EP2492335B1 - Method and device for homogenising a mixture of solid fuel in a liquid - Google Patents

Method and device for homogenising a mixture of solid fuel in a liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2492335B1
EP2492335B1 EP12155176.6A EP12155176A EP2492335B1 EP 2492335 B1 EP2492335 B1 EP 2492335B1 EP 12155176 A EP12155176 A EP 12155176A EP 2492335 B1 EP2492335 B1 EP 2492335B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixture
cross
solid fuel
liquid
size distribution
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EP12155176.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2492335A1 (en
Inventor
Ralf Ackermann
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RWE Power AG
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RWE Power AG
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/326—Coal-water suspensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/50—Mixing liquids with solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4334—Mixers with a converging cross-section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/44—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
    • B01F25/441—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits
    • B01F25/4412—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the configuration of the surfaces forming the slits the slits being formed between opposed planar surfaces, e.g. pushed again each other by springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/44—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
    • B01F25/442—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the relative position of the surfaces during operation
    • B01F25/4422—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the relative position of the surfaces during operation the surfaces being maintained in a fixed but adjustable position, spaced from each other, therefore allowing the slit spacing to be varied
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/44—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits
    • B01F25/442—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the relative position of the surfaces during operation
    • B01F25/4423—Mixers in which the components are pressed through slits characterised by the relative position of the surfaces during operation the surfaces being part of a valve construction, formed by opposed members in contact, e.g. automatic positioning caused by spring pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method and an apparatus for homogenizing a mixture of solid fuel in a liquid.
  • the process is particularly preferably used in the homogenization and dispersion of carbon particles in hydrocarbons, such as, for example, a light fuel oil.
  • Liquid hydrocarbons such as light fuel oil are widely used in combustion processes.
  • light fuel oil is often used in homes for heating and heat supply in industry and commerce.
  • Even in the power plant area light fuel oil is used as ignition or support fuel.
  • coal, especially lignite, mixed with fuel oil could be used as fuel for heat production in industry and commerce.
  • the object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the disadvantages known from the prior art and in particular to provide a method and a device, with which a mixture of a solid fuel in a liquid can be produced, which achieves a high homogeneity with respect to the distribution of the solid particles in the liquid and with respect to the grain size distribution of the solid fuel and with which it is possible to use a non-decombining mixture of solid fuel in To produce liquids.
  • the present invention is a process for homogenizing a mixture of solid fuel in a according to claim 3.
  • the input mixture comprises solid fuel particles dispersed in a liquid.
  • the method according to the invention it is possible to finely disperse these fuel particles, wherein the middle Particle diameter is significantly reduced and the distribution of solid fuel particles in the liquid is made uniform.
  • Preferred is a process control with a pressure of 2000 bar absolute upstream of the cross-sectional constriction and from 5 to 10 bar absolute downstream of the cross-sectional constriction.
  • the cross-sectional constriction is designed so that the flow velocity in the gap is more than 100 m / s [meters per second].
  • cross-sectional constriction is understood to mean that the mixture before it enters the cross-sectional constriction can flow through a cross-section through which is larger than the cross-section through which the cross-sectional constriction can flow.
  • the cross-sectional constriction is understood as meaning a gap through which the mixture must flow.
  • the cross-sectional constriction has a gap of a gap height of less than 1 mm [millimeter], preferably less than 0.5 mm, in particular less than 0.2 mm.
  • the freely flow-through cross section upstream of the cross-sectional constriction, the size of the cross-sectional constriction, ie the freely flow-through cross-section of the cross-sectional constriction and the freely flowable cross-section downstream of the cross-sectional constriction are chosen so that a pressure drop of about 200 to 400 bar absolute upstream of the cross-sectional constriction to 1 to 6 bar absolute downstream of the cross-sectional constriction takes place.
  • the cross-sectional constriction is designed so that the flow of the mixture is directed during or after passage of the cross-sectional constriction against at least one baffle.
  • the flow paths of the mixture are designed so that the mixture, after flowing through the cross-sectional constriction, strikes a baffle element, which further leads to a reduction of the particle diameter.
  • the turbulent flow which arises when passing through the cross-sectional constriction breaks up any laminar or pseudo-laminar flow profiles that may be present, mixing the mixture, thereby achieving homogenization of the particle distribution in the liquid and equalization of the particle size distribution.
  • a solid fuel is understood in particular to mean a carbonaceous solid fuel.
  • the solid fuel is preferably coal, such as lignite, hard coal or charcoal, in particular lignite, preferably in the form of lignite dust or lignite coke.
  • Other possible solid fuels are bitumen, asphalt, tar, peat, xylitol and lignite coke.
  • a hydrocarbon compounds comprising carbon and hydrogen, especially carbon and hydrogen exist.
  • the inventive method in a liquid comprising a plurality of hydrocarbons of different chain lengths. Such liquids occur regularly at certain distillation stages in petroleum refining.
  • the process according to the invention for homogenizing solid fuel, in particular brown coal in so-called light fuel oil has proved to be particularly advantageous.
  • this is light fuel oil according to the German industrial standard DIN 51603. This may include one or more additives in addition to hydrocarbons.
  • a solvent which forms an azeotropic mixture with water is, for example, toluene.
  • an azeotropic mixture is meant a mixture which can not be separated by ordinary distillation.
  • Solvents which form an azeotropic mixture with water can be used for dewatering coal, as these water bound in the coal can be dissolved out. This is equally possible with other solid fuels.
  • An example of such a solvent is toluene.
  • the liquid also contains water, preferably water.
  • water preferably water.
  • foreign components can be dissolved out of the coal in an advantageous manner, which are harmful in the further process for secondary products.
  • alkali metals such as sodium, which are soluble in water, can be dissolved out of the solid fuel particles.
  • the inventive method causes an increase in the total surface area of the solid fuel particles by reducing the diameter and a more uniform distribution of the solid fuel particles in the water, the amount of extraneous foreign matter dissolved significantly improved.
  • the inventive method as a precursor for a demineralization be used, as for example in the DE 10 2004 038 235 A1 is described.
  • the grain size distribution is the probability distribution that indicates the probability of the occurrence of a specific grain size.
  • the expectation value is the value of the grain size, which usually results from frequent sampling.
  • the position of the maximum value of the particle size distribution is understood to be that particle size for which the highest probability is present.
  • the width at half grain size distribution is understood to mean the width of the grain size distribution at half the maximum value of the grain size distribution.
  • the pressure difference across the cross-sectional constriction ie the difference of the pressure upstream and downstream of the cross-sectional constriction can be set so that the expected value and / or the position of the maximum value of the grain size distribution shift towards smaller grain sizes, ie the input mixture an expectation and / or has a position of the maximum value of the particle size distribution which is smaller than the corresponding value of the output particle size distribution.
  • the difference in pressure becomes a downstream position as compared with a position upstream of the cross-sectional constriction the cross-sectional constriction and / or the size of the cross-sectional constriction set so that the width decreases at half the height of the particle size distribution.
  • step 1.c the flow direction of the mixture changes at least once by at least 30 °.
  • the pressure increase or the degree of pressure increase in the promotion in step 1.b is adjustable, for example by appropriate selection and control of the funding.
  • the size of the cross-sectional constriction and / or the pressure build-up before flowing through the cross-sectional constriction can be adjusted advantageously the particle size distribution of the output particle size distribution of the starting mixture. That is, by adjusting the size of the cross-sectional constriction and / or the pressure, the average grain size and / or the width of the grain size distribution of the starting mixture can be variably adjusted. Furthermore, it is thus possible to achieve a distribution of the solid fuel particles in the liquid that corresponds to a specification. It is thus also the homogeneity of the distribution of the particles in the liquid adjustable.
  • the cross-sectional constriction is formed by at least one seat valve.
  • a poppet valve allows, by adjusting the gap size of the valve opening, so the gap between the valve body and the valve seat, a variation of the size of the cross-sectional constriction. This can be achieved by appropriate measures such as a change in the bias of a spring, with which the valve body is pressed against the valve seat or under variation of a back pressure, with which the valve body is pressed against the valve seat. By changing these parameters, the size of the cross-sectional constriction can be set to predefinable values.
  • the solids content of the input mixture is 50 wt .-% and more.
  • the solid fuel is coal, such as lignite or hard coal, and particularly preferably lignite.
  • the Applicant has found that despite the abrasive properties of the coal and the relative hardness of the solid fuel particles with the process of the invention, a good reduction in grain size and good homogenization have been achieved.
  • the solids content of the initial mixture and thus also of the starting mixture is preferably in the range from 50% by weight to 80% by weight, more preferably in the range from 50% by weight to 70% by weight.
  • the input mixture is before or during step 1.a. premixed.
  • a piston pump formed in a housing of the device understood.
  • the use of a piston pump has the advantage over other pumps that the delivery rate of the pump is independent of the pressure.
  • pressures of up to 2,000 bar can be achieved before the cross-sectional constriction.
  • Advantageous are conveying means in which the pressure before the cross-sectional constriction can be increased to 500 bar and more, preferably to 1000 bar and more, and more preferably to 1500 bar and more.
  • the method according to the invention runs with a device according to the invention.
  • the size of the cross-sectional constriction is adjustable by a valve, in particular a seat valve.
  • valve and in particular a poppet valve it is possible to make the size of the cross-sectional constriction easily adjustable and to keep variable in certain areas.
  • a seat valve has been found to be preferred, since there is the cross-sectional constriction through the gap, which results in an open valve between the valve seat and valve body, which can thus be adjusted by changing the pre-tension or opening of the poppet valve necessary force ,
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of an apparatus 1 for homogenizing solid fuel in a liquid.
  • the device 1 comprises a conveying means 2, in the present embodiment a piston pump with a piston 3.
  • the piston 3 is linearly movable in a first direction of movement 4 in a guide channel 5. Due to the movement of the piston 3, a positive or negative pressure is generated in a delivery chamber 6, depending on the direction of movement 4.
  • an input mixture can be conveyed through an inlet 7 into the delivery chamber 6.
  • the input 7 can be reversibly closed by a valve 8.
  • the mixture can be conveyed through a delivery chamber outlet 9.
  • the delivery chamber outlet 9 can be reversibly closed by a corresponding valve 10.
  • the inlet mixture flows toward a cross-sectional constriction 12.
  • This cross-sectional constriction 12 is formed by a seat valve 13, which comprises a valve body 14 and a valve seat 15.
  • the cross-sectional constriction 12 represents an annular gap whose gap height is preferably less than 1 mm [millimeter], more preferably less than 0.5 mm, in particular less than 0.2 mm.
  • the cross-sectional constriction 12 is present as an annular gap between the valve body 14 and the valve seat 15.
  • the flow-through cross section widened again for the stream 11 it comes when flowing through the cross-sectional constriction 12 to an acceleration of the material flow 11 and a subsequent slowing down.
  • the material flow 11 follows the flow path 16. This has two changes in the flow direction.
  • the material flow 11 is pressed against baffles 17, which also act as deflection means 38. These are formed, on the one hand, from the side of the valve body 14 facing the flow and, on the other hand, by the regions of the valve outer body 18 lying next to the valve seat 15. After flowing through the flow path 16 of the material flow 11 is conveyed as output mixture from the output 19.
  • the deflection means 38 thus cause a twice deflection of the flow by 90 °.
  • Fig. 2 1 schematically shows the apparatus 1 for homogenizing a mixture of solid fuel in a liquid in a larger context.
  • a prefeed pump 20 and a premixer 21 are formed upstream of the device 1, a prefeed pump 20 and a premixer 21 are formed.
  • the pre-mixer 21 is a premix of solid fuel, such as lignite dust, with the liquid, such as light fuel oil.
  • a pre-mixer 21 a static mixer or a Zahnkranzdispergator or a mixing vessel with agitator can be used.
  • the prefeed pump 20 conveys the premix as an input mixture from the premixer 21 to the device 1 according to the invention.
  • the prefeed pump 20 may be, for example, a gear pump.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a section of a device 1, at which the operating principle and the process control according to the present invention will be explained in more detail.
  • a mixture 22 of solid fuel particles 25 in a liquid 24 is conveyed from the delivery chamber 6 through the delivery chamber exit 9 in the direction of the cross-sectional constriction 12.
  • the solid fuel particles 23 abut against the baffles 17 and are comminuted with each other there as well as with impacts.
  • the cross-sectional constriction 12 is given by the gap between a valve seat 15 and a valve body 14 of a seat valve 13.
  • the size of the cross-sectional constriction 12 can be adjusted in conjunction with the delivery pressure 26.
  • the mixture 22 After flowing through the cross-sectional constriction 12, the mixture 22 has a discharge pressure 27, with which the mixture 22 flows through the outlet 19.
  • the solid fuel particles 23 have a smaller diameter after flowing through the cross-sectional constriction 12.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically the particle size distribution of the mixture.
  • the input particle size distribution 28 Before passing through the cross-sectional constriction 12, the input particle size distribution 28 is present. After flowing through the cross-sectional constriction 12, the output particle size distribution 29 is present. Shown in each case is the probability P of the occurrence of a grain size d, both in each case given in relative units.
  • the input grain size distribution 28 has a maximum value which is present at a position 31.
  • the output grain size distribution has a maximum value 32 at a position 33.
  • the layer 31 of the maximum value 30 of the input grain size distribution 28 differs from the layer 33 of the maximum value 32 of the input grain size distribution 28.
  • the layer 33 is shifted towards smaller grain sizes compared to the layer 31.
  • the input grain size distribution 28 has a full width at half height 34 (full with half maximum). This is determined by taking a horizontal cut through the input grain size distribution 28 at half the maximum value 30 and looking at the width of this cut. Similarly, a full width at half height 35 of the output grain size distribution 29 may be formed.
  • the full width at half height 34 of the input particle size distribution 28 is significantly greater than the full width at half height 35 of the output particle size distribution 29.
  • the method according to the invention thus leads to smaller particle sizes of the solid fuel particles 23 and to a narrower output particle size distribution 29. Simultaneously, the formation of turbulent flows as it flows through the cross-sectional constriction 12, the particles are more evenly distributed.
  • the expected value 36 of the input particle size distribution 28 is also at a different point than the expected value 37 of the output particle size distribution 29.
  • a process control is selected in which the resulting starting mixture is stable for a long time, that is not segregated.
  • preference is given to choosing liquids 24 which have the same density as the solid fuel particles 23, whereby the use of additives for changing the density of the liquid 24 is possible and according to the invention.
  • such an additive is chosen so that the density of the liquid 24 is as close as possible to the density of the solid fuel particles 23.
  • the inventive method and the device 1 advantageously allow the formation of a homogeneously mixed starting mixture of solid fuel particles 23 in a liquid 24.
  • This can be designed so that there is substantially no density difference between the solid fuel particles 23 and the liquid 24, in particular by Adding additives to the liquid 24.
  • a non-segregating dispersion of solid fuel particles 23 in liquid 24 can be generated, which can be used without hesitation, for example, as a fuel, without the fireplaces compared to the combustion of pure liquid 24 must be designed significantly different.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Description

