EP2481905B1 - Method for controlling the speed limit of a combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for controlling the speed limit of a combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2481905B1
EP2481905B1 EP12000557.4A EP12000557A EP2481905B1 EP 2481905 B1 EP2481905 B1 EP 2481905B1 EP 12000557 A EP12000557 A EP 12000557A EP 2481905 B1 EP2481905 B1 EP 2481905B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
speed
combustion engine
internal combustion
engine
signal
Prior art date
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EP12000557.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2481905A1 (en
Inventor
Fabian Gwosdz
Claus Naegele
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Andreas Stihl AG and Co KG
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Andreas Stihl AG and Co KG
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Application filed by Andreas Stihl AG and Co KG filed Critical Andreas Stihl AG and Co KG
Priority to EP15001954.5A priority Critical patent/EP2955354B1/en
Publication of EP2481905A1 publication Critical patent/EP2481905A1/en
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Publication of EP2481905B1 publication Critical patent/EP2481905B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D31/00—Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D31/001—Electric control of rotation speed
    • F02D31/007—Electric control of rotation speed controlling fuel supply
    • F02D31/009—Electric control of rotation speed controlling fuel supply for maximum speed control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/02—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for hand-held tools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the speed limitation of an internal combustion engine in a hand-held implement according to the preamble of claim '1.
  • Portable, hand-held implements such as motorized chain saws, power cutters, hedge trimmers, brush cutters, blowers or the like are usually driven by an internal combustion engine, which must be taken on site via a starting device in operation.
  • the z. B. may be a recoil starter, the engine is placed in a start mode, d. h., the fuel supply and the combustion air supply adjusted accordingly. This can be z. B. done by the adjustment of a choke or throttle in the intake.
  • the clutch usually a centrifugal clutch, engages above an engagement speed and separates the work tool from the drive below the engagement speed.
  • a speed lock circuit is provided which keeps the instantaneous speed of the engine electronically below the engagement speed, preferably below a limit speed of the speed lock circuit forces.
  • the speed control device When the speed lock circuit is switched on, the speed control device will permanently try by controller intervention to keep the speed below the predetermined limit speed of the speed lock circuit. Therefore, after the startup phase has elapsed, the speed lock circuit must be turned off so that the user can use the entire engine speed band for work.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method which causes without additional sensors with little technical effort to turn off a speed lock circuit.
  • the object is achieved in that a deactivation signal for switching off the speed lock circuit is generated and applied only when an operating change signal of the internal combustion engine is detected, so the operating state of the engine is changed.
  • an operation change signal is derived from the increase in the course of the instantaneous speed over time. If the user is full throttle when the speed lockout circuit is engaged, the speed increase, ie the speed swing over a time unit, will be significantly steeper than during the startup mode of the internal combustion engine. This can be done in a simple manner without additional sensors by monitoring the slope, so the mathematically first derivative of the course of the instantaneous speed over time, d. H. ⁇ n / ⁇ t occur. If there is a significantly steeper speed increase, ie if the mathematical value ⁇ n / ⁇ t is greater than a predefined threshold value, an operating change signal is generated which leads to a deactivation signal for the speed lockup circuit.
  • the deactivation signal is generated only when a predeterminable time has elapsed after the start of the internal combustion engine. This will ensure that the internal combustion engine has reached a stable operating condition before the entire speed band is released.
  • a hand-held implement 1 is shown using the example of a motor chain saw.
  • This portable, hand-held implement 1 is exemplary of other portable, hand-held implements such.
  • cutters, hedge trimmers, brushcutters, pruners, blowers or the like are examples of portable, hand-held implements such.
  • the illustrated implement 1 has a housing 31, which essentially serves to receive an internal combustion engine 8.
  • the engine 8 is a one-cylinder two-stroke engine, a design as a single-cylinder four-stroke engine may be appropriate.
  • the implement 1 has a arranged in the longitudinal direction of the housing 31 rear handle 2 and a front, bow-shaped handle 3, which extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the housing 31 via the top thereof.
  • the front handle 3, a hand guard 32 is assigned as a trigger of a safety brake device not shown in the illustrated embodiment, a motor chain saw.
  • a guide rail 34 is fixed on the side opposite the handle 2, in the circumferential groove of a saw chain 35 is guided.
  • the saw chain 35 is driven by a not shown drive pinion and a clutch 33 from a crankshaft 13 of the engine 8.
  • the crankshaft 13 is connected via a connecting rod 11 with a piston 10 in connection, which limits a combustion chamber 22 in the cylinder 9 of the internal combustion engine 8.
  • the necessary for the operation of the engine fuel / air mixture is sucked through an intake passage 38 into the crankcase 12 of the engine 8 and ignited in the combustion chamber 22 via a spark plug 23.
  • the fuel / air mixture is from a fuel system 40, which is accommodated in an air filter box 4 of the housing 31 and fed from a fuel tank 41.
  • a throttle lever 5 for controlling the rotational speed of the engine 8 is provided on the inside; on the gas lever 5 opposite longitudinal side of the handle 2, a throttle lever lock 7 is arranged.
  • the throttle lever 5 can be operated only when the throttle lock 7 is depressed.
  • a mode selector 39 is provided which can assume operating positions such as “stop”, “operation”, “start” or the like.
  • the engine is switched to the respective corresponding operating state.
  • the internal combustion engine is started by a recoil starter 6, which - in a known manner - engages one end of the crankshaft 13 and rotates it to start the internal combustion engine 8.
