EP2471074A1 - Réacteur à fission nucléaire, module de combustible de fission nucléaire dégazé, procédés pour ceux-ci et système de module de combustible de fission nucléaire dégazé - Google Patents

Réacteur à fission nucléaire, module de combustible de fission nucléaire dégazé, procédés pour ceux-ci et système de module de combustible de fission nucléaire dégazé

Info

Publication number
EP2471074A1
EP2471074A1 EP10836301A EP10836301A EP2471074A1 EP 2471074 A1 EP2471074 A1 EP 2471074A1 EP 10836301 A EP10836301 A EP 10836301A EP 10836301 A EP10836301 A EP 10836301A EP 2471074 A1 EP2471074 A1 EP 2471074A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
valve
plenum
fission product
nuclear fission
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10836301A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Charles E. Ahlfeld
Pavel Hejzlar
Roderick A. Hyde
Muriel Y. Ishikawa
David G. Mcalees
Jon D. Mcwhirter
Nathan P. Myhrvold
Ashok Odedra
Clarence T. Tegreene
Joshua C. Walter
Kevan D. Weaver
Thomas A. Weaver
Charles Whitmer
Lowell L. Wood, Jr.
George B. Zimmerman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TerraPower LLC
Original Assignee
Searete LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/584,053 external-priority patent/US8488734B2/en
Priority claimed from US12/653,205 external-priority patent/US9269462B2/en
Priority claimed from US12/653,183 external-priority patent/US8712005B2/en
Priority claimed from US12/653,184 external-priority patent/US20110150167A1/en
Priority claimed from US12/653,206 external-priority patent/US8929505B2/en
Application filed by Searete LLC filed Critical Searete LLC
Publication of EP2471074A1 publication Critical patent/EP2471074A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/30—Assemblies of a number of fuel elements in the form of a rigid unit
    • G21C3/32—Bundles of parallel pin-, rod-, or tube-shaped fuel elements
    • G21C3/3213—Means for the storage or removal of fission gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/10—Structural combination of fuel element, control rod, reactor core, or moderator structure with sensitive instruments, e.g. for measuring radioactivity, strain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
    • G21C19/28—Arrangements for introducing fluent material into the reactor core; Arrangements for removing fluent material from the reactor core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C5/00—Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as moderator
    • G21C5/02—Details
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the present application is related to and claims the benefit of the earliest available effective filing date(s) from the following listed application(s) (the "Related Applications") (e.g., claims earliest available priority dates for other than provisional patent applications or claims benefits under 35 USC ⁇ 1 19(e) for provisional patent applications, for any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Related Application(s)). All subject matter of the Related Applications and of any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Related Applications is incorporated herein by reference to the extent such subject matter is not inconsistent herewith.
  • This application generally relates to induced nuclear reactions including processes, systems and elements, wherein a fuel component includes a means to release fission products therefrom during normal operation of a nuclear reactor and more particularly relates to a nuclear fission reactor, a vented nuclear fission fuel module, methods therefor and a vented nuclear fission fuel module system.
  • fission products i.e., a residual nucleus formed in fission, including fission fragments and their decay daughters
  • fission fragments i.e., a nucleus formed as a result of fission
  • decay products a nuclide resulting from radioactive decay of a parent isotope or precursor nuclide.
  • Nuclides known to undergo such fission by neutrons of all energies include uranium-233, uranium-235 and plutonium-239, which are fissile nuclides.
  • thermal neutrons having a kinetic energy of 0.0253 eV can be used to fission U-235 nuclei.
  • Fission of thorium-232 and uranium-238, which are fertile nuclides, will not undergo induced fission, except with fast neutrons that have a kinetic energy of at least 1 MeV (million electron volts).
  • the total kinetic energy released from each fission event is about 200 MeV for U-235 and about 210 MeV for Pu-239. In a commercial nuclear fission power reactor, this energy release is used to generate electricity.
  • the aforementioned fission products may be released from a nuclear fuel pellet during the fission process.
  • typical fission products include isotopes of the elements of barium, iodine, cesium, krypton, strontium and xenon, among others.
  • Some of these fission products are short-lived, such as 1-131 which has a half-life of about eight days before beta decaying to Xe-131.
  • Other fission products are longer-lived, such as Sr-90 which has a half-life of about 30 years.
  • individual fuel pellets may swell volumetrically either across the entire fuel pellet or at the ends thereof to form an hour-glass shape.
  • the mechanism leading to fuel pellet swelling that can compromise fuel cladding integrity is reasonably well understood by those in the art.
  • a gaseous fission product isotope may diffuse into the grain boundary of the fuel to form a gas bubble there, which leads, in part, to swelling of the fuel pellet.
  • solid phase fission products may precipitate out of the fuel matrix. Such processes contribute to the swelling of the fuel pellets.
  • such swollen fuel pellets may bridge a heat transfer gap that is present between the fuel pellets and the cladding surrounding or housing the fuel pellets, thereby allowing the fuel pellets to contact the cladding.
  • Contact of the fuel pellets with the cladding cause stress concentrations on the cladding as fission products continue to be formed leading to further fuel swelling.
  • Fission products may migrate from the fuel pellet, travel into the heat transfer medium in the gap between the fuel pellet and cladding and may be either absorbed, adsorbed, or interact chemically with portions of the cladding, particularly at grain boundaries.
  • the fission products may accelerate stress corrosion cracking of the cladding, which may in turn lead to a breach of the cladding at the locally affected areas. It is understood that fission gas pressure, FCMI, and FCCI may interact upon the cladding in a manner such that the effects are compounded.
  • a pressurized water reactor (PWR) design which uses thermal energy neutrons, includes a pressurizer that is partially filled with water. The water in the pressurizer is heated to create a steam bubble above the water that is in the pressurizer.
  • the pressurizer which is connected to a primary coolant loop of the reactor, provides an expansion space by means of the steam bubble to accommodate changes in water volume during reactor operation. Pressure is controlled in the primary coolant loop by increasing or decreasing the steam pressure in the pressurizer. Also, heat due to nuclear fission is transferred by conduction through the fuel cladding to water circulating in the primary coolant loop.
  • a steam generator that includes a secondary loop as well as the primary loop passing through it, is provided that allows the heat to transfer from the primary coolant loop to the secondary coolant loop.
  • the secondary coolant loop is separate from the primary coolant loop, so that the coolant flowing through the secondary coolant loop is not radioactively contaminated by the radioactive coolant flowing through the primary coolant loop. Due to the heat transfer occurring in the steam generator, steam that is produced in the steam generator is eventually supplied to a turbine-generator for generating electricity in a manner well known in the art of electricity production from steam.
  • fuel used in PWRs is typically uranium dioxide (UO 2 ) sealed in a cladding made from a zirconium alloy, such as ZIRCALOYTM (trademark of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.).
  • ZIRCALOYTM trademark of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  • a specific cladding material that is in common use due to its low absorption cross-section for thermal neutrons and known resistance to corrosion and cracking is ZIRCALOY-2TM, which contains chromium.
  • a common composition given in the literature for ZIRCALOY-2TM contains about 98.25 weight % (wt%) zirconium (Zr), 0.10 wt% chromium (Cr), 1.45 wt% tin (Sn), 0.135 wt% iron (Fe), 0.055 wt% nickel (Ni) and 0.01 wt% hafnium (Hi).
  • Zr zirconium
  • Cr zirconium
  • Cr 0.10 wt% chromium
  • Sn 1.45 wt% tin
  • Fe 0.135 wt% iron
  • Fe 0.055 wt% nickel
  • Hi 0.01 wt% hafnium
  • fission products in addition to Cs, known possibly to attack ZIRCALOY-2TM include rubidium, cesium urinates, cesium zirconates, cesium halides, tellurium and other halogens, and fuel pellet impurities such as hydrogen, water and hydrocarbons.
  • the cladding in a PWR may be made from materials other than ZIRCALOY-2TM, such as ferritic martensitic steels.
  • Type AISI 304L stainless steel which also contains chromium, has been used as another cladding material and contains C (0.02 wt%), Si (0.66 wt%), Mn (1.49 wt%), P (0.031 wt%), S (0.007 wt%), Cr (18.47 wt%), Ni (10.49 wt%) and Fe (68.83 wt%).
  • C 0.02 wt%)
  • Si 0.66 wt%)
  • Mn (1.49 wt%)
  • P 0.031 wt%)
  • S 0.007 wt%)
  • Cr (18.47 wt%) Cr (18.47 wt%)
  • Ni (10.49 wt%) and Fe (68.83 wt%) the corrosion product cesium chromate may also be produced when stainless steel is used.
  • a boiling water reactor (BWR) design which also uses thermal energy neutrons, allows coolant that acts as a moderator of neutrons to boil in the region of the fuel rods at a pressure of about 60 to about 70 bars (i.e., about 870 psi to about 1015 psi).
  • This steam-water mixture is supplied to a water separator that separates the steam from the water. Thereafter the steam is supplied to a dryer that dries the steam.
  • the "dried" steam is supplied to a turbine-generator for generating electricity in a manner well known in the art of electricity generation from steam.
  • This reactor design does not use a secondary coolant loop or steam generator.
  • the fuel in the fuel rods typically is U ( 1 ⁇ 4 and the cladding material typically is Zircaloy-2TM.
  • the pellet-clad interactions mentioned hereinabove for PWRs that might give rise to release of fission products may also obtain for BWRs.
  • recirculation pumps may be used in BWRs to force recirculation of the coolant in order to control reactor power. The power history of the reactor in turn affects the amount and type of fission products produced.
  • a fast neutron reactor such as a liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) design, uses fast energy neutrons rather than thermal energy neutrons in the fission process. It is known that, in such fast neutron reactors, there is a greater excess of neutrons released during the fission process than in thermal neutron reactors. This excess of neutrons is used to breed fissile material through the absorption of the excess neutrons in fertile material. More specifically, the reactor core is surrounded by a blanket of non-fissile fuel materials, such as uranium-238, which is bred, or converted, to fissile fuel material, such as plutonium-239. The plutonium-239 can be reprocessed for use as nuclear fuel.