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Homogenisieren einer Mischung von Festbrennstoff in einer Flüssigkeit. Besonders bevorzugt findet das Verfahren Anwendung bei der Homogenisierung und Dispergierung von Kohlenpartikeln in Kohlenwasserstoffen wie beispielsweise einem leichten Heizöl.The subject of the present invention is a method and an apparatus for homogenizing a mixture of solid fuel in a liquid. The process is particularly preferably used in the homogenization and dispersion of carbon particles in hydrocarbons, such as, for example, a light fuel oil.

Flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe wie beispielsweise leichtes Heizöl werden vielfältig in Verbrennungsprozessen eingesetzt. Beispielsweise wird leichtes Heizöl oftmals in Wohnhäusern zur Beheizung und zur Wärmebereitstellung in Industrie und Gewerbe eingesetzt. Auch im Kraftwerksbereich wird leichtes Heizöl als Zünd- oder Stützbrennstoff eingesetzt. Es besteht das Bedürfnis einer Änderung der Brennstoffe, insbesondere auch im Hinblick auf Kostengesichtspunkte. Beispielsweise könnte Kohle, insbesondere Braunkohle, mit Heizöl gemischt als Brennstoff zur Wärmebereitstellung in Industrie und Gewerbe eingesetzt werden. Jedoch ist es in diesem Zusammen erforderlich, eine Entmischung von Festbrennstoff und Heizöl zu verhindern. Eine solche könnte zu Beschädigungen der Feueranlagen führen oder die Verbrennung erst gar nicht ermöglichen.Liquid hydrocarbons such as light fuel oil are widely used in combustion processes. For example, light fuel oil is often used in homes for heating and heat supply in industry and commerce. Even in the power plant area, light fuel oil is used as ignition or support fuel. There is a need to change the fuels, especially with regard to cost aspects. For example, coal, especially lignite, mixed with fuel oil could be used as fuel for heat production in industry and commerce. However, in this combination it is necessary to prevent segregation of solid fuel and fuel oil. Such could lead to damage to the fire equipment or even not possible combustion.