  • Fig. 2 an internal combustion engine is shown in the basic structure of the engine 8 in the hand-held implement after Fig. 1 equivalent.
  • a fuel valve 17 is provided which opens into an overflow channel 20 of the two-stroke engine.
  • the volume of the crankcase 12 is connected via two symmetrically arranged overflow channels 20 and 21 with the combustion chamber 22.
  • the combustion air sucked into the crankcase 12 via an inlet 16 is conveyed into the combustion chamber 22 and, together with the fuel introduced into the overflow channel 20, is conveyed into the combustion chamber 22.
  • the mixture is ignited by the spark plug 23, wherein during the downward stroke of the piston 10, the outlet 19 opens and the combustion gases via a silencer 36 (FIGS. Fig. 1 ) dissipates.
  • the spark plug 23 is connected to an ignition device 30, which in response to the signals of an ignition module 24 and other variables spark on the spark plug 23 triggers.
  • the ignition module 24 cooperates with a rotating fan wheel 15, which is fastened on one end of the crankshaft 13 and correspondingly has circulating magnets for induction of the ignition energy in the ignition module 24.
  • a generator 14 which may also provide the energy required for ignition of the spark plug 23.
  • the alternator 14 is connected to the ignition device 30 and feeds the alternating current signals into the ignition device 30.
  • the generator 14 also provides a speed signal available, whereby the instantaneous speed n of the crankshaft 13 and the engine 8 is reported to the ignition device 30.
  • the adjoining an intake port 16 of the engine 8 opens into the crankcase 12 and is controlled by the reciprocating piston 10.
  • a position sensor 26 is arranged at the throttle valve 18.
  • a position sensor 28 can be arranged on the choke flap, which, for example, indicates an operating change, namely the operating mode "start", when the choke is closed.
  • a sensor 29 may be arranged on the mode selector 39.
  • a sensor for. B. a pressure sensor 37 may be attached.
  • the prevailing in the intake negative pressure can be directly close to the operating condition of the engine.
  • the throttle lever 5 a position sensor 25 and the throttle lock 7 to a position sensor 27, wherein both sensors 25 and 27 each emit a signal when operating the respective lever.
  • the ignition device 30 includes a speed control device 50, which is associated with a speed lock circuit 51.
  • a speed control device 50 By means of the speed control device 50, unacceptable speed states of the internal combustion engine 8 are to be avoided. So z. B. via the speed control device 50, the maximum speed of the engine 8 is set as well as an idle speed of the engine.
  • the speed lock circuit 51 specifies a limit speed n G , over which the speed should not increase, in particular at the start of the engine 8.
  • the predetermined limit speed n G is below an engagement speed of the clutch 33, which is designed in particular as a centrifugal clutch.
  • the centrifugal clutch produces a drive connection with the working tool of the implement 1 as a function of the engine speed, wherein a torque-transmitting drive connection with the crankshaft 13 is established above an engagement speed of the clutch 33.
  • a torque-transmitting drive connection with the crankshaft 13 is established above an engagement speed of the clutch 33.
  • Below the Einkuppelprintiere the drive connection is interrupted, so that the working tool is.
  • the working tool does not start uncontrollably.
  • engages the speed lock circuit whose limit speed n G with a safe distance below the Einkuppelprintiere the centrifugal clutch. This ensures that at fixed start settings, the engine 8 does not run above the limit speed.
  • the speed lock circuit 51 is only in the operation of the internal combustion engine, d. H. after completion of the starting phase of the internal combustion engine, switched off by generating a deactivation signal.
  • the deactivation signal is z. B. generated by the speed control device 50 when an operating change signal of the implement is detected, so there is a change in the operating mode of the implement.
  • the speed lock circuit 51 is initially turned on.
  • the speed lock circuit 51 thus provides the speed control device 50 with a limit speed n G.
  • the speed control device ensures that the instantaneous speed n remains below the limit speed n G.
  • the operation change signal is processed in the rotation speed control device 50 and in the rotation lock circuit 51, respectively, and in response, the rotation lock circuit 51 is turned off.
  • the user has the full speed bandwidth of the internal combustion engine available for his work.
  • the speed lock circuit 51 After the speed lock circuit 51 is turned off, it is constantly checked whether the engine is still in operation. If the user turns off the machine, the speed lock circuit 51 is immediately activated, so that at a next start of the engine, the speed lock circuit 51 limits the allowable speed back to the limit speed n G below the Einkuppelprintiere the clutch 33.
  • An operation change signal can now be derived from the increase in the instantaneous speed n over time. If the user suddenly gives full throttle, the speed increase of the instantaneous speed n, ie the speed increase over a unit of time, will be significantly steeper than idling the machine. In a simple way, the slope, ie the mathematically first derivative of the course of the instantaneous speed over time, ie .DELTA.n / .DELTA.t monitored. If there is a significantly steeper speed increase, ie if the mathematical value ⁇ n / ⁇ t is greater than a predefined threshold value, an operating change signal is generated, which leads to the deactivation signal for the speed lock circuit 51. Without a sensor, the system can detect that the user is using the machine on the job and turning off the speed lock circuit 51.
  • the operating change signal may be advantageous, in the presence of the operating change signal, to generate the deactivation signal for the rotational speed blocking circuit 51 only when a predetermined time has elapsed after the start of the internal combustion engine. In the same way, it may be expedient to generate the deactivation signal only when the operating change signal is present for a predetermined period of time. In a development of the invention, the operating change signal can also form the deactivation signal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Steuerung der Drehzahlbegrenzung eines Verbrennungsmotors in einem handgeführten Arbeitsgerät nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs' 1.The invention relates to a method for controlling the speed limitation of an internal combustion engine in a hand-held implement according to the preamble of claim '1.

