EP2473404B1 - Flow body, high-lift flap or main wing or fin of an aircraft, as well as a structure component having such a flow body - Google Patents

Flow body, high-lift flap or main wing or fin of an aircraft, as well as a structure component having such a flow body Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2473404B1
EP2473404B1 EP10750068.8A EP10750068A EP2473404B1 EP 2473404 B1 EP2473404 B1 EP 2473404B1 EP 10750068 A EP10750068 A EP 10750068A EP 2473404 B1 EP2473404 B1 EP 2473404B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
flow body
passage
recess
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10750068.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2473404A2 (en
Inventor
Ulrich Rist
Andreas Knoll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Operations GmbH
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2473404A2 publication Critical patent/EP2473404A2/en
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Publication of EP2473404B1 publication Critical patent/EP2473404B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C21/00—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow
    • B64C21/02—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow by use of slot, ducts, porous areas or the like
    • B64C21/025—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow by use of slot, ducts, porous areas or the like for simultaneous blowing and sucking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C21/00—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow
    • B64C21/02—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow by use of slot, ducts, porous areas or the like
    • B64C21/08—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow by use of slot, ducts, porous areas or the like adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C2230/00—Boundary layer controls
    • B64C2230/08—Boundary layer controls by influencing fluid flow by means of surface cavities, i.e. net fluid flow is null
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C2230/00—Boundary layer controls
    • B64C2230/18—Boundary layer controls by using small jets that make the fluid flow oscillate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C2230/00—Boundary layer controls
    • B64C2230/24—Boundary layer controls by using passive resonance cavities, e.g. without transducers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/10—Drag reduction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flow body, a flap or a main wing or a fin of an aircraft and a structural component with such a flow body.
  • Flow bodies in particular as aircraft fins or aircraft wings, on the surface of which vortex generators are arranged, are known from the prior art. These vortex generators are small, inclined to an inflow direction sheets, which are arranged on a wing top or at the fuselage tail of the aircraft.
  • vortex generators are known in which compressed air is passed from a memory via lines to openings in the surface of the flow body.
  • vortex valves When required by vortex valves are controlled so that compressed air can escape from the openings in the main body flowing around the flow body. As compressed air flows out, the main flow is superimposed by the second flow, resulting in eddies.
  • the US 5,255,881 A describes a wing with slit-shaped passages in the wing surface.
  • the passages are connected via an intermediate drying chamber with a pressure tank. Air is ejected from the passages tangent to the flow surface to create artificial turbulence, the suction of which leads to additional buoyancy on the aircraft.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a flow body with which the flow around it can be influenced in a targeted and efficient manner such that separation effects of the flow on the flow body occur to a lesser extent.
  • the object of the invention is furthermore to provide an adjusting flap or a main wing or a fin of an aircraft and a structural component with such a flow body.
  • the boundary wall may in particular be designed as an extension of a wall region of the passage.
  • the aspirating and blowing device is adapted to effect a periodic alternation of inflation and deflation of fluid through the passageway and thereby to create a swirl in the flow of fluid surrounding the flow surface, the axis of rotation of which is directed along the assumed main flow direction of the body-depth direction is.
  • the flow separation is prevented by arranging at least one arrangement of one passage and one depression in this region of the flow surface or can be pushed into a rear region of the flow surface.
  • the fluid coming from the flow around the flow surface is directed into the depression and deflected by the boundary wall into the passage.
  • the secondary flow coming from the flow contour surface on the side lying on the boundary wall can thereby dissolve above the depression or be entrained outwards.
  • the flows add up to one in the depth direction or main flow direction asymmetric flow state and thus a swirl above the well, which is stable because of the cyclic sequence.
  • the flow body can have an edge line in the transition region between the boundary wall and the flow contour surface.
  • the edge line acts as a tear-off edge, so that the presence of the asymmetrical flow state seen in the depth direction or main flow direction can be advantageously supported by a corresponding design of the edge region or corner region.
  • the contour lines of the respectively abutting boundary wall and the flow contour surface seen in the flow body depth direction can thereby run in the region of the edge line at an angle of 90 degrees or less than 90 degrees, ie at an acute angle.
  • the edge line can be formed as a corner or with a relatively small radius of the contour line at this point.
  • the recessed portion of the flow surface may have a surface portion which is angled toward the flow contour surface adjacent to the recess in the flow body span direction, so that the surface portion as seen from the flow contour surface thereof ramps down to the mouth of the passage ie in flow body depth direction and in flow body spanwise direction.
  • the flow body according to the invention can be arranged on the flow body surface a plurality of arrangements each having a passage and a recess, of which at least several of these arrangements are in flow communication with an actuator space of a suction and Ausblasvorraum.
  • the arrangements of one passage and one depression in the flow body depth direction can be arranged one behind the other and spaced apart, the combinations of a depression and a passage in the flow body spanwise direction are arranged in the same orientation.
  • the arrangements of one passage and one depression in the flow body spanwise direction are arranged next to each other and spaced apart, the combinations of a depression and a passage alternately facing one another in the flow body depth direction Orientation are arranged.
  • the suction and blow-out device may be formed from a diaphragm actuator which at least partially surrounds the actuator space thereof and which is designed such that the volume of the actuator space can be increased and reduced by corresponding actuation of the diaphragm actuator, wherein the size of the actuator space can be increased and reduced. Volume fluid is blown through the passage and sucked by the enlargement of the actuator space volume fluid through the passage.
  • the membrane actuator can be electrically controlled in particular and be formed as a loudspeaker or piezo actuator.
  • This can have a boundary shell with an opening area which is covered by a membrane, wherein the membrane can be controlled in such a way that it moves in relation to the bounded by the boundary shell and the diaphragm actuator interior to reduce its volume inwards and moved to increase its volume to the outside.
  • the aspirating and blowing apparatus may include a flow generating device operatively associated with the actuator space of the aspirating and blowing device such that upon a corresponding actuation of the flow generating device, fluid is alternately cycled through the passageway and drawn in through the passageway ,
  • the flow-generating device may include a rotary piston pump and / or an intermittently operating piston pump or be formed by them.
  • an adjusting flap or main wing or fin of an aircraft which acts as a flow body according to a efindungswashen embodiment is formed.
  • a plurality of arrangements are arranged, in each case one passage and one depression in the flow body depth direction, in the rear half of the flow surface.
  • a structural component for an aircraft, a ground-based vehicle or a watercraft is provided with a structural member designed as a flow body, which is formed as a flow body according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the flow body 1 has a flow body surface 2, which forms a flow contour surface 3 provided for flow around a fluid.
  • a fluid i. e.g. understood gas or liquid, umströmter body
  • the flow body may be a main wing, an adjusting flap, a fin, that is to say a vertical or fin tail, an additional wing such as a slat or a canard or else a body part.
  • the flow body may comprise a structural part of a ground-based vehicle, such as a ground vehicle. a spoiler of the same.
  • the flow body may be part of a ship's hull or a rudder of a ship.
  • the problem may arise that - depending on the application and application - sets an undesirable tendency to detachment of the flow.
  • a flow body according to the invention it is possible to efficiently influence the flow in such a way that the flow around the flow body stabilizes and / or the tendency to detach the flow can be reduced locally or over a further region of the flow body.
  • a flow contour surface is understood as meaning that region of the flow body surface 2 which, due to the flow around it through a fluid, fulfills the intended function as intended, in the case of the wing, the lift generation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a flow body 1 in the form of an airfoil of an aircraft.
  • a coordinate system based on the flow body with a flow body spanwise direction S-SW, a flow body depth direction T-SW and a flow body thickness direction SD is entered in the figures.
  • the flow body 1 has a in the embodiment shown between a front edge 3a and one to this in flow body depth direction ST spaced from the rear edge 3b extending flow body surface 2, which forms a provided for flow around a fluid flow contour surface 3. Furthermore, the flow body 1 has at least one flow-influencing device 7 for influencing the flow of the fluid flowing around the flow surface 2.
  • the flow-influencing device 7 is formed from an arrangement 8 of a respective passage 10 and a recess 20. Furthermore, the flow-influencing device 7 is associated with an aspirating and blowing device (not shown in the figures), or the flow-influencing device 7 has an aspirating and blowing device.
  • the aircraft wing is surrounded in a main flow direction S with a fluid, in this case of air, wherein the main flow direction S of the aerodynamic body inflowing air along the wing depth direction, that is generally the flow body depth direction S-T.
  • the main flow direction S can generally also be directed at an angle to the flow body depth direction S-T.
  • FIG. 1 a plurality of assemblies 8 are shown, each consisting of a passage 10 and a recess 20, which are arranged on the surface of the wing 1.
  • a sequence A1 of six arrays 8 each of a passage 10 and a recess 20 are shown, which are arranged one behind the other in the flow body depth direction ST.
  • a single assembly 8 is shown in each case a passage 10 and a recess 20 which is elongated over a large part the top of the flow surface 2 extends.
  • the flow in a larger area extending in the flow body depth direction ST can be influenced according to the invention.
  • a series A2 of arrangements 8 which - as in the outer area of the in the FIG. 1 1, as seen in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW, are arranged one behind the other and offset relative to one another, the flow being influenced according to the invention in a larger region extending in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW.
  • the assemblies 8 each having a passage 10 and a recess 20 may be arranged one behind the other in the flow body depth direction ST (sequence A1), the combinations of a recess 20 and a passage 10 in the flow body depth direction ST being seen in the like Orientation are arranged, ie the recesses 20 of the sequence A1 are located on the same side of the recess and the passage as seen in the depth direction S-T.
  • the at least two arrangements 8 are arranged side by side and spaced from each other in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW, two adjacent arrangements each consisting of a combination of a recess 20 and a passage 10 in the Seen flow body depth direction S-SW as seen opposite to each other orientations, that is, the recesses are in the spanwise direction S-SW seen at mutually opposite sides, as with the in the FIG. 1 shown arrangement A2 is shown.