Aus der DE 10 2007 034 253 A1 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, bei welchem ein kohlenstoffhaltiger Feststoff in einer Flüssigkeit dispergiert wird, indem diese einem Ultraschallfeld ausgesetzt wird. Ob dieses Verfahren großtechnisch eingesetzt werden kann, ist fraglich. Der notwendige Energieaufwand ist bei diesem Verfahren erheblich. Weiterhin ist aus WO 01/80985 A ein Verfahren zum Homogenisieren und Dispergieren von Bohrflüssigkeiten bekannt. Aus der US 2008/0202601 A1 ist Verfahren zum Hochdruckhomogenisieren eines Feststoffs in einer Flüssigkeit bekannt. Aus der DE 103 10 442 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zur molekularen Integration und Desintegration mittels Gravitation bekannt. Aus der US 2010/202960 A1 ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von superfeinen Titandioxidpartikeln bekannt.From the DE 10 2007 034 253 A1 For example, a method is known in which a carbonaceous solid is dispersed in a liquid by exposing it to an ultrasonic field. Whether this method can be used on an industrial scale is questionable. The necessary energy expenditure is considerable in this process. Furthermore, it is off WHERE 01/80985 A a method for homogenizing and dispersing drilling fluids known. From the US 2008/0202601 A1 is known method for high-pressure homogenization of a solid in a liquid. From the DE 103 10 442 A1 is a device for molecular integration and disintegration by gravity known. From the US 2010/202960 A1 For example, a method and apparatus for making superfine titanium dioxide particles is known.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile zumindest teilweise zu überwinden und insbesondere ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung anzugeben, mit dem eine Mischung eines Festbrennstoffs in einer Flüssigkeit erzeugt werden kann, die eine hohe Homogenität in Bezug auf die Verteilung der Feststoffpartikel in der Flüssigkeit und in Bezug auf die Korngrößenverteilung des Festbrennstoffs erreicht und mit denen es möglich ist, eine nicht entmischende Mischung von Festbrennstoff in Flüssigkeiten zu erzeugen.The object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the disadvantages known from the prior art and in particular to provide a method and a device, with which a mixture of a solid fuel in a liquid can be produced, which achieves a high homogeneity with respect to the distribution of the solid particles in the liquid and with respect to the grain size distribution of the solid fuel and with which it is possible to use a non-decombining mixture of solid fuel in To produce liquids.

Diese Aufgaben werden gelöst durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Die jeweiligen abhängigen Ansprüche sind auf vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen gerichtet.These objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims. The respective dependent claims are directed to advantageous developments.

Die in den Patentansprüchen einzeln aufgeführten Merkmale sind in beliebiger, technologisch sinnvoller Weise miteinander kombinierbar und können durch erläuternde Sachverhalte aus der Beschreibung ergänzt werden, wobei weitere Ausführungsvarianten der Erfindung aufgezeigt werden.The features listed individually in the claims can be combined with each other in any technologically meaningful manner and can be supplemented by explanatory facts from the description, with further embodiments of the invention being shown.

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Homogenisieren einer Mischung von Festbrennstoff in einer gemäß Anspruch 3.The present invention is a process for homogenizing a mixture of solid fuel in a according to claim 3.

Die Eingangsmischung umfasst Festbrennstoffpartikel, die in einer Flüssigkeit dispergiert sind. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist es möglich, diese Brennstoffpartikel fein zu dispergieren, wobei der mittlere Teilchendurchmesser signifikant verringert und die Verteilung der Festbrennstoffpartikel in der Flüssigkeit vergleichmäßigt wird. Bevorzugt ist hierbei eine Verfahrensführung, bei der in Verfahrensschritt 1.c der Druck der Mischung um einen Faktor von bis zu 200, besonders bevorzugt von bis zu 400 und insbesondere sogar von bis zu 500 verringert wird. Dies bedeutet, dass der Quotient des Drucks der Eingangsmischung vor der Querschnittsverengung zum Druck der Ausgangsmischung stromabwärts der Querschnittsverengung im Bereich von 150 und 500 liegt. Bevorzugt ist eine Verfahrensführung mit einem Druck von 2000 bar absolut stromaufwärts der Querschnittsverengung und von 5 bis 10 bar absolut stromabwärts der Querschnittsverengung. Bevorzugt ist die Querschnittsverengung so gestaltet, dass die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Spalt bei mehr als 100 m/s [Meter pro Sekunde] liegt.The input mixture comprises solid fuel particles dispersed in a liquid. By the method according to the invention it is possible to finely disperse these fuel particles, wherein the middle Particle diameter is significantly reduced and the distribution of solid fuel particles in the liquid is made uniform. In this case, preference is given to a process procedure in which, in process step 1.c, the pressure of the mixture is reduced by a factor of up to 200, particularly preferably up to 400 and in particular even up to 500. This means that the quotient of the pressure of the inlet mixture before the cross-sectional constriction to the pressure of the starting mixture downstream of the cross-sectional constriction is in the range of 150 and 500. Preferred is a process control with a pressure of 2000 bar absolute upstream of the cross-sectional constriction and from 5 to 10 bar absolute downstream of the cross-sectional constriction. Preferably, the cross-sectional constriction is designed so that the flow velocity in the gap is more than 100 m / s [meters per second].

Durch die schlagartige Entspannung beschleunigt die Mischung beim Durchtreten durch die Querschnittsverengung, es kommt zu Stößen der Festbrennstoffpartikel aneinander und an den Wänden bzw. Begrenzungen im Förderbereich. Durch diese werden die Festbrennstoffpartikel zerkleinert. Unter dem Begriff Querschnittsverengung wird verstanden, dass die Mischung vor Eintritt in die Querschnittsverengung einen durchströmbaren Querschnitt durchströmen kann, der größer ist als der durchströmbare Querschnitt in der Querschnittsverengung. Insbesondere wird unter der Querschnittsverengung ein Spalt verstanden, durch den die Mischung strömen muss. Bevorzugt ist eine Ausgestaltung, bei der sich die Querschnittsverengung einen Spalt einer Spalthöhe von weniger als 1 mm [Millimeter], bevorzugt von weniger als 0,5 mm, insbesondere von weniger als 0,2 mm aufweist. Bevorzugt ist eine Verfahrensführung, bei der der frei durchströmbare Querschnitt stromaufwärts der Querschnittsverengung, die Größe der Querschnittsverengung, also der frei durchströmbare Querschnitt der Querschnittsverengung und der frei durchströmbare Querschnitt stromabwärts der Querschnittsverengung so gewählt werden, dass ein Druckabfall von etwa 200 bis 400 bar absolut stromaufwärts der Querschnittsverengung auf 1 bis 6 bar absolut stromabwärts der Querschnittsverengung erfolgt. Bevorzugt ist die Querschnittsverengung so gestaltet, dass der Strom der Mischung beim oder nach Durchtreten der Querschnittsverengung gegen mindestens eine Prallfläche gelenkt wird.The sudden relaxation accelerates the mixture as it passes through the cross-sectional constriction, it comes to collisions of the solid fuel particles together and on the walls or boundaries in the delivery area. By this, the solid fuel particles are crushed. The term cross-sectional constriction is understood to mean that the mixture before it enters the cross-sectional constriction can flow through a cross-section through which is larger than the cross-section through which the cross-sectional constriction can flow. In particular, the cross-sectional constriction is understood as meaning a gap through which the mixture must flow. Preferred is an embodiment in which the cross-sectional constriction has a gap of a gap height of less than 1 mm [millimeter], preferably less than 0.5 mm, in particular less than 0.2 mm. Preference is given to a process control in which the freely flow-through cross section upstream of the cross-sectional constriction, the size of the cross-sectional constriction, ie the freely flow-through cross-section of the cross-sectional constriction and the freely flowable cross-section downstream of the cross-sectional constriction are chosen so that a pressure drop of about 200 to 400 bar absolute upstream of the cross-sectional constriction to 1 to 6 bar absolute downstream of the cross-sectional constriction takes place. Preferably, the cross-sectional constriction is designed so that the flow of the mixture is directed during or after passage of the cross-sectional constriction against at least one baffle.