Tragbare, handgeführte Arbeitsgeräte wie Motorkettensägen, Trennschleifer, Heckenscheren, Freischneider, Blasgeräte oder dgl. werden meist von einem Verbrennungsmotor angetrieben, der vor Ort über eine Starteinrichtung in Betrieb genommen werden muss. Vor Betätigung der Starteinrichtung, die z. B. ein Seilzugstarter sein kann, wird der Verbrennungsmotor in einen Startmodus versetzt, d. h., die Kraftstoffzufuhr und die Verbrennungsluftzufuhr entsprechend eingestellt. Dies kann z. B. durch die Verstellung einer Chokeklappe oder einer Drosselklappe im Ansaugkanal erfolgen.Portable, hand-held implements such as motorized chain saws, power cutters, hedge trimmers, brush cutters, blowers or the like are usually driven by an internal combustion engine, which must be taken on site via a starting device in operation. Before pressing the starting device, the z. B. may be a recoil starter, the engine is placed in a start mode, d. h., the fuel supply and the combustion air supply adjusted accordingly. This can be z. B. done by the adjustment of a choke or throttle in the intake.

Läuft der Verbrennungsmotor nach mehreren Starthüben an, muss dafür Sorge getragen werden, dass die Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors in der Startphase nicht über die Einkuppeldrehzahl der Kupplung ansteigt, über die das Arbeitswerkzeug angetrieben ist. Die Kupplung, meist eine Fliehkraftkupplung, kuppelt oberhalb einer Einkuppeldrehzahl ein und trennt unterhalb der Einkuppeldrehzahl das Arbeitswerkzeug vom Antrieb. Um sicherzustellen, dass in der Startphase des Verbrennungsmotors dessen Drehzahl nicht über die Einkuppeldrehzahl ansteigt, ist eine Drehzahlsperrschaltung vorgesehen, die die Momentandrehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors elektronisch unterhalb der Einkuppeldrehzahl hält, vorzugsweise unterhalb eine Grenzdrehzahl der Drehzahlsperrschaltung zwingt.If the internal combustion engine starts after several start strokes, it must be ensured that the speed of the internal combustion engine in the starting phase does not rise above the engagement speed of the clutch via which the working tool is driven. The clutch, usually a centrifugal clutch, engages above an engagement speed and separates the work tool from the drive below the engagement speed. To ensure that in the starting phase of the engine whose speed does not rise above the engagement speed, a speed lock circuit is provided which keeps the instantaneous speed of the engine electronically below the engagement speed, preferably below a limit speed of the speed lock circuit forces.

Bei eingeschalteter Drehzahlsperrschaltung wird die Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung durch Reglereingriffe permanent versuchen, die Drehzahl unterhalb der vorgegebenen Grenzdrehzahl der Drehzahlsperrschaltung zu halten. Daher muss, nach Ablauf der Startphase, die Drehzahlsperrschaltung ausgeschaltet werden, damit der Benutzer das gesamte Drehzahlband des Verbrennungsmotors für den Arbeitseinsatz nutzen kann.When the speed lock circuit is switched on, the speed control device will permanently try by controller intervention to keep the speed below the predetermined limit speed of the speed lock circuit. Therefore, after the startup phase has elapsed, the speed lock circuit must be turned off so that the user can use the entire engine speed band for work.

Aus der EP 2 087 973 A1 ist das Einschalten einer Drehzahlsperrschaltung in Abhängigkeit des Signals eines Sensors einer Bremseinrichtung bekannt. Es soll so ein Start des Verbrennungsmotors mit offener Bremseinrichtung vermieden werden. Auf welche Weise eine aktiv geschaltete Drehzahlsperrschaltung zu deaktivieren ist, wird nur beispielhaft erläutert, z. B. durch ein Zeitglied, eine vom Benutzer zu betätigende Drucktaste oder durch das Signal eines Sensors am Gashebel.From the EP 2 087 973 A1 is the switching on a speed lock circuit in response to the signal of a sensor of a braking device known. It should be avoided as a start of the engine with an open braking device. The manner in which an actively switched speed lockout circuit is to be deactivated is explained by way of example only, for example. Example, by a timer, a user-actuated pushbutton or by the signal of a sensor on the throttle.

Nach der WO 2009/085006 A1 wird vorgeschlagen, zur Deaktivierung einer Drehzahlsperrschaltung Ereignisse zu erfassen, die eine bestimmte Abfolge aufweisen müssen. So muss zur Deaktivierung erst ein "high state" des Verbrennungsmotors und danach ein "low state" des Verbrennungsmotors festgestellt werden, um die Drehzahlsperrschaltung auszuschalten. Alternativ soll der Benutzer einen Knopf oder einen Hebel betätigen, um die Drehzahlsperrschaltung abzuschalten.After WO 2009/085006 A1 It is proposed to detect events that have to have a specific sequence in order to deactivate a speed lockout circuit. Thus, to deactivate first a "high state" of the internal combustion engine and then a "low state" of the internal combustion engine must be determined to turn off the speed lock circuit. Alternatively, the user should press a button or lever to turn off the speed lock circuit.

