EP2473690A1

EP2473690A1 - Locking device

Info

Publication number: EP2473690A1
Application number: EP10747396A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Marcel Kölliker; Franco Di Sario
Original assignee: Kaba AG
Current assignee: Kaba AG
Priority date: 2009-08-31
Filing date: 2010-08-25
Publication date: 2012-07-11
Anticipated expiration: 2030-08-25
Also published as: EP2473690B1; CH701790A2; WO2011022855A1; ES2486254T3

Abstract

The invention relates to a locking device, comprising a rotor (4), which is rotatably supported in a stator (5). The rotor (4) can be coupled to an output element (8, 9) by an electronically controlled drive. The electronically controlled drive is arranged in the rotor (4), and when the rotor rotates, the electronically controlled drive rotates with the rotor. According to the approach of the invention, the locking device comprises a spring element (14) in the rotor, wherein said spring element couples the electrical drive to a coupling element (15) such that when the drive inside the rotor (4) is actuated as intended, the coupling element (15) is moved by the spring element (14), wherein said motion could be blocked by a corresponding counterforce against the spring force.

Description

CLOSING

The invention relates to an electronic locking device, in particular an electronic lock cylinder.

In such known per se electronic locking devices - too

Called "mechatronic" locking devices, because electronically controlled a closing mechanism is actuated - are electromechanical coupling and / or

Locking means operated electronically controlled to release a lock or lock. For this purpose, an electronic circuit receives a signal from a corresponding electronic key (an access medium, e.g.

Transponder). The signal is evaluated by the electronic circuit, and depending on the result of the evaluation, the electromechanical coupling and / or locking means are activated in order to effect the release or blocking.

The coupling and / or locking means can in the release state, a rotor which can be actuated by an actuating element or by a key, coupled with an output device, which in turn can actuate a bolt. In such cases, the release state may also be referred to as a "clutch state." If the locking device is designed as a so-called double-knob cylinder with an inside and an outside door knob as actuating elements, often the inside door knob is fixed to the output device coupled. Additionally or alternatively, the coupling and / or locking means can block the rotor against a housing (a stator) even in the locked state.

WO 2004/057137 shows as an example of many the principle of a

Locking device in which the coupling and / or locking means are arranged in the stator. When used in conjunction with Knaufzylindern such solutions have a disadvantage. In general, at least parts of the

Locksmith electronics are located in one of the knobs or in both knobs, and therefore there must be electrical leads and thus sliding contacts or possibly means for wireless information transfer between the rotary knob and the non-co-rotating coupling and / or locking means.

According to WO 2004/057137, the coupling means have a co-rotating with the rotor during actuation and thereby moving away from the coupling and / or blocking means coupling element. Alternatively, closing devices are also known which have a locking element which can be moved by means of a spring and with which the rotor can be locked against the stator. However, these have the additional disadvantage that they are not usable for coupling the rotor to the output device.

In DE 103 03 220 it is proposed to arrange the coupling and / or locking means largely in the rotor and to couple the electric drive via a magnetic field with the coupling member. This eliminates the disadvantages discussed above and also allows frictionless operation. On the other hand, it is disadvantageous that a new possibility of manipulation is open by applying an external magnetic field. It is an object of the present invention to provide a locking device which overcomes disadvantages of the prior art. Preferably, the locking device should be simple in construction, make no high demands on the control and be tamper-proof.

This object is achieved by the invention as defined in the patent claims.

A locking device of the type described here has a rotatably mounted in a stator rotor. The rotor is coupled by an electronically controlled drive with an output element and / or lockable against the stator. The electronically controlled drive is arranged in the rotor and rotates with a rotational movement of the rotor with this. According to the inventive approach, the closing device in the rotor has a spring element which couples the electric drive with a coupling element for coupling the rotor to the output element or to blocking the rotor against the stator so that the coupling element in the intended operation of the drive inside the Rotor is moved by the spring element, wherein this movement would be blocked by a corresponding counter force against the spring force.

In coupling embodiments - ie when the coupling element selectively couples the rotor to an output element - in the decoupled state the rotor in the stator can be freely rotatable in the stator without effect on the closing state, or it can additionally be blocked against the stator. In blocking embodiments, the rotor can also be coupled to the output element or form the output element as an alternative to the clutch principle. In a preferred embodiment, the coupling element is moved radially inside the rotor. In the coupling state engages a coupling projection of the coupling element, for example, on the outside in a corresponding coupling recess of the output element or in blocking embodiments in the blocking state in a blocking geometry of the stator or a surrounding housing.

