EP2499729A2 - Onduleur avec circuit de calage de tension - Google Patents

Onduleur avec circuit de calage de tension

Info

Publication number
EP2499729A2
EP2499729A2 EP10771741A EP10771741A EP2499729A2 EP 2499729 A2 EP2499729 A2 EP 2499729A2 EP 10771741 A EP10771741 A EP 10771741A EP 10771741 A EP10771741 A EP 10771741A EP 2499729 A2 EP2499729 A2 EP 2499729A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
inverter
limiting element
input
output
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10771741A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Januschevski
Kai Borntraeger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Original Assignee
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZF Friedrichshafen AG filed Critical ZF Friedrichshafen AG
Publication of EP2499729A2 publication Critical patent/EP2499729A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • H02P29/0241—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the fault being an overvoltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inverter according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • inter alia converters are used, the machines being used e.g. by means of a DC source, e.g. a battery, but require one or more AC phases to operate.
  • a DC source e.g. a battery
  • Such machines particularly in the automotive driveline art, e.g. Three-phase motors, e.g. permanently or externally excited synchronous motors.
  • An inverter has e.g. a motor-side inverter or a drive inverter, the DC voltage from e.g. a DC link of the inverter, in particular a DC link with DC link capacitor, converts into an AC voltage of the desired frequency for controlling the direction of rotation and the rotational speed of the three-phase motor to be driven.
  • Such drive inverters are used in particular in motor vehicles, e.g. in electrically powered vehicles or in hybrid-powered vehicles, the three-phase motor e.g. is designed as a vehicle drive motor.
  • Such vehicle drive motors in particular permanently excited synchronous motors, usually show the design-related behavior that during operation an increasing with increasing speed counter voltage or internal voltage is induced (pole wheel), at very high speeds in the DC link, in particular by means of freewheeling diodes of (drive) Inverter, is fed or fed back and can cause damage in the inverter or the inverter, the battery, and other components (voltage feedback).
  • drive freewheeling diodes of
  • a field weakening is made above the rated speed to avoid such a harmful voltage feedback.
  • damage to the converter or other components is also possible when using the field weakening, in particular when a motor is operated above the rated speed (field weakening operation), and, for example, a field Weak current can no longer be sustained.
  • the cause may be, for example, a failure of the control electronics.
  • DE 102 51 977 A1 discloses a synchronous motor with inverter, wherein a complex protection device against voltage feedback is connected to the winding phases, wherein the protection device cooperates with the control logic of the inverter for detecting a fault or to protect against voltage feedback.
  • DE 298 13 080 U1 shows a further, connected to the windings of a motor protection against voltage feedback, wherein the protection device in turn has an associated with the control logic electronics for producing the protective function.
  • This system is also complex and expensive to manufacture.
  • DE 198 35 576 A1 discloses a drive system for a permanent-magnet electric motor which contains an operating state detection unit in order to generate a short circuit of the power semiconductor switches by means of a drive arrangement of the inverter as required. Like the preceding, this arrangement is likewise complex, cost-intensive and can not be realized without the use of control logic.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and to provide an inverter. strike, which provides a corresponding protection against voltage feedback of a three-phase motor easily and conveniently without the inclusion of the control logic of the inverter available.
  • an inverter in particular for supplying energy to a three-phase motor of a motor vehicle, the inverter having a half bridge for electrical connection to the three-phase motor, the half bridge having a voltage limiting element which is electrically conductively connected to an input and an output of a power semiconductor switch of the half bridge depending on the voltage value (magnitude and sign) of a voltage applied between the input and output of the power semiconductor switch voltage defines a high-impedance or low-impedance connection between the input and output of the power semiconductor switch creates.
  • each half-bridge of the inverter is provided with an input and an output of a power semiconductor switch of the half-bridge electrically connected voltage limiting element which depends on the voltage value (magnitude and sign) of an applied voltage between the input and output of the power semiconductor switch defines a high-impedance or low-resistance connection between the input and output of the power semiconductor switch of the respective half-bridge creates.
  • the inverter is designed such that the low-resistance connection in each case creates a current flow possibility through the respective voltage limiting element in the direction from input to output of the respective power semiconductor switch.
  • the low-resistance connection in each case creates a current flow possibility through the respective voltage-limiting element in antiparallel or in opposite directions. set to the current flow direction by a freewheeling diode connected to the input and the output of the respective power semiconductor switch.
  • the voltage limiting element is arranged in the reverse direction between the input and the output, wherein the voltage limiting element is conductive in the reverse direction from reaching a defined voltage value between input and output.
