventil selbsttätig betrieben werden, oder zusätzlich, falls erforderlich, die Rückstromregelung eingesetzt werden.
- To promote the maximum flow, the suction valve is not affected and thus opens and closes automatically.
- For large flow rates, ie flow rates in the range between about 100% and 80% of the maximum flow, a continuous backflow control is used. Whereby it is also possible that not every cycle of the crank circuit is regulated with the backflow control, but the suction valve is also operated, for example, one or two cycles automatically and thus without interference. This method has the advantage that the lift-off gripper is less stressed, resulting in longer service life, and that the volume control itself consumes less energy.
- At medium flow rates, ie at flow rates in the range between about 80% and 50% of the maximum flow rate, the continuous backflow control is used for each cycle.
- At low flow rates, ie at flow rates in the range between about 50% and 0% of the maximum flow rate, the closing of the suction valve is kept open by means of the Aussetzregelung during, for example, one or two cycles. For the other cycles, either the Suction valve can be operated automatically, or in addition, if necessary, the backflow control can be used.
Besonders vorteilhaft wird das Saugventil durch die Steuereinrichtung und den Abhebegreifer derart beeinflusst, dass das Schliessorgan des Druckventils des Hubkolben-Kompressors zumindest während eines vorgegebenen Öffnungswinkelbereichs eines Kurbelkreises geöffnet wird. Der Öffnungswinkelbereich beträgt zumindest 10° und vorzugsweise zumindest 20° bis 30°.Particularly advantageously, the suction valve is influenced by the control device and the Abhebegreifer such that the closing member of the pressure valve of the reciprocating compressor is opened at least during a predetermined opening angle range of a crank circle. The opening angle range is at least 10 ° and preferably at least 20 ° to 30 °.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren sowie der erfindungsgemässe Hubkolbenkompressor weisen den Vorteil auf, dass die Hubbewegung und/oder die Geschwindigkeit des Abhebegreifers mit Hilfe einer Antriebsvorrichtung, vorzugsweise einen Elektromagneten, sehr präzise ansteuerbar ist, derart, dass die Geschwindigkeit des sich schliessenden Schliessorgans vor dem Aufsetzen auf das Saugventil reduziert werden kann, sodass das Schliessorgan mit geringer Geschwindigkeit am Saugventil auftrifft und dort zu liegen kommt, sodass das Schliessorgan somit "sanft" auf das Saugventil aufsetzt, was auf Englisch auch als "soft landing" bezeichnet werden kann. In einem besonders bevorzugten Verfahren beträgt die Geschwindigkeit des Schliessorgans während des Aufsetzens auf das Saugventil weniger als 0,1 m/ s, sodass das Schliessorgan 5b während dem Auftreffen auf den Ventilsitz 5a des Saugventils 5 eine Grenzauftreffgeschwindigkeit von weniger als 0,1 m/s aufweist. Dieses vorteilhafte Verfahren reduziert den Verschleiss des Schliessorganes erheblich und hat vorteilhafter zusätzlich zur Folge, dass der Betrieb des Ventils einen geringeren Geräuschpegel aufweist.The inventive method and the reciprocating compressor according to the invention have the advantage that the lifting movement and / or the speed of the lifting gripper with the aid of a drive device, preferably an electromagnet, is very precisely controlled, such that the speed of the closing closing organ before placing on the Suction valve can be reduced so that the closing member hits the suction valve at a low speed and comes to rest there, so that the closing member thus "gently" touches on the suction valve, which can also be called in English as "soft landing". In a particularly preferred method, the speed of the closing member during placement on the suction valve is less than 0.1 m / s, so that the