Bevorzugt sind die Strömungswege der Mischung so gestaltet, dass die Mischung nach Durchströmen der Querschnittsverengung auf ein Prallelement trifft, welches weiter zur Verringerung der Partikeldurchmesser führt. Gleichzeitig sorgt die bei Durchtreten durch die Querschnittsverengung entstehende turbulente Strömung zu einem Aufbrechen gegebenenfalls vorliegender laminarer oder pseudo-laminarer Strömungsprofile, es kommt zu einer Durchmischung der Mischung, wodurch eine Vergleichmäßigung der Partikelverteilung in der Flüssigkeit und eine Vergleichmäßigung der Partikelgrößenverteilung erreicht wird.Preferably, the flow paths of the mixture are designed so that the mixture, after flowing through the cross-sectional constriction, strikes a baffle element, which further leads to a reduction of the particle diameter. At the same time, the turbulent flow which arises when passing through the cross-sectional constriction breaks up any laminar or pseudo-laminar flow profiles that may be present, mixing the mixture, thereby achieving homogenization of the particle distribution in the liquid and equalization of the particle size distribution.

Unter einem Festbrennstoff wird insbesondere ein kohlenstoffhaltiger Festbrennstoff verstanden. Bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem Festbrennstoff um Kohle wie Braunkohle, Steinkohle oder Holzkohle, insbesondere um Braunkohle, bevorzugt in der Form von Braunkohlenstaub oder Braunkohlenkoks. Weitere mögliche Festbrennstoffe sind Bitumen, Asphalt, Teer, Torf, Xylit und Braunkohlenkoks.A solid fuel is understood in particular to mean a carbonaceous solid fuel. The solid fuel is preferably coal, such as lignite, hard coal or charcoal, in particular lignite, preferably in the form of lignite dust or lignite coke. Other possible solid fuels are bitumen, asphalt, tar, peat, xylitol and lignite coke.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst die Flüssigkeit mindestens einen der folgenden Stoffe:

  1. a. mindestens einen Kohlenwasserstoff;
  2. b. ein Lösungsmittel, welches mit Wasser ein azeotropes Gemisch bildet; und
  3. c. Wasser.
According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the liquid comprises at least one of the following substances:
  1. a. at least one hydrocarbon;
  2. b. a solvent which forms an azeotropic mixture with water; and
  3. c. Water.

Unter einem Kohlenwasserstoff werden Verbindungen verstanden, die Kohlenstoff und Wasserstoff umfassen, die insbesondere aus Kohlenstoff und Wasserstoff bestehen. Vorteilhaft einsetzbar ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bei einer Flüssigkeit umfassend mehrere Kohlenwasserstoffe unterschiedlicher Kettenlängen. Solche Flüssigkeiten treten regelmäßig bei bestimmten Destillationsstufen in der Erdölraffination auf. Besonders vorteilhaft hat sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Homogenisieren von Festbrennstoff wie insbesondere Braunkohle in so genanntem leichten Heizöl erwiesen. Bevorzugt handelt es sich dabei um leichtes Heizöl nach der Deutschen Industrienorm DIN 51603. Dieses kann neben Kohlenwasserstoffen auch ein oder mehrere Additive umfassen.By a hydrocarbon is meant compounds comprising carbon and hydrogen, especially carbon and hydrogen exist. Advantageously, the inventive method in a liquid comprising a plurality of hydrocarbons of different chain lengths. Such liquids occur regularly at certain distillation stages in petroleum refining. The process according to the invention for homogenizing solid fuel, in particular brown coal in so-called light fuel oil, has proved to be particularly advantageous. Preferably, this is light fuel oil according to the German industrial standard DIN 51603. This may include one or more additives in addition to hydrocarbons.

Ein Lösungsmittel, welches mit Wasser ein azeotropes Gemisch bildet, stellt beispielsweise Toluol dar. Unter einem azeotropen Gemisch wird ein Gemisch verstanden, welches nicht durch gewöhnliche Destillation getrennt werden kann. Lösungsmittel, welche mit Wasser ein azeotropisches Gemisch bilden, können zur Entwässerung von Kohle eingesetzt werden, da mit diesen in der Kohle gebundenes Wasser herausgelöst werden kann. Dies ist gleichermaßen mit anderen Festbrennstoffen möglich. Ein Beispiel für ein solches Lösungsmittel ist Toluol.A solvent which forms an azeotropic mixture with water is, for example, toluene. By an azeotropic mixture is meant a mixture which can not be separated by ordinary distillation. Solvents which form an azeotropic mixture with water can be used for dewatering coal, as these water bound in the coal can be dissolved out. This is equally possible with other solid fuels. An example of such a solvent is toluene.

Weiterhin ist es möglich, dass die Flüssigkeit auch Wasser enthält, bevorzugt Wasser ist. Durch die Homogenisierung von Festbrennstoffpartikeln, insbesondere von Kohlepartikeln in Wasser, können in vorteilhafter Weise Fremdbestandteile aus der Kohle herausgelöst werden, welche im weiteren Verfahren schädlich für Folgeprodukte sind. So können zum Beispiel Alkalimetalle wie Natrium, die in Wasser löslich sind, aus den Festbrennstoffpartikeln herausgelöst werden. Da das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eine Vergrößerung der gesamten Oberfläche der Festbrennstoffpartikel durch die Verringerung des Durchmessers und eine gleichmäßigere Verteilung der Festbrennstoffpartikel im Wasser bewirkt, verbessert sich die Menge an herausgelösten Fremdbestandteilen erheblich. Somit kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren als Vorstufe für ein Demineralisationsverfahren benutzt werden, wie es beispielsweise in der DE 10 2004 038 235 A1 beschrieben wird.Furthermore, it is possible that the liquid also contains water, preferably water. By the homogenization of solid fuel particles, in particular of carbon particles in water, foreign components can be dissolved out of the coal in an advantageous manner, which are harmful in the further process for secondary products. For example, alkali metals such as sodium, which are soluble in water, can be dissolved out of the solid fuel particles. Since the inventive method causes an increase in the total surface area of the solid fuel particles by reducing the diameter and a more uniform distribution of the solid fuel particles in the water, the amount of extraneous foreign matter dissolved significantly improved. Thus, the inventive method as a precursor for a demineralization be used, as for example in the DE 10 2004 038 235 A1 is described.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens weist die Eingangsmischung eine Eingangskorngrößenverteilung und die Ausgangsmischung eine Ausgangskorngrößenverteilung auf, die sich in mindestens einem der folgenden Faktoren unterscheiden:

  1. a. dem Erwartungswert der Korngrößenverteilung;
  2. b. der Lage des Maximalwerts der Korngrößenverteilung; und
  3. c. der Breite bei halber Höhe der Korngrößenverteilung.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the input mixture has an input particle size distribution and the output mixture has an output particle size distribution which differs in at least one of the following factors:
  1. a. the expected value of the particle size distribution;
  2. b. the location of the maximum value of the particle size distribution; and
  3. c. the width at half height of the particle size distribution.

Unter der Korngrößenverteilung wird die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung verstanden, die die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Auftretens einer bestimmten Korngröße angibt. Unter dem Erwartungswert wird der Wert der Korngröße verstanden, der sich in der Regel bei oftmaligen Stichproben ergibt. Unter der Lage des Maximalwerts der Korngrößenverteilung wird jene Korngröße verstanden, für deren Auftreten die höchste Wahrscheinlichkeit vorliegt. Unter der Breite bei halber Korngrößenverteilung wird die Breite der Korngrößenverteilung bei der Hälfte des Maximalwerts der Korngrößenverteilung verstanden.The grain size distribution is the probability distribution that indicates the probability of the occurrence of a specific grain size. The expectation value is the value of the grain size, which usually results from frequent sampling. The position of the maximum value of the particle size distribution is understood to be that particle size for which the highest probability is present. The width at half grain size distribution is understood to mean the width of the grain size distribution at half the maximum value of the grain size distribution.

Gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann insbesondere der Druckunterschied über die Querschnittsverengung, also die Differenz des Drucks stromaufwärts und stromabwärts der Querschnittsverengung so eingestellt werden, dass der Erwartungswert und/oder die Lage des Maximalwerts der Korngrößenverteilung sich hin zu kleineren Korngrößen verschieben, also die Eingangsmischung einen Erwartungswert und/oder eine Lage des Maximalwerts der Korngrößenverteilung aufweist, der kleiner ist als der entsprechende Wert der Ausgangskorngrößenverteilung. Zudem wird der Unterschied des Drucks im Vergleich zu einer Position stromaufwärts der Querschnittsverengung zu einer Position stromabwärts der Querschnittsverengung und/oder die Größe der Querschnittsverengung so eingestellt, dass die Breite bei halber Höhe der Korngrößenverteilung sinkt. Bevorzugt ist hierbei eine Verfahrensführung, bei der der Quotient der Breite bei halber Höhe der Eingangskorngrößenverteilung zur Breite bei halber Höhe der Ausgangskorngrößenverteilung im Bereich von 20 bis 100 liegt, bevorzugt beträgt dieser Quotient mindestens 10.According to the method according to the invention, in particular the pressure difference across the cross-sectional constriction, ie the difference of the pressure upstream and downstream of the cross-sectional constriction can be set so that the expected value and / or the position of the maximum value of the grain size distribution shift towards smaller grain sizes, ie the input mixture an expectation and / or has a position of the maximum value of the particle size distribution which is smaller than the corresponding value of the output particle size distribution. In addition, the difference in pressure becomes a downstream position as compared with a position upstream of the cross-sectional constriction the cross-sectional constriction and / or the size of the cross-sectional constriction set so that the width decreases at half the height of the particle size distribution. In this case, preference is given to a process control in which the quotient of the width at half the height of the input particle size distribution to the width at half the height of the output particle size distribution is in the range from 20 to 100, preferably this quotient is at least 10.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ändert sich in Schritt 1.c die Strömungsrichtung der Mischung mindestens einmal um mindestens 30°.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, in step 1.c the flow direction of the mixture changes at least once by at least 30 °.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass es vorteilhaft ist, den Strömungsweg, den die Mischung beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zurücklegt, so zu gestalten, dass mindestens eine signifikante Umlenkung der Strömungsrichtung erfolgt, bevorzugt sogar zwei und mehr Änderungen der Strömungsrichtung. Besonders bevorzugt sind dabei Änderungen der Strömungsrichtung etwa im rechten Winkel oder mehr. Durch die entsprechenden Kollisionen bei der Umlenkung kommt es zu einer weiteren Reduktion der Teilchengröße der Festbrennstoffpartikel und zur Bildung von turbulenten Strömungen, die eine weitere Vermischung der Mischung begünstigen.It has been shown that it is advantageous to design the flow path which the mixture covers in the method according to the invention in such a way that at least a significant deflection of the flow direction takes place, preferably even two or more changes in the flow direction. Particular preference is given to changes in the flow direction approximately at right angles or more. The corresponding collisions during the deflection result in a further reduction in the particle size of the solid fuel particles and in the formation of turbulent flows, which promote further mixing of the mixture.

Weiterhin bedingen scharfe Richtungsänderungen der Strömung ein Aufbrechen eventueller laminarer oder quasi-laminarer Strömungen oder Randströmungen. Hierdurch wird eine weitere Homogenisierung der Verteilung der Partikel in der Flüssigkeit erreicht, da turbulente Strömungen erzeugt werden, die zu einer Durchmischung der Flüssigkeit führen.Furthermore, sharp changes in the direction of the flow cause a break-up of any laminar or quasi-laminar flows or edge flows. As a result, a further homogenization of the distribution of the particles in the liquid is achieved because turbulent flows are generated, which lead to a mixing of the liquid.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens ist mindestens einer der folgenden Parameter einstellbar:

  1. a. die Größe der mindestens einen Querschnittsverengung; und
  2. b. der Druck der Eingangsmischung, der in Schritt 1.b erreicht wird.
According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method, at least one of the following parameters is adjustable:
  1. a. the size of the at least one cross-sectional constriction; and
  2. b. the pressure of the input mixture, which is reached in step 1.b.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist auch die Druckerhöhung bzw. das Maß der Druckerhöhung bei der Förderung in Schritt 1.b einstellbar, beispielsweise durch entsprechende Wahl und Ansteuerung der Fördermittel. Durch die Einstellung der Größe der Querschnittsverengung und/oder des Druckaufbaus vor Durchströmen der Querschnittsverengung kann in vorteilhafter Weise die Korngrößenverteilung der Ausgangskorngrößenverteilung der Ausgangsmischung eingestellt werden. Das heißt, durch Einstellung der Größe der Querschnittsverengung und/oder des Drucks kann die mittlere Korngröße und/oder die Breite der Korngrößenverteilung der Ausgangsmischung variabel eingestellt werden. Weiterhin kann so eine einer Vorgabe entsprechende Verteilung der Festbrennstoffpartikel in der Flüssigkeit erreicht werden. Es ist also hierüber auch die Homogenität der Verteilung der Partikel in der Flüssigkeit einstellbar.Alternatively or additionally, the pressure increase or the degree of pressure increase in the promotion in step 1.b is adjustable, for example by appropriate selection and control of the funding. By adjusting the size of the cross-sectional constriction and / or the pressure build-up before flowing through the cross-sectional constriction can be adjusted advantageously the particle size distribution of the output particle size distribution of the starting mixture. That is, by adjusting the size of the cross-sectional constriction and / or the pressure, the average grain size and / or the width of the grain size distribution of the starting mixture can be variably adjusted. Furthermore, it is thus possible to achieve a distribution of the solid fuel particles in the liquid that corresponds to a specification. It is thus also the homogeneity of the distribution of the particles in the liquid adjustable.

Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens ist die Querschnittsverengung durch mindestens ein Sitzventil gebildet.According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, the cross-sectional constriction is formed by at least one seat valve.

Der Einsatz eines Sitzventils erlaubt, durch Einstellung der Spaltgröße der Ventilöffnung, also des Spalts zwischen Ventilkörper und Ventilsitz, eine Variation der Größe der Querschnittsverengung. Dies kann durch entsprechende Maßnahmen wie beispielsweise eine Änderung der Vorspannung einer Feder, mit der der Ventilkörper gegen den Ventilsitz gepresst wird oder unter Variation eines Hinterdrucks, mit dem der Ventilkörper gegen den Ventilsitz gepresst wird, erreicht werden. Durch Änderung dieser Parameter kann so die Größe der Querschnittsverengung auf vorgebbare Werte eingestellt werden.The use of a poppet valve allows, by adjusting the gap size of the valve opening, so the gap between the valve body and the valve seat, a variation of the size of the cross-sectional constriction. This can be achieved by appropriate measures such as a change in the bias of a spring, with which the valve body is pressed against the valve seat or under variation of a back pressure, with which the valve body is pressed against the valve seat. By changing these parameters, the size of the cross-sectional constriction can be set to predefinable values.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens liegt der Feststoffanteil der Eingangsmischung bei 50 Gew.-% und mehr.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the solids content of the input mixture is 50 wt .-% and more.

Insbesondere handelt es sich bei dem Festbrennstoff um Kohle wie Braunkohle oder Steinkohle und besonders bevorzugt um Braunkohle. Die Anmelderin hat festgestellt, dass trotz der abrasiven Eigenschaften der Kohle und der relativen Härte der Festbrennstoffpartikel mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine gute Verringerung der Korngröße und eine gute Homogenisierung erreicht wurden. Bevorzugt liegt der Feststoffanteil der Eingangsmischung und damit auch der Ausgangsmischung im Bereich von 50 Gewichts-% bis 80 Gewichts-%, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich 50 Gew.-% bis 70 Gew.-%.In particular, the solid fuel is coal, such as lignite or hard coal, and particularly preferably lignite. The Applicant has found that despite the abrasive properties of the coal and the relative hardness of the solid fuel particles with the process of the invention, a good reduction in grain size and good homogenization have been achieved. The solids content of the initial mixture and thus also of the starting mixture is preferably in the range from 50% by weight to 80% by weight, more preferably in the range from 50% by weight to 70% by weight.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Eingangsmischung vor oder während Schritt 1.a. vorgemischt.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the input mixture is before or during step 1.a. premixed.

Dies kann insbesondere durch einen statischen Mischer oder einen Mischer mit Rührwerk erfolgen. Durch eine Vormischung kann erreicht werden, dass die Homogenisierung der Ausgangsmischung weiter verbessert wird, da es sich gezeigt hat, dass die Mischeffizienz ebenso wie die Effizienz des Verkleinerungsprozesses der Festbrennstoffpartikel in der Flüssigkeit höher ist, wenn die Eingangsmischung vorgemischt wird. Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird eine Vorrichtung zum Homogenisieren einer Mischung von Festbrennstoff in einer Flüssigkeit vorgeschlagen, gemäß Anspruch 1.This can be done in particular by a static mixer or a mixer with stirrer. By premixing, it can be achieved that the homogenization of the starting mixture is further improved, as it has been shown that the mixing efficiency as well as the efficiency of the reduction process of the solid fuel particles in the liquid is higher when the input mixture is premixed. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for homogenizing a mixture of solid fuel in a liquid according to claim 1.