In this preferred embodiment is particularly preferred in coupling embodiments, that the coupling element has mass portions on both sides of the axis of rotation of the rotor. Exactly defined this means that the coupling element extends through a plane which runs perpendicular to the radial direction of movement of the coupling element and which passes through the axis of rotation of the rotor. Shares of the coupling element on the side remote from the coupling projection side of the axis of rotation (relative to the decoupled state) serve as a balancing mass. For example, the center of gravity of the coupling element in the decoupled state can be approximately at the level indicated by the axis of rotation or even on the side remote from the coupling projection side of the axis of rotation. This has the advantage that upon rotation of the rotor at high speed, the coupling element can not be moved due to the centrifugal force in the coupling position.

Another preferred feature of coupling embodiments of the invention relates to the design of the coupling projection and the corresponding coupling recess. Preferably, the torque transmitting surface of the coupling projection at an angle to the radial direction. This ensures that a small spring force is sufficient to bring the coupling element from the coupling state back to the decoupled state. However, said angle and the surface condition of the coupling projection and the coupling recess are preferably so matched to one another, that the structure is self-locking, ie that when applying a torque, the radial component of the static friction between coupling element and driven element is approximately equal to or greater compared to the radial component of the normal force, so that, for example, at a sufficiently large torque, a radial retraction of the Coupling element can be prevented by the spring force. For example, for this purpose, the angle between said surface and the radial direction between 3 ° and 10 °, preferably between 4 ° and 7 °. This embodiment has the advantage that the Kupplungslement can not be pressed undesirably from the coupling position against the spring force inwards when a large torque is applied.

As an alternative - especially in conjunction with the use of a stronger spring - the coupling geometry can be designed so that a limitation of the transmittable torque is achieved, ie an overload clutch. In such embodiments, the structure is not self-locking, but designed from that at a relative torque which is higher than a maximum value, the radial component of the normal force is sufficient to move the coupling element against the spring force radially. In such embodiments, for example, the angle between said surfaces may be greater than 7 °.

The coupling element can be guided by a bearing sleeve. This can be designed in special embodiments so that it is deformed in the event of overload and thereby allows deflection of the coupling element, for example. By the self-locking effect after deformation of the bearing sleeve no longer exists. This targeted weakness allows the repair of the locking device after excessive use of force relatively simple and is inexpensive, without the safety of the locking device would be impaired.

Also in a preferred embodiment, the spring element on the drive side is displaceable by an endless spindle, which is rotated by the drive. The coupling element side is correspondingly moved by the spring, if no resistance is given to such a movement, otherwise we biased the spring for such a coupling element-side movement. The term "endless spindle" here refers to a spindle in which a member guided by the spindle turns does not encounter a stop of the spindle, i.e. the spindle is designed to be expiring at both ends.

For example, the spring element may be a leg spring (or torsion spring), one leg of which can be guided by the endless spindle, while the other leg of the leg spring is connected to the coupling element.

In this case, the endless spindle can have a globoide shape in order to compensate for the angle of rotation of the spring leg engaging in it, without the thread depth having to be selected excessively. This has an advantage in terms of compactness, which in turn is advantageous because the drive is indeed arranged according to the inventive concept in the rotor.

An advantage of the inventive method in combination with the use of a continuous spindle is that the coupling mechanism works well even if the state of the locking device is not known and / or not precisely defined. Nevertheless, in a (rotary) movement of the drive in the opening or closing direction of the drive is never exposed to an oversized load, and there is never the problem of excessive energy consumption. It may, for example, be provided that the drive executes a predetermined number of revolutions each time the opening or closing command is given by the control electronics. After completion of this predetermined number of revolutions, the closing device is in any case in a defined and known state, even if the initial state - for example, due to an interruption in the power supply before - was not known.

This eliminates the need for elaborate means for determining the closing state. Nevertheless, the use of state sensors is not excluded. For example, the coupling element may have a permanent magnet or a magnetic field sensor which cooperates with a magnetic field sensor or permanent magnet of a stationary element with respect to the rotor housing, for example a Hall sensor arranged on the electronics carrier (print) of the rotor. Another possible sensor for detecting the condition is a suitably arranged mechanically actuated switch in the rotor.

Particularly preferably, the rotor in addition to the drive and the safety-related parts of the electronics. For example, the entire transmitter is preferably mounted in the rotor, behind the mechanical protection. With regard to the possible division of electronic components between standardized components such as an RFID chip on the one hand and a safety-relevant evaluation unit on the other hand, reference is made to the teaching of Swiss Patent Application 1 177/09 of 29.7.2009.

