EP2480762A1 - Power plant system having overload control valve - Google Patents

Power plant system having overload control valve

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Publication number
EP2480762A1
EP2480762A1 EP10760971A EP10760971A EP2480762A1 EP 2480762 A1 EP2480762 A1 EP 2480762A1 EP 10760971 A EP10760971 A EP 10760971A EP 10760971 A EP10760971 A EP 10760971A EP 2480762 A1 EP2480762 A1 EP 2480762A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
overload
control valve
pressure
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10760971A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2480762B1 (en
Inventor
Martin Bennauer
Edwin Gobrecht
Karsten Peters
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to PL10760971T priority Critical patent/PL2480762T3/en
Priority to EP10760971.1A priority patent/EP2480762B1/en
Publication of EP2480762A1 publication Critical patent/EP2480762A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2480762B1 publication Critical patent/EP2480762B1/en
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Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/18—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbine being of multiple-inlet-pressure type
    • F01K7/20—Control means specially adapted therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power plant with a steam generator ⁇ and a steam turbine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a power plant according to the preamble of claim. 5
  • Power plants usually include a steam generator and a steam turbine, which are designed such that the internal energy of a water vapor is converted into mechanical Rotati ⁇ onsenergy.
  • the generators driven by such steam turbines are usually operated at 50 Hz for the European market and 60 Hz for the US market.
  • Modern steam turbines are exposed to a water vapor, which may have a pressure of up to 350 bar and a temperature of up to 700 ° C. This required in the steam turbine steam is he witnesses ⁇ in the steam generator, this being a challenge to the materials and components of the steam generator.
  • Particularly important components are power control, pressure control and speed control.
  • Power plants are usually required for the base load operation, which results in that the ge ⁇ entire system is blownt constant loading over a longer period of time. In a continuous operation the frequency is the
  • the steam turbine In the event that the load in the consumer network is suddenly reduced, the steam turbine must transmit a lower torque to the generator. This could be accomplished by closing the valves arranged for delivery to the steam turbine or by providing the steam generator with a lower amount of steam at a lower pressure.
  • the pressure controls are designed such that a live steam pressure is brought in a high-pressure steam system during startup of the steam turbine to a fixed pressure value.
  • a diversion line is arranged such that the high-pressure steam inlet of the steam turbine is fluidically connected to the high-pressure steam outlet of the steam turbine.
  • the invention begins, whose task is to further develop a power plant such that a power loss is further reduced.
  • the invention proposes to arrange an overload line, which forms a fluidic connection between the steam generator and an overload stage of the steam turbine, and to arrange a arranged in the overload line overload control valve that is controlled by a pressure regulator.
  • the advantage of the invention is u.a. The fact that now with pressure control and full load, the excess steam no longer needs to be passed over a diverting at the steam turbine, but is guided via the overload line in the steam turbine, but to an overload level. After the overload stage, this steam is introduced
  • the steam turbine is designed such that the overload stage, which is fluidically connected to the overload line, is designed such that the inflowing steam is converted work-giving.
  • an optimal utilization of the thermal energy of the steam is utilized, thereby increasing the efficiency of the power plant.
  • the task directed towards the method is achieved according to claim 5.
  • An essential feature of the erfindungsge ⁇ MAESSEN method is that the pressure regulator that controls the overload control valve is designed such that a desired value can be set and the bypass control valve when exceeding this setpoint opens only when the overload control valve already open.
  • the overload control valve opens at partial load and / or full load.
  • the power plant according to the invention or the inventions ⁇ inventive method for operating the power plant can be operated more flexible overall, since both the power regulator and in the form of admission pressure overload control valve can be controlled at each power.
  • a further advantage is that the starting and Leis ⁇ tung losses are lower because the overload control valve directs the steam into the steam turbine, useless instead of the steam turbine inside the capacitor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a power plant
  • the power plant 1 comprises a steam turbine 2, which summarizes 2c, a high-pressure turbine section 2a, an intermediate ⁇ pressure turbine 2b and a low pressure turbine section to ⁇ .
  • a steam generator 3 live steam passes via a live steam line 4 via a live steam control valve 5 into a high pressure steam inlet 6 of the high pressure turbine part 2a.
  • the power plant 1 comprises a diversion line 7, which the Frischdampflei ⁇ tion 4 with a high-pressure steam outlet 8 of the high-pressure part Turbine 2a fluidly connects.
  • a bypass control valve 9 is arranged in the bypass 7, a bypass control valve 9 is arranged.
  • the power plant 1 comprises an overload line 10 which connects the steam generator 3 with an overload stage 11 of the high-pressure turbine section 2a in terms of flow.
  • an overload control valve 12 is arranged ⁇ .