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung umfasst die Antriebsvorrichtung eine ansteuerbare Dämpfungsvorrichtung, um die Geschwindigkeit des Abhebegreifers und insbesondere auch den Ort der reduzierten Geschwindigkeit derart zu beeinflussen, dass das Schliessorgan beim Schliessen mit geringer Geschwindigkeit am Saugventil auftrifft, sodass das Schliessorgan somit "sanft" auf das Saugventil aufsetzt und dieses schliesst. Die Dämpfungsvorrichtung ist besonders vorteilhaft elektrisch ansteuerbar, und umfasst besonders vorteilhaft eine elektrorheologische oder magnetorheologische Flüssigkeit, deren Viskosität elektrostatisch oder elektromagnetisch veränderbar ist, sodass die Dämpfung über elektrische Signale sehr schnell veränderbar ist. Die Dämpfungsvorrichtung kann jedoch auch auf einem anderen Prinzip beruhen und beispielsweise als Elektromagnet ausgestaltet sein.In a further advantageous embodiment, the drive device comprises a controllable damping device to the speed of the Abhebegreifers and in particular the location of the To influence reduced speed such that the closing member impinges when closing at low speed on the suction valve, so that the closing member thus "gently" touches down on the suction valve and this closes. The damping device is particularly advantageously electrically controllable, and particularly advantageously comprises an electrorheological or magnetorheological fluid whose viscosity can be changed electrostatically or electromagnetically, so that the damping via electrical signals can be changed very quickly. However, the damping device can also be based on another principle and be configured for example as an electromagnet.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend mit Hilfe von AusfĂĽhrungsbeispielen im Detail beschrieben.The invention will be described in detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments.
Die zur Erläuterung der Ausführungsbeispiele verwendeten Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Längsschnitt durch ein ansteuerbares Ventil;
- Fig. 2
- ein Beispiel der Bewegung des Abhebegreifers, des Schliessorgans des Saugventils sowie der Geschwindigkeit des Abhebegreifers in Funktion des Kurbelwinkels;
- Fig. 3
- der Verlauf des Drucks im Verdichtungsraum des Hubkolbenkompressors bei unterschiedlichen Betriebsverfahren;
- Fig. 4
- der Verlauf des Ventilhubs des Saugventils und des Druckventils bei den in
dargestellten Betriebsverfahren;Figur 3 - Fig. 5
- ein Lastverlauf in einem PV-Diagramm bei unterschiedlichen Betriebsverfahren;
- Fig. 6
- charakteristische Grössen des Ventils in Funktion des Kurbelwinkels;
- Fig. 7
- schematisch ein Hubkolben-Kompressor;
- Fig. 8
- schematisch eine Steuereinrichtung zum Betätigen des auf das Saugventil wirkenden Greifers;
- Fig. 9
- schematisch eine weitere Steuereinrichtung zum Betätigen des auf das Saugventil wirkenden Greifers.
- Fig. 1
- a longitudinal section through a controllable valve;
- Fig. 2
- an example of the movement of the Abhebegreifers, the closing of the suction valve and the speed of the lift-off gripper as a function of the crank angle;
- Fig. 3
- the course of the pressure in the compression chamber of the reciprocating compressor with different operating methods;
- Fig. 4
- the course of the valve lift of the suction valve and the pressure valve at the in
FIG. 3 illustrated operating procedures; - Fig. 5
- a load curve in a PV diagram with different operating methods;
- Fig. 6
- characteristic values of the valve as a function of the crank angle;
- Fig. 7
- schematically a reciprocating compressor;
- Fig. 8
- schematically a control device for actuating the force acting on the suction valve gripper;
- Fig. 9
- schematically another control device for actuating the force acting on the suction valve gripper.
Grundsätzlich sind in den Zeichnungen gleiche Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Basically, the same parts are given the same reference numerals in the drawings.