  • this constellation of oppositely located arrangements of a respective recess 20 and a passage 10 arise at respectively adjacent arrangements 8 vortices which rotate in the opposite direction of rotation. These adjacent vertebrae intermesh, so to speak, and favor each other.
  • Such a series A2 of mutually opposing arrangements of a recess 20th and a passage 10 may thus be provided at locations of the flow body K, in which the most stable possible holding this vortex is provided.
  • the at least two arrangements 8 are arranged next to each other and spaced apart in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW, the combination of a depression 20 and a passage 10 being seen in the flow body depth direction S-SW are arranged in the same orientation, wherein the recesses in the spanwise direction S-SW are located on the same side of the recess and passage arrangement.
  • friction losses occur in the adjacent and interacting, in the same direction rotating vortices, so that these vortices are less stable in time and dissolve faster than in the embodiment described above.
  • Such a series of mutually co-located arrangements of a recess 20 and a passage 10 may thus be provided at locations of the flow body K, in which only relatively short time vortex on the surface of the same are to be formed, which thus - because of their same direction of rotation in their mutual Influence - dissolve relatively quickly.
  • This plurality of equidirectional arrangements 8 can be used in particular for noise control and in this case advantageously be arranged at locations of the flow body where noise is generated due to the locally occurring there flow.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show as part of the inventively provided flow influencing device 7 for influencing the flow of the fluid flowing around the flow surface 2 an embodiment of an inventive arrangement 8 from a respective passage 10 and a recess 20 which is formed in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW next to the passage ,
  • An actuator space or an interior of an aspirating and blowing device is fluidly coupled to the passage 10 so that the flow state in the recess 20 and in the area above it can be influenced by the suction and Ausblasvorraum.
  • the passage 10 extends along the flow body thickness direction SD, so seen from the recess 20 into the flow body 1 inside.
  • the recess 20 extends along the flow body spanwise direction S-SW and is formed through a recessed portion 21 of the flow surface 2 at a flow-influencing area within the flow contour surface 3 of the flow surface 2.
  • the flow contour surface 3 is located around the recessed portion 21 around.
  • the recess 20, which is formed substantially trough-shaped, is thus arranged behind the passage 10 or in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW behind or in front of the passage 10 in the flow body depth direction S-T.
  • the recess 20 is formed by a recess portion 21, which in the embodiment of the FIGS. 2 and 3 in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW, viewed at an angle to the flow contour surface 3 adjacent to the recess 20, so that the surface portion 21 drops ramped from the flow contour surface 2a from the latter to the junction 10a of the passage 10.
  • the recess 20 is formed by a recess portion 21 having a side wall 21 a and a bottom portion 21 b.
  • the side wall 21 a has seen in the flow body depth direction ST the shape of a step edge, since the contour line of the side wall 21 a at a relatively large angle, for example, located between 50 degrees and 90 degrees, to the contour line of the flow contour surface 3.
  • the passage 10 is arranged laterally of the bottom portion 21 b. With regard to the position of the passage 10, a boundary wall 11 is formed, the contour line of which results in the viewing direction of the flow body depth direction ST overall at a relatively large angle, for example, between 50 degrees and 90 degrees to the contour line of the flow contour surface 3.
  • the boundary wall 11 extends from the junction 10 a to the edge region 24.
  • the junction 10 a of the passage 10 is located, which forms an opening 10 b of the recess 20.
  • the contour line of the recess 20 that results in the direction of view of the flow body depth direction ST ST has a first edge region 23 located at the location of the junction 10a, which forms the transition from the bottom region 21b to the passage 10.
  • the contour line of the depression 20 resulting in the direction of view of the flow body depth direction ST has a second edge region 24, which forms the transition from the boundary wall 11 to the flow contour surface 3, which the depression interrupts with respect to the flow around the flow contour surface 3.
  • the first edge region 23 is in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW below, so located with respect to the position of the flow contour surface 3 further inside the flow body 1 than the second edge region 24, so that the boundary wall 11 between the junction 10a and the Flow contour surface 3 extends and thus forms a side wall, namely located at the junction 10 side wall of the recess 20.
  • the boundary wall 11 can therefore also be designed in particular as an extension of a wall region of the passage 10.
  • the second edge region 24 or the transition region between the boundary wall 11 and the flow contour surface 3 may in particular be formed with a contour line with a relatively small radius of curvature or else as a corner, ie have an edge line (FIG. FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, 5 ). In the formation of the flow body as a flap or wing of the radius of curvature may be provided in particular less than 10 mm.
  • the contour line of the boundary wall 11 may extend in sections or as a whole in a straight line, as shown in FIGS FIGS. 2 and 3 as well as 4 and 5 is shown. Also, the course of the contour line of the boundary wall 11 can be curved and, for example, extend away from the depression 20, ie from the point at which the opening 10b is situated. Likewise, it is possible that the boundary wall 11 is curved in the direction of the recess 20.
  • the passage 10 opens into the actuator chamber, in which a flow-generating device is arranged, sucked with the fluid from the region of the recess 20 and also from the overlying area in the chamber and with the fluid in to the opposite direction through the passage 10 can be blown out of the chamber when the flow-generating means is driven accordingly.
  • FIG. 2 the state during the suction phase is shown.
  • fluid flowing around the flow body 1 in the main flow direction S is sucked off and taken up by the chamber.
  • a suction is generated in the region of the depression, which is symbolically represented by the arrows S1.
  • This suction has the consequence that a larger amount of fluid is drawn in from the depression area 20a via the first edge area 23 and a smaller amount of fluid is drawn in from the flow contour area 3 via the second edge area 24.
  • more fluid is drawn in from the lower wall 23 in the recessed area 20a than from the wall 24.
  • This asymmetry in the fluid quantity produces a swirl DR in the main flow flowing in the main flow direction.
  • the resulting twist DR has an axis of rotation directed along the assumed flow body depth direction ST.
  • the flow-generating device When in the FIG. 3
  • the flow-generating device generates a flow which flows from the actuator chamber into the recess 20 and subsequently supports the formation of the aforementioned swirl DR, as shown in the comparison of FIGS FIGS. 2 and 3 evident.
  • fluid is blown in the beam direction S-Out between walls 13a and 13b to the edge regions 23 and 24. Due to the above-described geometrical asymmetry of the structural configuration of the arrangement 8 of recess 20 and passage 10, the flow from the side wall 21 a to the boundary wall 11 is strengthened.
  • a total of a secondary flow is created that can be used to supply the region of main flow that passes near the flow contour surface 3 with high-energy fluid emerging from the passage 10.
  • high-energy fluid can also be transferred from surface-dense layers into the flow layers, which flow close to the flow contour surface 3.
  • each arrangement is loosely coupled to a separate suction and blow-out device, each with an actuator space, so that at each arrangement 8 individually temporally a vortex or Drall DR can be generated.
  • a separate chamber is provided for each assembly 8 in each of which a flow-generating means is mounted, it may be provided that intake and exhaust flows through these assemblies 8 are made in common or predetermined delay.
  • the intended secondary flow effect can be maximized.
  • the individual act authors are clocked so that no gaps or vortex-free field on a certain area arises, whereby the duration of the flow to the respective adjacent arrangement 8 or recess 20 is taken into account.
  • a plurality of arrangements 8 are arranged one behind the other and in the process these arrangements 8 are either connected to a common chamber or are each individually connected to a separate chamber. If a common chamber is provided, fluid is sucked or blown through all of the assemblies 8 simultaneously via a flow generating means provided in this chamber.
  • the flow S1 which against the boundary wall eleventh bounces and is deflected down towards the junction 10a and the channel 13.
  • the secondary flow S2 which forms on the opposite side of the flow contour surface 3 with respect to the passage 10 of the depression 20, does not enter the depression and does not flow in the direction of the mouth 10a when the spin DR has formed (FIG. FIG. 2 ).
  • the edge region 24 may be designed as a corner, which causes a detachment of the secondary flow S2 at the edge region 24 and if necessary, a resolution of the same.
  • the formation of the edge region with an edge line has the advantage that it prevents the secondary flow S2 from entering the channel 13.
  • blow-out phase ( Figures 3 and 5 ) flows out of the passage 10 fluid exiting the interior of the flow body to the outside.
  • the fluid located in the depression 20 is entrained, so that when the suction phase and the blow-out phase alternate, an asymmetric flow state occurs ( Figures 3 and 5 ).
  • the fluid coming from the flow around the flow surface is directed into the depression and deflected by the boundary wall into the passage.
  • the secondary flow S2 coming from the flow contour surface on the side lying on the boundary wall can thereby dissolve above the depression.
  • the edge region or corner region 24 acts as a detachment edge or tear-off edge for this secondary flow.
  • the flows add up to an asymmetric flow state and thus a spin DR above the depression 21, which is stable because of the cyclical sequence.
  • the presence of the asymmetrical flow state can be advantageously supported by a corresponding design of the edge region or corner region 24 of the mouth 10a.
  • the edge region or corner region 24 can be designed as a tear-off edge 24 in which it has a sharp edge, ie an edge line.
  • the flow body according to the invention with at least one arrangement of passage and depression can be used in another embodiment, also in the fuel injection of an internal combustion engine, with which a swirl is generated, which improves the distribution of the fuel in the cylinder, so that the efficiency of the internal combustion engine with This measure can be optimized.
  • the arrangement 8 is arranged in the direction of flow of the fluid into the cylinder at the point at which the fuel is injected into the cylinder.
  • the passage 10 is the passage for the fuel in the combustion chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Strömungskörper, eine Stellklappe oder einen Hauptflügel oder eine Flosse eines Flugzeugs sowie ein Strukturbauteil mit einem solchen Strömungskörper.The invention relates to a flow body, a flap or a main wing or a fin of an aircraft and a structural component with such a flow body.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Strömungskörper, insbesondere als Flugzeugleitwerke oder Flugzeugflügel bekannt, auf deren Oberfläche Wirbelgeneratoren angeordnet sind. Bei diesen Wirbelgeneratoren handelt es sich um kleine, zu einer Anströmungsrichtung schräg stehende Bleche, die auf einer Flügeloberseite oder am Rumpfheck des Flugzeuges angeordnet sind.Flow bodies, in particular as aircraft fins or aircraft wings, on the surface of which vortex generators are arranged, are known from the prior art. These vortex generators are small, inclined to an inflow direction sheets, which are arranged on a wing top or at the fuselage tail of the aircraft.