In der US 2010/0012084 A1 werden weitere Szenarien vorgeschlagen, nach deren Auftreten eine Deaktivierung der Drehzahlsperrschaltung zugelassen wird.In the US 2010/0012084 A1 Further scenarios are proposed, after the occurrence of a deactivation of the speed lock circuit is allowed.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, welches ohne zusätzliche Sensoren mit geringem technischen Aufwand das Ausschalten einer Drehzahlsperrschaltung bewirkt.The invention has for its object to provide a method which causes without additional sensors with little technical effort to turn off a speed lock circuit.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass ein Deaktivierungssignal zum Abschalten der Drehzahlsperrschaltung erst dann generiert und angewendet wird, wenn ein Betriebsänderungssignal des Verbrennungsmotors festgestellt wird, also der Betriebszustand des Verbrennungsmotors geändert ist.The object is achieved in that a deactivation signal for switching off the speed lock circuit is generated and applied only when an operating change signal of the internal combustion engine is detected, so the operating state of the engine is changed.

Nach der Erfindung wird ein Betriebsänderungssignal aus dem Anstieg des Verlaufs der Momentandrehzahl über der Zeit abgeleitet. Gibt der Benutzer bei eingeschalteter Drehzahlsperrschaltung Vollgas, wird der Drehzahlanstieg, also der Drehzahlhub über einer Zeiteinheit, signifikant steiler sein als während des Startmodus des Verbrennungsmotors. Dies kann in einfacher Weise ohne zusätzliche Sensoren durch Überwachung der Steigung, also der mathematisch ersten Ableitung des Verlaufs der Momentandrehzahl über der Zeit, d. h. Δn/Δt erfolgen. Liegt ein signifikant steiler Drehzahlanstieg vor, ist also der mathematische Wert Δn/Δt größer als ein vorgegebener Schwellwert, wird ein Betriebsänderungssignal generiert, welches zu einem Deaktivierungssignal für die Drehzahlsperrschaltung führt.According to the invention, an operation change signal is derived from the increase in the course of the instantaneous speed over time. If the user is full throttle when the speed lockout circuit is engaged, the speed increase, ie the speed swing over a time unit, will be significantly steeper than during the startup mode of the internal combustion engine. This can be done in a simple manner without additional sensors by monitoring the slope, so the mathematically first derivative of the course of the instantaneous speed over time, d. H. Δn / Δt occur. If there is a significantly steeper speed increase, ie if the mathematical value Δn / Δt is greater than a predefined threshold value, an operating change signal is generated which leads to a deactivation signal for the speed lockup circuit.

Dadurch ist ohne größeren technischen Aufwand die Möglichkeit geschaffen, die Drehzahlsperrschaltung zu deaktivieren, sobald der Benutzer Vollgas gibt.As a result, the possibility is created without major technical effort to disable the speed lock circuit as soon as the user is full throttle.

Vorteilhaft wird das Deaktivierungssignal erst dann erzeugt, wenn eine vorgebbare Zeit nach dem Start des Verbrennungsmotors abgelaufen ist. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass der Verbrennungsmotor einen stabilen Betriebszustand erreicht hat, bevor das gesamte Drehzahlband freigegeben wird.Advantageously, the deactivation signal is generated only when a predeterminable time has elapsed after the start of the internal combustion engine. This will ensure that the internal combustion engine has reached a stable operating condition before the entire speed band is released.

Es kann auch zweckmäßig sein, das Deaktivierungssignal erst dann zu erzeugen, wenn das Betriebsänderungssignal für eine vorgegebene Zeitspanne anliegt.It may also be expedient to generate the deactivation signal only when the operating change signal is applied for a predetermined period of time.

Merkmale der Erfindung sind in der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung wiedergegeben, in der ein nachfolgend im Einzelnen beschriebenes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt ist. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
in schematischer Seitenansicht eine Motorkettensäge mit einem Verbrennungsmotor,
Fig. 2
eine Prinzipdarstellung einer teilgeschnittenen Motoreinheit für handgetragene Arbeitsgeräte nach Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
in schematischer Darstellung ein Ablaufdiagramm zur Betriebsweise einer Drehzahlsperrschaltung.
Features of the invention are given in the description and the drawing, in which an embodiment of the invention described in detail below is shown. Show it:
Fig. 1
in a schematic side view of a motor chain saw with an internal combustion engine,
Fig. 2
a schematic diagram of a partially cut motor unit for hand-held tools after Fig. 1 .
Fig. 3
a schematic diagram of a flowchart for the operation of a speed lock circuit.

In Fig. 1 ist schematisch ein handgeführtes Arbeitsgerät 1 am Beispiel einer Motorkettensäge dargestellt. Dieses tragbare, handgeführte Arbeitsgerät 1 steht beispielhaft für andere tragbare, handgeführte Arbeitsgeräte wie z. B. Trennschleifer, Heckenscheren, Freischneider, Hochentaster, Blasgeräte oder dgl..In Fig. 1 schematically a hand-held implement 1 is shown using the example of a motor chain saw. This portable, hand-held implement 1 is exemplary of other portable, hand-held implements such. As cutters, hedge trimmers, brushcutters, pruners, blowers or the like ..

Das dargestellte Arbeitsgerät 1 weist ein Gehäuse 31 auf, das im Wesentlichen der Aufnahme eines Verbrennungsmotors 8 dient. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Verbrennungsmotor 8 ein einzylindriger Zweitaktmotor, eine Ausbildung als einzylindriger Viertaktmotor kann zweckmäßig sein.The illustrated implement 1 has a housing 31, which essentially serves to receive an internal combustion engine 8. In the illustrated embodiment, the engine 8 is a one-cylinder two-stroke engine, a design as a single-cylinder four-stroke engine may be appropriate.

