Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
  • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
  • B29B17/0404—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling to powder
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
  • C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
  • B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2030/00—Pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

• the invention relates to elastomers or polymers, originally vulcanized, converted to powder, which have fundamentally different properties from the original vulcanized elastomers or polymers.
• MPMP is produced from elastomer granules or polymers already vulcanized by mechanical treatment by the so-called “metactivator” machine, or possibly under physically different conditions, by grinders, ball mills, crackers, sprays, micronizers, extruders, disk mills, high mills, high energy lease mills, planetary lease mills, etc. whose main purpose is the 5 size reduction of materials.
• the vulcanized polymers used to obtain these MPMPs include:
• vulcanized elastomers vulcanized rubbers of NR, IR, BR, SBR, HR, NBR, CR, EPDM, EPM, CSM, Silicone, Fluoride, etc. and used tire rubber granules,
• thermoplastic elastomers materials or mixtures
• thermoplastics such as Santoprene
• thermoplastics such as XLPE
• thermoset plastics polyurethane, epoxy ...
• thermoplastics and vulcanized elastomers StS parts coextruded or co-injected with polypropylene and EPDM, for example.
• FIG. 1 presents the new concept of metastability of a metastable rubber, named the Product, obtained from a vulcanized rubber, named the Reactor. Most of the scientific data in this patent comes from the analysis of used tire aggregates.
• the legend of FIG. 1 is as follows: the metastability of the rubber system.
• the Product metastable rubber, is made from a stable rubber (Reactant).
• the metastable state evolves either towards a re-vulcanization (again stable), or a decomposition (unstable)
• the metastable product for the author, does not mean the "transient product” or the “intermediate product” existing during V transient state as used in "collision theory", but, the quasi-stable product obtained after V state transient ⁇
• FIG. 2 represents a photo in SEM (Electron Microscope of
• FIG. 3 represents an example of FT-IR spectroscopy of frequency 650 - 1600 of a Reactant 1 and a Product 2
• O - Figure 4 shows a photo of the result of selfhesioh of a MPMP.
• Table 1 summarizes the classification of aggregates / powders made from vulcanized rubbers
• the new concept of metastability of a polymer or elastomer system is defined as follows: according to FIG. 1, a vulcanized elastomer, Reactant, is considered stable because its vulcanized rubber structure is literally frozen and may not move in nature for a long time, 25 years or even 50 years.
• this 3mm rubber aggregate reagent of used tires for example is processed by the process or machine, named by the author metactivation or metactivator, mechanical energy is applied within the aggregates, the Reactant, this which acts on the structural and energetic state of the Reactor.
• these materials introduced into the machine i ⁇ are transformed into fine particles or powder on average smaller than the treated aggregates.
• These fine particles the size of the millimeter to the micron meter, separated or slightly attached to the aggregate or the original mass, have a particular surface with more or less round grains such as the grains of the interior of the fruit of a pomegranate , as shown in fig.2.
• the surface of the new particle is formed of micro grains more or less round like bunches of grapes.
• This morphology shows that the surface has not been cut by a kind of knife or detached by stretching or torn by shear, but rather results from a freely exploded state of the interior of the mass by an expansive or liberating force which gives rise to the most natural, ie a more or less spherical shape to a surface
• the Reactant is broken down into smaller particles therefore the size of the Product is on average diminished compared to the aggregates of the elastomers or polymers of origin.
• the 3 mm aggregates of the Reactant become particles of about ⁇ 1 mm after a single pass through the machine, the metactivator.
• the total reactive surface area is also increased in the product, MPMP.
• Density ( density): measured by the packing method, the densities are 0.494 g / cm 3 for the Reactant and 0.454 g / cm 3 for the Product, therefore the density of the Product is on average decreased by to the aggregates of the elastomers or polymers of origin. This result shows the trend towards
• Expansion rate the rate of expansion of the Product compared to the Reactant varies from 1.01 - 1.40 depending on the types of vulcanized elastomers or polymers. This rate is expressed as the ratio between the mass volume of the input material and the output volume of the machine. For example, for the case where the mass volume (cm 3 / g) measured by a pyknometer, worn tire aggregates of 3 mm (machine inlet material) is 848 cm 3 / kg, and that of the powder tire ⁇ £ * Used produced by the machine (output material) was 956 cm 3 / kg, the rate of self-micro explosion or expansion of the material is calculated 1,127 (956 divided by 848 gives a ratio of 1.127). The mass volume of the product is therefore on average increased compared to the aggregates of the elastomers or polymers of origin.