  • non-fissile fuel materials such as uranium-238, which is bred, or converted, to fissile fuel material, such as plutonium-239.
  • the plutonium-239 can be reprocessed for use as nuclear fuel
  • the nuclear fuel present in the reactor core may be a uranium-nitride (UN).
  • the fuel may be a mixed oxide fuel, such as plutonium dioxide (PuOV) and uranium dioxide (UQ 2 ).
  • the fuel may be a metal actinide fuel produced by neutron capture during the fission process, such as an alloy of zirconium, uranium, plutonium and minor actinides (e.g., neptunium-237, americium-241, curium-242 through curium- 248, berkelium-247, californium-249 through californium-252, einsteinium-252 and fermium-257).
  • the reactor core is cooled by liquid metal, such as liquid sodium (Na) metal, or liquid lead metal, or a metal mixture, such as sodium-potassium (Na-K), or lead-bismuth (Pb-Bi).
  • liquid metal such as liquid sodium (Na) metal, or liquid lead metal, or a metal mixture, such as sodium-potassium (Na-K), or lead-bismuth (Pb-Bi).
  • Fission products absorb neutrons.
  • reprocessed fuel that is relatively free of neutron absorbing fission products is provided to the reactor core to generate heat that, in turn, is used to produce electricity.
  • the fission products have been previously separated-out of the spent reactor fuel during reprocessing that occurs before the reprocessed fuel can be provided to the reactor core to produce the electricity. Therefore, it may be desirable to separate fission products from the fuel before reprocessing begins in order to more cost effectively reprocess the fuel.
  • An advanced gas-cooled nuclear fission reactor uses a graphite neutron moderator and a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) coolant. AGRs obtain higher thermal efficiencies of about 40% and achieve higher bumups compared to PWRs and BWRs.
  • the fuel is U ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 pellets clad in stainless steel.
  • the coolant is circulated through the reactor core and then passed through a steam generator outside the core, but still within the pressure vessel.
  • Reactor control of the fission process is by means of control rods and reactor shutdown is achieved by means of nitrogen injection into the reactor core. Injection of balls comprising boron provides a redundant shutdown capability. Fission product production may have similar effects on fuel rod integrity, as previously mentioned for PWRs, BWRs and FNRs. Fission products produced during operation of the AGR include technetium-99, ruthenium- 106, cesium- 134 and cerium- 144,. neptunium-237 and others.
  • reactor designs under consideration in the nuclear industry but are, however, not in wide use. These other reactor designs include a light water cooled graphite-moderated reactor (coolant is boiling water); pressurized heavy water reactor (heavy water moderator, unenriched uranium fuel); sodium-cooled thermal reactor (thermal neutrons and sodium coolant); advanced pressurized water reactor (passive safety systems); simplified boiling water reactor (natural convection and no circulation pumps), among others.
  • coolant is boiling water
  • pressurized heavy water reactor heat-cooled thermal reactor
  • thermal reactor thermal neutrons and sodium coolant
  • advanced pressurized water reactor passive safety systems
  • simplified boiling water reactor natural convection and no circulation pumps
  • U.S. Patent 3,432,388 issued March 1 1, 1969 in the name of Peter Fortescue and titled "Nuclear Reactor System With Fission Gas Removal.”
  • This patent discloses a fluid- cooled nuclear reactor having a venting system for relieving pressure inside clad fuel pins.
  • a passageway network interconnects the interiors of otherwise sealed clad fuel pins in different fuel elements, and gas is admitted thereto to initially bring the internal pressure to within a given increment of the coolant pressure at startup.
  • gas is vented to storage vessels to maintain the internal pressure proportional to the coolant pressure.
  • the venting device comprises a porous plug for closure of the top end of the venting tube, which plug has a property of getting wet with the surrounding coolant, two plates that in cooperation with the cladding tube define a chamber for holdup of the gaseous fission products, a capillary tube for introducing the gaseous fission products from the nuclear fuel into the upper portion of the chamber, another capillary tube for introducing the gaseous fission products from the lower portion of the chamber to the porous plug, and a check valve for preventing the gaseous fission products within the chamber from flowing back into the interior of the cladding tube.
  • the gaseous fission products released from the nuclear fuel will pass through the check valve and the first mentioned capillary tube to reach the chamber, and from the chamber the gaseous fission products will pass through the second mentioned capillary tube and be vented through the porous plug to the coolant surrounding the nuclear fuel element.
  • Illustrative embodiments provide a nuclear fission reactor, a vented nuclear fission fuel module, methods therefore, and a vented nuclear fission fuel module system.
  • a nuclear fission reactor comprising: a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a fission product; and means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element for controllably venting the fission product.
  • a nuclear fission reactor comprising: a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product; a reactor vessel associated with the nuclear fission fuel element for receiving the gaseous fission product; and means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element for controllably venting the gaseous fission product into the reactor vessel.
  • a nuclear fission reactor comprising: a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product; a valve body associated with the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product; and a valve in operative communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a nuclear fission reactor comprising: a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product; a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, at least one of the plurality of valve bodies defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product; a valve disposed in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum; a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve for moving the valve; and a removable cap threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module comprising: a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a fission product; and means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element for controllably venting the fission product.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module comprising: a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product; and means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element for controllably venting the gaseous fission product.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module comprising: a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product; a valve body associated with the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product; and a valve in operative communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module comprising: a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product; a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, at least one of the plurality of valve bodies defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product; a valve disposed in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum; a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve for moving the valve; and a removable cap threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module system comprising: a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a fission product; and means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element for controllably venting the fission product.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module system comprising: a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product; and means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element for controllably venting the gaseous fission product.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module system comprising: a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product; a valve body associated with the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product; and a valve in operative communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module system comprising: a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product; a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, at least one of the plurality of valve bodies defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product; a vaive disposed in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum; a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve for moving the valve; and a removable cap threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a method of operating a nuclear fission reactor comprising: generating a fission product by activating a nuclear fission fuel element; and controllably venting the fission product by operating venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element.
  • a method of operating a nuclear fission reactor comprising: generating a gaseous fission product by activating a nuclear fission fuel element; receiving the gaseous fission product into a reactor vessel coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element; and operating venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element for controllably venting the gaseous fission product into the reactor vessel.
  • a method of operating a nuclear fission reactor comprising: receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element; and controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a method of operating a nuclear fission reactor comprising: receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles; controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum; displacing the valve by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve; and threadably mounting a cap on the valve.
  • a method of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module comprising: receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a fission product; and receiving means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element for controUably venting the fission product.
  • a method of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module comprising: receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product; coupling means to the nuclear fission fuel element for controUably venting the gaseous fission product into a reactor vessel; and coupling means for collecting the gaseous fission product to the venting means.
  • a method of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module comprising: receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product; coupling a valve body to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product; and disposing a valve in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a method of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module comprising: receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product; coupling a valve body to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product; disposing a valve in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum; coupling a flexible diaphragm to the valve for moving the valve; and threadably mounting a removable cap on the valve.
  • a feature of some embodiments and aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of means associated with a nuclear fission fuel element for venting a fission product gas from the nuclear fission fuel element.
  • valve body associated with the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein and a valve in communication with the plenum.
  • Yet another feature of some embodiments and aspects of the disclosure is the provision of a sensor in communication with the plenum for sensing fission product gas pressure in the plenum.
  • Yet another feature of some embodiments and aspects of the disclosure is the provision of a sensor in communication with the plenum for sensing type of fission product gas in the plenum.
  • a further feature of some embodiments and aspects of the disclosure is the provision of a canister surrounding the nuclear fission fuel element, the canister comprising a tube sheet therein having a contour shaped for guiding a coolant along a coolant flow path extending from a first opening defined by the canister and through a second opening defined by the canister.