Derartige Wirbelgeneratoren weißen jedoch den Nachteil auf, dass die Wirbel permanent, unabhängig vom Flugzustand, erzeugt werden, auch wenn diese gerade nicht benötigt werden. Daraus resultiert ein unnötiger Widerstand, der mit einem erhöhten Treibstoffverbrauch einhergeht.However, such vortex generators have the disadvantage that the vortices are permanently generated, regardless of the flight condition, even if they are not needed at the moment. This results in unnecessary resistance, which is associated with increased fuel consumption.

Darüber hinaus sind auch Wirbelgeneratoren bekannt, bei denen Druckluft, aus einem Speicher über Leitungen zu Öffnungen in der Oberfläche des Strömungskörpers geleitet wird. Bei Bedarf von Wirbeln werden Ventile so angesteuert, dass Pressluft aus den Öffnungen in die den Strömungskörper umfließende Hauptströmung austreten kann. Während Pressluft ausströmt, wird die Hauptströmung dabei durch die zweite Strömung überlagert, so dass sich Wirbel ergeben.In addition, vortex generators are known in which compressed air is passed from a memory via lines to openings in the surface of the flow body. When required by vortex valves are controlled so that compressed air can escape from the openings in the main body flowing around the flow body. As compressed air flows out, the main flow is superimposed by the second flow, resulting in eddies.

Diese Wirbelerzeugungsvorrichtungen bedingen jedoch den Einbau zusätzlicher, struktureller Bauteile in dem Strömungskörper, was zu einer Erhöhung des Gesamtgewichts führt und sich damit auch in einem erhöhten Kraftstoffverbrauch niederschlägt. Hohe Kraftstoffverbräuche sind im zeitgenössischen Flugzeugbau unerwünscht, da sie abgesehen von der erhöhten Umweltbelastung zu einer reduzierten Reichweite oder reduzierten Nutzlast der Flugzeuge führen.However, these swirling devices require the installation of additional, structural components in the flow body, which leads to an increase in the total weight and thus also reflected in increased fuel consumption. Height Fuel consumption is undesirable in contemporary aircraft because it results in reduced range or reduced payload of the aircraft, other than increased environmental impact.

Die US 5,255,881 A beschreibt einen Flügel mit schlitzförmigen Durchlässen in der Flügeloberfläche. Die Durchlässe sind über eine zwischengeschaltete Trockenkammer mit einem Drucktank verbunden. Luft wird aus den Durchlässen tangential zur Strömungsoberfläche ausgestoßen, um künstliche Verwirbelungen zu erzeugen, deren Sog zu einem zusätzlichen Auftrieb am Flugzeug führt.The US 5,255,881 A describes a wing with slit-shaped passages in the wing surface. The passages are connected via an intermediate drying chamber with a pressure tank. Air is ejected from the passages tangent to the flow surface to create artificial turbulence, the suction of which leads to additional buoyancy on the aircraft.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Strömungskörper bereitzustellen, mit dem die Umströmung desselben in gezielter und effizienter Weise derart beeinflusst werden kann, dass Ablösungseffekte der Strömung am Strömungskörper in geringerem Maße auftreten.The object of the invention is to provide a flow body with which the flow around it can be influenced in a targeted and efficient manner such that separation effects of the flow on the flow body occur to a lesser extent.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es weiterhin, eine Stellklappe oder einen Hauptflügel oder eine Flosse eines Flugzeugs sowie ein Strukturbauteil mit einem solchen Strömungskörper bereit zu stellen.The object of the invention is furthermore to provide an adjusting flap or a main wing or a fin of an aircraft and a structural component with such a flow body.

Diese Aufgaben werden mit den Merkmalen der jeweiligen unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst. Weitere Ausführungsformen sind in den auf diese jeweils rückbezogenen Unteransprüchen angegeben.These objects are achieved with the features of the respective independent claims. Further embodiments are given in the dependent on these respective subclaims.

Erfindungsgemäß ist ein Strömungskörper mit einer Strömungskörper-Oberfläche vorgesehen, die eine zur Umströmung durch ein Fluid vorgesehene Strömungskonturfläche ausbildet. Die eine Strömungskörper-Oberfläche kann sich insbesondere zwischen einer Vorderkante und einer zu dieser in Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung beabstandeten Hinterkante erstrecken. Der Strömungskörper weist weiterhin zumindest eine Strömungsbeeinflussungs-Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung der Strömung des die Strömungsoberfläche umströmenden Fluids auf. Die Strömungsbeeinflussungs-Vorrichtung weist jeweils auf:

  • einen entlang der Strömungskörper-Dickenrichtung verlaufenden Durchlass zur Verbindung des die Strömungsoberfläche umströmenden Fluids mit einem im Strömungskörper angeordneten Aktuatorraum einer Einsaug- und Ausblasvorrichtung,
  • ein in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung gesehen neben dem Durchlass angeordneter und sich entlang der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung erstreckender und insbesondere wannenförmig gestalteter Vertiefungsabschnitt , wobei der Vertiefungsabschnitt an einem Strömungsbeeinflussungsbereich innerhalb der flächigen Erstreckung der Strömungskonturfläche der Strömungsoberfläche ausgebildet ist, so dass eine Begrenzungswand mit dem Vertiefungsabschnitt eine Vertiefung bildet, wobei die Begrenzungswand in der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung gesehen und in Bezug auf den Durchlass dem Vertiefungsabschnitt gegenüber liegt.
According to the invention, a flow body with a flow body surface is provided which forms a flow contour surface provided for flow around a fluid. In particular, the one flow body surface may extend between a leading edge and a trailing edge spaced from the latter in the flow body depth direction. The flow body furthermore has at least one flow-influencing device for influencing the flow of the fluid flowing around the flow surface. The flow-influencing device has in each case:
  • a passage extending along the flow body thickness direction for connecting the fluid flowing around the flow surface with an actuator space of an intake and exhaust device arranged in the flow body,
  • an indentation section arranged adjacent to the passage and arranged along the flow body spanwise direction and in particular trough-shaped in the flow body depth direction, wherein the recess section is formed at a flow control region within the planar extension of the flow contour surface of the flow surface, so that a boundary wall with the recess section a Forming depression, wherein the boundary wall in the flow body spanwise direction and with respect to the passageway opposite to the recess portion.

Die Begrenzungswand kann insbesondere als Verlängerung eines Wandbereichs des Durchlasses ausgebildet sein.The boundary wall may in particular be designed as an extension of a wall region of the passage.

Die Einsaug- und Ausblasvorrichtung ist derart ausgeführt, dass diese ein periodisch einander abwechselndes Ein- und Ausblasen von Fluid durch den Durchlass bewirkt und dadurch in der Strömung des die Strömungsoberfläche umströmenden Fluids einen Drall erzeugen kann, dessen Rotationsachse entlang der angenommenen Hauptströmungsrichtung Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung gerichtet ist.
Durch diesen Drall wird dem den Strömungskörper umströmenden Fluid Energie zugeführt, die zusammen mit dem Drall dazu führen kann, dass die Strömung in Strömungsrichtung gesehen hinter der jeweiligen Anordnung aus jeweils einem Durchlass und einer Vertiefung eine stabilere Grenzschicht hat. Dadurch kann insbesondere erreicht werden, dass in Strömungszuständen, in denen an bestimmten Stellen der Strömungsoberfläche eine Neigung zur Strömungsablösung aufgrund eines Druckanstiegs in der Strömungsrichtung vorhanden ist, durch Anordnung zumindest einer Anordnung aus jeweils einem Durchlass und einer Vertiefung in diesem Bereich der Strömungsoberfläche die Strömungsablösung verhindert oder in einen hinteren Bereich der Strömungsoberfläche geschoben werden kann.The aspirating and blowing device is adapted to effect a periodic alternation of inflation and deflation of fluid through the passageway and thereby to create a swirl in the flow of fluid surrounding the flow surface, the axis of rotation of which is directed along the assumed main flow direction of the body-depth direction is.
As a result of this swirl, energy is supplied to the fluid flowing around the flow body, which together with the swirl can lead to the flow being seen behind in the flow direction the respective arrangement of a respective passage and a depression has a more stable boundary layer. In this way, it can be achieved, in particular, that in flow states in which a tendency to flow separation due to an increase in pressure in the flow direction is present at certain points of the flow surface, the flow separation is prevented by arranging at least one arrangement of one passage and one depression in this region of the flow surface or can be pushed into a rear region of the flow surface.

Damit können auf besonders einfache Weise Ablösungserscheinungen der Strömung verzögert werden, wobei der Lärm, der durch Zerstören großer kohärenter Wirbelstrukturen erzeugt wird, ebenfalls reduziert wird.This can be delayed in a particularly simple manner separation phenomena of the flow, wherein the noise generated by destroying large coherent vortex structures is also reduced.

In der Ansaugphase wird das von der Umströmung der Strömungsoberfläche kommende Fluid in die Vertiefung gelenkt und von der Begrenzungswand in den Durchlass umgelenkt. Die von der Strömungskonturfläche auf der an der Begrenzungswand liegenden Seite kommende Sekundärströmung kann sich dabei oberhalb der Vertiefung auflösen oder nach außen mitgerissen werden. In der Abfolge mehrerer Zyklen von Einsaugphasen und Ausblasphasen addieren sich die Strömungen zu einem in der Tiefenrichtung oder Hauptströmungsrichtung gesehen
asymmetrischen Strömungszustand und somit einem Drall oberhalb der Vertiefung, der wegen der zyklischen Abfolge stabil ist.In the suction phase, the fluid coming from the flow around the flow surface is directed into the depression and deflected by the boundary wall into the passage. The secondary flow coming from the flow contour surface on the side lying on the boundary wall can thereby dissolve above the depression or be entrained outwards. In the sequence of multiple cycles of intake and exhaust phases, the flows add up to one in the depth direction or main flow direction
asymmetric flow state and thus a swirl above the well, which is stable because of the cyclic sequence.

Nach einem erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel des Strömungskörpers kann dieser im Übergangsbereich zwischen der Begrenzungswand und der Strömungskonturfläche eine Kantenlinie aufweisen. Die Kantenlinie wirkt dabei als Abreißkante, so dass das Vorliegen des in der Tiefenrichtung oder Hauptströmungsrichtung gesehen asymmetrischen Strömungszustands auf vorteilhafte Weise durch eine entsprechende Gestaltung des Randbereichs oder Eckbereichs unterstützt werden kann. Die in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung gesehenen Konturlinien der jeweils aneinander liegenden Begrenzungswand und Strömungskonturfläche können dabei im Bereich der Kantenlinie mit einem Winkel von 90 Grad oder von weniger als 90 Grad, also in einem spitzen Winkel einander zulaufen. Die Kantenlinie kann dabei als Ecke oder mit einem verhältnismäßig geringen Radius der Konturlinie an dieser Stelle ausgebildet sein.According to an exemplary embodiment of the flow body according to the invention, the flow body can have an edge line in the transition region between the boundary wall and the flow contour surface. The edge line acts as a tear-off edge, so that the presence of the asymmetrical flow state seen in the depth direction or main flow direction can be advantageously supported by a corresponding design of the edge region or corner region. The contour lines of the respectively abutting boundary wall and the flow contour surface seen in the flow body depth direction can thereby run in the region of the edge line at an angle of 90 degrees or less than 90 degrees, ie at an acute angle. The edge line can be formed as a corner or with a relatively small radius of the contour line at this point.

Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel des Strömungskörpers kann der Vertiefungsabschnitt der Strömungsoberfläche einen Oberflächenabschnitt aufweisen, der in der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung gesehen winklig zu der neben der Vertiefung gelegenen Strömungskonturfläche verläuft, so dass der Oberflächenabschnitt von der Strömungskonturfläche aus gesehen von dieser zur Einmündung des Durchlasses hin rampenförmig abfällt, d.h. in Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung und in Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung verläuft.In an embodiment of the flow body according to the present invention, the recessed portion of the flow surface may have a surface portion which is angled toward the flow contour surface adjacent to the recess in the flow body span direction, so that the surface portion as seen from the flow contour surface thereof ramps down to the mouth of the passage ie in flow body depth direction and in flow body spanwise direction.

Nach einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Strömungskörpers kann auf dessen Strömungskörper-Oberfläche eine Mehrzahl von Anordnungen aus jeweils einem Durchlass und einer Vertiefung angeordnet sein, von denen zumindest mehrere dieser Anordnungen mit einem Aktuatorraum einer Einsaug- und Ausblasvorrichtung in Strömungsaustausch stehen.According to a further embodiment of the flow body according to the invention can be arranged on the flow body surface a plurality of arrangements each having a passage and a recess, of which at least several of these arrangements are in flow communication with an actuator space of a suction and Ausblasvorrichtung.

Bei einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Strömungskörpers können die Anordnungen aus jeweils einem Durchlass und einer Vertiefung in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung gesehen hintereinander und voneinander beabstandet angeordnet sein, wobei die Kombinationen einer Vertiefung und eines Durchlasses in der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung gesehen in dergleichen Orientierung angeordnet sind.In a further embodiment of the flow body according to the invention, the arrangements of one passage and one depression in the flow body depth direction can be arranged one behind the other and spaced apart, the combinations of a depression and a passage in the flow body spanwise direction are arranged in the same orientation.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich können bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Strömungskörper die Anordnungen aus jeweils einem Durchlass und einer Vertiefung in der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung gesehen nebeneinander und voneinander beabstandet angeordnet sind, wobei die Kombinationen einer Vertiefung und eines Durchlasses in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung gesehen jeweils abwechselnd in zueinander entgegen gesetzter Orientierung angeordnet sind.Alternatively or additionally, in the case of the flow body according to the invention, the arrangements of one passage and one depression in the flow body spanwise direction are arranged next to each other and spaced apart, the combinations of a depression and a passage alternately facing one another in the flow body depth direction Orientation are arranged.

Die Einsaug- und Ausblasvorrichtung kann aus einem den Aktuatorraum derselben zumindest teilweise umgrenzenden Membran-Aktuator gebildet sein, der derart ausgeführt ist, dass durch entsprechende Betätigung des Membran-Aktuators das Volumen des Aktuatorraums vergrößert und verkleinert werden kann, wobei durch die Verkleinerung des Aktuatorraum-Volumens Fluid durch den Durchlass ausgeblasen und durch die Vergrößerung des Aktuatorraum-Volumens Fluid durch den Durchlass eingesaugt wird. Der Membran-Aktuator kann dabei insbesondere elektrisch ansteuerbar sein und als Lautsprecher- oder Piezo-Aktuator gebildet sein. Dieser kann eine Begrenzungsschale mit einem Öffnungsbereich aufweisen, der von einer Membran abgedeckt wird, wobei die Membran derart angesteuert werden kann, dass sich diese in Bezug auf den von der Begrenzungsschale und der Membran umgrenzten Aktuator-Innenraum zur Verkleinerung von dessen Volumen nach innen bewegt und zur Vergrößerung von dessen Volumen nach außen bewegt.The suction and blow-out device may be formed from a diaphragm actuator which at least partially surrounds the actuator space thereof and which is designed such that the volume of the actuator space can be increased and reduced by corresponding actuation of the diaphragm actuator, wherein the size of the actuator space can be increased and reduced. Volume fluid is blown through the passage and sucked by the enlargement of the actuator space volume fluid through the passage. The membrane actuator can be electrically controlled in particular and be formed as a loudspeaker or piezo actuator. This can have a boundary shell with an opening area which is covered by a membrane, wherein the membrane can be controlled in such a way that it moves in relation to the bounded by the boundary shell and the diaphragm actuator interior to reduce its volume inwards and moved to increase its volume to the outside.

Alternativ dazu kann die Einsaug- und Ausblasvorrichtung eine Strömungserzeugungs-Vorrichtung aufweisen, die derart in Wirkverbindung mit dem Aktuatorraum der Einsaug- und Ausblasvorrichtung steht, dass bei einer entsprechenden Betätigung der Strömungserzeugungs-Vorrichtung periodisch abwechselnd Fluid durch den Durchlass ausgeblasen und durch den Durchlass eingesaugt wird. Die Strömungserzeugungs-Vorrichtung kann dabei eine Kreiskolbenpumpe und/oder eine intermittierend arbeitende Kolbenpumpe aufweisen oder durch diese gebildet sein.Alternatively, the aspirating and blowing apparatus may include a flow generating device operatively associated with the actuator space of the aspirating and blowing device such that upon a corresponding actuation of the flow generating device, fluid is alternately cycled through the passageway and drawn in through the passageway , The flow-generating device may include a rotary piston pump and / or an intermittently operating piston pump or be formed by them.

Nach einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung ist eine Stellklappe oder Hauptflügel oder Flosse eines Flugzeugs vorgesehen, die als Strömungskörper nach einer efindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform gebildet ist. Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass eine Mehrzahl von Anordnungen aus jeweils einem Durchlass und einer Vertiefung in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung gesehen in der hinteren Hälfte der Strömungsoberfläche angeordnet sind.According to a further aspect of the invention, an adjusting flap or main wing or fin of an aircraft is provided which acts as a flow body according to a efindungsgemäßen embodiment is formed. In this case, it can be provided that a plurality of arrangements are arranged, in each case one passage and one depression in the flow body depth direction, in the rear half of the flow surface.

Nach einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung ist ein Strukturbauteil für ein Flugzeug, ein bodengebundenes Fahrzeug oder ein Wasserfahrzeug mit einem als Strömungskörper ausgebildeten Strukturbauteil vorgesehen, das als Strömungskörper nach einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform gebildet ist.According to a further aspect of the invention, a structural component for an aircraft, a ground-based vehicle or a watercraft is provided with a structural member designed as a flow body, which is formed as a flow body according to an embodiment of the invention.

Im Folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung an Hand der beigefügten, schematischen Figuren beschrieben, die zeigen:

  • ▪ Figur 1 eine Draufsicht auf einen erfindungsgemäßen Strömungskörper in Form eines Tragflügels eines Flugzeugs, der eine Mehrzahl von erfindungsgemäßen Wirbelgeneratoren mit jeweils einem Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anordnung aus jeweils einem Durchlass und einer Vertiefung aufweist,
  • ▪ Figur 2 eine Teilschnittansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel vorgesehenen Anordnung aus jeweils einem Durchlass und einer Vertiefung entlang der Schnittlinie B-B aus der Figur 1 in einer Ansaugphase, bei der Luft vom Bereich der Strömungsoberfläche in den Durchlass einströmt,
  • ▪ Figur 3 die Teilschnittansicht des Ausführungsbeispiel der Anordnung aus jeweils einem Durchlass und einer Vertiefung gemäß der Figur 2 in einer Ausblasphase, bei der Luft aus dem Durchlass in den Bereich der Strömungsoberfläche ausströmt,
  • ▪ Figur 4 eine Teilschnittansicht eines gegenüber der in den Figuren 2 und 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Anordnung aus jeweils einem Durchlass und einer Vertiefung in einem Zustand, bei dem Fluid vom Bereich der Strömungsoberfläche in den Durchlass einströmt,
  • ▪ Figur 5 die in der Figur 4 gezeigte Ausführungsform der Anordnung aus jeweils einem Durchlass und einer Vertiefung in einem Zustand, bei dem Fluid aus dem Durchlass in den Bereich der Strömungsoberfläche ausströmt.
In the following, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the attached, schematic figures which show:
  • ▪ FIG. 1 4 is a plan view of a flow body according to the invention in the form of an airfoil of an aircraft, which has a plurality of vortex generators according to the invention, each having an embodiment of an arrangement comprising a respective passage and a depression;
  • ▪ FIG. 2 a partial sectional view of an embodiment of the invention provided arrangement of a respective passage and a depression along the section line BB of the FIG. 1 in a suction phase in which air flows from the area of the flow surface into the passage,
  • ▪ FIG. 3 the partial sectional view of the embodiment of the arrangement of a respective passage and a recess according to the FIG. 2 in a blow-out phase, in which air flows out of the passage into the area of the flow surface,
  • ▪ FIG. 4 a partial sectional view of one of the in the FIGS. 2 and 3 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, another exemplary embodiment of the arrangement provided according to the invention comprises a respective passage and a depression in a state in which fluid flows from the area of the flow surface into the passage.
  • ▪ FIG. 5 the in the FIG. 4 shown embodiment of the arrangement of a respective passage and a recess in a state in which fluid flows out of the passage in the region of the flow surface.

Der erfindungsgemäße Strömungskörper 1 weist eine Strömungskörper-Oberfläche 2 auf, die eine zur Umströmung durch ein Fluid vorgesehene Strömungskonturfläche 3 ausbildet. Nach der Erfindung wird unter Strömungskörper ein von einem Fluid, d.h. z.B. von Gas oder Flüssigkeit, umströmter Körper verstanden, der seine Hauptfunktion aufgrund der Umströmung durch das Fluid erhält. Beispielsweise kann der Strömungskörper ein Hauptflügel, eine Stellklappe, eine Flosse, also eine Höhen- oder Seitenleitwerks-Flosse, ein Zusatzflügel wie ein Vorflügel oder ein Canard oder auch ein Rumpfteil sein. Nach einem weiteren Beispiel kann der Strömungskörper ein Strukturteil eines bodengebundenen Fahrzeugs wie z.B. ein Spoiler desselben sein. Beispielsweise kann der Strömungskörper ein Teil eines Schiffsrumpfs oder ein Ruder eines Schiffes sein. Generell kann bei derartigen Strömungskörpern das Problem auftreten, dass sich - je nach Anwendungsfall und Einsatzgebiet - eine unerwünschte Neigung zur Ablösung der Strömung einstellt. Mit einem Strömungskörper nach der Erfindung ist es möglich, auf effiziente Weise die Strömung derart zu beeinflussen, dass die Umströmung des Strömungskörpers stabilisiert und/oder die Neigung zur Ablösung der Strömung lokal oder über einen weiteren Bereich des Strömungskörpers verringert werden kann.The flow body 1 according to the invention has a flow body surface 2, which forms a flow contour surface 3 provided for flow around a fluid. According to the invention, under flow body, one of a fluid, i. e.g. understood gas or liquid, umströmter body, which receives its main function due to the flow around the fluid. For example, the flow body may be a main wing, an adjusting flap, a fin, that is to say a vertical or fin tail, an additional wing such as a slat or a canard or else a body part. As another example, the flow body may comprise a structural part of a ground-based vehicle, such as a ground vehicle. a spoiler of the same. For example, the flow body may be part of a ship's hull or a rudder of a ship. In general, in such flow bodies, the problem may arise that - depending on the application and application - sets an undesirable tendency to detachment of the flow. With a flow body according to the invention, it is possible to efficiently influence the flow in such a way that the flow around the flow body stabilizes and / or the tendency to detach the flow can be reduced locally or over a further region of the flow body.