Unter dem Fördermittel wird erfindungsgemäß eine Kolbenpumpe ausgebildet in einem Gehäuse der Vorrichtung verstanden. Der Einsatz einer Kolbenpumpe hat im Vergleich zu anderen Pumpen den Vorteil, dass die Fördermenge der Pumpe vom Druck unabhängig ist. Durch Einsatz entsprechender Kolbenpumpen können Drücke von bis zu 2.000 bar vor der Querschnittsverengung erreicht werden. Vorteilhaft sind Fördermittel, bei denen der Druck vor der Querschnittsverengung auf 500 bar und mehr, bevorzugt auf 1000 bar und mehr und besonders bevorzugt auf 1500 bar und mehr erhöht werden kann.Under the conveying means according to the invention a piston pump formed in a housing of the device understood. The use of a piston pump has the advantage over other pumps that the delivery rate of the pump is independent of the pressure. By using appropriate piston pumps, pressures of up to 2,000 bar can be achieved before the cross-sectional constriction. Advantageous are conveying means in which the pressure before the cross-sectional constriction can be increased to 500 bar and more, preferably to 1000 bar and more, and more preferably to 1500 bar and more.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren läuft mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ab.The method according to the invention runs with a device according to the invention.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist die Größe der Querschnittsverengung durch ein Ventil, insbesondere ein Sitzventil, einstellbar.According to an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the size of the cross-sectional constriction is adjustable by a valve, in particular a seat valve.

Durch ein Ventil und insbesondere ein Sitzventil ist es möglich, die Größe der Querschnittsverengung leicht einstellbar zu machen und in gewissen Bereichen variierbar zu halten. Insbesondere hat sich ein Sitzventil als bevorzugt geeignet herausgestellt, da dort die Querschnittsverengung durch den Spalt, welcher sich bei geöffnetem Ventil zwischen Ventilsitz und Ventilkörper ergibt, gegeben ist, der somit durch Änderung der Vor-spannung oder zur Öffnung des Sitzventils notwendigen Kraft eingestellt werden kann.By a valve and in particular a poppet valve, it is possible to make the size of the cross-sectional constriction easily adjustable and to keep variable in certain areas. In particular, a seat valve has been found to be preferred, since there is the cross-sectional constriction through the gap, which results in an open valve between the valve seat and valve body, which can thus be adjusted by changing the pre-tension or opening of the poppet valve necessary force ,

Die im Rahmen des Dokuments für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren offenbarten Details und Vorteile lassen sich auf die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung übertragen und anwenden und umgekehrt. Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert werden, ohne dass sie auf die dort gezeigten Details und Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt wäre. Es zeigen schematisch:

Fig. 1:
ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung im Schnitt;
Fig. 2:
ein Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung mit Zusatzaggregaten;
Fig. 3:
einen Teil einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Illustration des Verfahrensprinzips; und
Fig. 4
eine erläuternde Ansicht der Korngrößenverteilung der Eingangs- und der Ausgangsmischung.
The details and advantages disclosed in the document for the method according to the invention can be transferred to the device according to the invention and applied, and vice versa. In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the attached figures, without being limited to the details and exemplary embodiments shown there. They show schematically:
Fig. 1:
an embodiment of a device according to the invention in section;
Fig. 2:
an embodiment of the present invention with additional units;
3:
a part of a device according to the invention for illustrating the method principle; and
Fig. 4
an explanatory view of the grain size distribution of the input and the output mixture.

Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung 1 zum Homogenisieren von Festbrennstoff in einer Flüssigkeit. Die Vorrichtung 1 umfasst ein Fördermittel 2, im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel eine Kolbenpumpe mit einem Kolben 3. Der Kolben 3 ist in eine erste Bewegungsrichtung 4 in einem Führungskanal 5 linear beweglich. Durch die Bewegung des Kolbens 3 wird in einer Förderkammer 6 je nach Bewegungsrichtung 4 ein Über- oder Unterdruck erzeugt. Dadurch kann eine Eingangsmischung durch einen Eingang 7 in die Förderkammer 6 gefördert werden. Der Eingang 7 kann durch ein Ventil 8 reversibel verschlossen werden. Aus der Förderkammer 6 kann die Mischung durch einen Förderkammerausgang 9 gefördert werden. Auch der Förderkammerausgang 9 kann durch ein entsprechendes Ventil 10 reversibel verschlossen werden. Somit kann durch eine entsprechende Bewegung des Kolbens 3 in der ersten Bewegungsrichtung 4 und eine entsprechende Ansteuerung der Ventile 8, 10 die Eingangsmischung vom Eingang 7 zum Förderkammerausgang 9 gefördert werden und dabei unter Druck gesetzt werden. Fig. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of an apparatus 1 for homogenizing solid fuel in a liquid. The device 1 comprises a conveying means 2, in the present embodiment a piston pump with a piston 3. The piston 3 is linearly movable in a first direction of movement 4 in a guide channel 5. Due to the movement of the piston 3, a positive or negative pressure is generated in a delivery chamber 6, depending on the direction of movement 4. As a result, an input mixture can be conveyed through an inlet 7 into the delivery chamber 6. The input 7 can be reversibly closed by a valve 8. From the delivery chamber 6, the mixture can be conveyed through a delivery chamber outlet 9. Also, the delivery chamber outlet 9 can be reversibly closed by a corresponding valve 10. Thus, by a corresponding movement of the piston 3 in the first direction of movement 4 and a corresponding control of the valves 8, 10, the input mixture from the inlet 7 to the delivery chamber outlet 9 are promoted and thereby put under pressure.

Die entsprechenden Stoffströme sind durch Pfeile 11 gekennzeichnet. Nach Passieren des Förderkammerausgangs 9 strömt die Eingangsmischung auf eine Querschnittsverengung 12 zu. Diese Querschnittsverengung 12 wird durch ein Sitzventil 13 gebildet, welches einen Ventilkörper 14 und einen Ventilsitz 15 umfasst. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel stellt also die Querschnittsverengung 12 einen Ringspalt dar, dessen Spalthöhe bevorzugt kleiner als 1 mm [Millimeter], besonders bevorzugt bei weniger als 0,5 mm, insbesondere bei weniger als 0,2 mm liegt. Im Betrieb liegt die Querschnittsverengung 12 als ringförmiger Spalt zwischen Ventilkörper 14 und Ventilsitz 15 vor. Stromabwärts der Querschnittsverengung 12 verbreitert sich der durchströmbare Querschnitt für den Stoffstrom 11 erneut, es kommt beim Durchströmen der Querschnittsverengung 12 zu einer Beschleunigung des Stoffstroms 11 und zu einer anschließenden Verlangsamung. Beim Durchströmen der Querschnittsverengung 12 folgt der Stoffstrom 11 dem Strömungspfad 16. Dieser weist jeweils zwei Änderungen der Strömungsrichtung auf. Beim Durchströmen des Strömungspfades 16 wird der Stoffstrom 11 gegen Prallflächen 17 gedrückt, die auch als Umlenkmittel 38 wirken. Diese sind zum einen aus der der Strömung entgegen gewandten Seite des Ventilkörpers 14 und zum anderen durch die neben dem Ventilsitz 15 liegenden Bereiche des Ventilaußenkörpers 18 gebildet. Nach Durchströmen des Strömungspfads 16 wird der Stoffstrom 11 als Ausgangsmischung aus dem Ausgang 19 gefördert. Die Umlenkmittel 38 bewirken also eine zweimalige Umlenkung der Strömung um jeweils 90°.The corresponding streams are indicated by arrows 11. After passing through the delivery chamber outlet 9, the inlet mixture flows toward a cross-sectional constriction 12. This cross-sectional constriction 12 is formed by a seat valve 13, which comprises a valve body 14 and a valve seat 15. In this embodiment Thus, the cross-sectional constriction 12 represents an annular gap whose gap height is preferably less than 1 mm [millimeter], more preferably less than 0.5 mm, in particular less than 0.2 mm. In operation, the cross-sectional constriction 12 is present as an annular gap between the valve body 14 and the valve seat 15. Downstream of the cross-sectional constriction 12, the flow-through cross section widened again for the stream 11, it comes when flowing through the cross-sectional constriction 12 to an acceleration of the material flow 11 and a subsequent slowing down. As it flows through the cross-sectional constriction 12, the material flow 11 follows the flow path 16. This has two changes in the flow direction. As it flows through the flow path 16, the material flow 11 is pressed against baffles 17, which also act as deflection means 38. These are formed, on the one hand, from the side of the valve body 14 facing the flow and, on the other hand, by the regions of the valve outer body 18 lying next to the valve seat 15. After flowing through the flow path 16 of the material flow 11 is conveyed as output mixture from the output 19. The deflection means 38 thus cause a twice deflection of the flow by 90 °.

