EP2500515A1 - Combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The internal combustion engine has a piston rod (6), which is connected at both ends with respective piston-cylinder units (3,4,17,18). A coupling part (7) is arranged on the rotor (10) having a rotor or driving shaft (9). The conversion elements (8,22) are provided for converting the reciprocating motion of the piston rod and the coupling part into a rotational movement the rotor and the rotor shaft.

Description

The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine.

The invention relates to engine construction, and more particularly relates to reciprocating internal combustion engines.

The prototype of the proposed engine is the piston internal combustion engine, which according to German patent application no. 2618556 of April 28, 1976 , Class F 01 B 3/02 is known.

1. 1* Ein Kraftstoffsystem (Speisesystem), das die Aufbereitung des Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemischs außerhalb der Zylinder gewährleistet.
2. 2* Ein Zündsystem, das die aufeinanderfolgende Entzündung des verdichteten Arbeitsgemischs in den Zylindern der rechten und der linken Gruppe entsprechend der Arbeitsreihenfolge und Arbeitsweise des Motors gewährleistet.
3. 3* Ein Schmiersystem für Viertaktmotoren.
4. 4* Ein Flüssigkeitskühlsystem.
5. 5* Eine Gaswechselsteuerung durch Ventile.
6. 6* Ein hin - und hergehender Mechanismus, der enthält:
   • 6*a einen trennbaren Motorblock zylindrischer Form,
   • 6*b zwei koaxiale Zylindergruppen, die am Kreisumfang innerhalb des trennbaren zylindrischen Blocks angeordnet sind,
   • 6*c eine Rotorwelle mit Lagern innerhalb des zylindrischen Blocks,
   • 6*d einen runden geneigten Rotor innerhalb des Blocks, der enthält:
   • 6*.1d zwei geneigte Stirnflächen,
   • 6*e hin- und herschwingende Kupplungen, die enthalten:
   • 6*1e innere Stirnbuchsen für die Kugellager,
   • 6*.2d Kreuzkopfgleitführungen,
   • 6*f koaxiale Kolben, die über Kolbenstangen und hin-und herschwingende Kupplungen miteinander verbunden sind,
   • 6*g Kugellager.

Features that characterize the prototype are:

1. 1 * A fuel system (feed system) that ensures the treatment of the fuel-air mixture outside the cylinders.
2. 2 * An ignition system which ensures the successive ignition of the compressed working mixture in the cylinders of the right and left group according to the working order and operation of the engine.
3. 3 * A lubrication system for four-stroke engines.
4. 4 * A liquid cooling system.
5. 5 * Gas exchange control by valves.
6. 6 * A reciprocating mechanism that includes:
   • 6 * a a separable engine block of cylindrical shape,
   • 6 * b two coaxial cylinder groups which are arranged on the circumference within the separable cylindrical block,
   • 6 * c a rotor shaft with bearings inside the cylindrical block,
   • 6 * d a round inclined rotor inside the block, which contains:
   • 6 * .1d two inclined faces,
   • 6 * e reciprocating couplings that contain:
   • 6 * 1e inner end bushings for the ball bearings,
   • 6 * .2d Phillips slides,
   • 6 * f coaxial pistons connected to each other by piston rods and reciprocating couplings,
   • 6 * g ball bearings.

1. 1. Die Kompliziertheit der Konstruktion des Motors,
2. 2. die geringe Zuverlässigkeit des hin- und hergehenden Mechanismus.

The prototype engine has the following disadvantages:

1. 1. The complexity of the construction of the engine,
2. 2. the low reliability of the reciprocating mechanism.

The liquid cooling system and the gas exchange control by valves complicate the design of the engine and reduce its efficiency, since the valve mechanism requires considerable energy for its drive and the liquid cooling system increases the heat losses at the time of engine warm-up. The significant radial and axial loads on the pistons and the crossheads of the reciprocating clutches, which arise in the course of the starting and running of the engine at the point contact of the ball bearings with the inclined surfaces of the rotor, and the rigid connection of the coaxial piston on the Piston rods and the reciprocating clutches inevitably lead to premature failure of the reciprocating mechanism.

All the above-mentioned disadvantages make this engine less efficient and unreliable.

