EP2503799A1 - Procédé et système de calcul de fonctions HRTF par synthèse locale virtuelle de champ sonore - Google Patents

Procédé et système de calcul de fonctions HRTF par synthèse locale virtuelle de champ sonore Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2503799A1
EP2503799A1 EP11159001A EP11159001A EP2503799A1 EP 2503799 A1 EP2503799 A1 EP 2503799A1 EP 11159001 A EP11159001 A EP 11159001A EP 11159001 A EP11159001 A EP 11159001A EP 2503799 A1 EP2503799 A1 EP 2503799A1
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Prior art keywords
source
outer ear
transmission functions
virtual
pair
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EP11159001A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2503799B1 (fr
Inventor
Jens Ahrens
Sascha Spors
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Deutsche Telekom AG
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Technische Universitaet Berlin
Deutsche Telekom AG
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Priority to ES11159001T priority patent/ES2812503T3/es
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
    • H04S7/302—Electronic adaptation of stereophonic sound system to listener position or orientation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2420/01—Enhancing the perception of the sound image or of the spatial distribution using head related transfer functions [HRTF's] or equivalents thereof, e.g. interaural time difference [ITD] or interaural level difference [ILD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2420/11—Application of ambisonics in stereophonic audio systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2420/13—Application of wave-field synthesis in stereophonic audio systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
    • H04S7/302—Electronic adaptation of stereophonic sound system to listener position or orientation
    • H04S7/303—Tracking of listener position or orientation
    • H04S7/304—For headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
    • H04S7/305—Electronic adaptation of stereophonic audio signals to reverberation of the listening space