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch die Vorrichtung 1 zum Homogenisieren einer Mischung von Festbrennstoff in einer Flüssigkeit in einem größeren Zusammenhang. Stromaufwärts der Vorrichtung 1 ist eine Vorförderpumpe 20 und ein Vormischer 21 ausgebildet. In dem Vormischer 21 erfolgt eine Vormischung von Festbrennstoff, beispielsweise von Braunkohlenstaub, mit der Flüssigkeit, beispielsweise leichtem Heizöl. Als Vormischer 21 kann ein statischer Mischer oder auch ein Zahnkranzdispergator oder ein Mischbehälter mit Rührwerk eingesetzt werden. Die Vorförderpumpe 20 fördert das Vorgemisch als Eingangsgemisch vom Vormischer 21 zur erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1. Als Vorförderpumpe 20 kann beispielsweise eine Zahnradpumpe ausgebildet sein. Fig. 2 1 schematically shows the apparatus 1 for homogenizing a mixture of solid fuel in a liquid in a larger context. Upstream of the device 1, a prefeed pump 20 and a premixer 21 are formed. In the pre-mixer 21 is a premix of solid fuel, such as lignite dust, with the liquid, such as light fuel oil. As a pre-mixer 21, a static mixer or a Zahnkranzdispergator or a mixing vessel with agitator can be used. The prefeed pump 20 conveys the premix as an input mixture from the premixer 21 to the device 1 according to the invention. The prefeed pump 20 may be, for example, a gear pump.

Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch einen Ausschnitt einer Vorrichtung 1, an dem das Funktionsprinzip und die Verfahrensführung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung näher erläutert werden soll. Eine Mischung 22 aus Festbrennstoffpartikeln 25 in einer Flüssigkeit 24 wird aus der Förderkammer 6 durch den Förderkammerausgang 9 in Richtung der Querschnittsverengung 12 gefördert. Beim Durchströmen der Querschnittsverengung 12 stoßen die Festbrennstoffpartikel 23 an die Prallflächen 17 und werden dort sowie bei Stößen untereinander zerkleinert. Die Querschnittsverengung 12 ist durch den Spalt zwischen einem Ventilsitz 15 und einem Ventilkörper 14 eines Sitzventils 13 gegeben. Durch Einstellung des Ventildrucks oder der Ventilkraft 25, mit welcher der Ventilkörper 14 in Richtung des Ventilsitzes 15 gedrückt wird, lässt sich im Zusammenspiel mit dem Förderdruck 26 die Größe der Querschnittsverengung 12 einstellen. Nach Durchströmen der Querschnittsverengung 12 weist die Mischung 22 einen Ausströmdruck 27 auf, mit dem die Mischung 22 durch den Ausgang 19 strömt. Wie schematisch gezeigt wird, weisen die Festbrennstoffpartikel 23 nach Durchströmen der Querschnittsverengung 12 einen kleineren Durchmesser auf. Fig. 3 schematically shows a section of a device 1, at which the operating principle and the process control according to the present invention will be explained in more detail. A mixture 22 of solid fuel particles 25 in a liquid 24 is conveyed from the delivery chamber 6 through the delivery chamber exit 9 in the direction of the cross-sectional constriction 12. As it flows through the cross-sectional constriction 12, the solid fuel particles 23 abut against the baffles 17 and are comminuted with each other there as well as with impacts. The cross-sectional constriction 12 is given by the gap between a valve seat 15 and a valve body 14 of a seat valve 13. By adjusting the valve pressure or the valve force 25, with which the valve body 14 is pressed in the direction of the valve seat 15, the size of the cross-sectional constriction 12 can be adjusted in conjunction with the delivery pressure 26. After flowing through the cross-sectional constriction 12, the mixture 22 has a discharge pressure 27, with which the mixture 22 flows through the outlet 19. As schematically shown, the solid fuel particles 23 have a smaller diameter after flowing through the cross-sectional constriction 12.

Fig. 4 zeigt schematisch die Korngrößenverteilung der Mischung. Vor Durchtreten durch die Querschnittsverengung 12 liegt die Eingangskorngrößenverteilung 28 vor. Nach Durchströmen der Querschnittsverengung 12 liegt die Ausgangskorngrößenverteilung 29 vor. Gezeigt wird jeweils die Wahrscheinlichkeit P des Auftretens einer Körngröße d, beide jeweils angegeben in relativen Einheiten. Die Eingangskorngrößenverteilung 28 weist einen Maximalwert auf, der bei einer Lage 31 vorliegt. Die Ausgangskorngrößenverteilung weist einen Maximalwert 32 bei einer Lage 33 auf. Die Lage 31 des Maximalwerts 30 der Eingangskorngrößenverteilung 28 unterscheidet sich von der Lage 33 des Maximalwerts 32 der Eingangskorngrößenverteilung 28. Die Lage 33 ist zu kleineren Korngrößen hin verschoben im Vergleich zur Lage 31. Fig. 4 shows schematically the particle size distribution of the mixture. Before passing through the cross-sectional constriction 12, the input particle size distribution 28 is present. After flowing through the cross-sectional constriction 12, the output particle size distribution 29 is present. Shown in each case is the probability P of the occurrence of a grain size d, both in each case given in relative units. The input grain size distribution 28 has a maximum value which is present at a position 31. The output grain size distribution has a maximum value 32 at a position 33. The layer 31 of the maximum value 30 of the input grain size distribution 28 differs from the layer 33 of the maximum value 32 of the input grain size distribution 28. The layer 33 is shifted towards smaller grain sizes compared to the layer 31.

Die Eingangskorngrößenverteilung 28 weist eine volle Breite bei halber Höhe 34 (full with half maximum) auf. Diese wird bestimmt, indem man einen waagerechten Schnitt durch die Eingangskorngrößenverteilung 28 bei der Hälfte des Maximalwerts 30 bildet und die Breite dieses Schnitts betrachtet. Analog kann eine volle Breite bei halber Höhe 35 der Ausgangskorngrößenverteilung 29 gebildet werden. Die volle Breite bei halber Höhe 34 der Eingangskorngrößenverteilung 28 ist deutlich größer als die volle Breite bei halber Höhe 35 der Ausgangskorngrößenverteilung 29. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren führt also zu kleineren Korngrößen der Festbrennstoffpartikel 23 und zu einer schmaleren Ausgangskorngrößenverteilung 29. Gleichzeitig werden durch die Bildung turbulenter Strömungen beim Durchströmen durch die Querschnittsverengung 12 die Teilchen gleichmäßiger verteilt. Auch der Erwartungswert 36 der Eingangskorngrößenverteilung 28 liegt an einem anderen Punkt als der Erwartungswert 37 der Ausgangskorngrößenverteilung 29.The input grain size distribution 28 has a full width at half height 34 (full with half maximum). This is determined by taking a horizontal cut through the input grain size distribution 28 at half the maximum value 30 and looking at the width of this cut. Similarly, a full width at half height 35 of the output grain size distribution 29 may be formed. The full width at half height 34 of the input particle size distribution 28 is significantly greater than the full width at half height 35 of the output particle size distribution 29. The method according to the invention thus leads to smaller particle sizes of the solid fuel particles 23 and to a narrower output particle size distribution 29. Simultaneously, the formation of turbulent flows as it flows through the cross-sectional constriction 12, the particles are more evenly distributed. The expected value 36 of the input particle size distribution 28 is also at a different point than the expected value 37 of the output particle size distribution 29.