  • An additional feature of some embodiments and aspects of the disclosure is the provision of a canister surrounding the nuclear fission fuel element, the canister comprising a ceramic tube sheet therein for dissipating heat and having a contour shaped for guiding a coolant along a coolant flow path extending from a first opening defined by the canister and through a second opening defined by the canister.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in partial elevation of an illustrative pressurized water reactor (PWR) including a plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules disposed therein;
  • PWR pressurized water reactor
  • FIG. 2 is a view in partial elevation of an illustrative boiling water reactor (BWR) including the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules disposed therein;
  • BWR boiling water reactor
  • FIG. 3 is view in partial elevation of an illustrative advanced gas-cooled reactor (AGR) including the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules disposed therein;
  • AGR advanced gas-cooled reactor
  • FIG. 4 is view in partial elevation of an illustrative fast neutron reactor (FNR) including the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules disposed therein;
  • FNR fast neutron reactor
  • FIG. 5 is a view in transverse cross section of an illustrative cylindrically shaped nuclear fission reactor core including the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules and a plurality of control rods disposed therein;
  • FIG. 6 is a view in transverse cross section of an illustrative hexagonally shaped nuclear fission reactor core including the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules and the plurality of control rods disposed therein;
  • FIG. 7 is a view in transverse cross section of an illustrative parallelepiped shaped traveling wave fast neutron nuclear fission reactor core including the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules and the plurality control rods disposed therein;
  • FIG. 8 is view in transverse cross section of an illustrative parallelepiped shaped traveling wave fast neutron breeder nuclear fission reactor core including the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules and the plurality of control rods disposed therein;
  • FIG. 9 is a view in transverse cross section of an illustrative cylindrically shaped vented nuclear fission fuel canister having a plurality of nuclear fuel elements disposed therein;
  • FIG. 10 is a view in transverse cross section of an illustrative parallelepiped shaped vented nuclear fission fuel canister having the plurality of nuclear fuel elements disposed therein;
  • FIG. 1 1 is a view in transverse cross section of an illustrative hexagonally shaped vented nuclear fission fuel canister having the plurality of nuclear fuel elements disposed therein;
  • FIG. 12 is an isometric view in vertical section of one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel elements
  • FIG. 13 is a view in partial elevation of the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules disposed on a reactor core lower support plate;
  • FIG. 14 is a view taken along section line 14-14 of Fig. 13;
  • FIG. 15 is a fragmentary view in perspective of an exterior of one of the vented nuclear fission fuel modules
  • FIG. 16 is a fragmentary view in perspective and partial vertical section of the vented nuclear fission fuel module
  • FIG. 17 is a view in elevation of an illustrative articulated manipulator arm in operable position to manipulate a cap belonging to the vented nuclear fission fuel module;
  • FIG. 18 is a plan view of the articulated manipulator arm in operable position to manipulate the cap belonging to the vented nuclear fission fuel module;
  • FIG. 19 is a view in elevation of the articulated manipulator arm operating a ball valve belonging to the vented nuclear fission fuel module for releasing a gaseous fission product therefrom;
  • FIG. 20 is a fragmentary view in perspective and partial vertical section of the vented nuclear fission fuel module including a sensor disposed therein, the sensor being coupled to a controller by means of a conduit (e.g., electrical or optical);
  • a conduit e.g., electrical or optical
  • FIG. 21 is a fragmentary view in perspective and partial vertical section of the vented nuclear fission fuel module including a sensor disposed therein, the sensor being coupled to a controller by means of radio frequency transmission;
  • FIG. 22 is a fragmentary view in perspective and partial vertical section of the vented nuclear fission fuel module including a reservoir for collecting fission product gas;
  • FIG. 23 is a fragmentary view in perspective and partial vertical section of the vented nuclear fission fuel module including a reservoir having a filter therein for separating and/or capturing a condensed (i.e., liquid or solid) fission product from the fission product gas;
  • FIG. 24 is a view in partial elevation of a suction device carried by the articulated manipulator arm for suctioning the fission product gas from the vented nuclear fission fuel module;
  • FIGS. 25 - 72 are flowcharts of illustrative methods of operating a nuclear fission reactor comprising a vented nuclear fission fuel module;
  • FIGS. 73 - 120 are flow charts of illustrative methods of assembling the vented nuclear fission fuel module.
  • the present application uses formal outline headings for clarity of presentation.
  • the outline headings are for presentation purposes, and that different types of subject matter may be discussed throughout the application (e.g., device(s)/structure(s) may be described under process(es)/operations heading(s) and/or process(es)/operations may be discussed under structure(s)/process(es) headings; and/or descriptions of single topics may span two or more topic headings).
  • the use of the formal outline headings is not intended to be in any way limiting.
  • the herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components.
  • any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as “associated with” each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components.
  • any two components so associated can also be viewed as being “operably connected”, or “operably coupled,” to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being “operably couplable,” to each other to achieve the desired functionality.
  • operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components, and/or wirelessly interactable, and/or wirelessly interacting components, and/or logically interacting, and/or logically interactable components.
  • one or more components may be referred to herein as “configured to,” “configurable to,” “operable operative to,” “adapted/adaptable,” “able to,” “conformable conformed to,” etc.
  • “configured to” can generally encompass active-state components and/or inactive-state components and/or standby-state components, unless context requires otherwise.
  • a nuclear fission reactor and system such as a pressurized water reactor (PWR) generally referred to as 10, which is configured to remove fission product gases.
  • Pressurized water reactor 10 comprises a nuclear reactor core, generally referred to as 20, for generating heat due to nuclear fission.
  • reactor core 20 Housed in reactor core 20 are a plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules, generally referred to as 30 (only three of which are shown) for suitably venting fission product gases, and which are described in detail hereinbelow.
  • control rods 35 comprise a suitable neutron absorber material having an acceptably high neutron absorption cross-section that controls the fission chain reaction.
  • the absorber material may be a metal or metalloid selected from the group consisting essentially of lithium, silver, indium, cadmium, boron, cobalt, hafnium, dysprosium, gadolinium, samarium, erbium, europium and mixtures thereof.
  • the absorber material may be a compound or alloy selected from the group consisting essentially of silver-indium- cadmium, boron carbide, zirconium diboride, titanium diboride, hafnium diboride, gadolinium titanate, dysprosium titanate and mixtures thereof.
  • Control rods 35 will controllably supply negative reactivity to reactor core 20.
  • control rods 35 provide a reactivity management capability to reactor core 20.
  • control rods 35 are capable of controlling the neutron flux profile across nuclear fission reactor core 20 and thus influence various operating characteristics of nuclear fission reactor core 20, including fission product generation.
  • the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 rest on a lower core support plate 40 for supporting vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 thereon.
  • Lower core support plate 40 defines a bore SO therethrough in communication with vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 for providing coolant to vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30, such as along fluid flow lines 60.
  • the coolant is distilled light water (H 2 0).
  • Reactor core 20 is disposed within a reactor pressure vessel 70 for preventing leakage of radioactive materials, including fission product gasses, solids or liquids from reactor core 20 to the surrounding biosphere.
  • Pressure vessel 70 may be steel, concrete or other material of suitable size and thickness to reduce risk of such radiation leakage and to support required pressure loads.
  • there is a containment vessel 80 sealingly surrounding parts of reactor 10 for added assurance that leakage of radioactive materials, including fission product gasses, solids or liquids from reactor core 20 to the surrounding biosphere is prevented.
  • a primary coolant loop comprises a first primary loop pipe segment 90 that is coupled to reactor core 20 for reasons disclosed momentarily.
  • a pressurizer 100 is coupled to primary loop pipe segment 90 for pressurizing the primary loop, which pressurizer 100 includes a distilled first body of water 105 and a pressurizer heater 107 for heating first body of water 105.
  • First body of water 105 in pressurizer 100 is heated by pressurizer heater 107 to create a steam bubble above first body of water 105 that is in pressurizer 100.
  • Pressurizer 100 provides an expansion space by means of the steam bubble to accommodate changes in water volume during operation of pressurized water reactor 10.
  • pressure is controlled in the primary coolant loop by increasing or decreasing the steam pressure in pressurizer 100.
  • First primary loop pipe segment 90 extends from reactor core 20 to an inlet plenum 1 15 defined by a heat exchanger or steam generator 110. Coolant flows through first primary loop pipe segment 90, into inlet plenum 115 and thereafter through a plurality of inverted U-shaped heat transfer tubes 120 (only one of which is shown) that are in communication with inlet plenum 1 15. Heat transfer tubes 120 are supported by a horizontally oriented steam generator tube sheet 125 and may be stabilized by a plurality of anti-vibration bars (not shown) connected to heat transfer tubes 120. An exit of each heat transfer tube 120 is in communication with an outlet plenum 130 defined by steam generator 110, which outlet plenum 130 is in communication with a second primary loop pipe segment 140.
  • Outlet plenum 130 is sealingly segregated from inlet plenum 1 15 by a vertically oriented divider plate 135.
  • Heat transfer tubes 120 are surrounded by a second body of water 150 having a predetermined temperature. The coolant fluid flowing through heat transfer tubes 120 will transfer its heat to second body of water 150, which is at a lower temperature than the fluid flowing through heat transfer tubes 120. As the fluid flowing through heat transfer tubes 120 transfers its heat to second body of water 150, a portion of second body of water 150 will vaporize to steam 160 according to the predetermined temperature within steam generator 1 10. Steam 160 will then travel through a steam line 170 which has one end thereof in vapor communication with steam 160 and another end thereof in liquid communication with body of water 150.
  • a rotatable turbine 180 is coupled to steam line 170, such that turbine 180 rotates as steam 160 passes therethrough.
  • An electrical generator 190 which is coupled to turbine 180, such as by a rotatable turbine shaft 200, generates electricity as turbine 180 rotates.
  • a condenser 210 is coupled to steam line 170 and receives the steam passing through turbine 180. Condenser 210 condenses the steam to liquid water and passes any waste heat, via a recirculation flow path 212 and an electro-mechanical first pump 214, to a heat sink, such as a cooling tower 220, which is associated with condenser 210.
  • the liquid water condensed by condenser 210 is pumped along steam line 170 from condenser 210 to steam generator 1 10 by means of an electromechanical second pump 230 interposed between condenser 210 and steam generator 1 10. It should be understood that steam generator 110, steam line 170, turbine 180, shaft 200, generator 190, condenser 210, cooling tower 220, first pump 214 and second pump 230 define a secondary coolant loop separated from the previously mentioned primary coolant loop.
  • a third electro-mechanical pump 240 is coupled to a third primary loop pipe segment 250 for allowing a suitable coolant to flow through reactor core 20 in order to cool reactor core 20.
  • First, second and third primary loop coolant pipe segments 90/140/250 may be made from any suitable material, such as stainless steel. It may be appreciated that, if desired, first, second and third primary loop coolant pipe segments 90/140/250 may be made not only from ferrous alloys, but also from non-ferrous alloys, zirconium-based alloys or other suitable structural materials or composites.
  • Third primary loop coolant pipe segment 2S0 opens onto a downcomer region 260 defined by a longitudinally extending annular panel 270 disposed between vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 and an interior wall of reactor pressure vessel 70.
  • Downcomer region 260 is shaped to guide coolant down the downcomer region 260 and into bore 50, so that the coolant can be directed to vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30.
  • pressurized water reactor 10 comprises or includes vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30, which are described in detail hereinbelow.
  • Boiling water reactor 280 comprises a nuclear reactor core, generally referred to as 290, for generating heat due to nuclear fission.
  • reactor core 290 Housed in reactor core 290 are a plurality of the previously mentioned vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 (only three of which are shown), which are described in detail hereinbelow.
  • Vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 are allowed to heat the coolant in reactor core 290, such that steam 295 is produced in reactor core 290.