Definitions

  • the claimed invention relates to a method and system for calculating synthetic outer ear transmission functions by virtual sound field synthesis, preferably local sound field synthesis.
  • the invention more particularly relates to such a method and system for use in dynamic virtual binaural auditory environments.
  • the spatial auditory perception of humans is essentially based on the evaluation of the differences between the acoustic signals of both ears.
  • the differences arise, among other things, from the acoustic properties of the outer ears with respect to a given source location.
  • the outer ears essentially comprise the upper body, head and ears.
  • the signal from an acoustic source is modified by reflection, diffraction and refraction at the outer ear.
  • the acoustic properties of the outer ears can be well characterized by measuring the transmission path from a source to the ear canals.
  • the transfer function is usually measured from a loudspeaker to microphones placed in the ear canals.
  • These transfer functions are referred to as outer-ear transfer functions ("Head-Related Transfer Function (s)"). They play an important role in the study of human hearing and virtual acoustics.
  • the outer ear transmission functions are different from person to person. Furthermore, they depend on the position and characteristics of the source used for the measurement.
  • the measurement of the outer ear transmission functions is usually carried out by means of one or more loudspeaker (s). These are typically centered on a circular path or spherical surface with the head. The measurements are then performed sequentially for each speaker position. This procedure results in a set of outer ear transfer functions for different angles at a fixed distance of the source. The measurements are typically performed for a fixed head. Current available data sets usually contain only a single source distance. Often this is measured in the range of 1.5-3 m from the center of the head. But these simple measurements for a distance are usually quite time and resource consuming. Of particular interest are short distances to the source (near field) because the outer ear transfer function significantly changes their properties here.
  • virtual sound sources can be generated by filtering a source signal x (t) with the left / right outer ear transmission function (H L and H R ) and presenting the filtered signals by means of headphones.
  • the outer ear transmission functions are thereby selected from a database according to the desired position of the virtual source. It is important to consider the current position of the head, eg by a head tracker, so that the virtual sources have a stable position in the room even when the head is rotated. Through so-called crosstalk compensation, the signals can also be reproduced by means of speakers.
  • the positions of the virtual sources are limited in principle to the positions that are available in the database of the external vehicle transmission functions. Due to the effort is usually measured only at a fixed distance but for a variety of angles on a circular path / spherical surface. In order to overcome the resulting limitations on the potential positions of virtual sound sources, a number of approaches have been developed to retroactively modify the measured distance (see section below). In addition to the binaural rendering described above, which is based on the use of external toll transfer functions, there are a number of speaker based approaches in virtual acoustics, which are briefly presented below.
  • Wave field synthesis allows the physical reconstruction of a sound field over a wide range. It can be used any convex or straight speaker arrangements, which need not necessarily be closed. In the potential listening area, eg within a loudspeaker arrangement, there is no pronounced "sweet spot" over the entire audible frequency range, where the reconstruction of the desired sound field is significantly more accurate than in the rest of the listening area. In practical realizations are great Deviations from the desired sound field over the entire potential listener area available.
  • the loudspeaker drive signals can be calculated analytically.
  • An essential feature of wave field synthesis is the ability to create so-called focused sources. This is the imitation of the sound field of a sound source located between the listener and the speakers. [5] concerns focused sound sources.
  • Ambisonics Another method of virtual acoustics is Ambisonics.
  • [3] relates to the traditional formulation of Ambisonics, which method requires circular or spherical arrangements of loudspeakers. With the help of numerical algorithms, the loudspeaker signals are generated, which lead to the reproduction of the desired sound field.
  • the limitation of the spatial bandwidth of the drive function necessary in the calculation path has the effect that the reconstruction of the desired sound field in the center of the loudspeaker arrangement is most accurate (“sweet spot"). The further the considered place is from the center, the larger the deviations become.
  • EP 2182744 relates to a method of ambisonics wherein sweet spots or the sweet area can be freely placed within a closed speaker assembly.
  • the loudspeaker drive signals can be calculated analytically.
  • the method is significantly more efficient than other approaches but limited to closed (eg, circular) arrangements.
  • the approach presented in [6] is based on the concept of spatially dense virtual secondary sources to improve the accuracy of the synthesis.
  • the virtual sources are realized by focused sound sources. This approach can be realized particularly efficiently by the wave field synthesis.
  • [11] relates to a method of virtual ambisonics in which a binaural representation of a higher order Ambisonics system is realized.
  • virtual speakers are binaurally reproduced by using the corresponding outer ear transmission functions.
  • the driving signals of the virtual speakers are calculated by Ambisonics of higher order.
  • the virtual loudspeakers and the virtual source are based on the simplified model of the plane wave.
  • the distance of a virtual source is realized by a simple time delay.
  • the method also includes a simple space model.
  • the synthesis of outer ear transfer functions is not considered here.
  • the model used for the virtual source does not allow physical consideration of the distance For example, by a curvature of the wavefronts and is therefore not well suited for the synthesis of close sources.
  • the known approaches for modifying the (perceived) source distance in outer ear transmission functions can be divided into three classes: (1) weighting of the amplitude, (2) modification of the frequency response, and (3) extrapolation of the measured data.
  • the respective outer ear transmission function is frequency independent weighted to model the increasing volume of a source with decreasing distance to the listener.
  • the spectral changes in the outer ear transfer functions, especially for near sources are ignored.
  • the second class of approaches exactly these spectral changes are modeled by suitable filters. For example, it is known that very close sources cause an increase in frequency response at low frequencies.
  • the first and second classes are generally based on psychoacoustic considerations, in contrast to the third class, which are based on physical considerations.
