EP2487437B1 - Dispositif de pompes à chaleur - Google Patents

Dispositif de pompes à chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2487437B1
EP2487437B1 EP11001131.9A EP11001131A EP2487437B1 EP 2487437 B1 EP2487437 B1 EP 2487437B1 EP 11001131 A EP11001131 A EP 11001131A EP 2487437 B1 EP2487437 B1 EP 2487437B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
oil
heat pump
valve
operated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11001131.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2487437A1 (fr
Inventor
Björn Holle
Steffen Smollich
Hartmut Kirchhoff
Michael Schaumlöffel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stiebel Eltron GmbH and Co KG
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Stiebel Eltron GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
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Priority to EP11001131.9A priority Critical patent/EP2487437B1/fr
Publication of EP2487437A1 publication Critical patent/EP2487437A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
    • F25B31/002—Lubrication
    • F25B31/004—Lubrication oil recirculating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0401—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/072—Intercoolers therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/26—Problems to be solved characterised by the startup of the refrigeration cycle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat pump device.
  • chiller For some time, devices such as air conditioners, refrigerators and the like are known, which have a so-called chiller.
  • a chiller is used to generate refrigeration by implementing a thermodynamic cycle that absorbs heat below ambient temperature and releases it at a higher temperature.
  • heat pumps which absorbs thermal energy from a reservoir with lower temperature such as the environment, and transfers together with the drive energy as useful heat to a heated system with higher temperature, such as a space heater with the use of technical work.
  • chillers and heat pumps basically use the same principle, namely that the fluids used have different boiling or condensation temperatures at different pressures and that these fluids cool during the expansion (throttling).
  • heat pumps are usually operated with fluids that evaporate at low pressure with heat and after compression on condense a higher pressure with heat release again. The pressures are chosen so that the temperatures of the phase change have sufficient for the heat transfer distance to the temperatures of the heat source or heat sink.
  • the EP 2 221 559 A discloses a heat pump according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved heat pump device.
  • a heat pump apparatus having a refrigerant circuit, the refrigerant circuit having a first compressor and a second compressor connected in series through a line segment such that the compression is a two-stage compression if the first compressor and the second compressor are operated become.
  • the refrigerant circuit further includes a condenser, an evaporator, and an expansion valve disposed upstream of the evaporator in the flow direction.
  • the refrigerant circuit also includes a first oil separator disposed downstream of the first compressor and connected to the first compressor via a first oil line for returning separated oil to the first compressor and a second oil separator downstream of the second compressor is disposed and connected to the second compressor via a second oil line to return separated oil to the second compressor.
  • At least the first compressor or the second compressor can be operated independently.
  • the non-powered first compressor or the non-powered second compressor may be bypassed by a first bypass line or a second bypass line.
  • the second compressor is preceded by a shut-off valve in the flow direction, wherein the first and second bypass line respectively open into the line segment between the first oil separator and the shut-off valve.
  • this heat pump device with refrigeration circuit can be operated by means of a one-stage compression, if only one of the two compressors operated and the other is bridged, or by means a two-stage compression, if both compressors are operated together.
  • the shut-off valve is activated and thus opened, so that the second compressor can suck in the fluid during operation. If the second compressor is not operated, the shut-off valve remains closed, so that no fluid from the first compressor can be pressed into the second compressor.
  • the present invention relates to a townpumpenvonichtung with refrigeration circuit, preferably with a Kompressionslalte réelle.
  • a check valve downstream of the second compressor in the flow direction In this way it can be ensured that no fluid can reach the second compressor via the second environmental line.
  • the second bypass line of the second compressor is arranged such that the first oil separator and the second oil separator are connected in series, if the first compressor is operated.
  • the second oil separator becomes operative in the operation of one-stage compression, i. if only the first or the second compressor are operated, always flows through. As a result, no fluid can verlagem on the second bypass line in the second compressor.
  • the cooling circuit of the heat pump device has an injection line, which is arranged in the flow direction downstream of the shut-off valve. In this way, no fluid can accumulate in the economizer.
  • the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump device has an oil balance valve disposed between the first oil passage and the second oil passage.
  • the oil balance valve is open if the first compressor is operating.
  • the components economiser and second compressor of the refrigerator are provided at the suction pressure level of the first compressor.
  • opening the Oil balance valve ensures that an oil balance between the first and second compressor during operation of the first compressor can take place.
  • the first bypass line and / or the second bypass line to a check valve, which is provided obliquely so that condensed fluid can flow back into the perfused area.
  • the check valve is arranged obliquely, i. inclined to the horizontal, in order to ensure the backflow of the condensed fluid in the area flowed through. As a result, jamming or accumulation of condensed fluid can be avoided before the check valve.
  • a heat pump device with refrigeration circuit is the European Patent EP 2 088 388 A1 called.
  • This relates to a heat pump system with a condenser (also called condenser), an expansion valve (also called throttle), an evaporator and a compressor (also called compressor).