Das Arbeitsgerät 1 weist einen in Längsrichtung des Gehäuses 31 angeordneten hinteren Handgriff 2 sowie einen vorderen, bügelartigen Handgriff 3 auf, der sich quer zur Längsrichtung des Gehäuses 31 über dessen Oberseite erstreckt. Dem vorderen Handgriff 3 ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Motorkettensäge ein Handschutz 32 als Auslöser einer nicht näher dargestellten Sicherheitsbremseinrichtung zugeordnet.The implement 1 has a arranged in the longitudinal direction of the housing 31 rear handle 2 and a front, bow-shaped handle 3, which extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the housing 31 via the top thereof. The front handle 3, a hand guard 32 is assigned as a trigger of a safety brake device not shown in the illustrated embodiment, a motor chain saw.

In Längsrichtung des Gehäuses 31 ist auf der dem Handgriff 2 gegenüberliegenden Seite eine Führungsschiene 34 festgelegt, in deren umlaufender Nut eine Sägekette 35 geführt ist. Die Sägekette 35 ist über ein nicht näher dargestelltes Antriebsritzel und eine Kupplung 33 von einer Kurbelwelle 13 des Verbrennungsmotors 8 angetrieben. Die Kurbelwelle 13 steht über ein Pleuel 11 mit einem Kolben 10 in Verbindung, der einen Brennraum 22 im Zylinder 9 des Verbrennungsmotors 8 begrenzt. Das zum Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors notwendige Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch wird über einen Ansaugkanal 38 in das Kurbelgehäuse 12 des Verbrennungsmotors 8 angesaugt und im Brennraum 22 über eine Zündkerze 23 gezündet. Das Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch wird von einem Kraftstoffsystem 40 bereitgestellt, welches in einem Luftfilterkasten 4 des Gehäuses 31 aufgenommen ist und aus einem Kraftstofftank 41 gespeist wird.In the longitudinal direction of the housing 31, a guide rail 34 is fixed on the side opposite the handle 2, in the circumferential groove of a saw chain 35 is guided. The saw chain 35 is driven by a not shown drive pinion and a clutch 33 from a crankshaft 13 of the engine 8. The crankshaft 13 is connected via a connecting rod 11 with a piston 10 in connection, which limits a combustion chamber 22 in the cylinder 9 of the internal combustion engine 8. The necessary for the operation of the engine fuel / air mixture is sucked through an intake passage 38 into the crankcase 12 of the engine 8 and ignited in the combustion chamber 22 via a spark plug 23. The fuel / air mixture is from a fuel system 40, which is accommodated in an air filter box 4 of the housing 31 and fed from a fuel tank 41.

Im hinteren Handgriff 2 des Arbeitsgerätes 1 ist auf der Innenseite ein Gashebel 5 zur Steuerung der Drehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors 8 vorgesehen; auf der dem Gashebel 5 gegenüberliegenden Längsseite des Handgriffs 2 ist eine Gashebelsperre 7 angeordnet. Der Gashebel 5 kann nur dann betätigt werden, wenn die Gashebelsperre 7 niedergedrückt ist.In the rear handle 2 of the implement 1, a throttle lever 5 for controlling the rotational speed of the engine 8 is provided on the inside; on the gas lever 5 opposite longitudinal side of the handle 2, a throttle lever lock 7 is arranged. The throttle lever 5 can be operated only when the throttle lock 7 is depressed.

Ferner ist im Bereich des Gashebels 5 am Gehäuse 31 ein Betriebsartensteller 39 vorgesehen, der Betriebsstellungen wie "Stopp", "Betrieb", "Start" oder dgl. einnehmen kann. Über den Betriebsartensteller 39 wird der Verbrennungsmotor in den jeweils entsprechenden Betriebszustand geschaltet.Further, in the area of the throttle lever 5 on the housing 31, a mode selector 39 is provided which can assume operating positions such as "stop", "operation", "start" or the like. About the mode selector 39, the engine is switched to the respective corresponding operating state.

Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 wird der Verbrennungsmotor durch einen Seilzugstarter 6 gestartet, der - in bekannter Weise - an einem Ende der Kurbelwelle 13 angreift und diese zum Start des Verbrennungsmotors 8 dreht.In the illustrated embodiment according to Fig. 1 the internal combustion engine is started by a recoil starter 6, which - in a known manner - engages one end of the crankshaft 13 and rotates it to start the internal combustion engine 8.