Unter Strömungskonturfläche wird derjenige Bereich der Strömungskörper-Oberfläche 2 verstanden, der aufgrund der Umströmung durch ein Fluid die bestimmungsgemäß vorgesehene Hauptfunktion, im Falle des Flügels die Auftriebserzeugung, erfüllt.A flow contour surface is understood as meaning that region of the flow body surface 2 which, due to the flow around it through a fluid, fulfills the intended function as intended, in the case of the wing, the lift generation.

Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf einen Strömungskörper 1 in Form eines Tragflügels eines Flugzeugs. Zur Orientierung und weiteren Beschreibung ist in den Figuren ein auf den Strömungskörper bezogenes Koordinatensystem mit einer Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung S-SW, einer Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung T-SW und einer Strömungskörper-Dickenrichtung S-D eingetragen.The FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a flow body 1 in the form of an airfoil of an aircraft. For orientation and further description, a coordinate system based on the flow body with a flow body spanwise direction S-SW, a flow body depth direction T-SW and a flow body thickness direction SD is entered in the figures.

Der Strömungskörper 1 weist eine in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel sich zwischen einer Vorderkante 3a und einer zu dieser in Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T beabstandeten Hinterkante 3b erstreckenden Strömungskörper-Oberfläche 2 auf, die eine zur Umströmung durch ein Fluid vorgesehene Strömungskonturfläche 3 ausbildet. Weiterhin weist der Strömungskörper 1 zumindest eine Strömungsbeeinflussungs-Vorrichtung 7 zur Beeinflussung der Strömung des die Strömungsoberfläche 2 umströmenden Fluids auf. Die Strömungsbeeinflussungs-Vorrichtung 7 ist aus einer Anordnung 8 aus jeweils einem Durchlass 10 und einer Vertiefung 20 gebildet. Weiterhin ist der Strömungsbeeinflussungs-Vorrichtung 7 eine Einsaug- und Ausblasvorrichtung (in den Figuren nicht dargestellt) zugeordnet oder weist die Strömungsbeeinflussungs-Vorrichtung 7 eine Einsaug- und Ausblasvorrichtung auf.The flow body 1 has a in the embodiment shown between a front edge 3a and one to this in flow body depth direction ST spaced from the rear edge 3b extending flow body surface 2, which forms a provided for flow around a fluid flow contour surface 3. Furthermore, the flow body 1 has at least one flow-influencing device 7 for influencing the flow of the fluid flowing around the flow surface 2. The flow-influencing device 7 is formed from an arrangement 8 of a respective passage 10 and a recess 20. Furthermore, the flow-influencing device 7 is associated with an aspirating and blowing device (not shown in the figures), or the flow-influencing device 7 has an aspirating and blowing device.

Der Flugzeugflügel wird in einer Hauptströmungsrichtung S mit einem Fluid, in diesem Fall von Luft, umströmt, wobei die Hauptströmungsrichtung S der den aerodynamischen Körper anströmenden Luft entlang der Flügel-Tiefenrichtung, also generell der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T verläuft. Die Hauptströmungsrichtung S kann generell auch winklig zur Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T gerichtet sein.The aircraft wing is surrounded in a main flow direction S with a fluid, in this case of air, wherein the main flow direction S of the aerodynamic body inflowing air along the wing depth direction, that is generally the flow body depth direction S-T. The main flow direction S can generally also be directed at an angle to the flow body depth direction S-T.

Bei einer Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Strömungskörpers z.B. auf Schiffskörper ist das den Strömungskörper umströmende Fluid Wasser. Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung kann auf diesen Anwendungsfall ohne weiteres analog angewendet werden.In an application of the flow body according to the invention e.g. on hull is the fluid flowing around the flow body water. The solution according to the invention can readily be applied analogously to this application.

In der Figur 1 sind mehrere Anordnungen 8 aus jeweils einem Durchlass 10 und einer Vertiefung 20 dargestellt, die auf der Oberfläche des Flügels 1 angeordnet sind. Beispielartig ist in der Figur 1 in einem Bereich der Strömungsoberfläche 2 des Strömungskörpers 1 bzw. des Flügels eine Abfolge A1 von sechs Anordnungen 8 aus jeweils einem Durchlass 10 und einer Vertiefung 20 gezeigt, die in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T hintereinander angeordnet sind. Durch eine solche Abfolge A1 von Anordnungen 8 in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T kann die Strömung in einem größeren sich in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T erstreckenden Bereich erfindungsgemäß beeinflusst werden. Im inneren Bereich des in der Figur 1 dargestellten Flügels 1 ist eine einzelne Anordnung 8 aus jeweils einem Durchlass 10 und einer Vertiefung 20 dargestellt, die sich länglich über einen Großteil der Oberseite der Strömungsoberfläche 2 erstreckt. Auch mit dieser Ausführungsform einer Anordnung 8 kann die Strömung in einem größeren sich in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T erstreckenden Bereich erfindungsgemäß beeinflusst werden. Auch kann durch eine Reihe A2 von Anordnungen 8, die - wie im äußeren Bereich des in der Figur 1 dargestellten Flügels 1 gezeigt ist - in der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung S-SW gesehen hintereinander und dabei auch versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind, die Strömung in einem größeren sich in der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung S-SW erstreckenden Bereich erfindungsgemäß beeinflusst werden.In the FIG. 1 a plurality of assemblies 8 are shown, each consisting of a passage 10 and a recess 20, which are arranged on the surface of the wing 1. Is exemplary in the FIG. 1 in a region of the flow surface 2 of the flow body 1 and the wing, a sequence A1 of six arrays 8 each of a passage 10 and a recess 20 are shown, which are arranged one behind the other in the flow body depth direction ST. By means of such a sequence A1 of arrangements 8 in the flow body depth direction ST, the flow in a larger region extending in the flow body depth direction ST can be influenced according to the invention. In the inner area of the in the FIG. 1 illustrated wing 1, a single assembly 8 is shown in each case a passage 10 and a recess 20 which is elongated over a large part the top of the flow surface 2 extends. Even with this embodiment of an arrangement 8, the flow in a larger area extending in the flow body depth direction ST can be influenced according to the invention. Also, by a series A2 of arrangements 8, which - as in the outer area of the in the FIG. 1 1, as seen in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW, are arranged one behind the other and offset relative to one another, the flow being influenced according to the invention in a larger region extending in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW.

Die Anordnungen 8 aus jeweils einem Durchlass 10 und einer Vertiefung 20 können in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T hintereinander und voneinander beabstandet angeordnet sein (Abfolge A1), wobei die Kombinationen jeweils einer Vertiefung 20 und eines Durchlasses 10 in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T gesehen in dergleichen Orientierung angeordnet sind, d.h. die Vertiefungen 20 der Abfolge A1 in der Tiefenrichtung S-T gesehen an derselben Seite der Anordnung von Vertiefung und Durchlass gelegen sind.The assemblies 8 each having a passage 10 and a recess 20 may be arranged one behind the other in the flow body depth direction ST (sequence A1), the combinations of a recess 20 and a passage 10 in the flow body depth direction ST being seen in the like Orientation are arranged, ie the recesses 20 of the sequence A1 are located on the same side of the recess and the passage as seen in the depth direction S-T.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann an dem Strömungskörper K vorgesehen sein, dass die zumindest zwei Anordnungen 8 in der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung S-SW nebeneinander und voneinander beabstandet angeordnet sind, wobei jeweils zwei benachbarte Anordnungen von jeweils einer Kombination einer Vertiefung 20 und eines Durchlasses 10 in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-SW gesehen zueinander entgegen gesetzten Orientierungen aufweisen, wobei also die Vertiefungen in der Spannweitenrichtung S-SW gesehen an zueinander entgegen gesetzten Seiten gelegen sind, wie dies mit der in der Figur 1 dargestellten Anordnung A2 gezeigt ist. Bei dieser Konstellation von gegensinnig zueinander gelegenen Anordnungen jeweils einer Vertiefung 20 und eines Durchlasses 10 entstehen an jeweils einander benachbarten Anordnungen 8 Wirbel, die in entgegengesetzter Drehrichtung drehen. Diese jeweils benachbarten Wirbel greifen sozusagen ineinander und begünstigen sich gegenseitig. Sie können sich dadurch stabilisieren und halten sich dadurch länger als in einer Konstellation, in der sich diese Wirbel nicht beeinflussen würden. Eine solche Reihe A2 von zueinander gegensinnig gelegenen Anordnungen einer Vertiefung 20 und eines Durchlasses 10 kann somit an Stellen des Strömungskörpers K vorgesehen sein, bei denen das möglichst stabile Halten dieser Wirbel vorgesehen ist.Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided on the flow body K that the at least two arrangements 8 are arranged side by side and spaced from each other in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW, two adjacent arrangements each consisting of a combination of a recess 20 and a passage 10 in the Seen flow body depth direction S-SW as seen opposite to each other orientations, that is, the recesses are in the spanwise direction S-SW seen at mutually opposite sides, as with the in the FIG. 1 shown arrangement A2 is shown. In this constellation of oppositely located arrangements of a respective recess 20 and a passage 10 arise at respectively adjacent arrangements 8 vortices which rotate in the opposite direction of rotation. These adjacent vertebrae intermesh, so to speak, and favor each other. They can thereby stabilize themselves and last longer than in a constellation in which these vortices would not influence. Such a series A2 of mutually opposing arrangements of a recess 20th and a passage 10 may thus be provided at locations of the flow body K, in which the most stable possible holding this vortex is provided.