  • the voltage limiting element comprises an active and / or a passive element.
  • the voltage limiting element may comprise a comparator and / or a controlled power switch, in particular a semiconductor switch or a mechanical switch.
  • the voltage limiting element may comprise a Zener diode and / or a suppressor diode and / or a varistor.
  • the voltage limiting element can be formed from exactly one component or have exactly such a component.
  • a drive arrangement in particular of a motor vehicle, which has a three-phase motor, wherein a phase winding of the three-phase motor is electrically conductively connected to the half-bridge of an inverter according to the invention for supplying electrical energy.
  • one winding strand of the rotary current motor is electrically conductively connected to one half-bridge of the inverter each.
  • the three-phase motor can be a synchronous motor, in particular a permanent or third-excited synchronous motor.
  • FIG. 1 shows by way of example a bridge circuit of an inverter according to a possible embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a bridge circuit 1 of a drive inverter according to the invention or inverter with aponsbegrenzungsanord- tion 2, in particular for protection against voltage feedback of a motor, e.g. a three-phase motor 3, in particular a separately excited or permanently excited synchronous motor.
  • the (drive) inverter is for example part of a converter known in the art.
  • a converter has, for example, in a known manner a rectifier unit (not shown), which feeds a DC link in which, for example, an intermediate circuit capacitor is arranged.
  • the intermediate circuit supplies, for example, an intermediate circuit voltage U Z K, in particular as a DC voltage to the input 1 'of the inverter 2, for example for the bridge circuit 1 of the inverter, for generating the provided for motor operation AC voltage.
  • the inverter generates, for example, an alternating voltage as an output voltage with variable voltage and frequency, for example to control the direction of rotation and speed of the three-phase motor 3 connected or connected thereto.
  • the bridge circuit 1 of the inverter, at the input terminals 1 ', for example, the intermediate circuit voltage U Z K is applied, for example, a half-bridge 1 a and 1 b, 1 c, which each with a winding strand 3a and 3b, 3c of the three-phase motor electrically, for example via a respective center tap 4a and 4b, 4c in a known manner connectable or connected.
  • the three-phase motor 3 is designed, for example, as a three-phase motor whose three winding phases 3a, 3b, 3c are each fed by a half-bridge 1 a, 1 b, 1 c.
  • the respective strand 3a, 3b, 3c of the three-phase motor 3 is thereby by the respective half-bridge 1 a, 1 b, I c delivered a voltage or a potential of predetermined polarity for a certain period of time.
  • the respective power semiconductor switch 5a, 5b of the half-bridges 1 a, 1 b, 1 c are respectively controlled, for example by means of a control logic, in a known manner accordingly.
  • a half bridge 1 a, 1 b, 1 c has e.g. a first power semiconductor switch 5a and a second power semiconductor switch 5b, e.g. as an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IG BT) or as a field effect transistor (FET), e.g. are formed as a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET).
  • the power semiconductor switches 5a, 5b are e.g. in particular designed or correspondingly dimensioned for the voltages occurring in the converter or in the drive inverter. Other power semiconductor switch types are also conceivable.
  • the power semiconductor switches 5a, 5b each have a control input 6a, e.g. in the form of a gate electrode and an input 6b in e.g. Form of a collector electrode (IGBT) or drain electrode (MOSFET) and an output 6c in e.g. Shape of an emitter electrode (IGBT) or source electrode (MOSFET).
  • a free-wheeling diode 7 is connected in parallel in a conventional manner, in particular in parallel in the reverse direction.
  • the power semiconductor switches 5a (lower row), 5b (upper row) are, as mentioned above, e.g. controlled via their respective control input 6a or control terminal in a known manner, e.g. from control electronics (not shown), between input 6b and output 6c due to the control e.g. a short circuit can be generated, i.e. the power semiconductor switch 5a and 5b turns on.
  • the inverter according to the invention has a voltage limiting arrangement 2, which is formed by, for example, a voltage limiting element 8, in particular, for example, is formed by one voltage limiting element 8 per half bridge 1 a or 1 b, 1 c.
  • the voltage limiting element 8 is connected in each case in the associated half bridge 1 a, 1 b, 1 c to the input 6 b of the power semiconductor switch 5 a and to the output 6 c thereof, and thus suitable for bridging in the intended current flow direction with low resistance.
  • the entrance 6b is also For example, with the center tap 4a and 4b, 4c of the associated half-bridge 1 a, or
  • the voltage limiting element 8 is so far in each case arranged in parallel or parallel to input 6b and output 6c of the respective power semiconductor switch 5a and arranged so far parallel to the respective freewheeling diode 7 of the power semiconductor switch 5a, wherein the freewheeling diode also with the input 6b and 6c output the power semiconductor switch 5a and 5b is connected.
  • a voltage limiting element 8 parallel to a freewheeling diode 7 and to an input 6b and a
  • the voltage limiting element 8 of theistsbegrenzungsanord- tion 2 is inventively provided to the induced terminal voltage or voltage of the three-phase motor 3 in the example.
  • a voltage feedback from the motor to a defined (threshold) value.
