EP2482990A1 - Dispositif et procede de projection electrostatique d'un liquide, injecteur de carburant incorporant ce dispositif et utilisations de ce dernier - Google Patents
Dispositif et procede de projection electrostatique d'un liquide, injecteur de carburant incorporant ce dispositif et utilisations de ce dernierInfo
- Publication number
- EP2482990A1 EP2482990A1 EP10765678A EP10765678A EP2482990A1 EP 2482990 A1 EP2482990 A1 EP 2482990A1 EP 10765678 A EP10765678 A EP 10765678A EP 10765678 A EP10765678 A EP 10765678A EP 2482990 A1 EP2482990 A1 EP 2482990A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- electrode
- channel
- fuel
- spraying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/32—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by electrostatic means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
- B05B1/04—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
- B05B1/20—Perforated pipes or troughs, e.g. spray booms; Outlet elements therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/26—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets
- B05B1/262—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors
- B05B1/267—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with means for mechanically breaking-up or deflecting the jet after discharge, e.g. with fixed deflectors; Breaking-up the discharged liquid or other fluent material by impinging jets with fixed deflectors the liquid or other fluent material being deflected in determined directions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/007—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means the high voltage supplied to an electrostatic spraying apparatus during spraying operation being periodical or in time, e.g. sinusoidal
- B05B5/008—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means the high voltage supplied to an electrostatic spraying apparatus during spraying operation being periodical or in time, e.g. sinusoidal with periodical change of polarity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/0255—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns spraying and depositing by electrostatic forces only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
- B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
- B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
- B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
- B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
- B05B5/0535—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes at least two electrodes having different potentials being held on the discharge apparatus, one of them being a charging electrode of the corona type located in the spray or close to it, and another being of the non-corona type located outside of the path for the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
- B05B7/062—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet
- B05B7/065—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet an inner gas outlet being surrounded by an annular adjacent liquid outlet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
- B05B7/062—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet
- B05B7/066—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet with an inner liquid outlet surrounded by at least one annular gas outlet
- B05B7/067—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet with an inner liquid outlet surrounded by at least one annular gas outlet the liquid outlet being annular
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
- F02M57/06—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sparking plugs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a projection method, in particular in the form of a sheet of a liquid that can be electrically insulating at least by electrostatic forces, the device being designed to spray this liquid or to control oscillations by generating therein beats.
- the invention also relates to a fuel injector for a combustion chamber of a combustion engine incorporating this device, for both land and air or space vehicles, as well as other uses of this device, for example in the fields of pumps.
- electro-hydrodynamic for heat exchangers, cooling of embedded systems by spraying heat transfer liquids, spraying cutting oils or cleaning surfaces without limitation.
- Spraying a fuel is an essential step for all engines, as the pollution rate and efficiency of a combustion engine are closely related to the quality of the fuel spray.
- the spraying is obtained by disintegrating a sheet of fuel.
- a shear air jet blown at high speed typically 200 m / s
- the combustion chamber which impacts the fuel ply and sprays it.
- This counter-electrode is provided upstream of a terminal axial pipe of this nozzle of length L and diameter D (with L / D ranging from 2 to 10) by which the electrified fuel flows before being sprayed out of the nozzle through the outlet of this pipe.
- Document WO-A1 -2008 / 052830 discloses a nozzle for spraying an electrically conductive fuel incorporating a crown-shaped radial planar electrode which is housed between two electrically insulating radial layers and whose inner edge is pointed upstream of the fuel projection port out of the nozzle.
- This conductive fuel is previously rotated upstream of this electrode and along an axis of rotation perpendicular thereto and then comes into contact with this pointed electrode edge before being projected out of the nozzle.
- EP-B1-1 139 021 discloses a spray nozzle terminating in two axial metal electrodes which are intended to be in contact with the fuel and which alone define the edge of the fuel spray orifice out of the nozzle.
- a major disadvantage of this latter electrode sputtering device which are both non-electrically insulated is the relatively small value of the intensity of the electrostatic field generated by these electrodes, which affects the quality of the atomization obtained.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a projection device in particular in the form of a sheet of a liquid that can be electrically insulating at least by electrostatic forces that overcomes all of the aforementioned drawbacks, this device being designed to spray this liquid or to control the oscillation beat and comprising a nozzle which forms a channel for supplying the liquid to at least one projection orifice of the latter out of the device and which incorporates in the vicinity of this orifice a first and a second electrode arranged to inject electric charges into the liquid.