Alternativ dazu kann an dem Strömungskörper K vorgesehen sein, dass die zumindest zwei Anordnungen 8 in der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung S-SW nebeneinander und voneinander beabstandet angeordnet sind, wobei die Kombination einer Vertiefung 20 und eines Durchlasses 10 in der Strömungskörper- Tiefenrichtung S-SW gesehen in der gleichen Orientierung angeordnet sind, wobei die Vertiefungen in der Spannweitenrichtung S-SW gesehen an derselben Seite der Anordnung auf Vertiefung und Durchlass gelegen sind. Bei dieser Konstellation von gleichsinnig zueinander gelegenen Anordnungen jeweils einer Vertiefung 20 und eines Durchlasses 10 entstehen Reibungsverluste bei den nebeneinander liegenden und sich gegenseitig beeinflussenden, gleichsinnig drehenden Wirbeln, so dass diese Wirbel zeitlich weniger stabil sind und sich schneller auflösen als bei dem zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel. Eine solche Reihe von zueinander gleichsinnig gelegenen Anordnungen einer Vertiefung 20 und eines Durchlasses 10 können somit an Stellen des Strömungskörpers K vorgesehen sein, bei denen nur verhältnismäßig kurzzeitig Wirbel auf der Oberfläche desselben gebildet werden sollen, die sich also - wegen ihrer gleichsinnigen Umdrehungsrichtung bei ihrer gegenseitigen Beeinflussung - relativ schnell auflösen. Diese Mehrzahl von gleichsinnig zueinander gelegenen Anordnungen 8 kann insbesondere auch zur Lärmbekämpfung verwendet werden und in diesem Fall vorteilhaft an Stellen des Strömungskörpers angeordnet sein, an denen aufgrund der dort lokal auftretenden Strömung Lärm erzeugt wird.Alternatively, it can be provided on the flow body K that the at least two arrangements 8 are arranged next to each other and spaced apart in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW, the combination of a depression 20 and a passage 10 being seen in the flow body depth direction S-SW are arranged in the same orientation, wherein the recesses in the spanwise direction S-SW are located on the same side of the recess and passage arrangement. In this constellation of equidistant arrangements of a respective depression 20 and a passage 10, friction losses occur in the adjacent and interacting, in the same direction rotating vortices, so that these vortices are less stable in time and dissolve faster than in the embodiment described above. Such a series of mutually co-located arrangements of a recess 20 and a passage 10 may thus be provided at locations of the flow body K, in which only relatively short time vortex on the surface of the same are to be formed, which thus - because of their same direction of rotation in their mutual Influence - dissolve relatively quickly. This plurality of equidirectional arrangements 8 can be used in particular for noise control and in this case advantageously be arranged at locations of the flow body where noise is generated due to the locally occurring there flow.

Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen als Teil der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Strömungsbeeinflussungs-Vorrichtung 7 zur Beeinflussung der Strömung des die Strömungsoberfläche 2 umströmenden Fluids ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung 8 aus jeweils einem Durchlass 10 und einer Vertiefung 20, die in der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung S-SW neben dem Durchlass gebildet ist. Ein Aktuatorraum oder ein Innenraum einer Einsaug- und Ausblasvorrichtung ist strömungstechnisch an den Durchlass 10 angekoppelt, so dass durch die Einsaug- und Ausblasvorrichtung der Strömungszustand in der Vertiefung 20 und in dem Gebiet oberhalb derselben beeinflusst werden kann. Der Durchlass 10 verläuft entlang der Strömungskörper-Dickenrichtung S-D, also von der Vertiefung 20 aus gesehen in den Strömungskörper 1 hinein.The FIGS. 2 and 3 show as part of the inventively provided flow influencing device 7 for influencing the flow of the fluid flowing around the flow surface 2 an embodiment of an inventive arrangement 8 from a respective passage 10 and a recess 20 which is formed in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW next to the passage , An actuator space or an interior of an aspirating and blowing device is fluidly coupled to the passage 10 so that the flow state in the recess 20 and in the area above it can be influenced by the suction and Ausblasvorrichtung. The passage 10 extends along the flow body thickness direction SD, so seen from the recess 20 into the flow body 1 inside.

Die Vertiefung 20 erstreckt sich entlang der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung S-SW und ist durch einen Vertiefungsabschnitt 21 der Strömungsoberfläche 2 an einem Strömungsbeeinflussungsbereich innerhalb der Strömungskonturfläche 3 der Strömungsoberfläche 2 ausgebildet. Somit ist die Strömungskonturfläche 3 um den Vertiefungsabschnitt 21 herum gelegen. Die Vertiefung 20, die im Wesentlichen wannenförmig ausgebildet ist, ist somit in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T gesehen neben dem Durchlass 10 oder in der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung S-SW hinter oder vor dem Durchlass 10 angeordnet.The recess 20 extends along the flow body spanwise direction S-SW and is formed through a recessed portion 21 of the flow surface 2 at a flow-influencing area within the flow contour surface 3 of the flow surface 2. Thus, the flow contour surface 3 is located around the recessed portion 21 around. The recess 20, which is formed substantially trough-shaped, is thus arranged behind the passage 10 or in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW behind or in front of the passage 10 in the flow body depth direction S-T.

Die Vertiefung 20 ist durch einen Vertiefungsabschnitt 21 gebildet, der in der Ausführungsform nach den Figuren 2 und 3 in der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung S-SW gesehen winklig zu der neben der Vertiefung 20 gelegenen Strömungskonturfläche 3 verläuft, so dass der Oberflächenabschnitt 21 von der Strömungskonturfläche 2a aus gesehen von dieser zur Einmündung 10a des Durchlasses 10 hin rampenförmig abfällt. In der Ausführungsform nach den Figuren 4 und 5, in denen dargestellte Teile gleicher Funktion mit denselben Bezugszeichen wie in der Darstellung der Figuren 2 und 3 versehen sind, ist die Vertiefung 20 durch einen Vertiefungsabschnitt 21 gebildet, der eine Seitenwand 21 a und einen Bodenbereich 21 b aufweist. Die Seitenwand 21 a hat in der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T gesehen die Form einer Stufenflanke, da die Konturlinie der Seitenwand 21 a in einem relativ großen Winkel, der z.B. zwischen 50 Grad und 90 Grad gelegen ist, zu der Konturlinie der Strömungskonturfläche 3 verläuft.The recess 20 is formed by a recess portion 21, which in the embodiment of the FIGS. 2 and 3 in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW, viewed at an angle to the flow contour surface 3 adjacent to the recess 20, so that the surface portion 21 drops ramped from the flow contour surface 2a from the latter to the junction 10a of the passage 10. In the embodiment of the FIGS. 4 and 5 in which represented parts have the same function with the same reference numerals as in the illustration of FIGS. 2 and 3 are provided, the recess 20 is formed by a recess portion 21 having a side wall 21 a and a bottom portion 21 b. The side wall 21 a has seen in the flow body depth direction ST the shape of a step edge, since the contour line of the side wall 21 a at a relatively large angle, for example, located between 50 degrees and 90 degrees, to the contour line of the flow contour surface 3.

Seitlich des Bodenbereichs 21 b ist der Durchlass 10 angeordnet. In Bezug auf die Lage des Durchlasses 10 ist eine Begrenzungswand 11 ausgebildet, deren sich in der Blickrichtung der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T ergebende Konturlinie insgesamt in einem relativ großen Winkel, der z.B. zwischen 50 Grad und 90 Grad zu der Konturlinie der Strömungskonturfläche 3 verläuft. Die Begrenzungswand 11 erstreckt sich von der Einmündung 10a bis zum Randbereich 24.Laterally of the bottom portion 21 b, the passage 10 is arranged. With regard to the position of the passage 10, a boundary wall 11 is formed, the contour line of which results in the viewing direction of the flow body depth direction ST overall at a relatively large angle, for example, between 50 degrees and 90 degrees to the contour line of the flow contour surface 3. The boundary wall 11 extends from the junction 10 a to the edge region 24.

Neben dem Bodenbereich 21 b ist somit die Einmündung 10a des Durchlasses 10 gelegen, die eine Öffnung 10b der Vertiefung 20 ausbildet. Die sich in der Blickrichtung der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T ergebende Konturlinie der Vertiefung 20 weist einen an der Stelle der Einmündung 10a gelegenen ersten Randbereich 23 auf, der den Übergang von dem Bodenbereich 21 b zum Durchlass 10 bildet. Ebenso weist die sich in der Blickrichtung der Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T ergebende Konturlinie der Vertiefung 20 einen zweiten Randbereich 24 auf, der den Übergang von der Begrenzungswand 11 zu der Strömungskonturfläche 3 bildet, den die Vertiefung hinsichtlich der Umströmung der Strömungskonturfläche 3 unterbricht. Der erste Randbereich 23 ist in der Strömungskörper-Spannweitenrichtung S-SW gesehen unterhalb, also in Bezug auf die Lage der Strömungskonturfläche 3 weiter im Inneren des Strömungskörpers 1 gelegen als der zweite Randbereich 24, so dass sich die Begrenzungswand 11 zwischen der Einmündung 10a und der Strömungskonturfläche 3 erstreckt und somit eine Seitenwand, nämlich die an der Einmündung 10 gelegene Seitenwand der Vertiefung 20 bildet. Die Begrenzungswand 11 kann somit insbesondere auch als eine Verlängerung eines Wandbereichs des Durchlasses 10 ausgebildet sein. Der zweite Randbereich 24 oder der Übergangsbereich zwischen der Begrenzungswand 11 und der Strömungskonturfläche 3 kann insbesondere mit einer Konturlinie mit relativ geringem Krümmungsradius oder auch als Ecke ausgebildet sein, also eine Kantenlinie aufweisen (Figuren 2, 3 und 4, 5). Bei der Ausbildung des Strömungskörpers als Klappe oder Flügel kann der Krümmungsradius insbesondere kleiner als 10 mm vorgesehen sein.In addition to the bottom portion 21 b thus the junction 10 a of the passage 10 is located, which forms an opening 10 b of the recess 20. The contour line of the recess 20 that results in the direction of view of the flow body depth direction ST ST has a first edge region 23 located at the location of the junction 10a, which forms the transition from the bottom region 21b to the passage 10. Likewise, the contour line of the depression 20 resulting in the direction of view of the flow body depth direction ST has a second edge region 24, which forms the transition from the boundary wall 11 to the flow contour surface 3, which the depression interrupts with respect to the flow around the flow contour surface 3. The first edge region 23 is in the flow body spanwise direction S-SW below, so located with respect to the position of the flow contour surface 3 further inside the flow body 1 than the second edge region 24, so that the boundary wall 11 between the junction 10a and the Flow contour surface 3 extends and thus forms a side wall, namely located at the junction 10 side wall of the recess 20. The boundary wall 11 can therefore also be designed in particular as an extension of a wall region of the passage 10. The second edge region 24 or the transition region between the boundary wall 11 and the flow contour surface 3 may in particular be formed with a contour line with a relatively small radius of curvature or else as a corner, ie have an edge line (FIG. FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, 5 ). In the formation of the flow body as a flap or wing of the radius of curvature may be provided in particular less than 10 mm.