  • the defined value or the predetermined threshold voltage is in this case e.g. chosen to be harmless to the inverter and other components to be protected, e.g. no danger can be expected.
  • the voltage limitation from a defined threshold voltage can be determined solely by the voltage limiting element 8 in the form of one or more suitably selected components and in particular without e.g. Interaction, e.g. be achieved with the control logic of the inverter, insofar as self-sufficient.
  • the selected components whose properties allow a corresponding threshold setting, thus specify the voltage from which a limitation occurs.
  • the voltage limiting element or elements 8 by means of the voltage limiting element or elements 8, the potentially damaging voltage peaks of the induced voltage are cut off or suppressed. In this case, the three-phase motor is braked, for example, until the voltage drops to a harmless voltage value.
  • the voltage limiting elements 8 are each of high resistance for a long time, in particular in their intended blocking direction, until they are connected to or between them. see input 6b and output 6c respectively applied voltage reaches the intended threshold voltage.
  • the voltage limiting elements 8 for example, each low impedance, in particular in the intended current flow direction of input 6b to 6c low impedance. They become conductive in their blocking direction.
  • a voltage limiting element 8 connects input 6b and output 6c of a respective power semiconductor switch 5a or 5b as a function of the voltage value of the voltage applied between input 6b and output 6c in a high-impedance or low-impedance manner, ie essentially nonconductive or conductive.
  • the inverter is designed such that the low-resistance connection by the voltage limiting element 8 from reaching the threshold each creates a Strompound fürkeit by the respective voltage limiting element 8 in the direction of input 6b to output 6c of the respective power semiconductor switch 5a and 5b.
  • the voltage limiting element 8 in the case of reaching the threshold voltage, ie in the case of the low-resistance connection, in its reverse direction conductive.
  • the reverse direction of the voltage limiting element 8 arranged between the input 6b and the output 6c corresponds in this case to e.g. in particular the reverse direction of the freewheeling diode 7.
  • the low-resistance connection provides e.g. In particular, in each case a current flow possibility through the respective voltage limiting element 8 opposite or antiparallel to the intended or intended current flow direction through the connected to the input 6b and the output 6c of the respective power semiconductor switch freewheeling diode 7.
  • a current 9 of e.g. a winding strand 3a of the motor 3 via the low-impedance voltage limiting element 8 and a e.g. Freewheeling diode 7 e.g. to another winding strand 3b of the motor 3 flow.
  • a voltage limiting element 8 can be an active (construction) element which, for example, permits control or has a passive (construction) element or can be designed as such.
  • the voltage limiting element 8 may have an arrangement of several components, e.g. a device with e.g. a comparator, which causes an overvoltage or an exceeding of the threshold voltage due to e.g. Voltage feedback detected and subsequently actuated a circuit breaker whose permeability (on / off) can be controlled in dependence on the detected voltage value.
  • the power switch may comprise a semiconductor switch, e.g. a transistor switch or a e.g. mechanical switch, e.g. a relay, his. It is also conceivable, as voltage limiting element 8 e.g. use a power zener diode (essentially zener diode circuit with transistor, e.g., a complementary Darlington stage) or a so-called known thyristor crowbar.
  • the voltage limiting element 8 can be a passive element, for example a Zener diode, which becomes conductive or low resistance as soon as it reaches its breakdown voltage selected as eg threshold voltage, a suppressor diode or eg a varistor, ie a voltage-dependent resistor. It is conceivable within an inverter, for example, different types of voltage limiting elements 8, for example, each half bridge 1 a, 1 b, 1 c different types, to provide a voltage limiting arrangement 2. All of the voltage limiting elements 8 according to the invention or the voltage limiting arrangement 2 limit the voltage independently or independently, ie solely as a function of the voltage applied to the voltage limiting element 8, eg as a result of a voltage feedback.
  • a voltage limiting element 8 according to the invention or the voltage limiting arrangement 2 is independent of a control of or through the inverter (s), converter (s) or motor (s), etc.
  • Other components, in particular a wiring with external signal sources such as those of a control logic of the inverter or inverter, which controls, for example, the power semiconductors are not provided for voltage limitation according to the invention next.
  • the voltage limitation according to the invention in which a respective conductive connection between two terminals of the motor 3 is created by a voltage limiting element 8, in each case at least from potentially damaging voltage feedback or from overshooting a threshold value, in each case in conjunction with one freewheeling diode 7 causes, for example, a braking torque, which may cause the motor to be decelerated in a motor decoupled from the drive train, ie the speed will decrease until the voltage drops to a safe level.
  • a braking torque which may cause the motor to be decelerated in a motor decoupled from the drive train, ie the speed will decrease until the voltage drops to a safe level.
  • the entire drive train is braked, but the resulting braking torque is substantially lower than a short-circuit braking torque.
  • the voltage limiting element 8 due to, for example, an excessive terminal voltage, for example, between the center tap 4a and 4b, low impedance or permeable or electrically conductive