- a liquid projection device is such that the edge of this orifice comprises, on one side of the channel, at least one projecting end of the first electrode which projects into this channel and which is intended to be in contact with the liquid and, on the other side of the channel, an electrically insulating nozzle body in which the second electrode is embedded adjacent the first electrode, so that the intensity of the electrostatic field in said or each projecting end is maximized.
- a device according to the invention thus defined not only optimally sprays in the form of a sheet a liquid which may initially be electrically unloaded, such as a diesel fuel (it being specified that by “electrically insulation "is meant for this liquid a resistivity equal to or greater than 10 8 Qm), but also to control the variation of the oscillation amplitude of the projected web in the unsprayed state.
- a liquid which may initially be electrically unloaded, such as a diesel fuel (it being specified that by “electrically insulation "is meant for this liquid a resistivity equal to or greater than 10 8 Qm), but also to control the variation of the oscillation amplitude of the projected web in the unsprayed state.
- sheet is meant in the present description a thin film whose thickness can typically vary from 200 ⁇ to 500 m and which defines a surface that can be flat or three-dimensional, being advantageously in the latter case with symmetry of revolution and delimiting an internal space, as opposed to a three-dimensional jet of liquid which by definition is full and therefore does not define an internal space.
- the device according to the invention which can be based solely on the use of the Coulomb force, is able to inject electric charges into the fuel simultaneously with its projection out of the device to obtain a local electrostatic field. of extremely high intensity, thanks to the specific arrangement of the two electrodes, one of which forms the outlet end of the nozzle via its projecting end (ie pointed or sharp at a small radius of curvature) and the other of which is electrically insulated being immediately adjacent to this output end and, therefore, to the other protruding electrode.
- said channel is delimited by first and second electrically insulating nozzle bodies which are mounted facing each other and which respectively incorporate said first and second electrodes into profiled zones of these bodies leading to said projection orifice, the first electrode extending on a first inner wall to said channel defining the profiled zone of the first body and ending beyond this wall by said or each end projecting into the channel, and the second electrode being adjacent to a second outer wall of the channel defining the profiled zone of the second body.
- said or each projecting end may have a main radius of curvature between 5 ⁇ and 15 m and is preferably in the form of a peak, said projection orifice having a smaller transverse dimension of between 100 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
- this small radius of curvature combined with the isolation of the second electrode makes it possible to obtain a very large local electrostatic field, with an intensity that may be greater than 1 MV / cm at the said or each projecting end when one applies an alternating voltage (of amplitude preferably equal to several kV and for example at least equal to ⁇ 20 kV) between the first and second electrodes.
- said first electrode may be generally rectilinear in longitudinal section
- said second electrode may have a convex outer surface which is preferably elliptical or circular in longitudinal section, this convex or rounded shape making it possible to minimize the intensity of the electrostatic field at this surface.
- the device of the invention is such that said first nozzle body has a relative permittivity ⁇ ⁇ preferably less than or equal to 10 (even more preferential less than or equal to
- this second electrode has a relative permittivity ⁇ ⁇ equal to or greater than 2 (preferably equal to or greater than 5) so as to further maximize the intensity of the electrostatic field in the vicinity of said first electrode.
- this second electrode is thus placed inside an insulating material of high permittivity to transmit the electric field but especially of high dielectric strength to not slam (His ceramics meet this double constraint and are therefore usable to form the second nozzle body). This second electrode is thus fully protected by this insulating material and is designed to never be in contact with the fuel or with the air.
- this device according to the invention can furthermore be provided with means for bringing at least one gas stream, such as an air jet, downstream of said projection orifice so as to optimize further this spray.
- at least one gas stream such as an air jet
- said channel has a substantially rectangular cross-section so as to project the liquid in the form of a plane sheet, said first electrode generally having a flat blade shape and said second electrode having a geometry in the form of a plane. bar, each electrode being independently continuous or discontinuous (for example in the manner of a comb) seen in cross section.