  • a plurality of the previously mentioned longitudinally extending and longitudinally movable control rods 35 are associated with respective ones of the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 for controlling the fission chain reaction occurring within vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30.
  • the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 rest on lower core support plate 40 for supporting vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 thereon.
  • Lower core support plate 40 defines bore SO therethrough that is in communication with vented nuclear fission uel modules 30 for providing coolant to vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30, such as along fluid flow lines 300.
  • Reactor core 290 is disposed within reactor pressure vessel 70 for preventing leakage of radioactive materials, including fission product gasses, solids or liquids from reactor core 290 to the surrounding biosphere.
  • Pressure vessel 70 may be steel, concrete or other material of suitable size and thickness to reduce risk of such radiation leakage and to support required pressure loads, as in the case of the previously mention pressurized water reactor 10.
  • containment vessel 80 sealingly surrounding parts of reactor 280 for added assurance that leakage of radioactive materials, including fission product gasses, solids or liquids from reactor core 290 to the surrounding biosphere is prevented.
  • a single coolant loop comprises a steam line 310 that is coupled to reactor core 290 for reasons disclosed momentarily.
  • Rotatable turbine 180 is coupled to steam line 310, such that turbine 180 rotates as steam 160 passes therethrough.
  • Electrical generator 190 which is coupled to turbine 180, such as by rotatable turbine shaft 200, generates electricity as turbine 180 rotates.
  • condenser 210 is coupled to steam line 310 and receives the steam passing through turbine 180. Condenser 210 condenses the steam to liquid water and passes any waste heat via recirculation fluid path 212 and electro-mechanical first pump 214 to a heat sink, such as cooling tower 220, which is associated with condenser 210.
  • the liquid water condensed by condenser 210 is pumped along a coolant pipe 320 from condenser 210 to reactor pressure vessel 70 by means of an electro-mechanical pump 330 interposed between condenser 210 and reactor pressure vessel 70.
  • steam line 310, turbine 180, shaft 200, generator 190, condenser 210, cooling tower 220, coolant pipe 320 and pump 330 define a coolant loop for circulating coolant through reactor core 290.
  • steam line 310 and coolant pipe 320 may be made from ferrous alloys (e.g., stainless steel), non-ferrous alloys, zirconium-based alloys or other suitable structural materials or composites.
  • boiling water reactor 280 comprises or includes vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30, which are described in detail hereinbelow.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown another alternative embodiment nuclear fission reactor and system, which is an advanced gas-cooled reactor (AGR) generally referred to as 340, that is configured to remove fission product gases.
  • Advanced gas- cooled reactor 340 comprises a nuclear reactor core, generally referred to as 350, for generating heat due to nuclear fission.
  • reactor core 350 Housed in reactor core 350 are a plurality of the previously mentioned vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 (only two of which are shown), which are described in detail hereinbelow.
  • the coolant used to cool nuclear fission fuel modules 30 may be carbon dioxide (C(1 ⁇ 4), which is circulated through reactor core 350 in a manner described hereinbelow.
  • Neutrons produced by the fission chain reaction occurring in reactor core 350 are moderated by a plurality of vertically oriented graphite blocks 360 (only four of which are shown) disposed adjacent to respective ones of vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30.
  • a plurality of the previously mentioned longitudinally extending and longitudinally movable control rods 35 are associated with respective ones of the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 for controlling the fission chain reaction occurring within vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30.
  • the plurality of vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 rest on lower core support plate 40 for supporting vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 thereon.
  • Lower core support plate 40 defines bore 50 therethrough that is in communication with vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 for providing coolant to vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30, such as along fluid flow lines 370.
  • Reactor core 350 is disposed within reactor pressure vessel 70 for preventing leakage of radioactive materials, including fission product gasses, solids or liquids from reactor core 350 to the surrounding biosphere.
  • pressure vessel 70 may be steel, concrete or other material of suitable size and thickness to reduce risk of such radiation leakage and to support required pressure loads, as in the case of the previously mention pressurized water reactor 10.
  • a primary coolant loop comprises a first primary loop pipe segment 380 that is coupled to reactor core 350 for reasons disclosed momentarily.
  • First primary loop pipe segment 380 extends from reactor core 350 to a heat exchanger or steam generator 390. Coolant flows through first primary loop pipe segment 380, into steam generator 390 and thereafter through a second primary loop pipe segment 400 that is coupled steam generator 390 at an end thereof and to a blower or recirculation fan 410 at another end thereof.
  • Recirculation fan 410 is in fluid (i.e., gas) communication with reactor core 350.
  • Recirculation fan 410 circulates the coolant through first primary loop pipe segment 380, through steam generator 390, through second primary loop pipe segment 400, into bore 50 that is formed in core lower support plate 40, and into vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30 and across the surfaces of graphite moderators 360, such as along fluid flow lines 370.
  • the coolant then flows to steam generator 390. In this manner, heat due to fission is transported away from reactor core 350.
  • steam generator 390 includes a secondary loop passing therethrough.
  • the secondary loop comprises at least one heat transfer tube 430 partially filled by a body of water 440 having a predetermined temperature.
  • the gas flowing across the exterior surface of heat transfer tube 430 will transfer its heat to body of water 440, which is at a lower temperature than the gas flowing across heat transfer tube 430.
  • Steam 450 will then travel through a steam line 460 due to pumping action of an electro-mechanical pump 470 coupled to steam line 460.
  • the previously mentioned rotatable turbine 180 is coupled to steam line 460, such that turbine 180 rotates as steam 450 passes therethrough.
  • Previously mentioned electrical generator 190 which is coupled to turbine 180, such as by rotatable turbine shaft 200, generates electricity as turbine 180 rotates.
  • condenser 210 is coupled to steam line 460 and receives the steam passing through turbine 180. Condenser 210 condenses the steam to liquid water and passes any waste heat via recirculation fluid path 212 and electro-mechanical first pump 214 to a heat sink, such as cooling tower 220, which is associated with condenser 210.
  • the liquid water condensed by condenser 210 is pumped along steam line 460 from condenser 210 to body of water 440 by means of electro-mechanical pump 470 that is interposed between condenser 210 and steam generator 390.
  • steam generator 390, steam line 460, turbine 180, shaft 200, generator 190, condenser 210, cooling tower 220 and pump 470 define a secondary coolant loop that is separate from the primary coolant loop.
  • the primary coolant loop and the secondary coolant loop cooperate to carry heat away from nuclear fission fuel modules 30.
  • advanced gas-cooled reactor 340 comprises or includes vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30, which are described in detail hereinbelow.
  • reactor 480 may be a traveling wave fast neutron nuclear fission reactor (TWR).
  • traveling wave nuclear fission reactor 480 comprises a nuclear fission reactor core, generally referred to as 490, that includes vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30.
  • Nuclear fission reactor core 490 is housed within a reactor core enclosure 495 which acts to maintain vertical coolant flow through the core.
  • Enclosure 495 may also function as a radiation shield to protect in-pool components such as heat exchangers from neutron bombardment.
  • Previously mentioned control rods 35 longitudinally extend into nuclear fission reactor core 490 for controlling the fission process occurring therein.
  • nuclear fission reactor core 490 is disposed within previously mentioned reactor pressure vessel 70.
  • pressure vessel 70 is substantially (e.g., about 90%) filled with a pool of coolant 500, such as liquid sodium, to an extent that nuclear fission reactor core 490 is submerged in the pool of coolant.
  • containment vessel 80 sealingly surrounds parts of traveling wave nuclear fission reactor 480 for reasons previously mentioned.
  • a primary loop coolant pipe 510 is coupled to nuclear fission reactor core 490 for allowing a suitable coolant to flow through nuclear fission reactor core 490 along a coolant flow stream or flow path 515 in order to cool nuclear fission reactor core 490.
  • Primary loop coolant pipe 510 may be made from stainless steel or from non-ferrous alloys, zirconium-based alloys or other suitable structural materials or composites.
  • the coolant carried by primary loop coolant pipe 510 may be a liquid metal selected from the group consisting essentially of sodium, potassium, lithium, lead and mixtures thereof.
  • the coolant may be a metal alloy, such as lead-bismuth (Pb-Bi).
  • the coolant is a liquid sodium (Na) metal or sodium metal mixture, such as sodium-potassium (Na-K).
  • the heat-bearing coolant generated by nuclear fission reactor core 490 flows along flow path 515 to an intermediate heat exchanger S20 that is also submerged in coolant pool S00.
  • Intermediate heat exchanger 520 may be made from any convenient material resistant to the heat and corrosive effects of the sodium coolant in coolant pool 500, such as stainless steel.
  • the coolant flowing along coolant flow path 515 flows through intermediate heat exchanger 520 and continues through primary loop coolant pipe 510.
  • a pump 530 which may be an electro-mechanical pump, is coupled to primary loop pipe 510, and is in fluid communication with the reactor coolant carried by primary loop coolant pipe 510, for pumping the reactor coolant through primary loop pipe 510, through reactor core 490, along coolant flow path 515 and into intermediate heat exchanger 520.
  • Secondary loop pipe 540 is provided for removing heat from intermediate heat exchanger 520.
  • Secondary loop pipe 540 comprises a secondary "hot" leg pipe segment 550 and a secondary “cold” leg pipe segment 560.
  • Secondary hot leg pipe segment 550 and secondary cold leg pipe segment 560 are integrally connected to intermediate heat exchanger 520.
  • Secondary loop pipe 540 which includes hot leg pipe segment 550 and cold leg pipe segment 560, contains a fluid, such as any one of the coolant choices previously mentioned.
  • Secondary hot leg pipe segment 550 extends from intermediate heat exchanger 520 to a steam generator and superheater combination 570 (hereinafter referred to as "steam generator 570”), for reasons described momentarily.
  • steam generator 570 steam generator and superheater combination
  • the coolant flowing through secondary loop pipe 540 and exiting steam generator 570 is at a lower temperature and enthalpy than before entering steam generator 570 due to the heat transfer occurring within steam generator 570.