Das in
Die Bewegung des Schliessorgans 5b wird ĂĽber die Antriebsvorrichtung, im dargestellten AusfĂĽhrungsbeispiel ĂĽber den Elektromagnet 2a und die Verbindungsstange 7 im Teilabschnitt K2 derart beeinflusst, dass der Abhebegreifer 6 in Funktion des Kurbelkreises den in
Das Ventil 1 kann auch mit dem Verfahren der Aussetzregelung betrieben werden. Bei der Aussetzregelung wird der Abhebegreifer 6 derart verfahren, dass dieser während eines ganzen Zyklus des Kurbelkreises das Schliessen des Schliessorgans 5b verhindert, vorzugsweise dadurch, dass der Abhebegreifer 6 während dem ganzen Zyklus am Schliessorgan 5b anliegt, sodass dieses über den ganzen Zyklus geöffnet bleibt.The
Bei der Aussetzregelung wird somit während eines gesamten Arbeitstakts das Saugventil 5 offen gehalten. Dadurch wird während der Kompressionsphase das angesaugte Gas zurück in die Saugleitung gedrückt und steht somit der Verdichtung und dem Weitertransport in die Druckleitung nicht zur Verfügung. Der Verdichtungsraum fördert kein Gas. Wird die Aussetzregelung deaktiviert fördert der Verdichtungsraum wieder den vollen Fluidstrom.In the Aussetzregelung thus the
Bei der stufenlosen Rückstromregelung hingegen wird nur zu Beginn der Kompressionsphase das Schliessorgan 5b des Saugventils 5 aufgedrückt. Dadurch wird ein Teil des Gases zurück in die Saugleitung gedrückt. Schliesst das Saugventil 5, so kann das verbliebene Gas im Verdichtungsraum komprimiert werden und durch das Druckventil in die Druckleitung gepresst werden. Der Verdichtungsraum fördert nur einen Teil des maximal möglichen Gasstroms.In contrast, in the continuously variable backflow control, the
Beide Verfahren verwenden den Abhebegreifer 6 um das Dichtelement 5b des Ventils 5, zum Beispiel ein Platten-, Ring- oder Poppetventil, gegen den Ventilfänger 5c und somit in die offene Stellung zu drücken. Da bei der stufenlosen Rückstromregelung der Abhebegreifer 6 in einem Arbeitszyklus von der geschlossenen in die offene Stellung und wieder zurück bewegt werden muss, und da bei der Aussetzregelung für dieselbe Bewegungsabfolge eine längere Zeit zu Verfügung steht, sind die Leistungsaufnahme, die benötigten Kräfte, die Verfahrgeschwindigkeiten und die Beanspruchung der verwendeten Bauteile bei der stufenlosen Rückstromregelung höher.Both methods use the lift-off
Die Fördermenge eines Hubkolbenkompressors kann nun, wie in
Das Ventil könnte beispielsweise derart angesteuert werden, dass unterschiedliche Fördermengen derart geregelt werden, dass das Saugventil 5 bei grossen Förderstrommengen während gewisser Zyklen selbsttätig betrieben wird, und während gewisser Zyklen gemäss der stufenlosen Rückstromregelung betrieben wird,
dass das Saugventil 5 bei mittleren Fördermengen während jedem Zyklus gemäss der stufenlosen Rückstromregelung betrieben wird, und dass das Saugventil 5 bei kleinen Fördermengen während gewisser Zyklen ständig offengehalten wird, und während gewisser Zyklen gemäss der stufenlosen Rückstromregelung betrieben wird.The valve could for example be controlled such that different flow rates are controlled so that the
that the
Die Öffnungsdauer des selbsttätigen Druckventils 8 wird durch den Winkelbereich bestimmt, während welchem der Druck im Verdichtungsraum 4c über dem Öffnungsdruck des Druckventils 8 liegt, im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäss
Ein Kompressor kann derart ausgestaltet sein, dass dieser wie in
Die Öffnungszeit des Druckventils 8 kann zum Beispiel über eine Messung des Druckes im Verdichtungsraum und Vergleich mit dem Enddruck bestimmt werden, oder bei Kenntnis der Betriebsfälle des Kompressors über eine vorhergehende, respektive simultane Berechnung der maximalen Öffnungszeit des Saugventils über den UmkehrPunkt der Bewegung des Kolbens, damit die minimale Öffnungszeit des Druckventils nicht unterschritten wird.The opening time of the
Die
Die Fluid leitende Verbindung 2u sowie die elektrisch ansteuerbare Dämpfung 2v könnte auch an der Dämpfungsvorrichtung 2o oder innerhalb der Dämpfungsvorrichtung 2o angeordnet sein, insbesondere auch am Kolben 2r, indem der Kolben 2r beispielsweise eine Fluid leitende Verbindung zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Innenraum 2q, 2s aufweist.The fluid-conducting