  • the overload control valve 12 and the bypass control valve 9 are closed, wherein the live steam control valve 5 is opened and not shown in detail
  • the effluent from the high-pressure turbine section 2a steam is referred to as a cold reheater steam and reheated in a reheater 13.
  • the effluent from the reheater 13 steam is referred to as hot superheated steam 14.
  • This hot reheated steam 14 flows via a medium-pressure control valve 15 into the medium-pressure turbine section 2b, where it is converted to work-relieving.
  • Selected from the medium-pressure turbine section 2b flowing out ⁇ steam is fluidly connected via medium pressure delivery ducts 16 with the low pressure steam inlet 17 of the low pressure turbine section 2c.
  • the effluent from the low-pressure turbine part 2c steam is passed through a Nie ⁇ derdruck-Ausströmtechnisch 18 to a condenser 19, where it is converted to water and finally fed via a feed ⁇ water pump 20 to the steam generator 3, whereby a water vapor circuit is closed.
  • the vapor converted from thermal energy to rotational energy drives a shaft 21, which in turn drives a generator 22 which eventually provides electrical energy.
  • the main steam control valve 5, the overload control valve 12 and the bypass control valve 9 are also each arranged on its own separate pressure regulator.
  • the responsible for the overload control valve 12 pressure regulator is such designed that a setpoint is adjustable and the Uberlast-control valve 12 öff ⁇ net before exceeding this setpoint before the bypass control valve 9 opens.
  • the overload-Re ⁇ gelventil 12 is here usually open at full load.
  • the 2 shows pressure curves as a function of Dampfmas ⁇ senstrom.
  • the live steam pressure 26 is plotted on the Y axis and the steam generator mass flow 25 is plotted on the X axis.
  • the sliding pressure characteristic 27 represents the usual course of operation. When the turbine valves are fully opened, the steam mass flow rates are fully absorbed by the turbine at the rated pressure.
  • the nominal value characteristic curve 28 of the bypass station runs at a pressure difference ⁇ above the sliding pressure characteristic curve 27. This has the consequence that the bypass station is not opened too early. Only when the operating pressure is increased by the Druckdiffe ⁇ ence, the diverter valves are opened.
  • an additional characteristic 29 for the overload valve control is included between the sliding pressure characteristic curve 27 and the nominal value characteristic curve 28.
  • Characteristic 29 is above the sliding pressure characteristic 27 and below the setpoint characteristic curve 28.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a power plant system (1) and a method for operating a power plant system (1), wherein an overload control valve (12) is disposed in an overload line (10) and can be actuated by means of a pressure regulator, wherein the overload control valve (12) opens before a diverting control valve (9) opens, said valve forming a bypass between the high-pressure steam inlet (6) and the high-pressure steam outlet (8), as soon as a target value is exceeded.

Description

Beschreibung description
Kraftwerksanlage mit Überlast-Regelventil Power plant with overload control valve
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kraftwerksanlage mit einem Dampf¬ erzeuger und einer Dampfturbine gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kraftwerksanlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 5. The invention relates to a power plant with a steam generator ¬ and a steam turbine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a power plant according to the preamble of claim. 5
Kraftwerksanlagen umfassen in der Regel einen Dampferzeuger sowie eine Dampfturbine, die derart ausgebildet sind, dass die innere Energie eines Wasserdampfs in mechanische Rotati¬ onsenergie umgewandelt wird. Die von solchen Dampfturbinen angetriebenen Generatoren werden in der Regel mit 50 Hz für den europäischen Markt bzw. 60 Hz für den US-amerikanischen Markt betrieben. Moderne Dampfturbinen werden mit einem Wasserdampf beaufschlagt, der einen Druck von bis zu 350 bar und eine Temperatur von bis zu 700°C aufweisen kann. Dieser in der Dampfturbine benötigte Dampf wird im Dampferzeuger er¬ zeugt, wobei dies eine Herausforderung darstellt für die Materialien und Komponenten des Dampferzeugers. Besonders wichtige Komponenten sind die Leistungsregelung, die Druckregelung und die Drehzahlregelung. Um die benötigten 50 Hz bzw. 60 Hz konstant über einen längeren benötigten Zeitraum betreiben zu können, werden hohe Anforderungen an die Regelungen gestellt. Kraftwerksanlagen werden üblicherweise für den Grundlastbetrieb benötigt, was dazu führt, dass die ge¬ samte Anlage über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg konstant be- ansprucht wird. In einem Dauerbetrieb ist die Frequenz derPower plants usually include a steam generator and a steam turbine, which are designed such that the internal energy of a water vapor is converted into mechanical Rotati ¬ onsenergie. The generators driven by such steam turbines are usually operated at 50 Hz for the European market and 60 Hz for the US market. Modern steam turbines are exposed to a water vapor, which may have a pressure of up to 350 bar and a temperature of up to 700 ° C. This required in the steam turbine steam is he witnesses ¬ in the steam generator, this being a challenge to the materials and components of the steam generator. Particularly important components are power control, pressure control and speed control. In order to be able to operate the required 50 Hz or 60 Hz constant over a longer required period of time, high demands are placed on the controls. Power plants are usually required for the base load operation, which results in that the ge ¬ entire system is ansprucht constant loading over a longer period of time. In a continuous operation the frequency is the
Dampfturbinenwelle sowie die Menge des zur Dampfturbine füh¬ renden Dampfes im Wesentlichen konstant. Es kann allerdings dennoch geschehen, dass im Falle einer plötzlich sich ändernden Last im elektrischen Verbrauchernetz die am Generator an- liegende Drehmomentübertragung sich ändert, was dazu führt, dass die Leistung der Dampfturbine sich schlagartig ändern könnte, was durch die Regelung verhindert werden soll. Eine plötzliche Änderung der Leistung der Dampfturbine ist auch durch eine mögliche Störung gegeben. Steam turbine shaft and the amount of füh ¬ steam to the steam turbine substantially constant. However, in the event of a suddenly changing load in the electrical load network, the torque transmission applied to the generator may nevertheless change, with the result that the power of the steam turbine could abruptly change, which should be prevented by the control. A sudden change in the power of the steam turbine is also given by a possible fault.