  • the coolant is pumped, such as by means of another pump 580, which may be an electro-mechanical pump, along "cold" leg pipe segment 560, which extends into intermediate heat exchanger 520 for providing the previously mentioned heat transfer.
  • another pump 580 which may be an electro-mechanical pump
  • disposed in steam generator 570 is a body of water 590 having a predetermined temperature.
  • the fluid flowing through secondary hot leg pipe segment 550 will transfer its heat by means of conduction and convection to body of water 590, which is at a lower temperature than the fluid flowing through secondary hot leg pipe segment 550.
  • Steam 600 will then travel through a steam line 610, which steam line 610 has one end thereof in vapor communication with steam 600 and another end thereof in liquid communication with body of water 590.
  • Previously mentioned rotatable turbine 180 is coupled to steam line 610, such that turbine 180 rotates as steam 600 passes therethrough.
  • Electrical generator 190 which is coupled to turbine 180 by rotatable turbine shaft 200, generates electricity as turbine 180 rotates.
  • condenser 210 is coupled to steam line 610 and receives the steam passing through turbine 180. Condenser 210 condenses the steam to liquid water and passes any waste heat via recirculation fluid path 212 and electro-mechanical pump 214 to heat sink or cooling tower 220, which is associated with condenser 210.
  • the liquid water condensed by condenser 210 is pumped along steam line 610 from condenser 210 to steam generator 570 by means of yet another pump 620, which may be an electro-mechanical pump, interposed between condenser 290 and steam generator 570.
  • reactor cores 20/290/350/490 may obtain various configurations to accommodate vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30.
  • any of nuclear fission reactor cores 20/290/350/490 may be generally cylindrically shaped to obtain a generally circular transverse cross section 630.
  • any of nuclear fission reactor cores 20/290/350/490 may be generally hexagonally shaped to obtain a generally hexagonal transverse cross section 640.
  • any of nuclear fission reactor cores 20/290/350/490 may be generally parallepiped shaped to obtain a generally rectangular transverse cross section 650.
  • the generally rectangular transverse cross section 650 has a first end 660 and a second end 670 that is opposite first end 660, for reasons provided hereinbelow.
  • the nuclear fission reactor core may be operated as a traveling wave nuclear fission reactor core, if desired.
  • a nuclear fission igniter 680 which includes an isotopic enrichment of nuclear fissionable material, such as, without limitation, U- 233, U-235 or Pu-239, is suitably located in nuclear fission reactor core 490.
  • igniter 680 may be located near first end 660 that is opposite second end 670 of nuclear fission reactor core 490. Neutrons are released by igniter 680.
  • igniter 680 The neutrons that are released by igniter 680 are captured by fissile and/or fertile material within nuclear fission fuel module 30 to initiate the previously mentioned nuclear fission chain reaction. Igniter 680 may be removed once the fission chain reaction becomes self-sustaining, if desired.
  • igniter 680 initiates a three-dimensional, traveling deflagration wave or "burn wave” 690.
  • bum wave 690 travels outwardly from igniter 680 that is near first end 660 and toward second end 670 of reactor core 490, so as to form the traveling or propagating bum wave 690.
  • Speed of the traveling bum wave 690 may be constant or non-constant.
  • the speed at which bum wave 690 propagates can be controlled. For example, longitudinal movement of the previously mentioned control rods 35 in a predetermined or programmed manner can drive down or lower neutronic reactivity of vented nuclear fission fuel modules 30.
  • Fast neutron breeder reactor core 710 is substantially similar to fast neutron reactor core 490, except that breeder fuel modules 720 may be arranged as a "breeding blanket" around the interior periphery or throughout the interior of nuclear fission breeder reactor core 710 for breeding nuclear fuel, as well known in the art of fast neutron breeder reactor design.
  • breeder fuel modules 720 house fertile nuclear fuel that will transmute to fissile nuclear fuel.
  • breeder fission fuel modules 720 and nuclear fission fuel modules 30 may comprise a predetermined mixture of fertile and fissile nuclides.
  • vented nuclear fission fuel module 30 comprises an upright canister 730 for housing or surrounding a plurality of bundled- together cylindrical fuel pins or fuel elements 740 that are activated by a neutron source. It should be appreciated that nuclear fission fuel module 30 may also comprise a single fuel element 740.
  • Canister 730 comprises a canister shell 735 that may be generally cylindrical having a circular transverse cross section, generally referred to as 742. Alternatively, canister shell 735 may have a parallepiped shape, such as a rectangle or square shape, generally referred to as 744. As another alternative, canister shell 735 may have a generally hexagonal shape having a hexagonal transverse cross section, generally referred to as 746.
  • canister 730 including canister shell 735, may obtain any suitable shape required by an operator of nuclear fission reactors 10, 280, 340 or 480.
  • canister shell 735 may be used to provide structural support to the fuel elements therein or may act to direct a flow of coolant.
  • the coolant may be directed through openings in the canister shell, 735.
  • each fuel element 740 comprises a plurality of nuclear fuel pellets 750 stacked end-to-end therein, which nuclear fuel pellets 750 are housed in a cylindrical fuel rod cladding tube 760.
  • Nuclear fuel pellets 750 are neutronically activated during the nuclear fission process, such as by an initial source of neutrons.
  • Fuel rod cladding tube 760 has an open end 762 and a closed end 764.
  • diameters of cladding 762 and fuel pellets 750 are sized such that a gap 770 is defined therebetween for escape of gaseous fission products from nuclear fuel pellets 750, which gaseous fission products travel into and upwardly through gap 770.
  • Nuclear fuel pellets 750 comprise the afore-mentioned fissile nuclide, such as uranium-235, uranium-233 or plutonium-239.
  • nuclear fuel pellets 750 may comprise a fertile nuclide, such as thorium-232 and or uranium-238, which may be transmuted via neutron capture during the fission process into the fissile nuclides mentioned immediately hereinabove.
  • Such fertile nuclide material may be housed in breeder rods (not shown) disposed in the previously mentioned breeder fuel modules 720.
  • Nuclear fuel pellets 750 comprising fissile and/or fertile nuclear fuel will generate the fission products mentioned hereinabove.
  • nuclear fuel pellets 750 may be made from an oxide selected from the group consisting essentially of uranium monoxide (UO), uranium dioxide (UO2), thorium dioxide ( Ch) (also referred to as thorium oxide), uranium trioxide (UO3), uranium oxide-plutonium oxide (UO-PuO), tri uranium octoxide (U 3 O 8 ) and mixtures thereof.
  • nuclear fuel pellets 750 may substantially comprise uranium either .alloyed or unalloyed with other metals, such as, but not limited to, zirconium or thorium metal.
  • nuclear fuel pellets 750 may substantially comprise a carbide of uranium (UQ,) or a carbide of thorium (ThC x ).
  • nuclear fuel pellets 750 may be made from a carbide selected from the group consisting essentially of uranium monocarbide (UC), uranium dicarbide (UC2), uranium sesquicarbide (U 2 C3), thorium dicarbide (ThC 2 ), thorium carbide (ThC) and mixtures thereof.
  • UC uranium monocarbide
  • UC2 uranium dicarbide
  • ThC 2 uranium sesquicarbide
  • ThC thorium carbide
  • nuclear fuel pellets 750 may be made from a nitride selected from the group consisting essentially of uranium nitride (U3N2), uranium nitride-zirconium nitride (Usl ⁇ ZrsN , uranium-plutonium nitride ((U-Pu)N), thorium nitride (ThN), uranium-zirconium alloys (U K Zr y ), and mixtures thereof.
  • uranium nitride U3N2
  • uranium nitride-zirconium nitride Usl ⁇ ZrsN
  • uranium-plutonium nitride (U-Pu)N
  • ThN thorium nitride
  • U K Zr y uranium-zirconium alloys
  • Fuel rod cladding material 760 which longitudinally surrounds the stack of nuclear fuel pellets 750, may be a suitable zirconium alloy, such as ZIRCOLOYTM (trademark of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.), which has known resistance to corrosion and cracking.
  • Cladding tube 760 may be made from other materials, as well, such as ferritic martensitic steels.
  • a tube sheet 780 Disposed within canister 730 and connected thereto, such as by welding or press-fit, is a tube sheet 780 oriented transversely with respect to a longitudinal axis of canister 730.
  • Tube sheet 780 having a plurality of vertically oriented bores 790 for receiving respective ones of the plurality of cladding rubes 760 extending therethrough. It may be appreciated that, as cladding tubes 760 that belong to fuel elements 740 extend through bores 790, fuel elements 740 may be affixed to tube sheet 780 thereat, such as by a press-fit or welding.
  • the coolant will not contact that portion of fuel elements 740 residing in bores 790.
  • that portion of fuel elements 740 residing in bores 790 may tend to experience a higher than desired temperature due to presence of tube sheet 780 surrounding the portion of fuel elements 740 residing in bores 790. That is, the coolant is blocked or prevented from reaching that portion of fuel elements 740 residing in bores 790 due to presence of tube sheet 780. Blocking or preventing coolant from reaching that portion of fuel elements 740 residing in bores 790 creates higher temperatures at that region of cladding 760. Such high temperatures may, in rum, compromise the structural integrity of cladding 760.
  • tube sheet 780 may be made from a silicon-carbon (SiC), alumina (AhOj) or aluminum nitride (A1N) ceramic or ceramic composite material, if desired. Such a material is known to resist high temperatures, fracture and corrosion, and has low neutron absorption and superior heat dissipation capability.
  • tube sheet 780 may be stainless steel or ZIRCALOYTM.
  • fuel elements 740 may be formed so as to contain void or non- fissionable material in the vicinity of tube sheet 780 so as not to generate heat during reactor operation. Fuel elements may be supported such that expansion of the elements in the axial direction due to thermal expansion or radiation induced expansion is permitted.
  • Tube sheet 780 has a generally arcuate-shaped surface 800 extending around an underside of tube sheet 780, for reasons presented hereinbelow.