- said channel has a generally annular cross-section (eg elliptical or circular) so as to project the liquid in the form of a symmetrical sheet of revolution, said first electrode having a substantially conical shape diverging towards said or each protruding end and said second electrode having a substantially toroidal shape concentrically surrounding the first electrode, each electrode being independently continuous or discontinuous seen in cross section.
- a generally annular cross-section eg elliptical or circular
- said first nozzle body is located radially inside said second nozzle body which concentrically surrounds it so that said first and second walls are respectively divergent and convergent in shape. direction of said channel, and said means for supplying gas streams are located radially inside said first body and radially outside said second body.
- the device according to this second embodiment of the invention does not require modifying the geometry of the current injectors, the electrostatic action can be used alone or be superimposed on the usual mechanical action of the jet of air on the sheet to increase efficiency and safety.
- this current injector it suffices to provide said electrodes with this current injector with two concentric inner and outer nozzle bodies providing such radially inner and outer air flows and with respectively divergent and convergent end walls, the structure of these two nozzle that can be unchanged elsewhere.
- the device of the second mode according to the invention makes it possible to considerably simplify the current injection systems on the aircraft by eliminating injectors dedicated to low operating speeds, since this device of the invention is able to ensure this spraying. at low speed by the electrostatic force according to the invention supplemented by air inlets due to a shearing wind for example at 30 m / s.
- This device of the invention is thus of simple structure (only two electrodes are to be expected), inexpensive (conventional manufacturing techniques with air jets being usable), is able to operate at all regimes including oneself, consumes a very low electric power (a few watts only) and is extremely robust and therefore little wear due to the fact that it is devoid of any moving parts unlike some known devices implementing a rotation of the fuel.
- an injector according to the invention for example an electrically insulating fuel for a combustion chamber of a land, air or space vehicle thermal engine, in particular for an airplane turbojet, comprises a device capable of spraying this fuel in the form of web as defined above and, preferably, according to this second preferred embodiment of the invention with said gaseous flows which are located radially inside said first body and radially outside said second body.
- this injector is characterized in particular by the position of the two electrodes which are located as close as possible to the outlet of the injector (ie from the injection lip of the nozzle), it being specified that preferably this injector lip is constituted in part by the first electrode injecting the charges into the fuel reaching it, with the creation of the aforementioned intense electrostatic forces which destabilize the fuel film to spray it in the form of a web.
- electrostatic spraying means included in an injector according to the invention can be used alone for spraying the fuel, ie without mechanical blowing means, but that the combination of these two means makes it possible to increase the performance and the reliability. of the aircraft especially in case of failure of one of these two electrostatic and mechanical means, the other taking over.
- an injector according to the invention has a small footprint, because the space required for the installation of these electrostatic means (ie essentially the two electrodes, the high voltage source and an electronic control device ) is reduced, and represents an ecological gain since the optimization of the spraying is accompanied by a better combustion, thus a lower consumption and consequently a decrease in the pollution generated.
- a device as defined above may consist, without limitation, in spraying a liquid selected from the group consisting of heat transfer liquids, cutting oils for machine tools and cleaning fluids for soiled surfaces, or for producing an electro-hydrodynamic pump for a heat exchanger without a rotating part, for example intended to equip an aerial or space vehicle with a heat engine.
- a method for projecting at least electrostatic forces and in particular in the form of a sheet electrically insulating liquid, such as a fuel, by spraying or controlling the beat oscillations is to use a device 5 as defined above by applying between said first and second electrodes an alternating voltage signal whose amplitude is preferably several kV and is for example at least equal to + 20 kV, for obtaining a local electrostatic field at said or each projecting end in contact with the liquid of intensity greater than 1 MV / cm and up to 10 MV / cm, electric charges being thus directly injected into the liquid leaving the device at this end.
- the Applicant has discovered that a use of particular electrical signals allows a fine and fast modulation of the electric action according to the needs of the fuel injector and according to whether we are looking for an o spraying the fuel or controlling the beat of the fuel when it is not sprayed.
- the modulation of the electrical signal makes it possible to obtain an immediate or progressive variation of the behavior of the injector by these electrostatic means, this modulation making it possible to continuously adapt the operation of the injector during the changes of regime, thanks to an electronic control device used in connection with the injector.
