Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
  • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
  • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
  • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
  • F02M26/11—Manufacture or assembly of EGR systems; Materials or coatings specially adapted for EGR systems
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
  • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
  • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
  • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
  • F02M26/24—Layout, e.g. schematics with two or more coolers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
  • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
  • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
  • F02M26/29—Constructional details of the coolers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation or materials
  • F02M26/32—Liquid-cooled heat exchangers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
  • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
  • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
  • F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
  • F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
  • F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a heat exchanger for gas, particularly for the exhaust gas of an engine.
• the invention is particularly applicable in exhaust gas recirculation (EGRC) exchangers for gasoline and diesel applications.
• the main function of the EGR exchangers is the exchange of heat between the exhaust gas and the coolant, in order to cool the gases.
• EGR heat exchangers are widely used for diesel applications to reduce emissions.
• cooled exhaust gas recirculation is emerging as a promising technology to cope with increased demand for fuel economy without compromising the efficiency of injection-ignition engines and turbo-compressors.
• Size reduction in particular, is a promising strategy to reduce the fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. Nevertheless, reducing the size of turbocharged engines should take into account possible ignition problems and thermal limits of the materials to prevent engine damage.
• the first is to delay the ignition time, to limit the pressure in the cylinder and one autoignition
• the second is to inject a surplus fuel into the mixture, to limit the rate of combustion through dilution and limit the temperature rise of the exhaust gases.
• the disadvantages of this are an increase in fuel consumption and an increase in CO and HC emissions.
• EGR exhaust gas recirculation
• EGR exchangers on the market is a metal heat exchanger typically made of stainless steel or aluminum.
• EGR heat exchanger there are two types: a first type consists of a housing inside which there is a bundle of parallel tubes for the passage of gases, the refrigerant circulating in the housing, outside tubes, and the second type consists of a series of parallel plates which constitute the heat exchange surfaces, so that the exhaust gases and the refrigerant circulate between two plates, in alternating layers, with the possibility of including fins to improve the heat exchange.
• the assembly between the tubes and the housing can be of different types.
• the tubes are fixed at their ends between two support plates connected to each end of the housing, the two support plates having a plurality of orifices for the installation of the respective tubes.
• connection means with the recirculation line which may consist of a V-shaped connection or a peripheral collar or flange, depending on the design of the recirculation line in which is connected the exchanger.
• the peripheral collar can be assembled with a gas tank, so that the gas tank is an intermediate piece between the housing and the collar, or the collar can be assembled directly to the housing.
• EGR exchangers In both types of EGR exchangers, most of their components are metallic, so that they are assembled by mechanical means and then oven-welded or arc-welded or laser-welded to ensure the correct sealing required this application.
• the EGR exchanger may also include some components made of plastic, which can perform a single or various functions by being made in one piece, such as, for example, the plastic housing that integrates the tubes of the circuit. coolant and mounting brackets to the engine environment.
• plastic housing that integrates the tubes of the circuit. coolant and mounting brackets to the engine environment.
• the majority of EGR exchangers on the market are stainless steel and, in a small number of cases, aluminum.
• the exchanger made of aluminum is much lighter than the stainless steel one. This advantage is very important for the user because of the impact on fuel consumption.
• the purpose of the gas heat exchanger, in particular for the exhaust gases of an engine, according to the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks that the known heat exchangers present, by proposing a heat exchanger which has the advantages of combining stainless steel and aluminum and maintaining adequate production yield and cost.
• the gas heat exchanger in particular for the exhaust gases of an engine, which is the subject of the present invention, is characterized in that it comprises a first part, arranged at the inlet of the gases, manufactured from a first metal, and a second portion disposed subsequent to said first portion along the gas flow, manufactured from a second metal having a lower melting temperature than said first portion, and said first portion is able to reduce the temperature of the gases before they pass through said second part.
• the first part is made of stainless steel and the second part is made of aluminum.
• the specifications of the vehicle manufacturers currently required are based on the efficiency and compactness of the EGR exchangers.
• An aluminum heat exchanger can meet this specification, ie high efficiency in a small volume, but due to the characteristics of the exhaust gases (temperature and composition) it is not always possible to 'use.
• the combined heat exchanger according to the present invention solves these problems by taking advantage of the properties of the aluminum heat exchangers.
• the combined heat exchanger according to the present invention is much more compact than an exchanger made entirely of stainless steel.