  • open ends 762 of fuel elements 740 suitably extend above tube sheet 780 for reasons provided hereinbelow.
  • canister 730 defines a plenum volume 810 above tube sheet 780, for reasons provided presently.
  • Plenum volume 810 includes a lower plenum portion 812.
  • Canister 730 further comprises a valve body 820 associated with fuel elements 740.
  • Valve body 820 comprises a riser portion 830 integrally connected to canister shell 735, the riser portion 830 defining an upper plenum portion 835 that is in intimate communication with lower plenum portion 812.
  • Riser portion 830 has external threads surrounding an exterior surface thereof for reasons provided hereinbelow. Open ends 762 of fuel elements 740 are exposed to plenum volume 810 such that gaseous fission products rising through gap 770 of fuel element 740 are received in plenum volume 810 and collected therein.
  • a flexible or resilient disk- shaped diaphragm 840 is interposed between lower plenum portion 812 and upper plenum portion 835.
  • Diaphragm 840 defines a plurality of apertures 850 therethrough for allowing the gaseous fission products to travel from lower plenum portion 812 to upper plenum portion 835.
  • Diaphragm 840 may be made from any suitable resilient material resistant to heat, corrosion and radiation effects.
  • diaphragm 840 may be made from a NEOPRENE ® (i.e., chloroprene rubber) material, which is a registered trademark of DupontDow, Incorporated, located in Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A. Diaphragm 840 may also be made from a butyl rubber material. As another example, diaphragm 840 may be made from "spring steel", which is a carbon steel alloy having high yield strength. Spring steel returns to its original shape after bending.
  • Valve body 820 also defines a vent opening 860 in communication with upper plenum portion 835 for allowing the fission product gas to exit or vent from vented nuclear fission module 30 along gas flow path 865 and into the surrounding coolant (see Fig. 19).
  • a ball 870 is disposed in upper plenum portion 835 and rests on resilient diaphragm 840.
  • Ball 870 is aligned with vent opening 860 and resides between vent opening 860 and resilient diaphragm 840. In this manner, ball 870 is in operative condition to block, obstruct and otherwise close-off vent opening 860 when gaseous fission products are not being vented from vented nuclear fission fuel module 30.
  • Ball 870 may be made from any suitable material resistant to heat and corrosion, such as stainless steel or ZIRCALOYTM.
  • Mounted on riser portion 830 is a cap 880 having internal threads for threadably engaging the external threads surrounding riser portion 830.
  • Cap 880 protects riser portion 830 during handling of vented nuclear fission fuel module 30 and also precludes inadvertent venting of gaseous fission products should ball 870 not perfectly block vent opening 860 due to manufacturing imperfections. Moreover, this ball valve may be operable to controUably vent the gaseous fission product according to a predetermined periodic release rate for minimizing size of an associated gaseous fission product clean-up system.
  • canister shell 735 has a plurality of flow openings 890 defined by a bottom portion thereof for allowing coolant that flows along flow paths 60, 300, 370 or 515 to enter canister shell 735.
  • the coolant entering canister shell 735 will flow upwardly therein and contact arcuate-shaped surface 800.
  • the contour of arcuate-shaped surface 800 guides the coolant out a plurality of flow ports 900 defined by a side portion of canister shell 735, in order to flow along coolant flow path 905.
  • manipulator 910 comprises a remotely operable articulated manipulator arm 920.
  • Manipulator arm 920 comprises a first component 930 rotatable about first axis 935 in the direction of double-headed arrow 937!
  • Manipulator arm 920 further comprises a second component 940 rotatable about a second axis 945 in the direction of double-headed arrow 947.
  • manipulator arm 920 comprises a third component 950 rotatable about a third axis 955 in the direction of double-headed arrow 957. Further, manipulator arm 920 comprises a fourth component 960 rotatable about a fourth axis 965 in the direction of double headed arrow 967. Moreover, manipulator arm 920 further comprises a fifth component 970 rotatable about a fifth axis 975 in the direction of double-headed arrows 977. A handler or gripper 980 is rotatably coupled to fifth component 970, so as to be rotatable about a sixth axis 985, in the direction of double-headed arrows 987.
  • Gripper 980 is capable of opening and closing in order to grip and unthread cap 880 from riser portion 830 of canister shell 735 and rethread cap 880 onto riser portion 830 of canister shell 735.
  • a plurality of servo-motors 990 a/b/c d are electrically or pneumatically coupled to respective ones of components 930/940/950/960/970 and gripper 980 for operating components 930/940/950/960/970 and gripper 980.
  • Components 930/940/950/960/970 and gripper 980 are selectively operable, such as by means of a controller 1000 electrically or pneumatically coupled to servo-motors 990a/b/c/d.
  • Manipulator arm 920 may be a robotic device, such as may be available from ABB Automation Technologies AB— Robotics, located in Vasterds, Sweden. Controller 1000 and associated software may be of a type that may be available from ABB Automation Technologies AB - Robotics.
  • gripper 980 is capable of holding a plunger or spike 1010 that is used to depress or downwardly translate ball 870 by contact therewith.
  • Ball 870 is allowed to downwardly translate by elastic deflection of resilient diaphragm 840 which supports ball 870.
  • Passageway 860 will then become unobstructed to allow the gaseous fission products to escape through passageway 860, such as along flow lines represented by arrow 865. As passageway 860 becomes unobstructed, the gaseous fission product will escape nuclear fission fuel module 30 and flow into the surrounding coolant.
  • manipulator arm 920 cooperates with ball 870 and resilient diaphragm 840 to controllably vent the gaseous fission product from nuclear fission fuel module 30.
  • a sensor or detector 1020 may be disposed in upper plenum portion 835 for detecting presence of gaseous fission products therein.
  • Detector 1020 may be a commercially available pressure detector capable of detecting pressure of any gaseous fission product in upper plenum portion 835, such as a N-El l l or N-E13 pressure transmitter that may be available from Ultra Electronics, Nuclear Sensors and Process Instrumentation, Incorporated located in Round Rock, Texas, U.S.A. Detecting fission gas pressure in upper plenum portion 835 will confirm that a sufficient amount of fission gas is present in upper plenum portion 835, such that the fission gas should be out-gassed or relieved.
  • detector 1020 may be a commercially available radionuclide detector capable of detecting presence of a predetermined radionuclide that is characteristic of a particular gaseous fission product.
  • a detector may be a gamma radiation detector of a type that may be available from Fluke Biomedical, Incorporated, located in Everett, Washington, U.S.A.
  • a detector may be a chemical sensor of a type that may be available from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Environmental Technology Division, located in Richland, Washington, U.S.A.
  • Such a chemical sensor would sense certain types of fission products in the gaseous fission product.
  • such a detector may be a commercially available optical sensor for detecting amount and/or type of gaseous fission product by means of light wavelength associated with the amount and/or type of gaseous fission product.
  • a detector may comprise a gas optical spectrometer, which may be part of a suitable controller, such as a controller and power supply combination 1030.
  • Any of the detectors mentioned hereinabove may comprise a signal carrier, such as an electrical signal carrier (e.g., electrically conducting wire) for carrying an electrical signal from the detector to a commercially available measuring device that detects and measures the amount and/or type of gaseous fission product.
  • a commercially available measuring device may be a component of controller and power supply combination 1030.
  • the signal carrier may be an optical fiber when detector 1020 is an optical sensor or detector.
  • controller and power supply combination 1030 may be coupled to detector 1020, such as by means of a conduit 1040 (e.g., electrical or optical), for supplying power to detector 1020 and/or for receiving a gaseous fission product detection signal from detector 1020.
  • Detector 1020 may be calibrated only to transmit a detection signal when a threshold pressure or threshold quantity of gaseous fission products are present in upper plenum portion 835 because pressure and quantity of gaseous fission products may be de minimis at reactor startup as compared to middle of reactor life or end of reactor life.
  • upper plenum portion 835 of vented nuclear fission fuel module 30 may contain a mechanism that automatically raises and lowers ball 870 in response to pressure and/or type of gaseous fission products detected by detector 1020.
  • a power supply would continuously supply electrical power to the mechanism and detector 1020.
  • Controller 1030 would interpret the signal generated by detector 1020 to decide when to raise and lower ball 870. In this manner, the manipulator 910 may be eliminated.
  • a transmitter 1050 may be disposed in upper plenum portion 835 for transmitting information containing the pressure of, or merely the presence of, a gaseous fission product in upper plenum portion 835.
  • Transmitter 1050 may be calibrated such that the transmission signal also identifies the particular canister 730 causing transmitter 1050 to transmit its signal.
  • a radio frequency receiver 1060 is provided for receiving the transmission signal and for logging information about which canister 730 is transmitting the signal, so that the particular canister 730 is selectively degassed by manipulator 910.
  • Transmitter 1050 is configured to transmit a signal from sensor or detector 1020.
  • Transmitter 1050 may comprise a radio frequency transmitter.
  • transmitter 1050 may be configured to transmit an identification signal identifying canister 730 and the associated valve body 820.
  • FIG. 22 there is shown yet another embodiment of vented nuclear fission fuel module 30.
  • controller 1030, conduit 1040 and detector 1020 are coupled to canister 730, as previously described.
  • a fan (not shown) or a pump 1070 has a suction side in communication with upper plenum portion 835, such as by means of a first tube 1080.
  • a discharge side of pump 1070 is in communication with a fission gas reservoir 1090, such as by means of a second tube 1100.
  • Fission gas reservoir 1090 is capable of sealably isolating the gaseous fission product therein and may remain in situ or transported off-site for waste disposal.
  • Fission gas reservoir 1090 may be coupled to or decoupled from pump 1070, such as by means of a coupler 1102. In a sense, fission gas reservoir 1090 is capable of being coupled to and decoupled from reactor vessel 70 itself because fission gas reservoir 1090 is at least initially disposed in reactor vessel 70.