Die Konturlinie der Begrenzungswand 11 kann abschnittsweise oder insgesamt geradlinig verlaufen, wie dies in den Figuren 2 und 3 sowie 4 und 5 dargestellt ist. Auch kann der Verlauf der Konturlinie der Begrenzungswand 11 gekrümmt verlaufen und sich dabei z.B. von der Stelle, an der die Öffnung 10b gelegen ist, von der Vertiefung 20 weg, also nach außen verlaufen. Genauso ist es möglich, dass die Begrenzungswand 11 in Richtung der Vertiefung 20 gekrümmt ist.The contour line of the boundary wall 11 may extend in sections or as a whole in a straight line, as shown in FIGS FIGS. 2 and 3 as well as 4 and 5 is shown. Also, the course of the contour line of the boundary wall 11 can be curved and, for example, extend away from the depression 20, ie from the point at which the opening 10b is situated. Likewise, it is possible that the boundary wall 11 is curved in the direction of the recess 20.

Der Durchlass 10 mündet in die Aktuatorkammer, in der eine Strömungserzeugungs-Vorrichtung angeordnet ist, mit der Fluid aus dem Bereich der Vertiefung 20 und auch aus dem darüber liegenden Bereich in die Kammer angesaugt und mit dem Fluid in dazu entgegen gesetzter Richtung durch den Durchlass 10 aus der Kammer ausgeblasen werden kann, wenn das Strömungserzeugungsmittel entsprechend angesteuert wird.The passage 10 opens into the actuator chamber, in which a flow-generating device is arranged, sucked with the fluid from the region of the recess 20 and also from the overlying area in the chamber and with the fluid in to the opposite direction through the passage 10 can be blown out of the chamber when the flow-generating means is driven accordingly.

In Figur 2 ist der Zustand während der Ansaugphase gezeigt. In dieser Phase wird mit dem Strömungserzeugungsmittel Fluid, das den Strömungskörper 1 in der Hauptströmungsrichtung S umströmt, abgesaugt und von der Kammer aufgenommen. Dabei wird im Bereich der Vertiefung ein Sog erzeugt, der mit den Pfeilen S1 symbolisch dargestellt ist. Dieser Sog hat zur Folge, dass eine größere Menge Fluid aus dem Vertiefungsbereich 20a über den ersten Randbereich 23 und eine geringere Menge Fluid von der Strömungskonturfläche 3 über den zweiten Randbereich 24 angesaugt wird. Mit anderen Worten wird in einer Ansaugphase mehr Fluid von der tiefer liegenden Wandung 23 im Vertiefungsbereich 20a angesaugt als von der Wandung 24. Durch diese Asymmetrie in der Fluidquantität wird ein Drall DR in dem in Hauptströmungsrichtung fließenden Hauptstrom erzeugt. Der sich ergebende Drall DR hat eine Rotationsachse, die entlang der angenommenen Strömungskörper-Tiefenrichtung S-T gerichtet ist.In FIG. 2 the state during the suction phase is shown. In this phase, with the flow generating means, fluid flowing around the flow body 1 in the main flow direction S is sucked off and taken up by the chamber. In this case, a suction is generated in the region of the depression, which is symbolically represented by the arrows S1. This suction has the consequence that a larger amount of fluid is drawn in from the depression area 20a via the first edge area 23 and a smaller amount of fluid is drawn in from the flow contour area 3 via the second edge area 24. In other words, in an intake phase, more fluid is drawn in from the lower wall 23 in the recessed area 20a than from the wall 24. This asymmetry in the fluid quantity produces a swirl DR in the main flow flowing in the main flow direction. The resulting twist DR has an axis of rotation directed along the assumed flow body depth direction ST.

Bei der in der Figur 3 dargestellte Ausblasphase erzeugt die Strömungserzeugungs-Vorrichtung eine Strömung, die von der Aktuatorkammer in die Vertiefung 20 strömt und in der Folge die Ausbildung des vorgenannten Dralls DR unterstützt, wie aus dem Vergleich der Figuren 2 und 3 hervorgeht. Dabei wird Fluid in Strahlrichtung S-Out zwischen Wandungen 13a und 13b zu den Randbereichen 23 und 24 geblasen. Aufgrund der oben beschriebenen geometrischen Asymmetrie des strukturellen Aufbaus der Anordnung 8 aus Vertiefung 20 und Durchlass 10, wird die Strömung von der Seitenwand 21 a zu der Begrenzungswand 11 gestärkt. Somit entsteht insgesamt eine Sekundärströmung, die dazu benutzt werden kann, den Bereich der Hauptströmung der in der Nähe der Strömungskonturfläche 3 verläuft mit energiereichem Fluid, welches aus dem Durchlass 10 heraustritt, zu versorgen. Durch Induktion kann auch energiereiches Fluid aus oberflächefernen Schichten in die Strömungsschichten, die nahe an der Strömungskonturfläche 3 vorbeiströmen, überführt werden.When in the FIG. 3 The flow-generating device generates a flow which flows from the actuator chamber into the recess 20 and subsequently supports the formation of the aforementioned swirl DR, as shown in the comparison of FIGS FIGS. 2 and 3 evident. In this case, fluid is blown in the beam direction S-Out between walls 13a and 13b to the edge regions 23 and 24. Due to the above-described geometrical asymmetry of the structural configuration of the arrangement 8 of recess 20 and passage 10, the flow from the side wall 21 a to the boundary wall 11 is strengthened. Thus, a total of a secondary flow is created that can be used to supply the region of main flow that passes near the flow contour surface 3 with high-energy fluid emerging from the passage 10. By induction, high-energy fluid can also be transferred from surface-dense layers into the flow layers, which flow close to the flow contour surface 3.

Die mit Bezug zu den Figuren 2 und 3 beschriebenen Ansaug- und Ausblasphasen werden durch entsprechende Betätigung der Strömungserzeugungs-Vorrichtung zyklisch wiederholt. Wenn eine Gruppe, also eine Abfolge A1 oder Reihe A2 mehrerer Anordnungen 8 vorgesehen sind, ist nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung jede Anordnung an jeweils eine separate Einsaug- und Ausblasvorrichtung mit jeweils einem Aktuatorraum angekloppelt, so dass an jeder Anordnung 8 zeitlich individuell ein Wirbel oder Drall DR erzeugt werden kann. Wenn bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel für jede Anordnungen 8 eine separate Kammer vorgesehen ist, in der jeweils ein Strömungserzeugungsmittel angebracht ist, kann vorgesehen sein, dass Ansaug- und Ausblasströmungen durch diese Anordnungen 8 im Gleichtakt oder in einer vorbestimmten Verzögerung zueinander erfolgen. Damit kann der beabsichtigte Sekundärströmungseffekt maximiert werden. Auch kann vorgesehen sein, dass die einzelnen Aktautoren so getaktet werden, dass keine Lücken oder wirbelfreies Feld auf einem bestimmten Bereich entsteht, wobei auch die Laufzeit der Strömung zur jeweils benachbarten Anordnung 8 oder Vertiefung 20 berücksichtigt wird.The related to the FIGS. 2 and 3 described suction and blow-out phases are cyclically repeated by appropriate operation of the flow-generating device. If a group, ie a sequence A1 or row A2 of several arrangements 8 are provided, according to an embodiment of the invention, each arrangement is loosely coupled to a separate suction and blow-out device, each with an actuator space, so that at each arrangement 8 individually temporally a vortex or Drall DR can be generated. In this embodiment, when a separate chamber is provided for each assembly 8, in each of which a flow-generating means is mounted, it may be provided that intake and exhaust flows through these assemblies 8 are made in common or predetermined delay. Thus, the intended secondary flow effect can be maximized. It can also be provided that the individual act authors are clocked so that no gaps or vortex-free field on a certain area arises, whereby the duration of the flow to the respective adjacent arrangement 8 or recess 20 is taken into account.

Alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, dass mehrere Anordnungen 8 hintereinander angeordnet sind und dabei diese Anordnungen 8 entweder mit einer gemeinsamen Kammer verbunden sind oder jeweils einzeln mit einer separaten Kammer in Verbindung stehen. Wenn eine gemeinsame Kammer vorgesehen ist, werden durch alle Anordnungen 8 gleichzeitig über ein in dieser Kammer vorgesehenes Strömungserzeugungsmittel Fluid angesaugt oder ausgeblasen.Alternatively it can be provided that a plurality of arrangements 8 are arranged one behind the other and in the process these arrangements 8 are either connected to a common chamber or are each individually connected to a separate chamber. If a common chamber is provided, fluid is sucked or blown through all of the assemblies 8 simultaneously via a flow generating means provided in this chamber.

Bei einer Anströmung des Strömungskörpers in der Richtung S und einem Ansaugen von Fluid durch den Durchlass 10 mittels einer Einsaug- und Ausblasvorrichtung oder eines Aktuators bildet sich - aufgrund des im Bereich der Mündung 10a herrschenden Unterdrucks - die Strömung S1 aus, die gegen die Begrenzungswand 11 prallt und nach unten in Richtung zur Einmündung 10a und den Kanal 13 abgelenkt wird. Die Sekundärströmung S2, die sich an der in Bezug auf den Durchlass 10 der Vertiefung 20 gegenüber liegenden Seite der Strömungskonturfläche 3 ausbildet, gelangt nicht in die Vertiefung und strömt nicht in Richtung zur Mündung 10a, wenn sich der Drall DR ausgebildet hat (Figur 2). Zusätzlich kann der Randbereich 24 als Ecke ausgeführt sein, die eine Ablösung der Sekundärströmung S2 an dem Randbereich 24 bewirkt und gegebenenfalls eine Auflösung derselben. Die Ausbildung des Randbereichs mit einer Kantenlinie hat den Vorteil, dass diese die Sekundärströmung S2 daran hindert in den Kanal 13 zu kommen.In an inflow of the flow body in the direction S and a suction of fluid through the passage 10 by means of a suction and blower or an actuator - due to the prevailing in the region of the mouth 10a negative pressure - forms the flow S1, which against the boundary wall eleventh bounces and is deflected down towards the junction 10a and the channel 13. The secondary flow S2, which forms on the opposite side of the flow contour surface 3 with respect to the passage 10 of the depression 20, does not enter the depression and does not flow in the direction of the mouth 10a when the spin DR has formed (FIG. FIG. 2 ). In addition, the edge region 24 may be designed as a corner, which causes a detachment of the secondary flow S2 at the edge region 24 and if necessary, a resolution of the same. The formation of the edge region with an edge line has the advantage that it prevents the secondary flow S2 from entering the channel 13.