  • This heat pump system has two compressors C1 and C2, which can be operated either together in the so-called two-compressor operation (two-stage compression) or it can only one of the two compressors C1 or C2 in the so-called.
  • Einverêtr plante one-stage compression
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a heat pump device according to the prior art.
  • the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump device has a Refrigeration cycle with a condenser 2, an evaporator 3, an expansion valve 19, which is arranged upstream of the evaporator 3 in the flow direction and a compressor C1 and a second compressor C2, the first compressor C1 and the second compressor C2 are through a line segment 100 in Connected series.
  • a first oil separator 25 is disposed behind the first compressor C1 and connected to the first compressor C1 via a first oil pipe 101 to return separated oil to the first compressor C1.
  • a second oil separator 26 is disposed and connected to the second compressor C2 via a second oil passage 102 to return separated oil to the second compressor C2.
  • the first oil line 101 and the second oil line 102 are connected to each other via an oil compensation valve 24.
  • a collector 11 and a separator 20 is advantageously provided.
  • the refrigeration circuit can be operated in one-stage compression or in two-stage compression.
  • the first compressor C1 or the second compressor C2 can be operated independently of each other.
  • These bypass lines 122, 123 each have a check valve.
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a heat pump device according to the invention.
  • This heat pump device is based essentially on the heat pump device according to Fig. 1
  • a shut-off valve 27 is provided in the supply line 100 between the output of the first compressor C1 and the input of the second compressor C2, which is preferably designed as a servo-shut-off valve 27.
  • This Shut-off valve 27 is arranged in the supply line 100, that the shut-off valve 27 is bridged together with the second compressor C2 through the bypass line 123.
  • the second compressor C2 can be bypassed by closing the shut-off valve 27 for the operation of the refrigerator in the one-stage compression by means of the first compressor C1, without a part of the flowing out of the first compressor C1 fluid in the second compressor C2 is pressed.
  • the second oil separator 26 in contrast to the heat pump device according to the prior art, arranged so that the second bypass line 123 between the outlet of the second compressor C2 and the inlet of the second oil separator 26 opens. In this way, the second oil separator 26 is always traversed by the fluid both in the two-stage compression as well as in both modes of one-stage compression.
  • a check valve 28 is further provided between the junction of the second bypass line 123 and the output of the second compressor C2, to prevent backflow of fluid into the second compressor C2, if in the one-stage compression of the second compressor C2 is not operated ,
  • the oil balance valve 24 between the first oil pipe 101 and the second oil pipe 102 is opened in the one-stage compression by the first compressor C ⁇ b> 1 to allow oil equalization between the first compressor C ⁇ b> 1 and the second compressor C ⁇ b> 2. Further, in one embodiment, in the operation of the one-stage compression by the first compressor C1, by opening the oil balance valve 24, the bypass passage 124 having the compressor C2 and the injection passage 109 are brought to the suction pressure level via the intercooler 6 (economizer).
  • a flow 0 and a return 1 are connected to the capacitor 2. It is also advantageous to use a 4/2-way valve 4, which a first connection 4a, which is connected to a hot gas line 104. A second connection 4b is connected to an exit line 104b of the evaporator. A third connection 4c is connected to a connection line 104c, and a fourth connection 4d of the 412-way valve 4 is connected to a connection line 104d. Furthermore, a separator-collector 5 is provided. A Ableylange 7, to which a line segment 107 is connected, is advantageously mounted in front of the intercooler 6. Furthermore, an expansion valve 9, a filter drier 10 and a sight glass 12 are provided.
  • the flow direction check valves 15, 16, 17, 18 are mounted at different locations, which are mainly used for switching between heating and defrosting. Furthermore, an expansion valve 19 is provided, with which the state of the refrigerant is controlled in the evaporator.
  • the check valves 22 and 23 are provided in the bypass lines 106 and 110 for switching the flow direction.
  • a pressure equalization line 108 is connected behind the shut-off valve 27.
  • a line segment 103 is provided. To the line segment 103, the bypass lines 106 and 110 are connected.
  • the suction line 105 is advantageously performed by the separator-collector 5 to the compressor C1. Furthermore, the lines 108, 112, 115, 116, 117, 119, 121 and 122 are provided.
  • the invention relates to the idea that in the heat pump device of the European Patent EP 2 088 388 A1
  • problems may arise with regard to a refrigerant displacement.