• Specific heat Cp the specific heat of the product is on average increased compared to the reactant, aggregates of the elastomers or polymers of origin.
• the Cp (J / ° C. g) of the used tire product is much higher than that of the reactant.
• the Cp of the Reactant are 1.5 J / g at 30 ° C. and 1.8 J / g at 160 ° C., whereas those of the Product are 1.79 J / g and 2.04 J / g. These values are indicative of a structural phase change of the material, thus they testify to the evolution of the entropy, in J / 0 Cg, of the system. This increase of Cp in the Product is considered as a consequence of the expanded structure compared to the Reactant.
• Reactor of used tires is found according to Argon DSC / MDSC measurements because the product shows an endothermic reaction up to about 80 0 C, but then an exothermic reaction up to about 210 0 C according to the vulcanized rubbers of tire.
• the reactant registers an endothermic reaction f0 globally over the entire temperature range up to 300 ° C.
• the MPMP shows a spontaneous reaction, therefore the self-adhesion and cohesion ⁇ 25 ⁇ of the particles, around the original vulcanization temperature, for example, close to 80 - 140 - 210 0 C for used tire aggregates.
• the product's IR absorption rate from used tires is clearly different from that of the Reactor between the IR frequency from 650 to 4000.
• the rate of the Product is 2 to 5 times higher than that of the Reactor, used tire aggregates.
• This change in IR vibration mode means a structural change in the links Complex Molecules of the Reactant.
• Devulcanization rate measured by the Swelling technique of the gel / 0 fraction according to the Soxhlet method and the Flory-Rehner equation for example, the rate is greater than 20% but very variable, between 10 and 90%, depending on the conditions treatment and types of the Reactor. The higher the rate, the more the sulfuric bridges of the Reactant are considered broken, so there are fewer sulfuric bridges remaining in the product. This rate indicates, from at least 20%, a state of partial devulcanization of the product relative to the reactant, vulcanized polymer or elastomer.
• FT-IR measurements showing a strong modification of polysulfide bonds, C-S, S-S, S-O, etc., indirectly show the partial devulcanization of the product.
• Depolymerization rate measured in gel fraction by the Soxhlet method, for example, it varies from 3 to 30% depending on the treatment conditions and the types of the product. This shows the state of partial degradation of the product with respect to the reactant, originally vulcanized polymer or elastomer, also in view of the results of the FT-IR curves which show a strong modification of the bonds of the carbon skeleton of the polymers, -CCC, -CH, -CH2, -CH3, -CO, etc.
• the depolymerization is the split of the carbon skeleton
• the MPMP of used tires for example is mixed with 10% - 20% of the weight of aromatic oils and heated at 100 0 C - 150 0 C momentarily for about 10 minutes and then left in
• This accelerator accelerates the separation of carbon black and polymeric materials, NR, SBR, BR, etc. from the product. Unlike the Reactant which does not decompose in nature under the effect of oxygen, heat, UV, etc ...
• MPMP used tires for example, Reactor, used tire granulate
• the product has a particular surface with more or less round grains which means that the product has less surface tension and more reactive surface «20 than the Reactant
• the product has an expanded structure whose relaxed bonds of carbon black in the gum of the product are easier to break than in the
• the MPMP decomposes in the short term under the effect of heat, oxygen, UV ... in nature for several weeks or even months, and the product dissociates globally in two parts, the Polymeric liquid UO and carbon black.
• the MPMP of used tires is transformed into a mixer - Banbury, without compaction or compression, into a glued or coagulated mass, which can then be molded by the standard mold of rubber .
• the product coagulates with other rubbers in principle immiscible or originally compatible.
• the product coagulates with other rubbers in principle immiscible or originally compatible.
• the used tire MPMP is mixed and molded with vulcanized EPDM MPMP.
• the operation gives a real rubbery piece, quite as in the case of a cohesion.