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung besteht das Fluid der Dämpfungsvorrichtung 2o zumindest teilweise aus einer elektrorheologischen oder magnetorheologischen Flüssigkeit. Solche Flüssigkeiten haben die Eigenschaft, dass deren Viskosität elektrisch ansteuerbar ist, sodass mit derartigen Flüssigkeiten eine.elektrisch ansteuerbare Drosselstrecke ausgestaltet werden kann. Eine derartige Drosselstrecke weist den Vorteil auf, dass die Viskosität in einem grossen Bereich verändert werden kann, und dass die Viskosität mit Hilfe des elektrischen Signals sehr schnell verändert werden kann. Die Dämpfungseigenschaften einer solchen Dämpfungsvorrichtung 2o sind dadurch sehr schnell veränderbar, sodass die Bewegung des Kolbens 2r und damit die Bewegung der Verbindungsstange 7, des Greifers 6 und letztendlich der Ventilplatte 5b derart gedämpft werden kann beziehungsweise ansteuerbar und regelbar ist, das die Ventilplatte 5b bezüglich zurückgelegtem Weg und Geschwindigkeit ein "sanftes Landen" ausführt.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the fluid of the damping device 2o at least partially consists of an electrorheological or magnetorheological fluid. Such liquids have the property that their viscosity is electrically controllable, so that with such liquids ein.elektrisch controllable throttle section can be configured. Such a throttle section has the advantage that the viscosity can be varied within a wide range, and that the viscosity can be changed very quickly with the aid of the electrical signal. The damping properties of such a damping device 2o are characterized very quickly changed, so that the movement of the
Dämpfungsvorrichtungen umfassend eine elektrorheologische oder magnetorheologische Flüssigkeit sind beispielsweise aus der Druckschrift
Der Linearantrieb 2w kann beispielsweise als hydraulischer oder pneumatischer Antrieb, als elektromagnetischer Antrieb, als Linearmotor oder als Elektromotor mit Ăśbersetzung ausgestaltet sein.The
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung könnte die Dämpfungsvorrichtung 2o auch derart ausgestaltet sein, dass die von der Dämpfungsvorrichtung 2o auf das Schliessorgan 5b abgegebene Bremsenergie zurückgewonnen werden kann. Die Dämpfungsvorrichtung 2o könnte beispielsweise als eine Wirbelstrombremse ausgestaltet ist. Die Dämpfungseigenschaften einer solchen Wirbelstrombremse könnten zudem elektrisch ansteuerbar sein. In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die Dämpfungsvorrichtung 2o somit als ansteuerbare Wirbelstrombremse ausgestaltet, welche einerseits ein Ansteuern der Dämpfungseigenschaften erlaubt und welche andererseits eine Energierückgewinnung erlaubt, wobei bei der Energierückgewinnung vorzugsweise elektrische Energie erzeugt wird. Da der Abhebegreifer 6 während der Rückstromregelung sehr schnell und sehr häufig betätigt wird, ist eine Dämpfungsvorrichtung 2o mit Energierückgewinnung besonders vorteilhaft um die gesamte erforderliche Energie zum Betrieb des Saugventils 5 beziehungsweise zum Betrieb des Abhebegreifers 6 zu reduzieren. Vorteilhafterweise wird zudem die während dem Betrieb auftretende Erwärmung reduziert.In a further advantageous embodiment, the damping device 2o could also be configured such that the braking energy output by the damping device 20o to the closing
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung umfasst die Steuereinrichtung 2 eine adaptive Vorsteuerung, mit welcher der Hub A und die Geschwindigkeit C des Abhebegreifers 6 geregelt werden.In an advantageous embodiment, the
Claims (15)
- Method for delivery quantity control of a reciprocating compressor, in which the movement of a closing body (5b) of a self-acting intake valve (5) is influenced during at least part of a cycle of crank rotation by an unloader (6) driven by a control device (2), wherein the method comprises a continuously variable backflow regulation, in which the unloader (6) lies against the closing body (5b) during a first section (K1) of the cycle of crank rotation and prevents its closure, and in which the unloader (6) is driven back during a second section (K2) of the cycle of crank rotation and the closing body (5b) is closed, wherein the unloader (6) is driven back in such a way that the speed of the moving closing body (5b) is reduced prior to its seating on the intake valve (5), characterised in that, after the seating of the closing body (5b), during a third section (k3) of the crank rotation, the control device (2) once again accelerates the unloader (6) and then brings it to rest, in order to distance the unloader (6) from the closing body (5b) and to bring the unloader (6) to an end position.