In Fig. 2 ist ein Verbrennungsmotor dargestellt, der im Grundaufbau dem Verbrennungsmotor 8 in dem handgeführten Arbeitsgerät nach Fig. 1 entspricht. Anstelle des Kraftstoffsystems 40 am Ansaugkanal 38 ist zum Einbringen von Kraftstoff im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 2 ein Kraftstoffventil 17 vorgesehen, welches in einen Überströmkanal 20 des Zweitaktmotors mündet. In der dargestellten Stellung des Kolbens 10 nahe dem unteren Totpunkt ist das Volumen des Kurbelgehäuses 12 über je zwei symmetrisch angeordnete Überströmkanäle 20 und 21 mit dem Brennraum 22 verbunden. Über die Überströmkanäle 20 und 21 wird die über einen Einlass 16 in das Kurbelgehäuse 12 angesaugte Verbrennungsluft in den Brennraum 22 gefördert und - zusammen mit dem in den Überströmkanal 20 eingebrachten Kraftstoff - in den Brennraum 22 gefördert. Dort wird das Gemisch von der Zündkerze 23 gezündet, wobei beim Abwärtshub des Kolbens 10 der Auslass 19 öffnet und die Verbrennungsgase über einen Schalldämpfer 36 (Fig. 1) abführt. Die Zündkerze 23 ist mit einer Zündeinrichtung 30 verbunden, die in Abhängigkeit der Signale eines Zündmoduls 24 und anderen Variablen einen Zündfunken an der Zündkerze 23 auslöst. Das Zündmodul 24 arbeitet mit einem rotierenden Lüfterrad 15 zusammen, welches auf dem einen Ende der Kurbelwelle 13 befestigt ist und entsprechend umlaufende Magnete zur Induktion der Zündenergie im Zündmodul 24 aufweist.In Fig. 2 an internal combustion engine is shown in the basic structure of the engine 8 in the hand-held implement after Fig. 1 equivalent. Instead of the fuel system 40 on the intake passage 38 is for introducing fuel in the embodiment according to Fig. 2 a fuel valve 17 is provided which opens into an overflow channel 20 of the two-stroke engine. In the illustrated position of the piston 10 near the bottom dead center, the volume of the crankcase 12 is connected via two symmetrically arranged overflow channels 20 and 21 with the combustion chamber 22. Via the overflow channels 20 and 21, the combustion air sucked into the crankcase 12 via an inlet 16 is conveyed into the combustion chamber 22 and, together with the fuel introduced into the overflow channel 20, is conveyed into the combustion chamber 22. There, the mixture is ignited by the spark plug 23, wherein during the downward stroke of the piston 10, the outlet 19 opens and the combustion gases via a silencer 36 (FIGS. Fig. 1 ) dissipates. The spark plug 23 is connected to an ignition device 30, which in response to the signals of an ignition module 24 and other variables spark on the spark plug 23 triggers. The ignition module 24 cooperates with a rotating fan wheel 15, which is fastened on one end of the crankshaft 13 and correspondingly has circulating magnets for induction of the ignition energy in the ignition module 24.

Es kann zweckmäßig sein, auf der Kurbelwelle 13 des Verbrennungsmotors 8 einen Generator 14 anzuordnen, der ebenfalls die zur Zündung von der Zündkerze 23 benötigte Energie bereitstellen kann. Der Wechselstromgenerator 14 ist mit der Zündeinrichtung 30 verbunden und speist die Wechselstromsignale in die Zündeinrichtung 30 ein. Der Generator 14 stellt ferner ein Drehzahlsignal zur Verfügung, wodurch die Momentandrehzahl n der Kurbelwelle 13 bzw. des Verbrennungsmotors 8 an die Zündeinrichtung 30 gemeldet wird.It may be expedient to arrange on the crankshaft 13 of the internal combustion engine 8 a generator 14, which may also provide the energy required for ignition of the spark plug 23. The alternator 14 is connected to the ignition device 30 and feeds the alternating current signals into the ignition device 30. The generator 14 also provides a speed signal available, whereby the instantaneous speed n of the crankshaft 13 and the engine 8 is reported to the ignition device 30.

Der an einen Ansaugkanal anschließende Einlass 16 des Verbrennungsmotors 8 mündet in das Kurbelgehäuse 12 und ist von dem auf- und abgehenden Kolben 10 gesteuert. An der Drosselklappe 18 ist ein Stellungssensor 26 angeordnet.The adjoining an intake port 16 of the engine 8 opens into the crankcase 12 and is controlled by the reciprocating piston 10. At the throttle valve 18, a position sensor 26 is arranged.

In gleicher Weise kann an der Chokeklappe ein Stellungssensor 28 angeordnet sein, der beispielhaft bei geschlossenem Choke eine Betriebsänderung, nämlich den Betriebsmodus "Start" anzeigt.In the same way, a position sensor 28 can be arranged on the choke flap, which, for example, indicates an operating change, namely the operating mode "start", when the choke is closed.

Entsprechend kann am Betriebsartensteller 39 ein Sensor 29 angeordnet sein.Accordingly, a sensor 29 may be arranged on the mode selector 39.

Auch kann z. B. im Ansaugkanal 38 ein Sensor, z. B. ein Drucksensor 37 angebracht sein. Der im Ansaugkanal herrschende Unterdruck lässt unmittelbar auf den Betriebszustand des Verbrennungsmotors schließen.Also, z. B. in the intake passage 38, a sensor, for. B. a pressure sensor 37 may be attached. The prevailing in the intake negative pressure can be directly close to the operating condition of the engine.

Vorteilhaft weist der Gashebel 5 einen Stellungssensor 25 und die Gashebelsperre 7 einen Stellungssensor 27 auf, wobei beide Sensoren 25 und 27 jeweils beim Betätigen des jeweiligen Hebels ein Signal abgeben.Advantageously, the throttle lever 5 a position sensor 25 and the throttle lock 7 to a position sensor 27, wherein both sensors 25 and 27 each emit a signal when operating the respective lever.