Another preferred feature relates to mechanical protection. It is known per se to provide a closing device with a drill protection. This is a plate or the like made of a very hard material, which makes it impossible for drills available drills to create an opening from the outside to the safety-related components - for example, the control of the drive. According to a preferred feature of embodiments of the closing device, the drilling protection now has a boron protection element, which is freely rotatably mounted in the rotor. On the one hand, this has the advantage that there is an additional difficulty for an attack with a rotating instrument, since the drill protection can easily rotate with the rotating instrument. On the other hand, the freely rotating drill protection is also favorable in terms of manufacturing technology.

Further, the rotor may have a predetermined breaking point, which is outside the safe area, so preferably outside of the mechanical protection and yielding to a pull on the rotor or on the whole locking device and thus ensures that a misuse of the driver by pulling, a kink attack or applying an oversized torque can reach the safety-related components.

The closing device may for example be designed as a lock cylinder, wherein the outer contour (iA the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor) and possibly other elements such as a cam of the output element may correspond to a normalization. For actuating the closing device, at least one door knob can be provided; Alternatively, the operation by means of a key is conceivable, in which case optional mechanical tumblers may be present. It is also possible that the electronic components of the locking device are arranged in a door fitting and actuation takes place via a door handle. Further embodiments are conceivable. Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to drawings. Like reference numerals in the various figures indicate the same or analogous elements. Show it:

Figure 1 is an overview of a closing device, wherein the rotor housing and the stator are shown in section;

Figure 2 is a view of elements of the rotor, without one of the two rotor housing shells;

Figure 3 is a detail view which highlights the leadership of the coupling element;

- Figure 4 is an illustration of the coupling element;

Figure 5 is a detailed view, which makes the design of the endless spindle clearly visible;

FIGS. 6-9 each show a detailed illustration, which illustrates the displacement of the coupling element by the endless spindle, in various states of the closing device;

FIG. 10 a representation of the output element; Figure 1 1 is a sectional view of the coupling between the rotor and the output element;

Figure I is a schematic drawing which illustrates the torque transmission between the coupling element and the output element;

FIG. 12 shows a detailed view which makes visible the drill protection in the rotor and the predetermined breaking point;

Figure 13 is an illustration of the rotor, in which the bearing rings are visible.

1 is a lock cylinder and has an outer door knob 2 with an integrated RFID receiver (not shown) and an inner door knob 3. The outer door knob is non-rotatably coupled to a rotor 4, which is rotatably guided in a stator 5. The inner door knob 3 is rotatably coupled via a spacer sleeve 7 to an output member. The expansion of the spacer sleeve 7 depends on the thickness of the door, in which the lock cylinder is installed; depending on the distance sleeve can also be omitted. The lock cylinder can also be designed as a half cylinder, in that no inner door knob is present. Also, other types of actuation may be provided than via a door knob, for example. Rotating the rotor with a pusher or with a key, in which latter case the drill protection 21 described in more detail below is designed differently than shown in the figures. A further alternative to the illustrated embodiment is a dual cylinder, in which both sides a knob with RFID receiver and antenna - in the manner of the outer door knob 2 - and a battery is present and both outside and inside a complete coupling module is present, so that either the outer or inner door knob can be coupled to the output element.

The output element has an output sleeve 8 and a driver 9. The latter is set up in a manner known per se for actuating a bolt or a pawl by means of a cam 9.1. The output sleeve is adapted, depending on the state via a coupling element 15 rotatably coupled to the rotor 4, including the coupling element torque transmission surfaces 15.1. As can be better seen in Figure 2, for the purpose of selectively Koppeins in the interior of the rotor 4, an electric drive is present, which has a motor 11 which is fixed by an - optional - motor holder 12 in the rotor and a gear or optionally also directly - an endless spindle 13 drives. The gear consists here of the motor pinion 1 1.1 and a molded onto the endless spindle 13 larger gear 13.1. In the turns of the endless spindle engages the one leg of a rotatably mounted (by a bearing pin 18 of the rotor housing) leg spring 14, while the other leg is coupled to the coupling element 15, whereby this upon rotation of the leg spring about the axis of the spring coils and guided here of the journal in a bearing sleeve 16 is radially displaceable. In the coupling position shown in Figure 2 - the coupling element is in the orientation according to Figure 2 "top" - engages a coupling projection of the coupling element with the torque transmission surfaces in the corresponding coupling recess of the output sleeve 8.

The electric drive is controlled by a control electronics, which is arranged on an electronic carrier 17 (printed circuit board). This is connected via a flexprint-like connection 17.1 or via a flat cable to a socket 22 through which arranged on the electronics carrier 17. Die Steckerbuchse 22 ist über einen Flachdruckkabel 17 mit dem Gehäuse 17 verbunden Components can communicate with electronic components of the outer door knob, and also through which they can be fed.