From the DE 693 12 068 T2 For example, there is known a rotary power device which has a mechanism in which a reciprocating motion of a stator is converted into a rotary motion of a rotor. The disadvantage of this mechanism is that in this case the cylinder block with the individual cylinder-piston mechanisms is mounted on the rotor. Due to the considerable weight of this cylinder block, very large centrifugal forces arise, which can inevitably lead to stress on the damage of the ball-bearing mechanisms of the supporting or supporting shaft and the lateral rotor parts and of the stator. To avoid such damage, the individual components must be made very high quality, which leads to higher costs. Also, it comes during the idling of such a rotor to unnecessarily high fuel consumption, since the massive rotor must be driven.

The aim of the invention is to provide a powerful, economical piston engine of simplified construction with high reliability of the reciprocating mechanism.

This object is achieved with an internal combustion engine having the features of patent claim 1.

According to the invention, a reliable and effective internal combustion engine is provided. It is particularly advantageous that can be completely dispensed with a rotational movement of the at least one piston rod and the piston-cylinder mechanisms acting on these. All piston-cylinder mechanisms are thus static in terms of a stator an engine block can be arranged. The weight of the rotor can thus be minimized, which leads to a lower load, for example, the bearings used and to a lower fuel consumption, for example, at idle.

Advantageous embodiments of the internal combustion engine according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Conveniently, the rotor is cylindrical and has on its cylinder surface at least a sinusoidal track, which cooperates with at least one formed on the (also cylindrical) inside of the coupling part ball bearing mechanism. The provision of such a sinusoidal track with a ball bearing mechanism proves to be a very effective way to convert a reciprocating motion into a rotational motion.

It is particularly preferred that two, three or four piston rods are provided. This is a particularly uniform and thus the system overall little burdening distribution of forces available.

It is also preferred to provide two, three or four sinusoidal raceways which run parallel to one another on the cylinder jacket surface. With such a variety of sinusoidal tracks occurring forces are effectively distributed evenly.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the internal combustion engine according to the invention, it has a cylindrical, composed of two separable parts engine block, which is formed with slots in which arm-like extensions or plunger of the coupling part, which with the respective piston rods are connected, according to the movement of the piston rods are reciprocable. Such an engine block can be mounted and disassembled in a particularly simple manner, for example to wait for the rotor provided in the engine block. It is also particularly advantageous that all piston-cylinder mechanisms can be arranged with the respective piston rods outside of this assemblable engine block, whereby the maintenance is also simplified.

It is particularly preferred that two or four piston rods are arranged with corresponding piston-cylinder mechanisms around the outside of the cylindrical motor, in particular at equal angular intervals, for example in 180 ° or 90 ° intervals.

1. 1* Ein Kraftstoffsystem (Speisesystem), das die Aufbereitung des Arbeitsgemischs außerhalb der Zylinder gewährleistet.
2. 2* Ein Zündsystem, das die gleichzeitige Entzündung des verdichteten
   Arbeitsgemischs in allen Zylindern der rechten, und danach der linken
   Zylindergruppe gewährleistet.
3. 3* Ein Luftkühlsystem.
4. 4* Ein Schmiersystem für Zweitaktmotoren.
5. 5* Eine Schiebersteuerung.
6. 6* Ein hin- und hergehender Mechanismus, der enthält:
   • 6*a einen trennbaren Motorblock zylindrischer Form,
   • 6*b zwei koaxiale Zylindergruppen, die um die äußere Seitenfläche des zylindrischen Motorblocks angeordnet sind,
   • 6*c eine Rotorwelle mit Lagern innerhalb des zylindrischen Blocks,
   • 6*d einen Rotor zylindrischer Form innerhalb des Motorblocks, der enthält:
   • 6*d.1 sinusförmige Bahnen für die Kugellager, die den Rotor umgeben,
   • 6*e eine hin- und herschwingende Kupplung zylindrischer Form, die enthält:
     • 6*e.1 längsläufige Öffnungen für die Kugellager,
     • 6*e.2 Kreuzkopfgleitführungen,
     • 6*e.3 Stößel der Kupplung,
   • 6*f Gleitbuchsen der Kolbenstangen,
   • 6*g Kugellager.