- this liquid it is advantageous to use a frequency of this signal at least equal to 1 kHz, this signal preferably being square with, for example, a frequency equal to or greater than 2 kHz and a rise time of about 400 ⁇ . / ⁇ . It should be noted, however, that all other existing forms of alternative signals are usable for obtain this spray, such as sinusoidal, triangular or even pulses.
- this liquid without spraying it, it is advantageous to use a frequency of this signal between 5 Hz and 100 Hz, this signal preferably being of the sinusoidal or triangular type and of frequency substantially equal to 50 Hz. note that this beat control is particularly useful in case of association of one or more air jets in addition to these electrostatic means.
- the liquid is moved in said channel with a speed of between 0.5 m / s and 2 m / s, and a substantially flat or symmetric layer is obtained. of revolution for the projected liquid with a thickness of between 200 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ m, preferably by additionally bringing at least one gas stream, such as an air jet, downstream of said projection orifice and at a speed for example between 30 m / s and 200 m / s, to optimize the spraying of fuel projected by the device.
- at least one gas stream such as an air jet
- FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view in axial section of a device for projecting a lap according to the invention with symmetry of revolution for a fuel injector
- FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view in longitudinal section along the plane II-II of FIG. 9, of a projection device according to the invention of a flat fuel ply corresponding to a simplified variant of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged view of the projection end of the device of FIG. example of shape and arrangement of the two electrodes equipping this device,
- FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the first nozzle body of the projection device of FIG. 2 (without the first protruding end electrode extending this first body),
- FIG. 5 is a side view of this first nozzle body of FIG. 2 shown devoid of its first electrode
- FIG. 6 is a front view of this first nozzle body of FIG. 2 shown devoid of its first electrode
- FIG. 7 is a view from below of the second nozzle body of the projection device of FIG. 2, showing the housing provided in this nozzle body for receiving the second electrically insulated electrode
- FIG. 8 is a side view of this nozzle body.
- second nozzle body of Figure 2
- FIG. 9 is a front view of this second nozzle body of FIG. 2,
- FIG. 10 is a juxtaposition of two photographs showing, in front views, two sheets obtained by the device of FIG. 2, the photograph on the left showing the unpowdered sheet obtained without the electrostatic means of the invention, and the one on the right the pulverized tablecloth according to the invention which is obtained by these means,
- FIG. 11 is a juxtaposition of two other photographs showing, in profile, two sheets obtained by the device of FIG. 2, the photograph on the left showing the sheet
- FIG. 12 is a juxtaposition of two rows of four photographs each showing in front view, for four different speeds o of webs, the latter in the unpowdered state at the top row (ie without the electrostatic means) and at the pulverized state at the bottom row (ie with these means, via a square electrical signal of frequency 2kHz and ⁇ 30 kV amplitude),
- FIG. 13 is a juxtaposition of two rows of four photographs each showing the webs of FIG. 12 in profile view (ie for the same web speeds, in the unsprayed state at the top row and in the state pulverized at the bottom row via this same electrical signal)
- Figure 14 is a juxtaposition of six rows of two photographs each showing in front view (for the photographs on the left) and in profile view (for those on the right) l the influence on the sputtering of the sheet of the frequency of the square electrical signal of amplitude ⁇ 30 kV used in relation to these means, the speed of the sheet being 1 m / s,
- FIG. 15 is a juxtaposition of four rows of two photographs each (with the exception of the second row) showing in front view (for the photographs on the left) and in profile view (for those on the right) the influence, on the sputtering of the sheet, the amplitude of the square 1 kHz frequency electric signal used in connection with these means,
- FIG. 16 is a juxtaposition of four rows of two photographs each (except for the first row) showing the influence, on the beat of the web, of the signal shape (sinusoidal for the left and triangular photographs for those on the right) and the frequency of this amplitude signal ⁇ 30 kV used in relation to these means, the speed of the sheet being 1 m / s, and
- FIG. 17 is a juxtaposition of two rows of three photographs each showing the influence, on the beat of the web, of the signal shape (sinusoidal for the upper and triangular row for the lower row) and the frequency of this signal. (with three frequencies for each row) amplitude ⁇ 30 kV used in connection with these means, the speed of the web being 1 m / s.