In der Regel wird eine Kraftwerksanlage im Festdruck-, Gleit- druck- oder Leistungsbetrieb betrieben. In dem konkretenAs a rule, a power plant is operated in the fixed pressure, sliding pressure or power mode. In the concrete
Fall, dass die Last im Verbrauchernetz plötzlich verringert ist, muss die Dampfturbine ein geringeres Drehmoment auf den Generator übertragen. Dies könnte dadurch umgesetzt werden, dass die für die Zuführung in die Dampfturbine angeordneten Ventile geschlossen werden oder indem der Dampferzeuger eine geringere Dampfmenge mit einem geringeren Druck zur Verfügung stellt . In the event that the load in the consumer network is suddenly reduced, the steam turbine must transmit a lower torque to the generator. This could be accomplished by closing the valves arranged for delivery to the steam turbine or by providing the steam generator with a lower amount of steam at a lower pressure.
In den heutigen Kraftwerksanlagen sind die Druckregelungen derart ausgebildet, dass ein Frischdampfdruck in einem Hochdruck-Dampfsystem während eines Anfahrens der Dampfturbine auf einen festen Druckwert gebracht wird. In der Regel wird eine Umleitleitung derart angeordnet, dass der Hochdruck- Dampfeinlass der Dampfturbine strömungstechnisch mit dem Hochdruck-Dampfauslass der Dampfturbine verbunden wird. In today's power plants, the pressure controls are designed such that a live steam pressure is brought in a high-pressure steam system during startup of the steam turbine to a fixed pressure value. As a rule, a diversion line is arranged such that the high-pressure steam inlet of the steam turbine is fluidically connected to the high-pressure steam outlet of the steam turbine.
Lastabwürfe auf Eigenbedarf oder Leerlauf von der Nennleis¬ tung werden als Störfälle bezeichnet. Dabei schließt sowohl das Frischdampf- als auch das Abfang-Stellventil im Schnell- gang. Da der Dampferzeuger jedoch die Leistung nicht so schnell senken kann, muss der überschüssige Dampf an der Dampfturbine vorbeigeleitet werden. Hierzu öffnet ein in der Umleitleitung angeordnetes Umleit-Regelventil , wodurch der überschüssige Dampf an der Dampfturbine vorbei geleitet wird. Wenn der Druck bei Volllast über den Sollwert ansteigt, dann öffnet das Überlast-Regelventil , bevor die Umleit-Regelven- tile öffnen. Allerdings wird der um die Dampfturbine vorbei¬ geleitete überschüssige Dampf nicht mehr arbeitsentspannend eingesetzt, wodurch der Wirkungsgrad der Kraftwerksanlage insgesamt verringert wird. Das Umleit-Regelventil wird derart betrieben, dass der Drucksollwert der Umleitleitung oberhalb einer Gleitdrucklinie geführt wird. Bei einem Druckanstieg über den gewählten Abstand hinaus öffnet das Umleit-Regelven- til und begrenzt den Druck nach oben, was zu einem Leistungs¬ verlust führt. Load drops on own use or idling of the Nennleis ¬ tion are referred to as accidents. In the process, both the live steam and the interception control valve close in the overdrive. However, since the steam generator can not reduce the power so quickly, the excess steam must be routed past the steam turbine. For this purpose, a bypass control valve arranged in the diversion line opens, whereby the excess steam is conducted past the steam turbine. When the pressure at full load rises above the setpoint, the overload control valve opens before the diverter valves open. However, the steam turbine by ¬ led excess steam is no longer used working relaxing, whereby the efficiency of the power plant as a whole is reduced. The bypass control valve is operated such that the pressure setpoint of the bypass is guided above a sliding pressure line. If the pressure increases beyond the selected distance, the bypass control valve opens. til and limits the upward pressure, resulting in a power loss ¬.