The features that characterize the proposed internal combustion engine are in particular:

1. 1 * A fuel system (feed system) that ensures the treatment of the working mixture outside the cylinders.
2. 2 * An ignition system that is the simultaneous inflammation of the compressed
   Working mixture in all cylinders of the right, and then the left
   Cylinder group guaranteed.
3. 3 * An air cooling system.
4. 4 * A lubrication system for two-stroke engines.
5. 5 * One slider control.
6. 6 * A reciprocating mechanism that includes:
   • 6 * a a separable engine block of cylindrical shape,
   • 6 * b two coaxial cylinder groups that surround the outer side surface of the cylindrical Engine blocks are arranged
   • 6 * c a rotor shaft with bearings inside the cylindrical block,
   • 6 * d a rotor of cylindrical shape inside the engine block, which contains:
   • 6 * d.1 sinusoidal tracks for the ball bearings surrounding the rotor,
   • 6 * e a reciprocating coupling of cylindrical shape containing:
     • 6 * e.1 longitudinal openings for the ball bearings,
     • 6 * e.2 Phillips slides,
     • 6 * e.3 ram of the coupling,
   • 6 * f sliding bushings of the piston rods,
   • 6 * g ball bearings.

The features 1 *, 6 *, 6 * a, 6 * c, 6 * e.2, 6 * g are in common with the features of the prototype, but the features 2 *, 3 *, 4 *, 5 *, 6 * b, 6 * d, 6 * d.1, 6 * e, 6 * e.1, 6 * e.3, 6 * f are new distinguishing features and also essential, as it allows the use of precisely these features, the stated goal to reach.

On Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the engine shown.

On Fig. 2 is the view A of FIG. 1 shown. On Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the holder for fixing the coaxial cylinder pairs to the engine block, mounted with the pistons and cylinders shown.

On Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of the separable cylindrical engine block mounted with the

Rotor shaft, the rotor and the reciprocating clutch shown.

On Fig. 5 is the separable cylindrical engine block, mounted with the bearings of the engine shown.

On Fig. 6 is the view A of Fig. 5 shown.

On Fig. 7 is the top view of Fig. 5 shown.

On Fig. 8 the right part of the separable cylindrical engine block is shown.

On Fig. 9 is the view A of Fig. 8 shown.

On Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section of Fig. 8 shown.

On Fig. 11 the left part of the separable cylindrical engine block is shown.

On Fig. 12 is the view A of Fig. 11 shown.

On Fig. 13 is a longitudinal section of Fig. 11 shown.

On Fig. 14 is the cut BB of Fig. 11 shown.

On Fig. 15 the reciprocating clutch is shown.

On Fig. 16 is the view A of Fig. 15 shown.

On Fig. 17 the rotor is shown with the sinusoidal tracks for the ball bearings.

On Fig. 18 is the view A of Fig. 17 shown.

On Fig. 19 is a longitudinal section of Fig. 17 shown.

On Fig. 20 the rotor shaft is shown.

On Fig. 21 a piston rod is shown.

On Fig. 22 is a cross section AA of Fig. 21 shown.

On Fig. 23 the holder for mounting the coaxial cylinder pairs is shown on the engine block.

On Fig. 24 is the view A of Fig. 23 shown.

On Fig. 25 is the top view of Fig. 23 shown.

On Fig. 26 the housing of the piston rods is shown.

On Fig. 27 is a cross section AA of Fig. 26 shown.

The engine consists of a reciprocating mechanism and a gas exchange control as well as of the systems: fuel system (feed system), ignition system, cooling system and lubrication system.

The reciprocating mechanism is designed to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into a rotary motion of the shaft.
It consists of movable and immovable components. The moving parts include (s. Fig. 1 . 3, 4 ) the pistons 3, 4, the piston rings 5, the piston rods 6, the reciprocating coupling 7, the ball bearings 8 and the rotor shaft 9 with the rotor 10 pressed thereon.

The immovable components include the engine block 1-2 (s. Fig. 1 . 5 ), which is a separable housing of cylindrical shape, which consists of two parts - a left 1 and a right 2 (s. Fig. 8 , 11 ), which are connected to each other by means of threaded connections 33 (s. Fig. 5 ).