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un onduleur, en particulier pour l'alimentation en énergie d'un moteur triphasé (3) d'un véhicule à moteur, l'onduleur comprenant un demi-pont (1a, 1b, 1c) permettant la connexion électrique avec le moteur triphasé (3). L'invention est caractérisée en ce que le demi-pont (1a, 1b, 1c) comprend un élément limiteur de tension (8) relié de manière électriquement conductrice à une entrée (6b) et une sortie (6c) d'un interrupteur de puissance à semi-conducteurs (5a; 5b) du demi-pont (1a, 1b, 1c), lequel élément limiteur de tension établit, d'une manière définie, une connexion haute ou basse impédance entre l'entrée (6b) et la sortie (6c) de l'interrupteur de puissance à semi-conducteurs (5a; 5b) en fonction de la valeur d'une tension appliquée entre l'entrée (6b) et la sortie (6c) de l'interrupteur de puissance à semi-conducteurs (5a; 5b).
EP10771741A 2009-11-11 2010-10-29 Onduleur avec circuit de calage de tension Withdrawn EP2499729A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009046616A DE102009046616A1 (de) 2009-11-11 2009-11-11 Wechselrichter
PCT/EP2010/066425 WO2011057901A2 (fr) 2009-11-11 2010-10-29 Onduleur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2499729A2 true EP2499729A2 (fr) 2012-09-19

Family

ID=43875683

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10771741A Withdrawn EP2499729A2 (fr) 2009-11-11 2010-10-29 Onduleur avec circuit de calage de tension

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20120217918A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2499729A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013511248A (fr)
CN (1) CN102612800A (fr)
DE (1) DE102009046616A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011057901A2 (fr)

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US8878468B2 (en) * 2011-04-29 2014-11-04 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Electric machine assembly with fail-safe arrangement
DE102014118982A1 (de) 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Turck Holding Gmbh Schutzschaltung
JP6866768B2 (ja) * 2017-05-29 2021-04-28 株式会社デンソー 電力変換器
CN113615026A (zh) * 2019-03-19 2021-11-05 惠普发展公司， 有限责任合伙企业 用于电动机驱动器的过电压保护

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2013511248A (ja) 2013-03-28
CN102612800A (zh) 2012-07-25
WO2011057901A3 (fr) 2012-05-03
DE102009046616A1 (de) 2011-05-19
WO2011057901A2 (fr) 2011-05-19
US20120217918A1 (en) 2012-08-30

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