An dieser Stelle setzt die Erfindung an, deren Aufgabe es ist, eine Kraftwerksanlage derart weiterzuentwickeln, dass ein Leistungsverlust weiter verringert wird. At this point, the invention begins, whose task is to further develop a power plant such that a power loss is further reduced.
Dazu wird erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, eine Überlastleitung anzuordnen, die eine strömungstechnische Verbindung zwischen dem Dampferzeuger und einer Überlaststufe der Dampfturbine bildet, und ein in der Überlastleitung angeordnetes Überlast- Regelventil anzuordnen, dass über einen Druckregler angesteuert wird. Der Vorteil der Erfindung besteht u.a. darin, dass nunmehr bei Druckregelung und Volllast der überschüssige Dampf nicht mehr über eine Umleitleitung an der Dampfturbine vorbeigeführt werden muss, sondern über die Überlastleitung in die Dampfturbine geführt wird, allerdings zu einer Überlaststufe. Nach der Überlaststufe wird dieser eingeleitete Dampf For this purpose, the invention proposes to arrange an overload line, which forms a fluidic connection between the steam generator and an overload stage of the steam turbine, and to arrange a arranged in the overload line overload control valve that is controlled by a pressure regulator. The advantage of the invention is u.a. The fact that now with pressure control and full load, the excess steam no longer needs to be passed over a diverting at the steam turbine, but is guided via the overload line in the steam turbine, but to an overload level. After the overload stage, this steam is introduced
arbeitsentspannend in Rotationsenergie umgewandelt. Dies soll dadurch erreicht werden, dass, wenn der Druck bei einer Volllast über einen Sollwert ansteigt, das Überlast-Regelventil öffnet, bevor das Umleit-Regelventil in der Umleitleitung öffnet. Somit wirkt die Überlastleitung als eine Art Umleit¬ station, wodurch der Dampf in die Dampfturbine geleitet wird, anstatt nutzlos an der Dampfturbine vorbeigeführt zu werden. work-relaxing converted into rotational energy. This is to be accomplished by, when the pressure at a full load rises above a set point, open the overload control valve before the bypass control valve in the bypass opens. Thus, the overload line acts as a kind Umleit ¬ station, whereby the steam is passed into the steam turbine, instead of being useless passed by the steam turbine.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen an- gegeben. In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung wird die Dampfturbine derart ausgeführt, dass die Überlaststufe, die mit der Überlastleitung strömungstechnisch verbunden wird, derart ausgebildet ist, dass der zuströmende Dampf arbeitsabgebend umgewandelt wird. Somit wird eine optimale Ausnutzung der thermischen Energie des Dampfes ausgenutzt, um dadurch den Wirkungsgrad der Kraftwerksanlage zu erhöhen. Die auf das Verfahren hin gerichtete Aufgabe wird gemäß dem Anspruch 5 gelöst. Ein wesentliches Merkmal des erfindungsge¬ mäßen Verfahrens ist, dass der Druckregler, der das Überlast- Regelventil ansteuert, derart ausgebildet wird, dass ein Sollwert eingestellt werden kann und das Umleit-Regelventil bei einem Übersteigen dieses Sollwertes erst dann öffnet, wenn das Überlast-Regelventil bereits geöffnet ist. Advantageous developments are given in the subclaims. In an advantageous development, the steam turbine is designed such that the overload stage, which is fluidically connected to the overload line, is designed such that the inflowing steam is converted work-giving. Thus, an optimal utilization of the thermal energy of the steam is utilized, thereby increasing the efficiency of the power plant. The task directed towards the method is achieved according to claim 5. An essential feature of the erfindungsge ¬ MAESSEN method is that the pressure regulator that controls the overload control valve is designed such that a desired value can be set and the bypass control valve when exceeding this setpoint opens only when the overload control valve already open.