In the right part of the block (s. Fig. 8, 10th ) are cutouts 11 for the plunger 12, the clutches 7, (s. Fig. 15, 16 ).

Over the entire length of the inner part of the block 1-2 guide grooves 13 are executed (s. Fig. 1 . 9 . 10 . 13, 14 ) for the shape and dimensions of the crossheads 34, the reciprocating clutch 7 (see FIG. Fig. 15, 16 ).

Within, over the center of the blind front roofs of the separable cylindrical block 1-2 sockets 35 for the bearings 14, 15 of the rotor shaft 9 are mounted (s. Fig. 10 . 13 ).

Towards the outer side part, the engine block 1-2 has longitudinal surfaces 36 (see FIG. Fig. 5, 7 ) for fixing the brackets 16 (s. Fig. 3 . 23 ) with the coaxial cylinder pairs of the internal combustion engine 17, 18th

1. a) innerhalb des Blocks - die Rotorwelle 9, der Rotor 10, die Kugellager 8, die hin- und herschwingende Kupplung 7 sowie die Lager der Rotorwelle 15,
2. b) auf der Außenseite des Blocks - die Halterungen 16, mit den koaxialen Zylinderpaaren 17, 18 (s. Fig. 1, 3) sowie die Lager 19 des Motors (s. Fig. 1, 5, 7).

The engine block 1-2 is a frame, inside and on the outside are various assemblies and mechanisms attached (s. Fig. 1 . 3, 4 ):

1. a) within the block - the rotor shaft 9, the rotor 10, the ball bearings 8, the reciprocating clutch 7 and the bearings of the rotor shaft 15,
2. b) on the outside of the block - the brackets 16, with the coaxial cylinder pairs 17, 18 (s. Fig. 1 . 3 ) and the bearings 19 of the engine (s. Fig. 1 . 5, 7 ).

1. 1. Sie dienen zur Verbindung der koaxialen Kolben 3, 4, über die Gelenkverbindungen 20, der linken 17 und der rechten Zylindergruppe 18.
2. 2. Sie gewährleisten die Verbindung der koaxialen Kolben 3, 4, über die Gelenkverbindungen 20, mit den Stößeln 12 der hin- und herschwingenden Kupplung 7 (s. Fig. 1, 15, 16), und über die Gleitbuchsen 21 mit den Gehäusen der Halterungen 16 zur Befestigung der koaxialen Zylinderpaare 17, 18 (s. Fig. 1, 3, 23).
3. 3. Sie übertragen die Kräfte von den Kolben 3, 4, über die Gelenkverbindungen 20, auf die Stößel 12 der Kupplung 7 und umgekehrt (s. Fig. 1).

The piston rods 6 carry out the following functions: (s. Fig. 1 . 3 . 21 ).

1. 1. They serve to connect the coaxial pistons 3, 4, via the joints 20, the left 17 and the right cylinder group 18th
2. 2. They ensure the connection of the coaxial pistons 3, 4, via the articulated joints 20, with the plungers 12 of the reciprocating clutch 7 (s. Fig. 1 . 15, 16 ), and on the sliding bushes 21 with the housings of the holders 16 for fixing the coaxial cylinder pairs 17, 18 (s. Fig. 1 . 3 . 23 ).
3. 3. They transmit the forces from the pistons 3, 4, via the joints 20, on the plunger 12 of the clutch 7 and vice versa (s. Fig. 1 ).

The rotor shaft 9 (s. Fig. 1 . 3 . 19, 20 ) absorbs the torque from the rotor 10 and transmits it to the transmission of the means of transport. From her also the various mechanisms of the engine are put into operation (gas exchange control, etc.).

The rotor 10 (s. Fig. 14 . 17, 19 ) takes over the rows of sinusoidal tracks 22, the forces of the ball bearings 8 and transmits these forces to the rotor shaft 9 (s. Fig. 20 ). The rotor 10 (s. Fig. 17, 18, 19 ) has a cylindrical shape, it is surrounded on the circumference of several rows of tracks 22 which are formed as sinusoids, wherein the profile of the tracks 22 corresponds to the profile of the ball bearings 8 and the depth of the tracks 22 is equal to the radius of the balls 8 s. Fig. 4 ).