Die Zündeinrichtung 30 umfasst eine Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung 50, der eine Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 zugeordnet ist. Mittels der Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung 50 sollen unzulässige Drehzahlzustände des Verbrennungsmotors 8 vermieden werden. So wird z. B. über die Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung 50 die Höchstdrehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors 8 ebenso eingestellt wie eine Leerlaufdrehzahl des Verbrennungsmotors. Die Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 gibt eine Grenzdrehzahl nG vor, über die die Drehzahl insbesondere beim Start des Verbrennungsmotors 8 nicht ansteigen soll. Die vorgegebene Grenzdrehzahl nG liegt unterhalb einer Einkuppeldrehzahl der Kupplung 33, die insbesondere als Fliehkraftkupplung ausgebildet ist. Die Fliehkraftkupplung stellt in Abhängigkeit der Motordrehzahl eine Antriebsverbindung mit dem Arbeitswerkzeug des Arbeitsgerätes 1 her, wobei oberhalb einer Einkuppeldrehzahl der Kupplung 33 eine drehmomentübertragende Antriebsverbindung mit der Kurbelwelle 13 hergestellt ist. Unterhalb der Einkuppeldrehzahl ist die Antriebsverbindung unterbrochen, so dass das Arbeitswerkzeug steht. Insbesondere beim Start des Verbrennungsmotors mittels eines Seilzugstarters 6 ist gefordert, dass das Arbeitswerkzeug nicht unkontrolliert anläuft. Hier greift die Drehzahlsperrschaltung, deren Grenzdrehzahl nG mit einem Sicherheitsabstand unterhalb der Einkuppeldrehzahl der Fliehkraftkupplung liegt. Damit ist sichergestellt, dass bei festen Starteinstellungen der Verbrennungsmotor 8 nicht über die Grenzdrehzahl hochläuft.The ignition device 30 includes a speed control device 50, which is associated with a speed lock circuit 51. By means of the speed control device 50, unacceptable speed states of the internal combustion engine 8 are to be avoided. So z. B. via the speed control device 50, the maximum speed of the engine 8 is set as well as an idle speed of the engine. The speed lock circuit 51 specifies a limit speed n G , over which the speed should not increase, in particular at the start of the engine 8. The predetermined limit speed n G is below an engagement speed of the clutch 33, which is designed in particular as a centrifugal clutch. The centrifugal clutch produces a drive connection with the working tool of the implement 1 as a function of the engine speed, wherein a torque-transmitting drive connection with the crankshaft 13 is established above an engagement speed of the clutch 33. Below the Einkuppeldrehzahl the drive connection is interrupted, so that the working tool is. In particular, at the start of the internal combustion engine by means of a cable starter 6 is required that the working tool does not start uncontrollably. Here engages the speed lock circuit whose limit speed n G with a safe distance below the Einkuppeldrehzahl the centrifugal clutch. This ensures that at fixed start settings, the engine 8 does not run above the limit speed.

Die Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 wird erst im Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors, d. h. nach Abschluss der Startphase des Verbrennungsmotors, durch Erzeugen eines Deaktivierungssignals abgeschaltet. Das Deaktivierungssignal wird z. B. von der Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung 50 dann generiert, wenn ein Betriebsänderungssignal des Arbeitsgerätes festgestellt wird, also eine Änderung des Betriebsmodus des Arbeitsgerätes vorliegt.The speed lock circuit 51 is only in the operation of the internal combustion engine, d. H. after completion of the starting phase of the internal combustion engine, switched off by generating a deactivation signal. The deactivation signal is z. B. generated by the speed control device 50 when an operating change signal of the implement is detected, so there is a change in the operating mode of the implement.

Eine derartige permanente Abfrage, die in der Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung 50 ablaufen kann, ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt.Such a permanent query that can run in the speed control device 50 is in Fig. 3 shown.

Die Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 ist zunächst eingeschaltet. Die Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 gibt damit der Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung 50 eine Grenzdrehzahl nG vor.The speed lock circuit 51 is initially turned on. The speed lock circuit 51 thus provides the speed control device 50 with a limit speed n G.

Nunmehr wird der Verbrennungsmotor 8 - über den Seilzugstarter 6 - gestartet, wobei die Momentandrehzahl n des Verbrennungsmotors permanent überwacht wird. Dabei stellt die Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung sicher, dass die Momentandrehzahl n unterhalb der Grenzdrehzahl nG verweilt.Now, the internal combustion engine 8 - via the pull starter 6 - started, the instantaneous speed n of the engine is permanently monitored. In this case, the speed control device ensures that the instantaneous speed n remains below the limit speed n G.

Nach dem Start des Verbrennungsmotors wird permanent überwacht, ob eine Betriebsänderung des Verbrennungsmotors 8 festgestellt werden kann. Das Betriebsänderungssignal wird in der Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung 50 bzw. in der Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 verarbeitet und als Reaktion die Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 ausgeschaltet. Dem Benutzer steht die volle Drehzahlbandbreite des Verbrennungsmotors für seine Arbeit zur Verfügung.After the start of the engine is constantly monitored whether a change in the operation of the engine 8 can be determined. The operation change signal is processed in the rotation speed control device 50 and in the rotation lock circuit 51, respectively, and in response, the rotation lock circuit 51 is turned off. The user has the full speed bandwidth of the internal combustion engine available for his work.

Nachdem die Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 ausgeschaltet ist, wird permanent überprüft, ob der Verbrennungsmotor noch in Betrieb ist. Schaltet der Benutzer die Maschine aus, wird die Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 sofort aktiv geschaltet, so dass bei einem nächsten Start des Verbrennungsmotors die Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 die zulässige Drehzahl wieder auf die Grenzdrehzahl nG unterhalb der Einkuppeldrehzahl der Kupplung 33 begrenzt.After the speed lock circuit 51 is turned off, it is constantly checked whether the engine is still in operation. If the user turns off the machine, the speed lock circuit 51 is immediately activated, so that at a next start of the engine, the speed lock circuit 51 limits the allowable speed back to the limit speed n G below the Einkuppeldrehzahl the clutch 33.

Im Leerlauf herrschen andere Druckverhältnisse im Ansaugkanal und auch im Kurbelgehäuse als unter Volllast. Gibt der Benutzer Vollgas, werden sich die Druckverhältnisse ändern, z. B. der Unterdruck im Ansaugkanal und/oder im Kurbelgehäuse stark sinken.At idle, other pressure conditions prevail in the intake port and also in the crankcase than under full load. If the user is full throttle, the pressure conditions will change, for. B. the negative pressure in the intake and / or sink significantly in the crankcase.