Vorteilhafterweise öffnet das Überlast-Regelventil bei Teil- last und/oder Volllast. Advantageously, the overload control valve opens at partial load and / or full load.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Kraftwerksanlage bzw. dem erfin¬ dungsgemäßen Verfahren zum Betreiben der Kraftwerksanlage kann das Kraftwerk insgesamt flexibler betrieben werden, da sowohl im Leistungsregler- als auch im Vordruckbetrieb das Überlast-Regelventil bei jeder Leistung angesteuert werden kann. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass die Anfahr- und Leis¬ tungsverluste geringer sind, da das Überlast-Regelventil den Dampf in die Dampfturbine leitet, anstatt nutzlos an der Dampfturbine vorbei in den Kondensator. By the power plant according to the invention or the inventions ¬ inventive method for operating the power plant, the power plant can be operated more flexible overall, since both the power regulator and in the form of admission pressure overload control valve can be controlled at each power. A further advantage is that the starting and Leis ¬ tung losses are lower because the overload control valve directs the steam into the steam turbine, useless instead of the steam turbine inside the capacitor.
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in der Figur näher erläutert. Es zeigt: FIG 1 eine Prinzipskizze einer Kraftwerksanlage, The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment in the figure. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a power plant,
FIG 2 ein Diagramm.  2 shows a diagram.
Die Kraftwerksanlage 1 gemäß FIG 1 umfasst eine Dampfturbine 2, wobei diese eine Hochdruck-Teilturbine 2a, eine Mittel¬ druck-Teilturbine 2b und eine Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2c um¬ fasst. Über einen Dampferzeuger 3 gelangt Frischdampf über eine Frischdampfleitung 4 über ein Frischdampf-Regelventil 5 in einen Hochdruck-Dampfeinlass 6 der Hochdruck-Teilturbine 2a. Zusätzlich zur Frischdampfleitung 4 umfasst die Kraftwerksanlage 1 eine Umleitleitung 7, die die Frischdampflei¬ tung 4 mit einem Hochdruck-Dampfauslass 8 der Hochdruck-Teil- turbine 2a strömungstechnisch verbindet. In der Umleitleitung 7 ist ein Umleit-Regelventil 9 angeordnet. The power plant 1 according to FIG 1 comprises a steam turbine 2, which summarizes 2c, a high-pressure turbine section 2a, an intermediate ¬ pressure turbine 2b and a low pressure turbine section to ¬. Via a steam generator 3, live steam passes via a live steam line 4 via a live steam control valve 5 into a high pressure steam inlet 6 of the high pressure turbine part 2a. In addition to the main steam line 4, the power plant 1 comprises a diversion line 7, which the Frischdampflei ¬ tion 4 with a high-pressure steam outlet 8 of the high-pressure part Turbine 2a fluidly connects. In the bypass 7, a bypass control valve 9 is arranged.
Des Weiteren umfasst die Kraftwerksanlage 1 eine Überlastlei- tung 10, die den Dampferzeuger 3 mit einer Überlaststufe 11 der Hochdruck-Teilturbine 2a strömungstechnisch verbindet. In der Überlastleitung 10 ist ein Überlast-Regelventil 12 ange¬ ordnet . Im Regelfall sind das Überlast-Regelventil 12 und das Umleit- Regelventil 9 geschlossen, wobei das Frischdampf-Regelventil 5 geöffnet ist und über einen nicht näher dargestellten Furthermore, the power plant 1 comprises an overload line 10 which connects the steam generator 3 with an overload stage 11 of the high-pressure turbine section 2a in terms of flow. In the overload line 10, an overload control valve 12 is arranged ¬ . As a rule, the overload control valve 12 and the bypass control valve 9 are closed, wherein the live steam control valve 5 is opened and not shown in detail