The reciprocating clutch 7 (s. Fig. 1 . 4 . 15, 16 Ensures over the rows of longitudinal openings 23 with the sliding blocks 24 and the locking screws 25, the rectilinear motion (along the shaft axis) of the ball bearings 8, transmits to them and absorbs from them forces of different kinds, which in the course of operation and tempering of the Motors arise.

The housing of the clutch 7 (s. Fig. 4 . 15, 16 ) has a cylindrical shape with a plurality of rows of longitudinal openings 23. The number of openings in each longitudinal row of the coupling 7 corresponds to the number of sinusoidal tracks 22 of the rotor 10, and the number of longitudinal rows corresponds to the number of top dead centers of one of the pistons 3, 4 the right or the left group during one revolution of the rotor shaft 9. On the lateral part of the clutch 7 (s. Fig. 15, 16 ) are plunger 12 is present, the connection of the coupling, via the joints 20 (s. Fig. 1 ), with the piston rods 6. The Number of plungers corresponds to the number of coaxial cylinder pairs 17, 18 of the engine. From the outside of the clutch 7 (s. Fig. 15, 16 ) are arranged along their housing, crossheads 34 which protrude into the toothing with the guide grooves 13 which are located within the engine block (s. Fig. 1 . 9 . 10 . 13, 14 ).

The crossheads 34 and the grooves 13 ensure the rectilinear movement of the clutch 7 in the course of cranking and operation of the engine.

Within the cylindrical part of the clutch 7 (s. Fig. 1 . 4 . 15, 16 ), a bushing 37 for the rotor shaft 9 and the rotor 10 is present.

The ball bearings 8 (s. Fig. 1 . 4 ) are provided for transmitting the forces that arise in the course of the operation and the starting of the engine, between the longitudinal openings 23 of the clutch 7 and the tracks 22 of the rotor 10th

The ball bearings 14, 15 (s. Fig. 1 . 4 ) - the radial and axial - are used for mounting the rotor shaft 9 within the engine block.

The gas exchange control contains (s. Fig. 1 . 2 . 3 ): the rotor shaft 9, the rotor 10, the ball bearings 8, the reciprocating clutch 7, the joints 20, the piston rods 6, the pistons 3, 4, the inlet slots 26 and the outlet slots 27 and the overflow channels 28 of the working mixture.

The air cooling system works by means of impellers 32 (s. Fig. 1 . 4 ).

The ignition system is used for simultaneous ignition of the working mixture in all cylinders 18 of the right and then the left cylinder group 17 (s. Fig. 1 ).

The proposed motor works as follows: The duty cycle of the motor runs in two cycles <suction - compression> and <work - discharge>.

Cycle <suction - compression> s. Fig. 1 . 3, 4 ,

At the time of starting the engine by the starter via the ring gear of the flywheel 45, the bearings 8, by moving on the sinusoidal tracks 22 of the rotor 10, for the time being initially shift the reciprocating coupling 7 along the rotor shaft 9 to the right with the pistons of the left (17) and the right (18) cylinder group, since the clutch 7, via the plunger 12 and the hinge joints 20, is connected to all the piston rods 6. In the right cylinder group 18 under the piston 3, a discharge takes place, whereby at the time of opening the inlet slots 26 through the shells of the piston 3, the working mixture from the carburetor 29 via the suction cup 41 and the air passage 42 into the lower parts of the cylinder 18 passes , And over the piston 3, the compression of the working mixture takes place to the top dead center, since the outlet slots 27 and the transfer ports 28 are closed at this time.

Clock <Work - Eject> (s. Fig. 1 . 3, 4 ).

With the help of the spark plugs 30 takes place in all cylinders of the right group 18 at the same time an ignition of the compressed working mixture instead. The gases formed in the cylinders move the pistons, acting on the pistons 3 of the right cylinder group 18, to the left via the piston rods 6, the joints 31 and the plungers 12, by displacing the reciprocating coupling 7 in the same direction , The clutch 7 rolls by acting on the ball bearings 8 through their bushings 23, straight away along the sinusoidal paths of the rotor 22 from the vertices to the lower points of the sinusoids, thereby simultaneously converting the rectilinear motion of the clutch 7 into a rotary motion of the rotor 10. By not reaching the bottom dead center, the pistons 3 open the exhaust ports 27 and the exhaust gases discharge via the exhaust pipe 40 and the muffler 44 into the atmosphere. By lowering downwards, the pistons 3 open the overflow channels 28 and the working mixture compressed by means of the hub 39 under the pistons 3 passes into the upper parts of the cylinders 18 (see FIG. Fig. 2 . 23 ).