- the device 1 of liquid projection 2 illustrated in Figure 1 shows a preferred embodiment of a nozzle for fuel injector according to the invention. As will be explained hereinafter, the nozzle 1 may be used optionally to spray the fuel 2 or to control the beat of its oscillation, and it essentially comprises:
- a first electrode 7 for example metallic
- the relative positioning of the two nozzle bodies 3 and 8 defines a narrow channel 14 for supplying the fuel 2 to be sprayed with an annular section, with a spacing E between these two bodies 3 and 8, for example between 100 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, which determines and the thickness of the fuel ply 2 projected (with an output speed for example of the order of 1 m / s).
- the first electrode 7 is designed to directly inject electric charges into the fuel 2 in which its tip 7a is immersed in operation, serving as an injector lip to the nozzle 1 because this electrode 7 is partially the edge 15 of the nozzle projection orifice 1.
- This direct injection at the tip 7a is achieved through an electrostatic field of very high intensity (several MV / cm up to 10 MV / cm) that the this point 7a is generated by the high voltage HT applied between the two electrodes 7 and 12, thanks to the sufficiently small radius of curvature of this point 7a which is, for example, approximately 10 ⁇ m.
- the material of the first body 3 constituting the insulating support of this first electrode 7 it is chosen of low permittivity ⁇ ⁇ to maximize the intensity of the electrostatic field in the vicinity of the tip 7a, this permittivity preferably being lower than that of the liquid 2 to project is less than 2.2 for a diesel fuel type "GASOIL", for example.
- the second electrode 12 is entirely embedded in the second nozzle body 8 which electrically isolates it to prevent arcing between the two electrodes 7 and 12.
- the electrode 12 has a geometry devoid of angles or edges (Advantageously convex or rounded, being generally torus-shaped in the example of Figure 1) which limits the electric field to its surface and the stresses on the insulating material which is in contact with the electrode 12.
- This insulating material present a dielectric rigidity chosen the highest possible, and a permittivity also high ( ⁇ ⁇ > 5 preferably) to maximize the intensity of the electrostatic field in the vicinity of the first electrode 7.
- the two air jets 5 and 10 above which are designed to blow on the inner and outer faces respectively of the sheet 2 emitted, their speed can vary from 30 m / s to 200 m / s by way of example.
- the electrostatic injector 1 according to the invention of FIG. 1 differs only from an injector of the prior art by the addition and the specific arrangement of the two electrodes 7 and 12 in relation to the means 13 for generating and controlling the alternating electrical signal between these electrodes 7 and 12.
- the general architecture of such a known injector has not been modified, the electrostatic effect advantageously superposing itself or not.
- the aeromechanical effect which allows to have a mechanical action alone, electrostatic action alone or both of these actions simultaneously for spraying the fuel 2.
- the fuel ply 2 thus charged undergoes the action of the electrostatic forces which generate either its spray or its controlled oscillation, according to the electrical signal applied between the electrodes 7 and 12, and that this sputtering or the control of this oscillation are optimized by the respective geometries of these electrodes 7 and 12 which are designed to maximize the electrostatic field on the first electrode 7 and thus the direct injection of the electric charges into the fuel 2.
- the projection nozzle 101 visible in these FIGS. 2 to 9 comprises two first and second nozzle bodies 103 and 108 which are respectively provided with the first and second electrodes 107 and 112 and which essentially differ from those of FIG. 1 in that these body 103 and 108 each have the same geometry of rectangular cross section, instead of the annular cross section of those of Figure 1 (this rectangular shape is visible in Figures 4 and 6 for the first body 103 and Figures 7 and 9 for the second 108).
- the upstream end of these two bodies 103 and 108 is in the example of Figure 2 surmounted by a cap 116 coming to close a plenum chamber 117 of fuel which has a rectangular longitudinal section and which is delimited by the respective inner faces two bodies 103 and 108, symmetrical to each other with respect to the central channel 114 of the fuel projection. More specifically, the chamber 117 and this channel 114 are centered on the longitudinal axis of symmetry X of the nozzle 101, and a central orifice 116a formed in the cap 116 allows the arrival of the fuel in the chamber 117, which narrows to right angle near the downstream end of the nozzle 101 by two shoulders 103a and 108a that have the internal faces of the bodies 103 and 108.
- This channel 114 forms a terminal section of small width I (1 mm, see FIG. communicates upstream with the chamber 117 and ends at the profiled downstream end of the nozzle 101 formed by the respective oblique outer surfaces 103b and 108b of the two bodies 103 and 108.