Druckregler oder Leistungsregler angesteuert wird. Der aus der Hochdruck-Teilturbine 2a ausströmende Dampf wird als kalter Zwischenüberhitzerdampf bezeichnet und in einem Zwischenüberhitzer 13 wieder erwärmt. Der aus dem Zwischenüberhitzer 13 ausströmende Dampf wird als heißer zwischenüberhitzter Dampf 14 bezeichnet. Dieser heiße zwischenüber- hitzte Dampf 14 strömt über ein Mitteldruck-Regelventil 15 in die Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 2b und wird dort arbeitsentspan- nend umgewandelt. Der aus der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 2b aus¬ strömende Dampf wird über Mitteldruck-Ausströmleitungen 16 mit dem Niederdruck-Dampfeinlass 17 der Niederdruck-Teiltur- bine 2c strömungstechnisch verbunden. Der aus der Niederdruck-Teilturbine 2c ausströmende Dampf wird über eine Nie¬ derdruck-Ausströmleitung 18 an einen Kondensator 19 geführt, dort zu Wasser umgewandelt und schließlich über eine Speise¬ wasserpumpe 20 zum Dampferzeuger 3 geführt, wodurch ein Was- serdampfkreislauf geschlossen ist. Der aus der thermischen Energie in Rotationsenergie umgewandelte Dampf treibt eine Welle 21 an, die wiederum einen Generator 22 antreibt, der schließlich elektrische Energie zur Verfügung stellt. Das Frischdampf-Regelventil 5, das Überlast-Regelventil 12 und das Umleit-Regelventil 9 sind ebenfalls jeweils an einen eigenen separaten Druckregler angeordnet. Der für das Überlast-Regelventil 12 zuständige Druckregler ist dabei derart ausgebildet, dass ein Sollwert einstellbar ist und bei einem Übersteigen dieses Sollwerts das Uberlast-Regelventil 12 öff¬ net, bevor das Umleit-Regelventil 9 öffnet. Das Uberlast-Re¬ gelventil 12 wird hierbei in der Regel bei Volllast geöffnet. Pressure regulator or power controller is controlled. The effluent from the high-pressure turbine section 2a steam is referred to as a cold reheater steam and reheated in a reheater 13. The effluent from the reheater 13 steam is referred to as hot superheated steam 14. This hot reheated steam 14 flows via a medium-pressure control valve 15 into the medium-pressure turbine section 2b, where it is converted to work-relieving. Selected from the medium-pressure turbine section 2b flowing out ¬ steam is fluidly connected via medium pressure delivery ducts 16 with the low pressure steam inlet 17 of the low pressure turbine section 2c. The effluent from the low-pressure turbine part 2c steam is passed through a Nie ¬ derdruck-Ausströmleitung 18 to a condenser 19, where it is converted to water and finally fed via a feed ¬ water pump 20 to the steam generator 3, whereby a water vapor circuit is closed. The vapor converted from thermal energy to rotational energy drives a shaft 21, which in turn drives a generator 22 which eventually provides electrical energy. The main steam control valve 5, the overload control valve 12 and the bypass control valve 9 are also each arranged on its own separate pressure regulator. The responsible for the overload control valve 12 pressure regulator is such designed that a setpoint is adjustable and the Uberlast-control valve 12 öff ¬ net before exceeding this setpoint before the bypass control valve 9 opens. The overload-Re ¬ gelventil 12 is here usually open at full load.
Der über die Überlaststufe 11 einströmende Dampf wird The steam flowing in via the overload stage 11 becomes
arbeitsabgebend umgewandelt, anstatt nutzlos an der Hoch¬ druck-Teilturbine 2a über die Umleitleitung 7 vorbeigeführt zu werden. Der Wirkungsgrad der Kraftwerksanlage wird hierbei weiter dadurch erhöht. converted work, rather than useless passed to the high ¬ pressure turbine section 2a on the bypass 7. The efficiency of the power plant is further increased thereby.
Zur Regelung wird eine neue Druckkennlinie für das Überlast- Regelventil 12 zwischen einer Gleitdruck-Kennlinie der Hoch¬ druck-Teilturbine 2a und der Hochdruck-Umleit-Kennlinie ge- legt. Wenn der Frischdampfdruck über diese neue Druckkennlinie ansteigt, öffnet das Überlast-Regelventil 12 und nicht das Umleit-Regelventil 9. Das Überlast-Regelventil 12 regelt anschließend einen durch die neue Druckkennlinie vorgegebenen Druck. Dadurch wird der Frischdampf über das Überlast-Regel- ventil 12 in der Hochdruck-Teilturbine 2a genutzt und nicht nutzlos an der Dampfturbine 2 vorbei in den Kondensator 19 geleitet . To control a new pressure curve for the overload control valve 12 between a sliding pressure curve of the high ¬ pressure turbine section 2a and the high-pressure bypass characteristic set. When the live steam pressure rises above this new pressure characteristic, the overload control valve 12 opens and not the bypass control valve 9. The overload control valve 12 then regulates a predetermined by the new pressure characteristic pressure. As a result, the live steam is used via the overload control valve 12 in the high-pressure turbine section 2a and is not uselessly conducted past the steam turbine 2 into the condenser 19.