Aufgrund der lokal im Festbrennstoffpartikel vorliegenden Unterschiede der Eigenschaften und des Verhaltens der einzelnen Stoffe der Festbrennstoffpartikel 23 kann durch eine entsprechende Einstellung von Förderdruck 26, Ventilkraft 25 und Größe der Querschnittsverengung 12 erreicht werden, dass nur die festen Kohlenstoffanteile dispergieren, während die Aschebildner nicht dispergiert werden, um diese in einem nachgeschalteten Separationsschritt abtrennen zu können, beispielsweise mit einer Mehrphasendekanter. Bevorzugt wird eine Verfahrensführung gewählt, bei der die entstehende Ausgangsmischung langzeitstabil ist, das heißt sich nicht entmischt. Hierzu werden bevorzugt Flüssigkeiten 24 gewählt, die die gleiche Dichte wie die Festbrennstoffpartikel 23 aufweisen, wobei auch der Einsatz von Additiven zur Veränderung der Dichte der Flüssigkeit 24 möglich und erfindungsgemäß ist. Bevorzugt wird ein solches Additiv gewählt, dass sich die Dichte der Flüssigkeit 24 möglichst der Dichte der Festbrennstoffpartikel 23 angleicht.Due to the differences in the properties and the behavior of the individual substances of the solid fuel particles 23 present locally in the solid fuel particle, it can be achieved by a corresponding adjustment of delivery pressure 26, valve force 25 and size of the cross-sectional constriction 12 that only the solid carbon components disperse, while the ash formers are not dispersed in order to be able to separate these in a downstream separation step, for example with a multiphase decanter. Preferably, a process control is selected in which the resulting starting mixture is stable for a long time, that is not segregated. For this purpose, preference is given to choosing liquids 24 which have the same density as the solid fuel particles 23, whereby the use of additives for changing the density of the liquid 24 is possible and according to the invention. Preferably, such an additive is chosen so that the density of the liquid 24 is as close as possible to the density of the solid fuel particles 23.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 erlauben in vorteilhafter Weise die Bildung einer homogen durchmischten Ausgangsmischung von Festbrennstoffpartikeln 23 in einer Flüssigkeit 24. Diese kann so gestaltet werden, dass im Wesentlichen kein Dichteunterschied zwischen den Festbrennstoffpartikeln 23 und der Flüssigkeit 24 vorliegt, insbesondere auch durch Zugabe von Additiven zu der Flüssigkeit 24. So kann eine nicht entmischende Dispersion von Festbrennstoffpartikeln 23 in Flüssigkeit 24 erzeugt werden, die beispielsweise als Brennstoff bedenkenlos eingesetzt werden kann, ohne dass die Feuerstätten im Vergleich zur Verbrennung der reinen Flüssigkeit 24 erheblich anders ausgestaltet sein müssen.The inventive method and the device 1 advantageously allow the formation of a homogeneously mixed starting mixture of solid fuel particles 23 in a liquid 24. This can be designed so that there is substantially no density difference between the solid fuel particles 23 and the liquid 24, in particular by Adding additives to the liquid 24. Thus, a non-segregating dispersion of solid fuel particles 23 in liquid 24 can be generated, which can be used without hesitation, for example, as a fuel, without the fireplaces compared to the combustion of pure liquid 24 must be designed significantly different.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Vorrichtung zum Homogenisieren einer Mischung von Festbrennstoff in einer FlüssigkeitApparatus for homogenizing a mixture of solid fuel in a liquid
22
Fördermittelfunding
33
Kolbenpiston
44
erste Bewegungsrichtungfirst direction of movement
55
Führungskanalguide channel
66
Förderkammerdelivery chamber
77
Eingangentrance
88th
VentilValve
99
FörderkammerausgangConveying chamber output
1010
VentilValve
1111
Stoffstrommaterial flow
1212
QuerschnittsverengungCross-sectional narrowing
1313
Sitzventilpoppet valve
1414
Ventilkörpervalve body
1515
Ventilsitzvalve seat
1616
Strömungspfadflow path
1717
Prallflächebaffle
1818
VentilaußenkörperValve outer body
1919
Ausgangoutput
2020
Vorförderpumpeprefeed
2121
Vormischerpremixer
2222
Mischungmixture
2323
FestbrennstoffpartikelSolid fuel particles
2424
Flüssigkeitliquid
2525
Ventilkraftvalve power
2626
Förderdruckdelivery pressure
2727
Ausströmdruckoutflow pressure
2828
EingangskorngrößenverteilungInput grain size distribution
2929
AusgangskorngrößenverteilungInitial particle size distribution
3030
Maximalwertmaximum value
3131
Lagelocation
3232
Maximalwertmaximum value
3333
Lagelocation
3434
volle Breite bei halber Höhefull width at half height
3535
volle Breite bei halber Höhefull width at half height
3636
Erwartungswertexpected value
3737
Erwartungswertexpected value
3838
Umlenkmitteldeflecting

Claims (10)

  1. A device (1) for homogenizing a mixture of solid fuel in a liquid, comprising:
    a. at least one conveying means (2) for conveying and increasing the pressure of a feed mixture of solid fuel (23) in a liquid (24) towards at least one cross-sectional reduction (12), wherein the conveying means (2) is designed as a piston pump in a housing of the device (1); and
    b. deflecting means (38) for the at least one-time deflection of the mixture when passing through the at least one cross-sectional reduction, accompanied by the formation of an output mixture.
  2. The device according to claim 1, in which the size of the cross-sectional reduction (12) can be set by a valve, in particular a poppet valve (13).
  3. A method for homogenizing a mixture (22) of solid fuel (23) in a liquid (24) with a device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following steps:
    a. conveying a feed mixture comprising solid fuel (23) in a liquid (24) in the direction of at least one cross-sectional reduction (12);
    b. increasing the pressure of the feed mixture when conveying the feed mixture in the direction of the at least one cross-sectional reduction (12); and
    c. expanding the feed mixture when passing through the at least one cross-sectional reduction (12), accompanied by the formation of an output mixture.
  4. The method according to claim 3, in which the liquid (24) comprises at least one of the following substances:
    a. at least one hydrocarbon;
    b. a solvent which forms an azeotropic mixture with water; and
    c. water.
  5. The method according to one of claims 3 to 4, in which the feed mixture has an input particle-size distribution (28) and the output mixture has an output particle-size distribution (29) which differ in at least one of the following factors:
    a. the expected value (36, 37) of the particle-size distribution;
    b. the position (31, 33) of the maximum value (30, 32) of the particle-size distribution; and
    c. the width at half the height (34, 35) of the particle-size distribution.
  6. The method according to one of claims 3 to 5, in which in step 3a the flow direction of the mixture changes, at least once, by at least 30°.
  7. The method according to one of claims 3 to 6, in which at least one of the following parameters can be set:
    a. the size of the at least one cross-sectional reduction (12); and
    b. the pressure of the feed mixture which is achieved in step 3b.
  8. The method according to claim 7, in which the cross-sectional reduction (12) is formed by at least one poppet valve (13).
  9. The method according to one of claims 3 to 8, in which the solids content of the feed mixture is 50 wt.-% and more.
  10. The method according to one of claims 3 to 9, in which the feed mixture is premixed before or during step 3a.
EP12155176.6A 2011-02-25 2012-02-13 Method and device for homogenising a mixture of solid fuel in a liquid Active EP2492335B1 (en)

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CN112203753B (en) * 2018-06-14 2023-03-24 利乐拉瓦尔集团及财务有限公司 Homogenizer and homogenization method for liquid food

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2933760A1 (en) * 1979-08-21 1981-03-12 Kurt Dipl.-Ing. 6380 Bad Homburg Bojak QUASI LIQUID FUEL ON A CARBON DUST BASE
JPS61268344A (en) * 1985-01-22 1986-11-27 Funken:Kk Method and apparatus for continuous kneading of powder such as fine powdery coal of oil coke in order to prepare slurry
US4950307A (en) * 1986-03-17 1990-08-21 Texaco Inc. Preparation of a high-solids concentration low rank coal slurry
CA2050624C (en) * 1990-09-06 1996-06-04 Vladimir Vladimirowitsch Fissenko Method and device for acting upon fluids by means of a shock wave
DE4037665A1 (en) * 1990-11-27 1992-06-04 Dieter Bliesener Multistage homogenisation assembly with variable throttle cross=section - facilitating adjustments during process operation without interruption and without additional hydraulic medium
DE10019759C2 (en) * 2000-04-20 2003-04-30 Tracto Technik Static mixing system
DE10310442A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2004-09-23 Rolf Schüler Super cavitation assembly promotes molecular integration of fluids by rapid flow reversal within chamber incorporating variable geometry plug
DE102004038235B4 (en) 2004-08-05 2013-01-31 Rwe Power Ag Process for the demineralization of lignite
EP1964605B1 (en) * 2007-02-28 2009-12-09 Shigeo Ando Injection valve of high pressure homogenizer
DE102007034253A1 (en) 2007-07-16 2009-01-22 Technische Universität Dresden Preparing flammable liquid, useful e.g. as fuel, from carbon-containing solid material and hydrocarbon containing liquid comprises contacting carbon-containing solid material with carbon-containing liquid and exposing to ultrasonic field
WO2009035019A1 (en) * 2007-09-12 2009-03-19 M.Technique Co., Ltd. Ultrafine particles of titanium dioxide and process for producing the ultrafine particles

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