  • the third class of approaches is of particular interest. It is known from the underlying physical description of the sound propagation that the sound pressure and its gradient on the edge of a contour are sufficient to unambiguously determine the sound field within this contour. The method is called extrapolation of a sound field. This basic principle has been applied to the problem of generating synthetic outer ear transmission functions. Due to the underlying spherical geometry, it is advantageous to disassemble the sound fields with respect to so-called spherical harmonics. In [8,9] two methods are shown, which allow the extrapolation of measured outer ear transfer functions from one measured distance to another distance.
  • the methods have three major disadvantages: (i) Due to the physical model, the minimum distance of the virtual sources through the head and upper body of the listener is limited and (ii) the numerical complexity is relatively high and (iii) the method is inherently numerically unstable. This is especially true for near virtual sources.
  • the concept of the invention relates to the use of methods of sound field synthesis for the calculation or generation of synthetic outer ear transmission functions.
  • This calculation is made in accordance with an aspect of the invention by providing a database of pairs of outer ear transmission functions for a plurality of first source positions, each determining at least one pair of outer transmission functions for a first source position by a measurement. Each of these pairs of outer ear transmission functions is interpreted as a virtual speaker at the corresponding first source position. Using the virtual speakers, a method of sound field synthesis for at least one virtual sound source at another source position computes at least one pair of synthetic outer ear transmission functions.
  • the virtual speakers can be used as elementary sound sources for generating any sound field by a method of wave field synthesis.
  • the drive signals for the virtual loudspeakers with respect to magnitude and phase can be calculated such that a weighted superposition of the elementary sound field produced by each virtual loudspeaker yields the desired sound field in its entirety.
  • the desired sound field here is a sound field that results from any virtual sound source that may be placed anywhere in the room. This makes it possible to synthesize a transfer function corresponding to the sound propagation from any virtual sound source. It is therefore a synthetic outer ear transfer function.
  • the calculation method can be used to create a database of afore-calculated synthetic outer ear transmission functions for a variety of positions of the virtual sound source. Such a database can be used to model any sound world.
  • a space model that simulates propagation paths and properties.
  • at least one mirror source is synthesized which belongs to a virtual sound source.
  • a method for normal sound field synthesis can be used.
  • the calculation can be carried out by virtual local sound field synthesis or other wave field synthesis methods.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a system for performing a method for computing the generation of synthetic outer ear transmission functions.
  • External ear transmission functions characterize the sound propagation from the sound source used in the measurement to the ears of the listener. If an entire data set of outer ear transfer function is now measured for a multiplicity of possible source positions, these source positions can be interpreted as virtual loudspeakers. The weighted superposition of the loudspeaker signals then simulates the influence of the entire ensemble of these virtual loudspeakers on the ear of the listener. If one now controls these virtual speakers with a method of sound field synthesis, the ear signals can be synthesized for virtually any virtual source positions. Head turns can be accounted for by dynamically exchanging the outer ear transfer functions used.
  • outer ear transmission functions can be interpolated and extrapolated, and data sets of synthetic outer ear transmission functions can be provided at different distances from the source than those present in the measurement.
  • the synthetic outer ear transfer functions for complex source models can be calculated from simple source measurements.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation for the measurement of a left and right outer ear transfer function shown (left half of FIG. 1 ) and a block diagram for the use of these outer ear transfer functions for virtual acoustics (right half of FIG. 1 ).
  • a loudspeaker located at a certain source position is used, this loudspeaker emitting a source signal x (t).
  • the propagating sound waves are shown schematically and reach the left and right ear of a listener, which is positioned in the room in a certain relative position to the speaker.
  • the relative position can be described by a specific distance between the loudspeaker and the position of the listener and a specific direction with respect to a spatial coordinate system.
  • the relative Position information about the rotational position of the head of the listener relative to the spatial coordinate system include.
  • the measurement uses microphones that are placed at the left ear or right ear position of the listener.
  • the signal X L (t) detected by the microphone at the position of the left ear is determined by a transfer function h L (t).
  • the signal X R (t) recorded with the right microphone at the position of the right ear of the listener is determined by the transfer function h R (t).
  • This measurement can be performed for a variety of first source positions.
  • a speaker at first source positions on a circular contour 7 as in FIG. 2 be arranged shown.
  • the loudspeaker is successively arranged at each of the first source positions and the measurement is carried out and the respective transfer functions are stored with the information about the respective source position and the rotational position of the head in a database.
  • a plurality of loudspeakers arranged in a space at respectively associated first source positions may be employed.
  • the individual loudspeakers can be operated in succession and the respective source signal x (t) can be emitted and transmitted by sound propagation to the handset present in the room.
  • the measured outer ear transmission functions from first source positions used for the calculation of synthetic outer ear transmission functions are provided in a database.
  • virtual sound sources can be generated by filtering a source signal x (t) with the left / right outer ear transfer function (H L ( ⁇ ) and H R ( ⁇ ) and presentation of the filtered signals by headphones.)
  • an input signal x Depending on the position of the virtual source and the position of the head of the listener, the corresponding outer ear transmission functions are transferred from one HRTF database to the filter devices for the left one (s) corresponding to a particular source signal via two feeders
  • the left-ear filter device is adapted to emulate the left-ear transmission functions H L ( ⁇ ).
  • the right-ear filter device is adapted to the right ear External ear transmission functions for the right ear H R ( ⁇ ) established.
  • the input signal is filtered with the left / right filter unit and directed
  • FIG. 2 One embodiment for calculating synthetic outer ear transmission functions is in FIG FIG. 2 shown.
  • control signals 5 for the reproduction of the virtual sound source 8 by the virtual loudspeakers 6 in the local area are calculated by an algorithm of the sound field synthesis 2, preferably a local sound field synthesis.
  • the virtual speakers 6 are arranged in this example on a circular contour 7, wherein all speakers are directed in the middle of a circle, where schematically a local area 14 is shown in the middle. In the local area 14 is a listener.