  • the refrigerant ie the fluid
  • the heat pump system of EP 2 088 388 A1 run only in the compressor operation with the second compressor C2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Dispositif de pompe à chaleur comprenant
    un circuit de refroidissement,
    un premier compresseur (C1) et un second compresseur (C2) reliés dans l'ordre par un segment de conduite (100) de sorte que la compression est une compression en deux étapes dans le cas où le premier compresseur (C1) et le second compresseur (C2) sont exploités,
    un condensateur (2),
    un évaporateur (3),
    une soupape d'expansion (19) disposée dans le sens d'écoulement devant l'évaporateur (3),
    un premier séparateur d'huile (25) disposé dans le sens d'écoulement derrière le premier compresseur (C1) et relié au premier compresseur (C1) per une première conduite d'huile (101) afin de ramener l'huile séparée au premier compresseur (C1),
    un second séparateur d'huile (26) disposé dans le sens d'écoulement derrière le second compresseur (C2) et relié au second compresseur (C2) per une seconde conduite d'huile (102) afin de ramener l'huile séparée au second compresseur (C2),
    le premier compresseur (C1) ou le second compresseur (C2) au moins pouvant être exploité de manière indépendante, et
    une première conduite de déviation (122) permettant de court-circuiter le premier compresseur (C1) non exploité et une seconde conduite de déviation (123) permettant de court-circuiter le second compresseur (C2) non exploité, et
    une soupape d'arrêt (27) étant directement montée au second compresseur (C2) dans le sens d'écoulement, caractérisé en ce que
    les première et seconde conduites de déviation (122, 123) débouchent respectivement entre le premier séparateur d'huile (25) et la soupape d'arrêt (27) dans segment de conduite (100).
  2. Dispositif de pompe à chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    la seconde conduite de déviation (123) débouche entre la sortie du second compresseur (C2) et le second séparateur d'huile (26).
  3. Dispositif de pompe à chaleur selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une soupape anti-retour (28) est prévue entre l'embouchure de la seconde conduite de déviation (123) et la sortie du second compresseur (C2).
  4. Dispositif de pompe à chaleur selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3,
    caractérisé en ce que la seconde conduite de déviation (123) du second compresseur (C2) est disposée de telle sorte que le premier séparateur d'huile (25) et le second séparateur d'huile (26) sont enclenchés dans l'ordre si le premier compresseur (C1) est exploité.
  5. Dispositif de pompe à chaleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant
    une conduite d'injection (109) disposée dans le sens d'écoulement après la soupape d'arrêt (27),
  6. Dispositif de pompe à chaleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant
    une soupape de nivellement d'huile (24) disposée entre la première conduite d'huile (101) et la seconde conduite d'huile (102),
    caractérisé en ce que la soupape de nivellement d'huile (24) est ouverte si le premier compresseur (C1) est exploité.
  7. Dispositif de pompe à chaleur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, comprenant
    une soupape de nivellement d'huile (24) disposée entre la première conduite d'huile (101) et la seconde conduite d'huile (102),caractérisé en ce que, en cours de fonctionnement de la compression en une étape au moyen du premier compresseur C1 à travers l'ouverture de la soupape de nivellement d'huile 24, la conduite de déviation 124, avec le compresseur C2, et la conduite d'injection 109, via un refroidisseur-économiseur intermédiaire (6), sont amenées à niveau de pression d'aspiration.
  8. Dispositif de pompe à chaleur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première conduite de déviation (122) et/ou la seconde conduite de déviation (123) présentent une soupape anti-retour disposée en diagonale de telle sorte que le fluide condensé puisse retourner dans la zone traversée.
EP11001131.9A 2011-02-11 2011-02-11 Dispositif de pompes à chaleur Active EP2487437B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11001131.9A EP2487437B1 (fr) 2011-02-11 2011-02-11 Dispositif de pompes à chaleur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11001131.9A EP2487437B1 (fr) 2011-02-11 2011-02-11 Dispositif de pompes à chaleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2487437A1 EP2487437A1 (fr) 2012-08-15
EP2487437B1 true EP2487437B1 (fr) 2015-08-05

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Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013014542A1 (de) 2013-09-03 2015-03-05 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmepumpenvorrichtung
DE102013014543A1 (de) 2013-09-03 2015-03-05 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmepumpenvorrichtung
JP6301101B2 (ja) * 2013-10-18 2018-03-28 三菱重工サーマルシステムズ株式会社 ２段圧縮サイクル
US10317112B2 (en) * 2014-04-04 2019-06-11 Johnson Controls Technology Company Heat pump system with multiple operating modes
CN104165478B (zh) * 2014-08-01 2016-06-29 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 多联机系统
CN113316701A (zh) * 2018-12-19 2021-08-27 艾默生环境优化技术有限公司 用于气候控制系统的油控制
US11874031B2 (en) 2018-12-19 2024-01-16 Copeland Lp Oil control for climate-control system
US11150001B2 (en) 2019-12-17 2021-10-19 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Cooling system with compressor bypass

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007006993B4 (de) * 2006-03-27 2019-12-05 Hanon Systems Mit Kohlendioxid betreibbare Klimaanlage für Fahrzeuge und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Klimaanlage
EP2088388B1 (fr) 2008-02-06 2019-10-02 STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG Système de pompe à chaleur
ES2600474T3 (es) * 2009-02-19 2017-02-09 Systemair Ac S.A.S Instalación termodinámica con lubricación mejorada

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