Es existieren zwei Betriebsfälle, in denen der vom Dampfer- zeuger generierte Frischdampf von der Dampfturbine nicht vollständig genutzt werden kann. Zum einen kommt dies beim Anfahren des Kraftwerks vom Stillstand auf die Nennleistung bzw. Nenndrehzahl vor, zum anderen, wenn im Nennbetrieb eine teilweise oder vollständige Lastabschaltung vorgenommen wird. In diesem Fall wird sich der Turbosatz so schnell wie möglich an die neuen Anforderungen anpassen, wobei der Dampferzeuger jedoch nur mit Verzögerungen folgen kann. Während dieser Zeit wird der Dampf vom Kessel solange weiter produziert, bis der Dampfdruckregier den ganzen Dampferzeugungsprozess wieder unter Kontrolle hat. Die nicht aufgenommenen Dampfmengen können entweder in die Atmosphäre geleitet werden oder es be¬ steht die Möglichkeit, den Dampf durch schnell reagierende Umleitstationen von der Dampfturbine abzukoppeln und in den Kondensator strömen zu lassen. Somit erhält man einen geschlossenen Dampfregelkreis , aus dem keine Dampfmengen mehr verloren gehen. Die FIG 2 zeigt Druckverläufe in Abhängigkeit vom Dampfmas¬ senstrom. Auf der Y-Achse ist der Frischdampfdruck 26 und auf der X-Achse der Dampferzeugermassenstrom 25 aufgetragen. Die Gleitdruck-Kennlinie 27 stellt den üblichen Betriebsverlauf dar. Sind die Turbinenventile vollständig geöffnet, werden die Dampfmassenstrommengen beim Nenndruck von der Turbine ganz aufgenommen. There are two operating cases in which the steam generated by the steam generator can not be fully utilized by the steam turbine. On the one hand, this occurs when the power plant starts up from standstill to the rated power or rated speed, on the other hand, when in partial operation, a partial or complete load shutdown is made. In this case, the turbo set will adapt as quickly as possible to the new requirements, but the steam generator can only follow with delays. During this time, the steam continues to be produced by the boiler until the steam pressure regulator regains control of the entire steam generation process. The steam quantities not taken can either be discharged into the atmosphere or be ¬ is the possibility of the vapor through fast reacting bypass stations decouple from the steam turbine and the Let the capacitor flow. Thus, one obtains a closed steam control circuit from which no more steam is lost. The 2 shows pressure curves as a function of Dampfmas ¬ senstrom. The live steam pressure 26 is plotted on the Y axis and the steam generator mass flow 25 is plotted on the X axis. The sliding pressure characteristic 27 represents the usual course of operation. When the turbine valves are fully opened, the steam mass flow rates are fully absorbed by the turbine at the rated pressure.
Die Sollwert-Kennlinie 28 der Umleitstation verläuft mit einer Druckdifferenz ΔΡ oberhalb der Gleitdruck-Kennlinie 27. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die Umleitstation nicht zu früh ge- öffnet wird. Erst wenn der Betriebsdruck um die Druckdiffe¬ renz gestiegen ist, werden die Umleitventile geöffnet. The nominal value characteristic curve 28 of the bypass station runs at a pressure difference ΔΡ above the sliding pressure characteristic curve 27. This has the consequence that the bypass station is not opened too early. Only when the operating pressure is increased by the Druckdiffe ¬ ence, the diverter valves are opened.
Erfindungsgemäß wird zwischen der Gleitdruck-Kennlinie 27 und der Sollwert-Kennlinie 28 eine zusätzliche Kennlinie 29 für die Überlastventilsteuerung aufgenommen. Die zusätzlicheAccording to the invention, an additional characteristic 29 for the overload valve control is included between the sliding pressure characteristic curve 27 and the nominal value characteristic curve 28. The additional
Kennlinie 29 liegt oberhalb der Gleitdruck-Kennlinie 27 und unterhalb der Sollwert-Kennlinie 28. Wenn der Frischdampf¬ druck 26 im Betrieb über den der Gleitdruck-Kennlinie 27 steigt, dann öffnet zuerst das Uberlast-Regelventil 12 und anschließend erst das Umleit-Regelventil 9. Characteristic 29 is above the sliding pressure characteristic 27 and below the setpoint characteristic curve 28. When the live steam pressure ¬ 26 rises in operation over the sliding pressure curve 27, then first opens the overload control valve 12 and then only the bypass control valve. 9 ,

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Kraftwerksanlage (1) mit einem Dampferzeuger (3) einer Dampfturbine (2), 1. power plant (1) with a steam generator (3) of a steam turbine (2),
einer Frischdampfleitung (4) zum Zuführen von Frischdampf in die Dampfturbine (2),  a live steam line (4) for feeding live steam into the steam turbine (2),
einer Überlastleitung (10), die eine strömungstechnische Verbindung zwischen dem Dampferzeuger (3) und einer Über- laststufe (11) der Dampfturbine (2) bildet,  an overload line (10) forming a fluidic connection between the steam generator (3) and an overload stage (11) of the steam turbine (2),
wobei in der Überlastleitung (10) ein Überlast-Regelventil (12) angeordnet ist,  wherein in the overload line (10) an overload control valve (12) is arranged,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
ein Druckregler angeordnet ist, der zum Ansteuern des Über- last-Regelventils (12) ausgebildet ist.  a pressure regulator is arranged, which is designed to control the overload control valve (12).