- the first electrode 107 (made of chromed steel) is in the form of a flat blade which extends over most of the oblique outer surface 103b of the first body 103 and which ends with a pointed end 107a projecting obliquely into the channel 114 , so that this protruding end 107a partially defines the edge 115 of the downstream projection orifice of the nozzle 101 (see FIG. 3) together with the acute terminal edge of the second body 108, the width e between this projecting end 107a and this facing edge being in this example 300 ⁇ m.
- the second electrode 112 (also made of
- Chromed steel it is embedded in this embodiment in an epoxy-type insulating resin 112a which fills a cavity opening on the oblique outer surface 108b of the second body 108 in the profiled zone of the latter and in the immediate vicinity of said fish bone.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show that this insulating resin 112a thus forms part of the oblique surface 108b and that it is in contact with the insulating material (eg PVC or "plexiglas") of the second body 108.
- This second electrode 1 2 presents in this example an oblong and rounded longitudinal section which is substantially elliptical.
- substantially flat projected plies were obtained with web speeds of between 0.5 m / s and 2 m / s, each ply having a rectangular cross-section of length approximately equal to 8 cm (in the transverse direction of FIGS. and 9) and of width approximately equal to 4 cm (in the longitudinal direction of these figures), with a sheet thickness o of about 300 Mm (corresponding to the aforementioned width e of the projection orifice).
- FIGS. 11 to 17 show the plies obtained during tests carried out in the absence of air flow (ie only by the electrostatic means comprising these electrodes 107 and 112), by means of the projection device 101 according to these figures 2 to 9, the nozzle bodies 103 and 108 are made of "plexiglass" (with the exception of the aforementioned epoxy resin 112a).
- FIG. 13 shows the spray obtained according to the invention at these sheet speeds via the same square electrical signal of 2 kHz and amplitude ⁇ 30 kV. It is seen in this lower row that the large drops (from 1 mm to 3 mm in diameter) which come for most of the edges of the sheet are visible in the center, and a multitude of small drops of very small diameter (less than 100 ⁇ ) are also visible on both sides of the central jet.
- FIG. 14 shows the influence on the quality of the spray obtained (with a sheet speed of 1 m / s) of the frequency of a square electrical signal of amplitude ⁇ 30 kV, this frequency varying from 0 Hz to top row (ie in the absence of signal) at the maximum frequency of 2 kHz at the bottom row. It can be seen that the use of high frequencies (ie of at least 500 Hz) and preferably of between 1 and 2 kHz provides a satisfactory spraying of the sheet.
- Figure 15 shows the influence on the quality of the sputtering obtained from the amplitude of the 1 kHz square electrical signal. We see that this amplitude must be in this example greater than ⁇ 20 kV to obtain a finely pulverized sheet.
- FIG. 16 front views show the influence on the obtained web beat of the shape and frequency of the alternating signal, for the same signal amplitude equal to ⁇ 30 kV and for a given signal amplitude. fuel speed of 1 m / s.
- FIG. 17 profile views complete these views of FIG. 16 for three of these frequencies (5 Hz, 10 Hz and 50 Hz) and make it possible to visualize the beat obtained for the sinusoidal signals (row upper) and triangular (lower row).