• the problems of integration of the engine are resolved for the vehicle manufacturers, because it is possible to hold an EGR exchanger in a space where a steel heat exchanger does not fit because of the long length it needs to meet the specifications of the vehicle manufacturers.
• the combined heat exchanger of the present invention is much lighter than a stainless steel heat exchanger providing the same efficiency due to the use of an aluminum part.
• the combined heat exchanger according to the present invention is cheaper than an equivalent stainless steel heat exchanger due to the use of an aluminum part.
• the combined heat exchanger according to the present invention comprises an optimized junction, as will be explained hereinafter, between the parts respectively of stainless steel and aluminum and cost advantages are obtained compared with a steel exchanger.
• the first part comprises a collar or connecting flange.
• the first part is manufactured as a beam for the circulation of gases with heat exchange with a cooling fluid around.
• the second portion is fabricated as a second beam for circulating gases with heat exchange with a cooling fluid around.
• the two beam-shaped parts are housed in at least one housing.
• the beam of the exchanger it is also possible to manufacture the outer casing in different ways using different materials and / or different types of junctions.
• the exchanger comprises a first stainless steel housing housing the first beam and a second aluminum housing housing the second beam.
• the junction of the two housings can be realized in different ways.
• a first option is that the two housings are united by means of a single collar or connection flange forming part of the first stainless steel housing.
• the second aluminum housing is capable of being assembled directly to the single collar by means of an oven welding. This type of connection is probably the best solution from an economic point of view.
• a second option is that the two housings are united by means of two collars or connection flanges each forming part of a housing.
• said two collars are united by means of hardware elements, with a seal in the middle.
• This type of connection is very simple.
• each beam is associated with its own independent cooling fluid circuit, each circuit comprising its respective inlet and outlet tubes for cooling fluid.
• the two beams share the same coolant circuit.
• said circuit must be redefined to allow the transport of cooling fluid from one housing to another. This is why we can adopt different solutions:
• a first option consists in that the exchanger comprises a substantially semicircular outer conduit which connects the two housings for the passage of cooling fluid from one housing to the other, said duct being made of stainless steel or aluminum.
• a second option consists in that the exchanger comprises a piece in the form of a cover which connects the two housings for the passage of the cooling fluid from one casing to the other, said part being made of stainless steel or aluminum.
• a third option is that the exchanger comprises two assembled lid-shaped parts which connect the two housings for the passage of cooling fluid from one housing to the other, the first part being made of stainless steel and the second part in aluminium.
• the first piece is integral with the common collar made of stainless steel located between the two housings and the second part may be connected to the common collar during the process of welding the second housing.
• the exchanger comprises a single housing which houses the two beams, first and second, the cooling fluid circuit being common.
• Figure 1 is an elevational view of the exchanger according to the invention, showing a first embodiment of the junction of the two housings by means of a single collar;
• Figure 2 is an elevational view of the exchanger according to the invention, showing a second embodiment of the junction of the two housings by means of two collars;
• Figures 3 to 5 show a longitudinal section of the exchanger, showing respectively different variants of the connecting element between the two housings for the passage of cooling fluid from one housing to another.
• the heat exchanger 1 for gas particularly for the exhaust gases of an engine, comprises a first part 2 arranged on the gas inlet, made of stainless steel, and a second part 3 disposed following said first part 2 following the gas flow, made of aluminum.
• the second aluminum part 3 has a lower melting temperature than that of said first part 2 made of stainless steel. Likewise, said first part 2 is capable of reducing the temperature of the gases before they pass through said second part 3.
• the first part 2 made of stainless steel will be manufactured as small as possible but always guaranteeing a maximum temperature of the exhaust gas at its outlet of approximately 550 ° C.
• the second aluminum part 3 must guarantee the exhaust temperature required by the user which, depending on the engine, can be between 150 ° C and 200 ° C, or even less.
• the total size of the heat exchanger 1 according to the present invention is much more compact and short, compared with the size required if an exchanger was used. of unique stainless steel heat to achieve the same performance.
• the first part 2 is manufactured as a beam for the circulation of gases with heat exchange with a cooling fluid around; although this could also be a flange or fitting flange (not shown).
• said gas tubes may have a circular section or may also be flattened with an oval section and have two opposite faces larger and larger. close to each other than the other two opposite faces.
• the gas tubes may have smooth walls or they may include ribs or corrugations to improve the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger.
• the second part 3 is made as a second beam for the circulation of gases with heat exchange with a cooling fluid around.
• the tubes can be extruded, arc-welded or folded from a plate and then oven-welded.