- Method for delivery quantity regulation according to claim 1, characterised in that the method comprises a skip regulation, in which the unloader (6) prevents closure of the closing body (5b) during a whole cycle of crank rotation, wherein the delivery quantity is regulated by at least a combination of continuously variable backflow regulation and skip regulation.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, during seating on the intake valve (5), the speed of the closing body (5b) falls below a permitted impingement speed, and that this is less than 0.1 m/s.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, after the seating of the closing body (5b), the control device (2) moves the unloader (6) still further and then brings it to rest, in order to distance the unloader (6) from the closing body (5b) and to bring the unloader (6) to an end position.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, the control device (2) comprises an adaptive pre-control with which the stroke (A) and the speed (C) of the unloader (6) are regulated.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, the intake valve (5) is influenced by the control device (2) and the unloader (6) in such a way that a closing body (8b) of a pressure valve (8) of the reciprocating compressor is opened during at least a predetermined total opening angle (Kv) of a crank rotation.
- Method according to claim 6, characterised in that, the predetermined total opening angle (Kv) is at least 10°, and preferably lies at least in the range between 20° and 30°.
- Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that, the intake valve (5) is influenced by the control device (2) and the unloader (6) in such a way that a closing body (8b) of a pressure valve (8) of the reciprocating compressor is opened at least during a predetermined angular range (Δ) of a crank rotation before the upper, respectively lower dead centre (OTP, UTP).
- Method according to claim 8, characterised in that, the predetermined angular range (Δ) is at least 10°, and preferably lies at least in the range between 20° and 30°.
- Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, various delivery quantities are regulated in such a way, that, for large delivery streams, the intake valve (5) is automatically driven during certain cycles and is driven with constantly variable backflow regulation during certain cycles; that, that, for middle-sized delivery quantities, the intake valve (5) is driven during every cycle with constantly variable backflow regulation; and that, for small delivery quantities, the intake valve (5) is constantly held open during certain cycles under skip regulation, and driven with constantly variable backflow regulation during certain cycles.
- Reciprocating compressor with delivery quantity regulation, in particular with constantly variable delivery quantity regulation, with an unloader (6) arranged on at least one self-acting intake valve (5) of the compressor, with a control device (2) for driving the unloader (6), as well as with a closing body (5b) of the intake valve (5), wherein the unloader (6) acts on the closing body (5b) in such a way that the intake valve (5) is opened over a controllable part of the working stroke of the compressor, wherein the control device (2) comprises a drive mechanism (2n) which acts via a connection means (7) on the unloader (6), wherein the control device (2) comprises a constantly variable backflow regulation, which is configured such that the unloader (6) lies against the closing body (5b) during a first section (K1) of the cycle of crank rotation and prevents its shutting, and in which the unloader (6) returns during a second section (K2) of the cycle of crank rotation such that the closing body (5b) shuts, and wherein the control device (2) preferably comprises a skip regulation, in which the unloader (6) prevents the shutting of the closing body (5b) during a complete cycle of crank rotation, and wherein the control device (2) is configured to steer drive mechanism (2n) and thereby the unloader (6) in such a way that the speed of the closing body (5b) is reduced prior to its seating on the intake valve (5), in order to seat the closing body (5b) gently on the intake valve (5), characterised in that the control device (2) is configured such that the unloader (6) after the seating of the closing body (5b), during a third section (K3), once again accelerates and then comes to rest, in order to distance the unloader (6) from the closing body (5b) and to bring the unloader (6) to an end position.