  • Pump 1070 is coupled to controller 1030, such as by a wire 1 10S, so that pump 1070 is operated in response to pressure of, or mere presence of, gaseous fission products detected by detector 1020 that is disposed in upper plenum portion 835. Thus, pump 1070 may be operated periodically depending on the amount of gaseous fission products that may accumulate again in upper plenum portion 835 after periodic venting.
  • pump 1070 may be operated continuously regardless of the amount of gaseous fission products in upper plenum portion 835.
  • This alternative embodiment allows vented nuclear fission fuel module 30 to remove substantially all (i.e., about 98%) of gaseous fission products that would otherwise accumulate in the reactor coolant system. Removal of the gaseous fission products separates (i.e., "takes out") the gaseous fission products from neutronic communication with the reactor coolant system.
  • FIG. 23 there is shown another embodiment vented nuclear fission fuel module 30.
  • This embodiment is substantially similar to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 22, except that a fission product filter 11 10 is provided in reservoir 1090 to segregate and/or capture fission product solids and liquids from the gaseous fission products.
  • fission product filter 1 1 10 separates a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product.
  • fission product filter 1110 may be made from suitable activated alumina, activated carbon or zeolite (i.e., aluminosilicate).
  • fission product filter 1110 may be a filter meeting the standards of the Health and Environmental Protection Act (HEPA) of the U.S.A. or a "cold trap".
  • HEPA Health and Environmental Protection Act
  • the HEPA filter may comprise shredded filler material of glass fiber/acrylic binder, plastics/rubber and aluminum.
  • fission product filter 1110 may be a permeable or semi-permeable membrane.
  • such a permeable or semi-permeable membrane may be made of any suitable material known in the art, have a thickness of between approximately 5 to approximately 10 millimeters and may have a pore size of between approximately 100 to approximately 1,000 angstroms.
  • fission product filter 1110 may comprise any suitable commercially available electrostatic collector.
  • fission product filter 1110 may be a "cold trap".
  • a cold trap produces nucleation sites for gathering and retaining impurities from a fluid in order to clean the fluid.
  • the fluid to be cleaned is fed into a tank (e.g., reservoir 1090) where the temperature of the fluid is reduced. As the temperature decreases, impurities in solution reach saturation. Further cooling produces supersaturation. This causes impurities to nucleate and precipitate at nucleation sites in the cold trap. The purified fluid is caused to then leave the tank.
  • nucleation and precipitation can be enhanced by presence of a wire mesh, if desired.
  • fission product filter 1110 may be removable from reservoir 1090 for off-site disposal of the fission products separated and captured thereby.
  • An exit conduit 11 12 having a backflow prevention valve 1114 therein may be provided for exit of gas that is free of fission products. Backflow prevention valve 1114 prevents either backflow of the fission product-free gas or backflow of coolant into reservoir 1090.
  • FIG. 24 there is shown another embodiment vented nuclear fission fuel module 30.
  • This embodiment is substantially similar to the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 22, except that a suction device 1120 that is carried by articulated manipulator arm 920 is mounted on valve body 820 so as to sealingly cover vent opening 860.
  • Ball 870 is depressed by spike 1010 in the manner previously mentioned to release the fission product gas.
  • Pump 1070 is operated to draw the fission product gas from suction device 1120, along a tube 1130 and into reservoir 1090.
  • illustrative methods are provided for operating a nuclear fission reactor.
  • an illustrative method 1 140 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1 150.
  • the method comprises generating a fission product by activating a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the fission product is controllably vented by operating venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the method stops at a block 1180.
  • an illustrative method 1190 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1200.
  • the method comprises generating a gaseous fission product by activating a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reactor vessel coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element.
  • venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element is operated for controllably venting the gaseous fission product into the reactor vessel. The method stops at a block 1240.
  • an illustrative method 1250 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1260.
  • the method comprises generating a gaseous fission product by activating a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reactor vessel coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element.
  • venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element is operated for controllably venting the gaseous fission product into the reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product vented into the reactor vessel is collected by operating a gaseous fission product collecting means coupled to the venting means. The method stops at a block 1310.
  • an illustrative method 1320 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1330.
  • the method comprises generating a gaseous fission product by activating a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reactor vessel coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element.
  • venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element is operated for controUably venting the gaseous fission product into the reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product vented into the reactor vessel is collected by operating a gaseous fission product collecting means coupled to the venting means.
  • the gaseous fission product vented into the reactor vessel is collected by operating a gaseous fission product collecting means capable of being coupled to the reactor vessel and thereafter capable of being decoupled from the reactor vessel for removing the gaseous fission product from the reactor vessel.
  • the method stops at a block 1390.
  • an illustrative method 1400 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1402.
  • the method comprises generating a gaseous fission product by activating a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reactor vessel coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element.
  • venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element is operated for controUably venting the gaseous fission product into the reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product vented into the reactor vessel is collected by operating a gaseous fission product collecting means coupled to the venting means.
  • the gaseous fission product vented into the reactor vessel is collected by operating a gaseous fission product collecting means capable of being coupled to the reactor vessel and thereafter capable of remaining coupled to the reactor vessel for storing the gaseous fission product at the reactor vessel.
  • the method stops at a block 1414.
  • an illustrative method 141 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1418.
  • the method comprises generating a gaseous fission product by activating a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reactor vessel coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element.
  • venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element is operated for controllably venting the gaseous fission product into the reactor vessel.
  • a coolant system in operative communication with the venting means is provided for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the venting means. The method stops at a block 1440.
  • an illustrative method 1450 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1460.
  • the method comprises generating a gaseous fission product by activating a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reactor vessel coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element.
  • venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element is operated for controllably venting the gaseous fission product into the reactor vessel.
  • a coolant system in operative communication with the venting means is provided for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the venting means.
  • a removal system in operative communication with the coolant system is provided for removing the gaseous fission product from the coolant system. The method stops at a block 1560.
  • an illustrative method 1570 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1580.
  • the method comprises generating a gaseous fission product by activating a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reactor vessel coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element.
  • venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element is operated for controllably venting the gaseous fission product into the reactor vessel.
  • reclosable venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element is operated. The method stops at a block 1630.
  • an illustrative method 1640 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1650.
  • the method comprises generating a gaseous fission product by activating a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reactor vessel coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element.
  • venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element is operated for controllably venting the gaseous fission product into the reactor vessel.
  • sealably reclosable venting means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element is operated. The method stops at a block 1700.
  • an illustrative method 1710 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1720.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the method stops at a block 1750.
  • an illustrative method 1760 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1770.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the nuclear fission fuel element is activated to generate the gaseous fission product. The method stops at a block 1810.
  • an illustrative method 1820 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1830.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a valve is operated. The method stops at a block 1870.
  • an illustrative method 1880 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1890.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a valve is operated.
  • movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve is allowed. The method stops at a block 1940.
  • an illustrative method 1950 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 1960.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a valve is operated.
  • a cap is mounted on the valve.
  • a manipulator is extended to the cap for manipulating the cap. The method stops at a block 2020.
  • an illustrative method 2030 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2040.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a valve is operated.
  • a manipulator is extended to the valve for manipulating the valve. The method stops at a block 2090.
  • an illustrative method 2100 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 21 10.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • an articulated manipulator arm is extended to the plenum.
  • a receptacle is carried on the articulated manipulator arm, the receptacle being engageable with the plenum for receiving the gaseous fission product controllably vented from the plenum.
  • the method stops at a block 2160.
  • an illustrative method 2170 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2180.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • an articulated manipulator arm is extended to the plenum.
  • a receptacle is carried on the articulated manipulator arm, the receptacle being engageable with the plenum for receiving the gaseous fission product controllably vented from the plenum.
  • a suction device is carried on the articulated manipulator arm. The method stops at a block 2240.
  • an illustrative method 22S0 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2260.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is controUably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve responsive to a pressure in the plenum. The method stops at a block 2300.
  • an illustrative method 2310 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2320.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve responsive to a type of gaseous fission product in the plenum. The method stops at a block 2360.
  • an illustrative method 2370 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2380.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum. The method stops at a block 2420.
  • an illustrative method 2430 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2440.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed for sensing pressure in the plenum. The method stops at a block 2490.
  • an illustrative method 2500 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2510.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed for sensing a type of gaseous fission product in the plenum. The method stops at a block 2560.
  • an illustrative method 2570 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2S80.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed in the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed for sensing a radioactive fission product in the plenum. The method stops at a block 2630.
  • an illustrative method 2640 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2650.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed in the plenum.
  • a radiation sensor is disposed. The method stops at a block 2700.
  • an illustrative method 2710 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2720.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed in the plenum.
  • a chemical sensor is disposed. The method stops at a block 2770.
  • an illustrative method 2780 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2790.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed in the plenum.
  • an optical sensor is disposed. The method stops at a block 2840.
  • an illustrative method 2850 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2860.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed. The method stops at a block 2910.
  • an illustrative method 2920 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 2930.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • a radio frequency transmitter is disposed. The method stops at a block 2980.
  • an illustrative method 2990 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3000.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • a transmitter is disposed that is configured to transmit a signal from the sensor. The method stops at a block 3050.
  • an illustrative method 3060 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3070.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • a transmitter is disposed for transmitting an identification signal identifying the valve body. The method stops at a block 3120.
  • an illustrative method 3130 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3140.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • an electrical signal carrier is disposed. The method stops at a block 3190.
  • an illustrative method 3191 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3192.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • an optical fiber is disposed. The method stops at a block 3198.
  • an illustrative method 3200 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3210.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a valve is operated.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body and the valve. The method stops at a block 3260.
  • an illustrative method 3270 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3280.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a valve is operated.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body and the valve.
  • the vented nuclear fission fuel module is disposed in a thermal neutron reactor core. The method stops at a block 3340.
  • an illustrative method 3350 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3360.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a valve is operated.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body and the valve.