  • the source type 3 and the source position 4 and, if necessary, the position of the local area 14 are used as additional information.
  • Ears are characterized by a left / right outer ear transmission function 10,11. External ear transfer function databases are typically measured on circular / spherical contours 7. The left / right ear signal for the virtual sound source 8 is obtained by the superposition of all the virtual speaker signals 5 filtered with the respective outer ear transmission function 12, 13. Head turns and position changes of the listener may be accounted for by the dynamic replacement of the outer ear transmission functions 12, 13.
  • databases of synthetic outer ear transmission functions can also be calculated.
  • an impulse is taken as the source signal 1 of a virtual source and the total impulse response is calculated from the virtual sound source 8 to the ears.
  • a synthetic data set of outer ear transmission functions can be calculated.
  • suitable methods of sound field synthesis are, based on the underlying circular / spherical geometry of measured outer ear transmission functions, for example wave field synthesis and ambisonics of higher order.
  • both methods assume a spatially continuous distribution of Speakers (secondary sources) off.
  • the outer ear transfer functions are only available at spatially discrete positions. This leads to artifacts in the synthesized ear signals and the synthesized outer ear transmission functions due to spatial discretization. This is the case even if the outer ear transmission functions are relatively finely scanned.
  • artifacts occur in a synthetic outer ear transmission function from a frequency of about 10 kHz when the used external transmission functions were measured in 1 degree increments at a distance of the source used in the measurement of 2-3 meters. This will be explained below with reference to FIG. 5 explained in more detail.
  • One embodiment of the invention is based on the use of local sound field synthesis for the calculation of synthetic ear signals or outer ear transmission functions in order to avoid or reduce the artifacts of spatial discretization.
  • Local sound field synthesis allows a region of higher accuracy to be placed around the listener's head. This will reduce artifacts for better results. This will be explained below with reference to FIG. 6 explained.
  • any algorithm can be used for local sound field synthesis, as found in various preferred Ausumngsformen in EP 2182744 , [6] and [7] algorithms described application.
  • the in EP 2182744 and [6] described algorithms for local sound field synthesis are advantageous because of the underlying geometry of typical data sets of outer ear transmission functions.
  • a dynamic binaural synthesis, head orientation, and taken into account realized.
  • Dynamic tracking is a key factor in the quality of virtual acoustic environments.
  • the advantage of this embodiment lies in an efficient consideration of the listener position compared to solutions, where only the orientation of the head is taken into account. Considering the head position would require a database of outer ear transmission functions measured for many nearby source locations.
  • the method can be supplemented by the simulation of a room model.
  • the high resolution mirror sources associated with the virtual source may be synthesized using local sound field synthesis.
  • the present invention enables efficient consideration of the listener position.
  • the virtual source in addition to the typical point source model, is also modeled as a complex directional source, preferably with the method described in [12]. Again, the combination with the local sound field synthesis offers a significant advantage, since the desired directional characteristic is not distorted by the artifacts of the spatial sampling.
  • a preferred embodiment inherently involves interpolation of the outer ear transmission functions with respect to the angle.
  • the position of the virtual source can be arbitrarily selected with respect to the angular resolution. This allows interpolation of a measured data set.
  • the data set of outer ear transfer functions used is measured not only on a circular or spherical contour, but on a contour of any shape.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is the efficient measurement of outer ohm transfer functions without geometric constraints.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the processing steps. From the source signal 31, which is generally a Dirac pulse for the calculation of synthetic outer ear transmission functions, 35 signals 44 for the virtual secondary sources are generated by wave field synthesis. As additional information, the source model 32, the positions 33 and emission directions 34 of the virtual secondary sources are used for this purpose. The virtual secondary sources are realized by focused sources again by the wave field synthesis.
  • the source signal 31 which is generally a Dirac pulse for the calculation of synthetic outer ear transmission functions
  • 35 signals 44 for the virtual secondary sources are generated by wave field synthesis.
  • the source model 32, the positions 33 and emission directions 34 of the virtual secondary sources are used for this purpose.
  • the virtual secondary sources are realized by focused sources again by the wave field synthesis.
  • the signals 45 for the secondary sources are calculated for each of the signals 44 by means of acoustic focusing 40.
  • the positions 36 and emission directions 37 of the virtual secondary sources, as well as the positions 38 and emission directions 39 of the secondary sources are used.
  • the signals from the secondary sources 45 are then filtered with the data set of the outer ear transfer functions 41 and then summed up. This is done separately with the left / right outer ear transfer functions and then results in the left / right synthetic outer ear transfer function 42/43.
  • a data set of outer ear transmission functions can be calculated.
  • FIG. 4 a diagram is shown corresponding to a measured set of left outer ear transfer functions.
  • the sound source had a distance of 2.5 m and 288 angular steps were measured on a full circle. Shown is the measured head related transfer function (HRTF). Along the abscissa the angle is plotted in degrees. Along the ordinate, the time is plotted in seconds.
  • HRTF head related transfer function
  • FIG. 5 Figure 12 is a diagram corresponding to the database of synthetic left outer ear transfer functions calculated by wave field synthesis. Shown is the calculated binaural room impulse response (BRIR, binaural room impulse response). The abscissa represents the angle in degrees and the ordinate the time in seconds. The calculation by wave field synthesis was made for a distance of the virtual source of three meters from the listener. The results shown by using Wave Field Synthesis to compute a data set of synthetic outer ear transmission functions are shown here. The spatial sampling artifacts are clearly visible as extra wavefronts after the first wavefront.
  • BRIR binaural room impulse response
  • FIG. 6 shows a diagram with a database of synthetic left outer ear transmission functions, which were calculated by local wave field synthesis. Again, the calculation was made for a distance of the virtual source of three meters. FIG. 6 thus shows the same situation as FIG. 5 however, local wave field synthesis was used to calculate the synthetic outer ear transmission functions. The zone of increased accuracy was chosen as a circle with a radius of 30 cm around the head. It can be clearly seen that the artifacts of spatial scanning compared to FIG. 5 are no longer available or are significantly reduced.