- Compressor according to claim 11, characterised in that, the control device (2) comprises a mechanism for measuring and/or calculating the pressure progression (P) in the compression space of the reciprocating compressor, and that the control device (2) is configured such that it drives the closing body (5b) via the unloader (6) in free-running mode or with backflow regulation or with skip regulation, in order to open the pressure valve (8) automatically during a total opening angle (Kv).
- Compressor according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that, the control device (2) comprises a displacement sensor (2h), which captures the displacement of the drive mechanism (2n) and/or of the unloader (6) and/or of the closing body (5b).
- Compressor according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterised in that, the drive mechanism (2n) is in the form of an electromagnet (2a) with solenoid, with a movable magnet anchor (2b) and a fixedly arranged magnet core (2c) with magnet coil (2d), wherein the connection means (7) is fixedly connected with the magnet anchor (2b), and wherein the magnet anchor (2b) is mounted so as to be movable in the direction of extension of the connection medium (7).
- Compressor according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterised in that, the drive mechanism (2n) comprises a steerable damping mechanism (2o), for damping the speed of the unloader (6), wherein the damping mechanism (2o) is in particular electrically steerable, and wherein the damping mechanism (2o) comprises in particular an electrorheological or magnetorheological liquid.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP10744544.7A EP2456978B1 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2010-07-21 | Method for controlling delivery quantity and reciprocating compressor having delivery quantity control |
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EP2009059528 | 2009-07-23 | ||
EP10744544.7A EP2456978B1 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2010-07-21 | Method for controlling delivery quantity and reciprocating compressor having delivery quantity control |
PCT/EP2010/060550 WO2011009880A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2010-07-21 | Method for controlling delivery quantity and reciprocating compressor having delivery quantity control |
Publications (2)
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EP2456978A1 EP2456978A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
EP2456978B1 true EP2456978B1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
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EP10744544.7A Active EP2456978B1 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2010-07-21 | Method for controlling delivery quantity and reciprocating compressor having delivery quantity control |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT522973A4 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-04-15 | Hoerbiger Wien Gmbh | Electromagnetic actuator |
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US4930463A (en) | 1989-04-18 | 1990-06-05 | Hare Sr Nicholas S | Electro-rheological valve control mechanism |
US5988985A (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1999-11-23 | Hoerbiger Ventilwerke Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for controlling compressor valves in a piston compressor |
WO2008000698A2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2008-01-03 | Dott. Ing. Mario Cozzani S.R.L. | Equipment for continuous regulation of the flow rate of reciprocating compressors |
EP2281119A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2011-02-09 | Dott. Ing. Mario Cozzani S.r.l. | Method for controlling the position of an electromechanical actuator for reciprocating compressor valves |
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2010
- 2010-07-21 EP EP10744544.7A patent/EP2456978B1/en active Active
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US4930463A (en) | 1989-04-18 | 1990-06-05 | Hare Sr Nicholas S | Electro-rheological valve control mechanism |
US5988985A (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1999-11-23 | Hoerbiger Ventilwerke Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for controlling compressor valves in a piston compressor |
WO2008000698A2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2008-01-03 | Dott. Ing. Mario Cozzani S.R.L. | Equipment for continuous regulation of the flow rate of reciprocating compressors |
EP2281119A1 (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2011-02-09 | Dott. Ing. Mario Cozzani S.r.l. | Method for controlling the position of an electromechanical actuator for reciprocating compressor valves |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT522973A4 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-04-15 | Hoerbiger Wien Gmbh | Electromagnetic actuator |
AT522973B1 (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-04-15 | Hoerbiger Wien Gmbh | Electromagnetic actuator |
US11879448B2 (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2024-01-23 | Hoerbiger Wien Gmbh | Electromagnetic actuator |
Also Published As
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EP2456978A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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