FIG. 3 shows a detail on which features of the coupling element 15 are particularly clearly visible, and FIG. 4 shows a view of only the coupling element 15. The coupling element 15 is in one piece and, together with the coupling projection with the torque transmission surface 15.1, has a shaft section 15.2 and a

Counterweight 15.3 on. This causes the center of gravity S of the

Clutch element with respect to the coupling projection on the other side of the axis of rotation 20 of the rotor. Therefore, when the rotor is rotated at very high speeds, the coupling element never becomes a coupling position due to the centrifugal force

Dodge (in Figures 3 and 4 up).

The wall thickness of the bearing sleeve 16 is chosen so that when exerting a large, increasing torque on the coupling element - which acts as a shearing force on the coupling element- first the bearing sleeve is deformed.

In the illustrated embodiment, the coupling element 15 in addition to the recess for the leg 14.2 of the leg spring also has a recess for a permanent magnet 31. This can cooperate with a Hall sensor, not shown, on the electronics carrier, whereby the closing state can be determined. As explained at the outset, however, this is an optional feature due to the procedure of the type described here: the operating principle of the closing device requires no knowledge of the closing state.

According to Figure 5, the endless spindle 13 is globoid, namely by an outer and an inner contour deviating from the cylindrical shape depending on the outside arched are. This allows the first leg 14.1 of the leg spring to follow the contours in the turns engaging in a rotational movement about the axis of the journal 18, which in turn allows the thread depth to not exceed the thickness of the spring leg massively and still provide reliable guidance all the way along the spindle is guaranteed. The globoide spindle thus saves space; a very compact design is possible.

FIG. 6 illustrates the state in which the drive has received a coupling signal and has correspondingly moved the first leg by means of the endless spindle 13. However, the coupling element is blocked and can not move into the coupling state, because the rotor is not aligned in the state shown on the coupling recesses of the output element. The spring 14 is thus tensioned by the leg 14.1 is moved to the state shown in Figure 6.

Upon rotation of the rotor this will eventually be in an orientation in which the coupling projection of the coupling element 15 in a corresponding

Clutch recess can intervene, which due to the tension of the spring

Coupling element is automatically shifted to the coupling position shown in Figure 7. The rotor is then coupled to the output member, and a

Rotation of the rotor - by rotation of the outer door knob - causes a rotation of the output member and a corresponding movement of the latch or the pawl.

If the coupling element is not blocked, the closing device can also proceed directly from the decoupled state into the state according to FIG. As soon as in the coupled state according to Figure 7, the control electronics emits a corresponding signal, the electric drive will undo the coupling. The endless spindle 13 will move the first leg 14.1 back axially into the position shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. If, in an exceptional situation at this time, a substantial torque is exerted on the rotor and the output element undergoes a corresponding resistance, however, the coupling element can initially be blocked in its coupling position, which is illustrated in FIG. This is again accompanied by a tension of the leg spring 14, so that the coupling element is retracted to the decoupled position according to FIG. 9 as soon as this torque is eliminated. If the mentioned exceptional situation does not exist, the closing device will proceed directly from the state of FIG. 7 to the state according to FIG.

FIG. 10 shows the output sleeve. It has on the inside a plurality of coupling recesses 8.1, in which the coupling projection of the coupling element can engage.

As can also be seen in FIG. 11, the output sleeve 8 is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the driver 9 via coupling recesses 8. In addition, FIG. 11 shows the principle of the coupling between the rotor with the bearing sleeve 16 on the one hand and the output sleeve 8 on the other hand: In the coupling state, the coupling element 15 engages one of the coupling recesses 8.1.

Notwithstanding the illustration according to FIG. 11, the output element can also be produced in one piece, ie output sleeve 8 and driver 9 are formed by a single component. As is visible in FIG. 11 and shown in an overarching, schematic illustration in FIG. 11a, the torque transmission surface 8.2 of the output sleeve 8 and the torque transmission surface 15.1 of the coupling element 15 are not parallel to the axial direction 30, but at an angle α different from 0 ° relative thereto , This ensures that the force of the leg spring is always sufficient to retract the coupling element in the decoupled position when no external torque is applied to the rotor - in other words, it ensures that the force of the leg spring is sufficient, any static friction forces between the rotor and to overcome the stator and the resulting torque. On the other hand, as stated in detail, the angle is chosen to be so small that the radial component (ie, the force component along the radial direction 30) of the normal force N is approximately equal to the radial component of the maximum static frictional force F _H or less. In the figure, for better comparability, the negative -F _{H of} the maximum static friction force F _H exerted on the coupling element at a given torque is shown. This prevents that at high torque to the rotor, the coupling element can be pushed back against the spring force in the decoupled position due to the normal force.