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EP11159001.4A 2011-03-21 2011-03-21 Procédé et système de calcul de fonctions HRTF par synthèse locale virtuelle de champ sonore Active EP2503799B1 (fr)

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EP11159001.4A EP2503799B1 (fr) 2011-03-21 2011-03-21 Procédé et système de calcul de fonctions HRTF par synthèse locale virtuelle de champ sonore
ES11159001T ES2812503T3 (es) 2011-03-21 2011-03-21 Método y sistema para el cálculo de funciones de transmisión de oído externo sintéticas mediante síntesis de campo acústico virtual

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Cited By (1)

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US10382880B2 (en) 2014-01-03 2019-08-13 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Methods and systems for designing and applying numerically optimized binaural room impulse responses

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US10382880B2 (en) 2014-01-03 2019-08-13 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Methods and systems for designing and applying numerically optimized binaural room impulse responses
US10547963B2 (en) 2014-01-03 2020-01-28 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Methods and systems for designing and applying numerically optimized binaural room impulse responses
US10834519B2 (en) 2014-01-03 2020-11-10 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Methods and systems for designing and applying numerically optimized binaural room impulse responses
US11272311B2 (en) 2014-01-03 2022-03-08 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Methods and systems for designing and applying numerically optimized binaural room impulse responses
US11576004B2 (en) 2014-01-03 2023-02-07 Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation Methods and systems for designing and applying numerically optimized binaural room impulse responses

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