In der Ausblasphase (Figuren 3 und 5) strömt das aus dem Durchlass 10 austretende Fluid vom Inneren des Strömungskörpers gesehen nach außen. Dabei wird das in der Vertiefung 20 befindliche Fluid mitgerissen (entrainment), so dass sich bei einem Abwechseln von Ansaugphase und Ausblasphase ein asymmetrischer Strömungszustand einstellt (Figuren 3 und 5).In the blow-out phase ( Figures 3 and 5 ) flows out of the passage 10 fluid exiting the interior of the flow body to the outside. In this case, the fluid located in the depression 20 is entrained, so that when the suction phase and the blow-out phase alternate, an asymmetric flow state occurs ( Figures 3 and 5 ).

In der Ansaugphase wird also das von der Umströmung der Strömungsoberfläche kommende Fluid in die Vertiefung gelenkt und von der Begrenzungswand in den Durchlass umgelenkt. Die von der Strömungskonturfläche auf der an der Begrenzungswand liegenden Seite kommende Sekundärströmung S2 kann sich dabei oberhalb der Vertiefung auflösen. Bei einer entsprechenden Gestaltung des Randbereichs oder Eckbereichs 24 wird die von der Strömungskonturfläche auf der an der Begrenzungswand liegenden Seite kommende Sekundärströmung S2 daran gehindert, in die Vertiefung 21 und den Durchlass 13 zu strömen. Dabei wirkt der Randbereich oder Eckbereich 24 als Ablösekante oder Abreißkante für diese Sekundärströmung. In der Ausblasphase tritt Fluid aus dem Durchlass aus. Dies führt zum Nachströmen oder Mitreißen des in der Vertiefung befindlichen Fluids und der von der Strömungskonturfläche auf der an der Begrenzungswand 11 liegenden Seite kommende Sekundärströmung S4. In der Abfolge mehrerer Zyklen von Einsaugphasen und Ausblasphasen addieren sich die Strömungen zu einem asymmetrischen Strömungszustand und somit einem Drall DR oberhalb der Vertiefung 21, der wegen der zyklischen Abfolge stabil ist.In the suction phase, therefore, the fluid coming from the flow around the flow surface is directed into the depression and deflected by the boundary wall into the passage. The secondary flow S2 coming from the flow contour surface on the side lying on the boundary wall can thereby dissolve above the depression. With a corresponding design of the edge region or corner region 24, the secondary flow S2 coming from the flow contour surface on the side lying on the boundary wall is prevented from flowing into the depression 21 and the passage 13. In this case, the edge region or corner region 24 acts as a detachment edge or tear-off edge for this secondary flow. In the blow-out phase, fluid exits the passage. This leads to the subsequent flow or entrainment of the fluid in the depression and the secondary flow S4 coming from the flow contour surface on the side lying on the boundary wall 11. In the sequence of several cycles of intake phases and exhaust phases, the flows add up to an asymmetric flow state and thus a spin DR above the depression 21, which is stable because of the cyclical sequence.

Das Vorliegen des asymmetrischen Strömungszustands kann auf vorteilhafte Weise durch eine entsprechende Gestaltung des Randbereichs oder Eckbereichs 24 der Mündung 10a unterstützt werden: Der Randbereich oder Eckbereich 24 kann als Abreißkante 24 gestaltet sein, in dem diese eine scharfe Kante, d.h. eine Kantenlinie aufweist.The presence of the asymmetrical flow state can be advantageously supported by a corresponding design of the edge region or corner region 24 of the mouth 10a. The edge region or corner region 24 can be designed as a tear-off edge 24 in which it has a sharp edge, ie an edge line.

Der erfindungsgemäße Strömungskörper mit zumindest einer Anordnung aus Durchlass und Vertiefung kann bei einem andern Ausführungsbeispiel auch bei der Kraftstoff-Einspritzung eines Verbrennungsmotors verwendet werden, mit dem ein Drall erzeugt wird, der die Verteilung des Kraftstoffes im Zylinder verbessert, so dass der Wirkungsgrad des Verbrennungsmotors mit dieser Maßnahme optimiert werden kann. Die Anordnung 8 ist dabei in der Einströmungsrichtung des Fluids in den Zylinder gesehen an der Stelle angeordnet, an der der Kraftstoff in den Zylinder eingespritzt wird. Der Durchlass 10 ist dabei der Durchlass für den Kraftstoff in den Verbrennungsraum.The flow body according to the invention with at least one arrangement of passage and depression can be used in another embodiment, also in the fuel injection of an internal combustion engine, with which a swirl is generated, which improves the distribution of the fuel in the cylinder, so that the efficiency of the internal combustion engine with This measure can be optimized. The arrangement 8 is arranged in the direction of flow of the fluid into the cylinder at the point at which the fuel is injected into the cylinder. The passage 10 is the passage for the fuel in the combustion chamber.

Claims (12)

  1. Flow body (1) with a flow body surface (2) forming a flow contour surface (3) for a fluid to flow about, and with at least one flow-influencing device for influencing the flow of the fluid flowing about the flow surface (2),
    characterized in that the flow-influencing device (7) respectively comprises:
    a passage (10) extending along the thickness direction (S-D) of the flow body for connecting the fluid flowing about the flow suface (2) with an actuator space of an ingestion and purging device arranged in the flow body (1),
    an indentation section (21) arranged next to the passage (10) in the chord direction (S-T) of the flow body and extending along the span direction (S-SW) of the flow body,
    wherein the indentation section (21) is formed in a flow influencing area inside the flow contour surface (3) of the flow surface (2) such that a boundary wall (11) forms a recess (20) with the indentation section (21),
    wherein the boundary wall (11) is located opposite the indentation section (21) in the span direction (S-SW) of the flow body and relative to the passage (10),
    such that upon alternate periodic ingesting and purging of fluid through the passage (10) using the ingestion and purging device in the fluid flowing about the flow surface (2) a swirl (DR) having a rotational axis directed along the assumed chord direction (S-T) of the flow body may be created.
  2. Flow body according to claim 1, characterized in that the transition area between the boundary wall (11) and the flow contour surface (3) has an edge line.
  3. Flow body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the indentation section (21) of the flow surface (2) extends angled with respect to the flow contour surface (2) next to the flow contour surface (2a) when viewed in the span direction (S-SW) of the flow body, such that the surface section (21) slopes towards an opening (10a) of the passage (10) in the form of the ramp from the flow contour surface (2a) when viewed from the latter.
  4. Flow body (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of arrangements each comprising a passage (10) and a recess (20) is arranged on the flow body surface (2), wherein at least several of said arrangements are in flow exchange with an actuator space of a ingestion and purging device.
  5. Flow body (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangements (8) each comprising a passage (10) and a recess (20) are arranged behind one another and spaced from one another when viewed in the chord direction (S-T) of the flow body, wherein the combinations of a recess (20) and a passage (10) are arranged in the same orientation when viewed in the span direction (S-SW) of the flow body.
  6. Flow body (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangements (8) each comprising a passage (10) and a recess are arranged adjacent to each other and spaced apart from each other when viewed in the span direction (S-SW) of the flow body, wherein the combinations of a recess (20) and passage (10) are each alternately oriented oppositely relative to each other when viewed in the span direction (S-SW) of the flow body.
  7. Flow body (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ingestion and purging device consists of a membrane actuator at least partially delimiting the actuator space of the latter, which is formed in such a way that the volume of the actuator space can be increased and decreased by correspondingly operating the membrane actuator, wherein decreasing the actuator space volume purges fluid through the passage, and increasing the actuator space volume ingests fluid through the passage.
  8. Flow body (1) according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that the ingestion and purging device comprises a flow-generating device that is operatively connected with the actuator space of the ingestion and purging device in such a way that fluid is alternately and periodically purged through the passage and ingested through the passage when the flow-generating device is correspondingly operated.
  9. Flow body (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flow-generating device comprises a rotary piston pump and/or an intermittently operating piston pump.
  10. Regulating flap or main wing or fin of an aircraft formed according to any of the preceding claims.
  11. Regulating flap or main wing or fin of an aircraft according to claim 10, characterized in that a plurality of arrangements (8) each comprising a passage (10) and recess (20) are arranged in the rear half of the flow surface (2) when viewed in the chord direction (S-T) of the flow body.
  12. Structural component for an aircraft, a land-bound vehicle or a water craft with a flow body according to any of claims 1 to 9.
EP10750068.8A 2009-09-02 2010-09-02 Flow body, high-lift flap or main wing or fin of an aircraft, as well as a structure component having such a flow body Not-in-force EP2473404B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23922109P 2009-09-02 2009-09-02
DE102009039769A DE102009039769A1 (en) 2009-09-02 2009-09-02 Flow body, valve or main wing or fin of an aircraft and structural component with such a flow body
PCT/EP2010/005390 WO2011026622A2 (en) 2009-09-02 2010-09-02 Flow body, high‑lift flap or mainplane or fin of an aircraft, as well as a structure component having a flow body such as this

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2473404A2 EP2473404A2 (en) 2012-07-11
EP2473404B1 true EP2473404B1 (en) 2017-04-05

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EP10750068.8A Not-in-force EP2473404B1 (en) 2009-09-02 2010-09-02 Flow body, high-lift flap or main wing or fin of an aircraft, as well as a structure component having such a flow body

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US (1) US8757556B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2473404B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102574577B (en)
CA (1) CA2772702A1 (en)
DE (1) DE102009039769A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2012112634A (en)
WO (1) WO2011026622A2 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CA2772702A1 (en) 2011-03-10
CN102574577A (en) 2012-07-11
DE102009039769A1 (en) 2011-03-17
WO2011026622A3 (en) 2011-04-28
US8757556B2 (en) 2014-06-24
EP2473404A2 (en) 2012-07-11
WO2011026622A2 (en) 2011-03-10
CN102574577B (en) 2016-01-20
US20120223190A1 (en) 2012-09-06
RU2012112634A (en) 2013-10-10

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