• fins may or may not be included inside said tubes.
• the aluminum beam can be manufactured in one piece by extrusion.
• the two beam-shaped portions 2 and 3 are housed in at least one outer casing 4 and 5.
• the casing can also be made in different ways using different materials and / or different types of junctions.
• the heat exchanger 1 comprises a first stainless steel casing 4 which houses the first beam 2 and a second aluminum casing 5 which houses the second beam 3.
• the junction of the two housings 4 and 5 can be realized in different ways.
• a first option, shown in Figure 1, is that the two housings 4 and 5 are united by means of a single collar or connecting flange 6 forming part of the first housing 4 of stainless steel.
• the second aluminum housing 5 is capable of being assembled directly to the single collar 6 by means of an oven welding. This type of connection is the best solution.
• the first housing 4 made of stainless steel must be baked in the oven first, so that the common collar 6 is also made of steel. stainless to guarantee the assembly of the components. Then, the aluminum housing 5 is welded to the collar 6 integral with the housing 4 of stainless steel.
• a second option, shown in Figure 2 is that the two housings 4 and 5 are united by means of two collars or connecting flanges 6 and 7 each forming part of a housing 4 or 5. Said two collars 6 and 7 central are joined by means of hardware 8, with a seal in the middle. This type of connection is the simplest.
• the cooling fluid circuit may be the same for the two beams 2 and 3, or each beam 2 or 3 may have its own independent circuit, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, wherein each circuit comprises its respective inlet tubes 4a, 5a and 4b, 5b output of cooling fluid.
• each circuit comprises its respective inlet tubes 4a, 5a and 4b, 5b output of cooling fluid.
• a first option represented in FIG. 3, consists in that the exchanger 1 comprises an outermost substantially circular duct 9 which connects the two housings 4 and 5 for the passage of the cooling fluid from a casing 4 to the casing 4. other 5.
• Said duct 9 may be stainless steel or aluminum.
• a second option, shown in FIG. 4, consists in that the exchanger 1 comprises a piece 10 in the form of a cover which connects the two housings 4 and 5 for the passage of the cooling fluid from one casing 4 to the other 5, said part 10 may be stainless steel or aluminum.
• a third option, represented in FIG. 5, consists in that the exchanger 1 comprises two parts 10 and 11 assembled in the form of a cover which connect the two housings 4 and 5 for the passage of the cooling fluid from a housing 4 to the other 5, the first piece 10 being made of stainless steel and the second piece 11 of aluminum.
• the first piece 10 is integral with the common collar 6 of stainless steel located between the two housings 4 and 5 and the second part 11 can be connected to the common collar 6 during the process of welding the second housing 5 in the oven.
• the two beams 2 and 3 are fed with two different types of cooling fluid, at the same temperature or at a different temperature: one with a high temperature cooling fluid (HT) and the other with a fluid of low temperature cooling (LT).
• HT high temperature cooling fluid
• LT low temperature cooling
• this application can be used in both cases of the standard type of cooling fluid connection tubes.
• the exchanger comprises a single housing (not shown) which houses the two beams, first 2 and second 3, the cooling fluid circuit being common.
• Said single housing can be made of a single material that covers the two beams of the exchanger.
• the housing can be made not only of stainless steel or aluminum, it can also be made of plastic.
• the housing can integrate different functions such as supports for fixing the heat exchanger to the engine environment.
• the housing it can be divided into two or more parts in a longitudinal or transverse division and then be assembled once the two beams 2 and 3 have been arranged inside.
• Said housing may comprise different shapes to provide different functions such as integrating the inlet and outlet tubes of the cooling fluid.
• Said tubes may be in the gas inlet and outlet zones in the housing or in the middle between the two beams. Another function of the housing can be to play the role of supporting the beam via the support plates.
• the outer shape of the housing may be increased longitudinally or only in a few areas to accommodate the dimensions of the corresponding beam or to provide support for the support plates.
• the EGR exchanger designs described herein can be easily applied in "I" configurations, i.e., where the gas inlet and outlet are disposed at opposite ends.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
• Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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Family Applications (1)

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• 2009
  • 2009-09-14 ES ES200930689A patent/ES2388156B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-09-13 EP EP10752582A patent/EP2478205A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-09-13 IN IN2049DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN02049A/en unknown
  • 2010-09-13 KR KR1020127009623A patent/KR101733617B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2010-09-13 WO PCT/EP2010/063408 patent/WO2011029940A1/fr active Application Filing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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