Besonders hervorzuheben ist die Möglichkeit einer sensorlosen Erfassung der Änderung des Betriebszustandes. Ist die Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 eingeschaltet, so wird die Drehzahlsteuereinrichtung 50 bei in Startstellung stehender Drosselklappe und Chokeklappe ihrer Aufgabe gerecht und die Momentandrehzahl n des Verbrennungsmotors 8 unterhalb der Grenzdrehzahl nG halten.Particularly noteworthy is the possibility of a sensorless detection of the change in the operating state. If the speed lock circuit 51 is turned on, then the speed control device 50 will do justice to its task with the throttle valve and choke flap in the starting position, and keep the instantaneous speed n of the internal combustion engine 8 below the limit speed n G.

Ein Betriebsänderungssignal kann nun aus dem Anstieg der Momentandrehzahl n über der Zeit abgeleitet werden. Gibt der Benutzer plötzlich Vollgas, wird der Drehzahlanstieg der Momentandrehzahl n, also der Drehzahlhub über einer Zeiteinheit, deutlich steiler sein als im Leerlauf der Maschine. In einfacher Weise wird die Steigung, also die mathematisch erste Ableitung des Verlaufs der Momentandrehzahl über der Zeit, d. h. Δn/Δt überwacht. Liegt ein signifikant steiler Drehzahlanstieg vor, ist also der mathematische Wert Δn/Δt größer als ein vorgegebener Schwellwert, wird ein Betriebsänderungssignal generiert, welches zum Deaktivierungssignal für die Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 führt. Ohne Sensor kann das System erkennen, dass der Benutzer die Maschine im Arbeitseinsatz nutzt und die Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 abschalten.An operation change signal can now be derived from the increase in the instantaneous speed n over time. If the user suddenly gives full throttle, the speed increase of the instantaneous speed n, ie the speed increase over a unit of time, will be significantly steeper than idling the machine. In a simple way, the slope, ie the mathematically first derivative of the course of the instantaneous speed over time, ie .DELTA.n / .DELTA.t monitored. If there is a significantly steeper speed increase, ie if the mathematical value Δn / Δt is greater than a predefined threshold value, an operating change signal is generated, which leads to the deactivation signal for the speed lock circuit 51. Without a sensor, the system can detect that the user is using the machine on the job and turning off the speed lock circuit 51.

Es kann vorteilhaft sein, bei Vorliegen des Betriebsänderungssignals das Deaktivierungssignal für die Drehzahlsperrschaltung 51 erst dann zu erzeugen, wenn eine vorgegebene Zeit nach dem Start des Verbrennungsmotors abgelaufen ist. In gleicher Weise kann es zweckmäßig sein, das Deaktivierungssignal erst dann zu generieren, wenn das Betriebsänderungssignal für eine vorgegebene Zeitspanne anliegt. In Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann das Betriebsänderungssignal zugleich das Deaktivierungssignal bilden.It may be advantageous, in the presence of the operating change signal, to generate the deactivation signal for the rotational speed blocking circuit 51 only when a predetermined time has elapsed after the start of the internal combustion engine. In the same way, it may be expedient to generate the deactivation signal only when the operating change signal is present for a predetermined period of time. In a development of the invention, the operating change signal can also form the deactivation signal.

Claims (3)

  1. Method for controlling the speed limit of an internal combustion engine (8) in a handheld tool (1), in particular a motorised chain saw, an angle grinder, a hedge trimmer, a string trimmer, a blower, or similar, wherein a cylinder (9) of the internal combustion engine (8) has a combustion chamber (22) limited by a piston (10) and the piston (10) drives, via a connecting rod (11), a crankshaft which drives a tool via a clutch (33) engaging in dependence upon the engine speed (n), wherein above a clutch engagement speed of the clutch (33) a drive connection is formed with the crankshaft (13) and below the clutch engagement speed the drive connection is interrupted, with a spark plug (23) which is arranged in the combustion chamber (22) and activated by an ignition means (30), and also with a speed control means (50) for the speed (n) of the internal combustion engine (8), comprising a speed inhibit circuit (51) which limits the speed (n) of the internal combustion engine to a threshold speed (nG) below the clutch engagement speed, wherein when the internal combustion engine (8) is started the speed inhibit circuit (51) is switched on, and the speed inhibit circuit (51) is switched off only once the internal combustion engine (8) is in operation after a disable signal has been generated,
    characterised in that
    the disable signal is generated when an operation change signal of the internal combustion engine (8) is ascertained, wherein the operation change signal is derived from the increase in the progression of the current speed (n) of the internal combustion engine (8) over time, and an operation change signal is generated when the value of the mathematical first derivation of the progression of the current speed over time Δn/Δt is greater than a predetermined threshold value.
  2. Method according to claim 1,
    characterised in that the disable signal is not generated until a predetermined time period has passed since the start.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that the disable signal is not generated until the operation change signal has been present for a predetermined time period.
EP12000557.4A 2011-02-01 2012-01-28 Method for controlling the speed limit of a combustion engine Active EP2481905B1 (en)

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US9103289B2 (en) 2015-08-11
US20120193112A1 (en) 2012-08-02
EP2955354B1 (en) 2018-08-22
DE102011010069A1 (en) 2012-08-02
EP2955354A1 (en) 2015-12-16
CN102654082B (en) 2016-05-18
EP2481905A1 (en) 2012-08-01

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