- the projection devices according to the invention function satisfactorily with all types of conventional alternating signals (i.e. of square, sinusoidal, triangular and even pulse type). More specifically, the specific use of a low frequency (greater than 50 Hz) associated with a "soft" signal of the sinusoidal or triangular type makes it possible to obtain a beat of the sheet without spraying, whereas the use of high frequencies (up to 2 kHz) allows a fine spraying of the water table (excellent quality sprays have been obtained with a 2 kHz square wave). Nevertheless, it is possible to envisage spraying the sheets satisfactorily (i.e. with optimized secondary spraying) with a device according to the invention at alternating signal frequencies higher than 2 kHz.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
- Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0904634A FR2950545B1 (fr) | 2009-09-29 | 2009-09-29 | Dispositif et procede de projection electrostatique d'un liquide, injecteur de carburant incorporant ce dispositif et utilisations de ce dernier |
| PCT/IB2010/054343 WO2011039695A1 (fr) | 2009-09-29 | 2010-09-27 | Dispositif et procede de projection electrostatique d'un liquide, injecteur de carburant incorporant ce dispositif et utilisations de ce dernier |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2482990A1 true EP2482990A1 (fr) | 2012-08-08 |
| EP2482990B1 EP2482990B1 (fr) | 2018-08-29 |
Family
ID=42154204
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10765678.7A Not-in-force EP2482990B1 (fr) | 2009-09-29 | 2010-09-27 | Dispositif et procédé de projection électrostatique d'un liquide, injecteur de carburant incorporant ce dispositif et utilisations de ce dernier |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9188332B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2482990B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5800819B2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2950545B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011039695A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107096658A (zh) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-08-29 | 昆明七零五所科技发展总公司 | 一种烟草加料用静电雾化喷嘴 |
| US10563626B2 (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2020-02-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Electrostatic flame control technology |
| CN109759958B (zh) | 2019-03-05 | 2024-03-22 | 青岛理工大学 | 一种静电喷嘴及可控射流微量润滑磨削系统 |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5451033A (en) * | 1977-09-29 | 1979-04-21 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Burner for colloidal fuel |
| HU181198B (en) * | 1980-10-15 | 1983-06-28 | Jozsef Toth | Electroacoustic paint sprayer |
| GB8504253D0 (en) * | 1985-02-19 | 1985-03-20 | Ici Plc | Electrostatic spraying apparatus |
| GB8504254D0 (en) * | 1985-02-19 | 1985-03-20 | Ici Plc | Spraying apparatus |
| US4830872A (en) * | 1985-09-03 | 1989-05-16 | Sale Tilney Technology Plc | Electrostatic coating blade and method of applying a thin layer of liquid therewith onto an object |
| GB9024548D0 (en) * | 1990-11-12 | 1991-01-02 | Ici Plc | Apparatus and process for producing sheets of material |
| KR0184124B1 (ko) * | 1996-04-16 | 1999-03-20 | 손욱 | 다중대전 현상건 |
| US6123269A (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-09-26 | Nordson Corporation | Liquid dispensing system and method for electrostatically deflecting a continuous strand of high viscosity viscoelastic nonconductive liquid |
| DE60122414T2 (de) * | 2000-04-01 | 2006-12-21 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Verbrennungssystem für eine Gasturbine |
| DE10049204A1 (de) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-04-11 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur elektrostatischen Zerstäubung eines flüssigen Mediums |
| JP2002370364A (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2002-12-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 液体噴出方法および液体噴出装置 |
| JP4275965B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-18 | 2009-06-10 | 旭サナック株式会社 | 静電霧化装置及び静電霧化方法 |
| US7360724B2 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2008-04-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Electrostatic spray nozzle with internal and external electrodes |
| US7661468B2 (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2010-02-16 | Ventiva, Inc. | Electro-hydrodynamic gas flow cooling system |
| JP2008043944A (ja) * | 2006-07-21 | 2008-02-28 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 微粒子の製造方法及び装置 |
| GB2442210B (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2011-12-07 | Yu Tung Invest Holdings Ltd | Powder spray coating discharge assembly |
| GB2443431B (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-12-03 | Siemens Ag | Fuel-injector nozzle |
| JP5083751B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-01 | 2012-11-28 | 学校法人金沢工業大学 | 電気流体力学ポンプ |
| JP2008153322A (ja) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-07-03 | Dainippon Screen Mfg Co Ltd | 二流体ノズル、基板処理装置および基板処理方法 |
-
2009
- 2009-09-29 FR FR0904634A patent/FR2950545B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-09-27 EP EP10765678.7A patent/EP2482990B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-09-27 US US13/498,180 patent/US9188332B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-09-27 JP JP2012531532A patent/JP5800819B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-09-27 WO PCT/IB2010/054343 patent/WO2011039695A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2011039695A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2950545A1 (fr) | 2011-04-01 |
| US9188332B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
| EP2482990B1 (fr) | 2018-08-29 |
| JP5800819B2 (ja) | 2015-10-28 |
| JP2013506114A (ja) | 2013-02-21 |
| FR2950545B1 (fr) | 2012-11-30 |
| US20120228410A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
| WO2011039695A1 (fr) | 2011-04-07 |
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