The left cylinder group 17 operates analogously - after the clock <working - ejection> the right cylinder group 18 follows the clock <working - ejection> the left cylinder group 17 (s. Fig. 1 . 3, 4 ). The ignition system ensures the ignition of the working mixture according to the operating order and the operation of the engine. By denoting the right cylinder group with the numeral 1 and the left cylinder group with the numeral 2, we obtain the operating order of the proposed engine (1-2). The proposal to use a new type of reciprocating mechanism in reciprocating engines makes it possible to simplify the design of the engine and increase its reliability and efficiency.

The engine is intended in particular for use in energy engineering as a piston engine. In particular, a two-stroke cycle engine includes two groups of cylinders, one left and one right around the outer side surface of the detachable cylindrical engine block are arranged parallel to the axis of the rotor shaft, which is mounted within the block and is provided with a rotor which is surrounded by a plurality of rows of sinusoidal tracks which protrude into the toothing, via metal balls, with rows of longitudinal bushes one back and herschwingenden coupling, which is connected by sliders with the inner longitudinal grooves of the engine block, and by plunger, via joints, with the piston rods, which are connected via sliding sleeves with the holders for fixing the coaxial cylinder pairs, and are connected by means of joints with the piston rods of these cylinders , The brackets are attached to the engine block using threaded connections.

The fuel-air mixture is treated within the cylinder and ignited by means of an ignition system that ensures the simultaneous ignition of the working mixture in all cylinders of the right and then the left cylinder group.

The working cycle of the engine runs in two cycles (suction - compression, working - ejection). At the strokes of the operation, the gases formed by the ignition of the working mixture move the pistons in the cylinders, their reciprocating motion by means of the reciprocating coupling, the balls and the rotor having several rows of sinusoidal tracks at its circumference is converted into a rotary motion of the rotor shaft.

The engine consists of the following systems: fuel system (feed system), ignition system, lubrication system, cooling system and the mechanisms - gas exchange control and reciprocating mechanism.

Claims (7)

Internal combustion engine with at least one reciprocating piston rod (6) which can be acted on at both ends by a respective piston-cylinder mechanism (3, 4, 17, 18),
a connected to the at least one piston rod coupling or housing part (7),
a rotor (10) arranged in the coupling part (7) with a rotor or output shaft (9),
and conversion means (8, 22) for converting the reciprocating movement of the at least one piston rod and the coupling part into a rotational movement of the rotor (10) and the rotor shaft (9). Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (10) is cylindrical and has on its cylindrical surface at least one sinusoidal track (22) which cooperates with at least one formed on the inside of the coupling part ball bearing mechanism (8). Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that two, three or four piston rods (6) are provided. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two, three or four sinusoidal tracks are provided. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a cylindrical engine block composed of two separable parts (1, 2) which is formed with oblong holes in which arm-like extensions or plungers (12) of the coupling part (7), which are connected to the respective piston rods (6), according to the movement of the piston rods (6) back and forth. Internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that two or four piston rods with corresponding piston-cylinder mechanisms are arranged around the outside of the cylindrical engine block (1, 2). An internal combustion engine, characterized in that the engine is a two-stroke engine including two groups of coaxial cylinders, a left and a right, which are arranged around the outer side surface of the cylindrical engine block, parallel to the axis of the rotor shaft mounted within the block and with a Rotor, which is surrounded on the circumference of several rows of tracks in the manner of sinusoids, which protrude into the toothing, via ball bearings, with bushings of longitudinal openings of the reciprocating clutch, which by crossheads with the inner longitudinal grooves of the Engine block is connected, and is connected by plunger via joints with the piston rods, the latter being connected via sliding bushes with the holders for fixing the coaxial cylinder pairs, and are connected via articulations with the pistons of these cylinders.

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