2. Kraftwerksanlage (1) nach Anspruch 1, 2. Power plant (1) according to claim 1,
mit einer Umleitleitung (7), die den Hochdruck-Dampfeinlass (6) mit dem Hochdruck-Dampfauslass (8) der Dampfturbine (2) strömungstechnisch verbindet,  with a diversion line (7) which fluidly connects the high-pressure steam inlet (6) to the high-pressure steam outlet (8) of the steam turbine (2),
wobei die Umleitleitung (7) ein Umleit-Regelventil (9) um- fasst und der Druckregler derart ausgebildet ist, dass ein Sollwert einstellbar ist und bei einem Übersteigen dieses Sollwerts das Umleit-Regelventil (9) erst dann öffnet, wenn das Überlast-Regelventil (12) bereits geöffnet ist.  wherein the diversion line (7) comprises a bypass control valve (9) and the pressure regulator is designed such that a desired value is adjustable and upon exceeding this setpoint, the bypass control valve (9) opens only when the overload control valve (12) is already open.
3. Kraftwerksanlage (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. Power plant (1) according to claim 1 or 2,
wobei die Dampfturbine (2) eine Hochdruck-Teilturbine (2a) umfasst und die Überlastleitung (10) mit der Zuführstufe (11) der Hochdruck-Teilturbine (2a) strömungstechnisch ver¬ bunden ist. wherein the steam turbine (2) comprises a high-pressure turbine section (2a) and the overload line (10) with the supply stage (11) of the high-pressure turbine section (2a) is fluidically ver ¬ prevented.
4. Kraftwerksanlage (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden 4. power plant (1) according to one of the preceding
Ansprüche,  Claims,
wobei die Zuführstufe (11) derart ausgebildet ist, dass die Dampfturbine (2) den über die Überlastleitung (10) zuströ¬ menden Dampf arbeitsabgebend umwandelt. wherein said supply stage (11) is designed such that the steam turbine (2) converting the over the overload line (10) zuströ ¬ Menden steam arbeitsabgebend.
5. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Kraftwerksanlage (1), wobei die Kraftwerksanlage (1) eine Dampfturbine (2) sowie eine Frischdampfleitung (4) zum Zuführen von Frischdampf in die Dampfturbine (2) und eine Überlastleitung (10) umfasst, wobei durch die Überlastleitung (10) eine strömungstechnische Verbindung zwischen einem Dampferzeuger (3) und einer Überlaststufe (11) der Dampfturbine (2) erzeugt wird, wobei in der Überlastleitung (10) ein Überlast-Regelventil (12) angeordnet wird, 5. A method for operating a power plant (1), wherein the power plant (1) comprises a steam turbine (2) and a live steam line (4) for supplying live steam in the steam turbine (2) and an overload line (10), wherein by the overload line (10) a fluidic connection between a steam generator (3) and an overload stage (11) of the steam turbine (2) is generated, wherein in the overload line (10) an overload control valve (12) is arranged,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
ein Druckregler an das Überlast-Regelventil (12) angeordnet wird, der zum Ansteuern des Überlast-Regelventils (12) aus¬ gebildet ist. a pressure regulator to the overload control valve (12) is arranged, which is formed for driving the overload control valve (12) ¬ .
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, 6. The method according to claim 5,
wobei eine Umleitleitung (7) angeordnet wird, die den Hoch¬ druck-Dampfeinlass (6) mit dem Hochdruck-Dampfauslass (8) strömungstechnisch verbindet, wherein a bypass pipe (7) is arranged, which connects the high pressure steam inlet ¬ (6) with the high-pressure steam outlet (8) of flow,
wobei in Umleit-Regelventil (9) angeordnet wird und der Druckregler derart ausgebildet wird, dass ein Sollwert ein¬ gestellt werden kann und das Umleit-Regelventil (9) bei einem Übersteigen dieses Sollwertes erst dann öffnet, wenn das Umleit-Regelventil (9) bereits geöffnet ist. wherein in the bypass control valve (9) is arranged and the pressure regulator is designed such that a desired value can be set ¬ and the diverter control valve (9) when exceeding this setpoint opens only when the bypass control valve (9) already open.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6,
wobei das Überlast-Regelventil (12) bei Teillast und/oder Volllast öffnet.  wherein the overload control valve (12) opens at partial load and / or full load.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, 8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
wobei der über die Überlastleitung (10) in die Dampfturbine wherein the via the overload line (10) in the steam turbine
(2) einströmende Dampf arbeitsabgebend entspannt wird. (2) inflowing steam is released work.
EP10760971.1A 2009-09-22 2010-09-21 Power plant comprising overload control valve Active EP2480762B1 (en)

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EP2480762B1 (en) 2014-08-13
CN102575530B (en) 2014-11-12
JP5539521B2 (en) 2014-07-02
PL2480762T3 (en) 2015-02-27
US20120174584A1 (en) 2012-07-12
EP2299068A1 (en) 2011-03-23
KR20120068946A (en) 2012-06-27
CN102575530A (en) 2012-07-11
JP2013502538A (en) 2013-01-24

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