• thermoplastics the mixture of MPMP from used tires, vulcanized EPDM, vulcanized NR, vulcanized IR, etc ... and ⁇ -pellets of polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, ABS, etc. is injected, with or without additives, into the injection press, the operation giving parts of all types of stress, elongation, etc.
• Plastic compounders make the premix of the MPMP with thermoplastics, polyethylene, polypropylene ... to make TPE / TPV granules.
• - MPMP is neither a vulcanized rubber nor a virgin rubber / mixture, but partly vulcanized rubber and partly rubber / virgin mixture.
• MPMP comes from vulcanized rubbers whereas it behaves like rubbers or virgin mixtures from a point of view, for example, of its self-adhesion.
• MPMP with its own characteristics has a potential for evolution or spontaneous change, unlike polymers or vulcanized elastomers whose structure is frozen for a long time.
• this MPMP is in a chemically stable state at ambient temperature of 25 ° C., for a relatively long time, but in a thermodynamically unstable state which can evolve, when certain external factors intervene, towards a stable state (in this case, re-vulcanization), ie an unstable state (in this case, decomposition) as shown in fig.1.
• MPMPs have their own modes of reaction which are different from the vulcanization modes of the elastomers or virgin mixtures.
• the addition of sulfur as an additive increases its hardness without improving its breaking stress (MPa).
• a granulate is a set, a macro state of components / micro structures / micro
• the physico-chemical or energy measurements obtained concern the behavior of all these micro-structures and not a partial or specific state.
• free energy G is not a real energy, which persists or is transformed or replaced, even though it has the same ⁇ "dimension as energy, J / g or J / mol
• V free energy G the chemical reaction progresses towards the direction in which the energy state of the system moves first, so that the energy of the system can re-organize because a chemical reaction is a the energy state moves in a system, at a variable temperature, the entropy of the system, TS must be higher than V enthalpy H (KE + PE)
• KE + PE V enthalpy H
• Ea Activation Enthalpy
• the MPMP needs less activation energy to trigger a spontaneous reaction, because in sum, the overall state of the MPMP energy is more active or activated than the Reactor thanks to the method and the machine of the author. For this reason, this process is named by the author the "metactivation", defined as
• the entire new structure of the MPMP is transformed into a so-called "activated" state because its activation enthalpy is effectively reduced compared to the vulcanized elastomers of origin.
• the MPMP a macro state
• the MPMP is malleable, re-processable, re-compoundable, re-vulcanizable with compatibilisers, unlike the vulcanized rubbers of origin.
• BO short-term decomposition, cohesion and adhesion, or re-vulcanization are the consequence of the metactivation applied by the author's process.
• the MPMP is sold in 2010 under the name of "Metastable rubber” or “metactivated rubber” whose quasi-stable state is preserved for a relatively long time, or even several years, as long as it is not subject to triggering factors.
• the MPMP is distinct from several types of vulcanized rubber or vulcanized rubber rubbers existing on the world market.
• the ranking, surely for the first time in the world, of these aggregates / powders rubbers from vulcanized rubbers is clearly established from the scientific characteristics of Table 1:
• Class 2 This is the new kind of rubber, called metastable of the invention, manufactured by the metactivation process. These powders are
• the polymeric powder materials, the MPMPs, from various vulcanized polymers or elastomers, with their own properties and their own instructions, constitute a new group of polymers, distinct from the group of virgin polymers and raw mixtures, and the group of vulcanized polymers:
• the MPMP group has, on the one hand, elastic outer properties with the same original chemical composition, similar to the group of vulcanized polymers or elastomers, on the other hand, self-adhesion, short-term decomposition, cohesion , adhesion, in sum, of re-vulcanization, similar to the group of virgin polymers or raw mixtures.
• Thermoplastics such as polypropylene, polyethylene ... molded or extruded, are also metastabilizable by the same process and machine, metactivator for example. Metastabilized thermoplastics have several advantages in their use, such as better homogenization of the dyes.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Tires In General (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-07-06 FR FR0903311A patent/FR2947555B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-07-02 EP EP10736751A patent/EP2490873A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-07-02 WO PCT/FR2010/000487 patent/WO2011004079A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2010-07-02 KR KR20127003217A patent/KR20120061824A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2010-07-02 US US13/261,107 patent/US20120238694A1/en not_active Abandoned

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