In blocking embodiments, the coupling element, instead of engaging in a coupling recess of the output sleeve in the coupling state, engage in a blocking state in a blocking geometry of the stator. In such an embodiment, of course, the angle discussed above must be either 0 ° or in any case be so small that not with a large applied torque, the coupling element can be moved radially against the non-destructive nondestructive force. In addition, in this embodiment, preferably the center of gravity of the coupling element will lie on this side of the axis of rotation. FIG. 12 shows the drilling protection 21. This is designed as a disk which is rotatably inserted into a guide structure of the rotor housing. Next you can see a breaking point 41 outside the Bohrschutzes. The predetermined breaking point gives way to a strong train on the rotor and prevents the rotor or the entire lock cylinder can be solved by pulling out of the anchorage. It also protects against kinking attacks and excessive torque. To a certain extent, it also prevents the drill guard from being easily levered out, allowing any larger pieces of the coupling module to be torn out.

Finally, FIG. 13 shows the rotor as a whole. It can be seen that in the illustrated embodiment, the housing of the rotor is composed of two housing shells 10.1, 10.2, which are generally not identical on the inside and have structures which allow the attachment of the elements described above. The housing shells can be made of a hard and heat-resistant plastic or of a metal - for example, with zinc die-casting. The housing shells are held together by two bearing rings 51, 52 and optionally by a clamp (not shown). The bearing rings can be made of stainless steel or other suitable material and serve in addition to the mechanical stability and the low-friction bearing of the rotor in the stator.

Many variants are conceivable. The spring element may also be designed differently than that shown with a plurality of turns and two legs, for example as a leaf spring. An axial movement of the coupling element in place of the radial arrangement described and discussed here is conceivable, even if the radial arrangement shown is structurally particularly simple and reliable and therefore advantageous.

Claims

1. Locking device with a in a stator (5) mounted rotor (4), wherein the rotor (4) by an electronically controlled drive with a

Output element (8, 9) can be coupled and / or against the stator (5) can be blocked, and wherein the electrically controlled drive is arranged in the rotor and rotates with a rotational movement of the rotor with this, characterized in that the electric drive via a spring element (14), with a coupling element (15) for coupling the rotor with the

Output element or to block the rotor is coupled to the stator, such that a generated by the electric drive movement through the

Spring element (14) on the coupling element (15) is transferable.

2. Locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling element (15) by the spring element (14) is radially movable in the rotor.

3. Locking device according to claim 2, characterized in that the coupling element (15) in a decoupled state of the closing device comprises mass portions on both sides of the axis of rotation (20) of the rotor (4).

4. Locking device according to claim 3, characterized in that the

Clutch element (15) has a coupling projection, which in a coupling state in a corresponding coupling recess of the

Output elements (8, 9) engages and the center of gravity (S) of the

Coupling element (15) based on the coupling projection approximately on the axis of rotation (20) or on the side remote from the coupling projection of the axis of rotation.

Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the coupling element (15) has a coupling projection which engages in a coupling state in a corresponding coupling recess of the output element (8, 9), characterized in that a torque between the rotor (4) and the output element (8, 9) transmitting torque transmission surface (15.1) has a different from 0, o angle (α) to the direction of movement of the coupling element.

6. Locking device according to claim 5, characterized in that said angle is between 3 ° and 10 °.

7. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a bearing sleeve (16) for guiding the coupling element (15), wherein the bearing sleeve by a certain value exceeding torque between the rotor (4) and the

Output element (8, 9) is deformable, wherein at a torque with this value, the remaining elements of the locking device remain intact.

8. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spring element (14) by a drivable by the electric drive rotary spindle (13) is movable.

9. Locking device according to claim 8, characterized in that the rotary spindle is an endless spindle.

10. Locking device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the rotary spindle has a globoide outer shape.

1 1. Locking device according to one of claims 8-10, characterized in that the spring element (14) is a leg spring, whose one end engages in the turns of the rotary spindle.

12. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an evaluation for evaluating received data signals and for making a decision on the

Presence of an access authorization in the rotor (4) is arranged.

13. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a Bohrschutzelement (21) is rotatably mounted in the rotor (4).

14. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotor (4) has a predetermined breaking point (41), which is arranged outside a safe area.

15. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it acts as a lock cylinder with a normalized outer Contour is formed and, for example, at least one doorknob (2, 3).