  • the vented nuclear fission fuel module is disposed in a fast neutron reactor core. The method stops at a block 3410.
  • an illustrative method 3420 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3421.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a valve is operated.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body and the valve.
  • the vented nuclear fission fuel module is disposed in a fast neutron breeder reactor core. The method stops at a block 3427.
  • an illustrative method 3430 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3431.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a valve is operated.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body and the valve.
  • the vented nuclear fission fuel module is disposed in a traveling wave fast neutron reactor core. The method stops at a block 3437.
  • an illustrative method 3460 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3470.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a canister surrounding the fuel element is provided. The method stops at a block 3510.
  • an illustrative method 3520 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3530.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a canister surrounding the fuel element is provided.
  • a canister having a bottom portion defining a first opening is provided.
  • a canister having a side portion defining a second opening is provided. The method stops at a block 3590.
  • an illustrative method 3600 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3610.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a canister surrounding the fuel element is provided.
  • a canister having a bottom portion defining a first opening is provided.
  • a canister having a side portion defining a second opening is provided.
  • a canister is provided including a tube sheet therein having a contour shaped for guiding a coolant along a coolant flow path extending from the first opening and through the second opening. The method stops at a block 3680.
  • an illustrative method 3690 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3700.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a canister surrounding the fuel element is provided.
  • a canister having a bottom portion defining a first opening is provided.
  • a canister having a side portion defining a second opening is provided.
  • a canister is provided including a ceramic tube sheet therein for dissipating heat and having a contour shaped for guiding a coolant along a coolant flow path extending from the first opening and through the second opening. The method stops at a block 3770.
  • an illustrative method 3780 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3790.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the venting means. The method stops at a block 3830.
  • an illustrative method 3840 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3850.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the venting means.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a filter. The method stops at a block 3900.
  • an illustrative method 3910 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 3920.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the venting means.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a filter.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a HEPA filter. The method stops at a block 3980.
  • an illustrative method 3990 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4000.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the venting means.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a filter.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a semi-permeable membrane. The method stops at a block 4060.
  • an illustrative method 4070 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4080.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the venting means.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a filter.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through an electrostatic collector. The method stops at a block 4140.
  • an illustrative method 4 ISO of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4160.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the venting means.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a filter.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a cold trap. The method stops at a block 4220.
  • an illustrative method 4230 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4240.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the valve.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir capable of being decoupled from the reactor vessel for removing the gaseous fission product from the reactor vessel.
  • the method stops at a block 4290.
  • an illustrative method 4300 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4310.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the reactor vessel, the gaseous fission product being vented by the reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir capable of remaining coupled to the valve for storing the gaseous fission product at the reactor vessel.
  • the method stops at a block 4360.
  • an illustrative method 4370 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4380.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a coolant system is provided in operative communication with the venting means for receiving the gaseous fission product controllably vented by the venting means. The method stops at a block 4420.
  • an illustrative method 4430 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4440.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a coolant system is provided in operative communication with the venting means for receiving the gaseous fission product controllably vented by the venting means.
  • a removal system is provided in operative communication with the coolant system for removing the gaseous fission product from the coolant system. The method stops at a block 4490.
  • an illustrative method 4S00 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4510.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a reclosable venting means is operated. The method stops at a block 4550.
  • an illustrative method 4560 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4570.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sealably reclosable venting means is operated. The method stops at a block 4610.
  • an illustrative method 4620 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts 4630.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by a valve body associated with a nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body capable of being disposed in a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating means in communication with the plenum for venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • operation of the venting means is controlled by operating a controller coupled to the venting means. The method stops at a block 4670.
  • an illustrative method 4680 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4690.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve. The method stops at a block 4740.
  • an illustrative method 47S0 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4760.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controUably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve to a closed position.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles associated with respective ones of the plurality of valve bodies are activated, at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles being capable of generating the gaseous fission product. The method stops at a block 4820.
  • an illustrative method 4830 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4840.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • movement of a flexible diaphragm capable of displacing the valve to a closed position is allowed.
  • the method stops at a block 4910.
  • an illustrative method 4920 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 4930.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • an articulated manipulator arm is extended to the cap for threadably dismounting the cap from the valve. The method stops at a block 5000.
  • an illustrative method 5010 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 5020.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • an articulated manipulator arm is extended to the valve for operating the valve.
  • the method stops at a block 5090.
  • an illustrative method 5100 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 51 10.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • an articulated manipulator arm is extended to the plenum.
  • a receptacle is carried on the articulated manipulator arm, the receptacle being engageable with the plenum for receiving the gaseous fission product controllably vented from the plenum.
  • the method stops at a block 5190.
  • an illustrative method 5200 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 5210.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • an articulated manipulator arm is extended to the plenum.
  • a receptacle is carried on the articulated manipulator arm, the receptacle being engageable with the plenum for receiving the gaseous fission product controllably vented from the plenum.
  • a suction device is carried. The method stops at a block 5300.
  • an illustrative method 5310 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 5320.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a valve responsive to a pressure in the plenum is operated. The method stops at a block 5390.
  • an illustrative method 5400 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 5410.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a valve responsive to a type of gaseous fission product in the plenum is operated. The method stops at a block 5480.
  • an illustrative method 5490 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 5500.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum. The method stops at a block 5570.
  • an illustrative method 5580 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 5590.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed for sensing a pressure in the plenum. The method stops at a block 5670.
  • an illustrative method 5680 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 5690.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed for sensing a type of gaseous fission product in the plenum. The method stops at a block 5770.
  • an illustrative method 5780 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 5790.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed for sensing a radioactive fission product in the plenum. The method stops at a block 5870.
  • an illustrative method 5880 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 5890.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a radiation sensor is disposed. The method stops at a block 5970.
  • an illustrative method 5980 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 5990.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a chemical sensor is disposed. The method stops at a block 6070.
  • an illustrative method 6080 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 6090.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • an optical sensor is disposed. The method stops at a block 6170.
  • an illustrative method 180 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 6190.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed. The method stops at a block 6270.
  • an illustrative method 6280 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 6290.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • a radio frequency transmitter is disposed. The method stops at a block 6370.
  • an illustrative method 6380 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 6390.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • a transmitter is disposed that is configured to transmit a signal from the sensor. The method stops at a block 6470.
  • an illustrative method 6480 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 6490.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • a transmitter is disposed that is configured to transmit an identification signal identifying the valve body. The method stops at a block 6570.
  • an illustrative method 6580 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 6590.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • an electrical signal carrier is disposed. The method stops at a block 6670.
  • an illustrative method 6671 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 6672.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • an electrical signal carrier is disposed. The method stops at a block 6680.
  • an illustrative method 6681 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 6690.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body, the valve, the diaphragm and the removable cap. The method stops at a block 6760.
  • an illustrative method 6770 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 6780.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body, the valve, the diaphragm and the removable cap.
  • the vented nuclear fission fuel module is disposed in a thermal neutron reactor core. The method stops at a block 6860.
  • an illustrative method 6870 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 6880.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel' module is defined by interconnecting one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body, the valve, the diaphragm and the removable cap.
  • the vented nuclear fission fuel module is disposed in a fast neutron reactor core. The method stops at a block 7050.
  • an illustrative method 7060 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 7070.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body, the valve, the diaphragm and the removable cap.
  • the vented nuclear fission fuel module is disposed in a fast neutron breeder reactor core. The method stops at a block 71 SO.
  • an illustrative method 7160 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 7170.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body, the valve, the diaphragm and the removable cap.
  • the vented nuclear fission fuel module is disposed in a traveling wave fast neutron reactor core. The method stops at a block 7250.
  • an illustrative method 7260 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 7270.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a canister surrounding at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles is provided. The method stops at a block 7340.
  • an illustrative method 7350 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 7360.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a canister surrounding at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles is provided.
  • a canister having a bottom portion defining a flow opening is provided.
  • a canister having a side portion defining a flow port is provided. The method stops at a block 7450.
  • an illustrative method 7460 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 7470.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a canister surrounding at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles is provided.
  • a canister having a bottom portion defining a flow opening is provided.
  • a canister having a side portion defining a flow port is provided.
  • a canister is provided including a tube sheet therein having a contour on an underside surface thereof shaped for guiding a coolant along a coolant flow path extending from the flow opening and through the flow port. The method stops at a block 7570.
  • an illustrative method 7580 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 7590.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a canister surrounding at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles is provided .
  • a canister having a bottom portion defining a flow opening is provided.
  • a canister having a side portion defining a flow port is provided.
  • a canister is provided including a ceramic tube sheet therein having a contour on an underside surface thereof shaped for guiding a coolant along a coolant flow path extending from the flow opening and through the flow port. The method stops at a block 7690.
  • an illustrative method 7700 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 7710.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the valve, the gaseous fission product being vented by the valve. The method stops at a block 7780.
  • an illustrative method 7790 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 7800.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the valve, the gaseous fission product being vented by the valve.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a filter disposed in the reservoir. The method stops at a block 7880.
  • an illustrative method 7890 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 7900.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the valve, the gaseous fission product being vented by the valve.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a filter disposed in the reservoir.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a HEPA filter. The method stops at a block 7990.
  • an illustrative method 8000 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 8010.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the valve, the gaseous fission product being vented by the valve.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a filter disposed in the reservoir.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a semi-permeable membrane. The method stops at a block 8100.
  • an illustrative method 8110 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 8120.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the valve, the gaseous fission product being vented by the valve.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a filter disposed in the reservoir.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through an electrostatic collector. The method stops at a block 8210.
  • an illustrative method 8220 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 8230.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the valve, the gaseous fission product being vented by the valve.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through a filter disposed in the reservoir.
  • a condensed phase fission product is separated from the gaseous fission product by passing the gaseous fission product through cold trap. The method stops at a block 8320.
  • an illustrative method 8330 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 8340.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controUably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the valve, the gaseous fission product being vented by the valve.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir capable of being decoupled from the reactor vessel for removing the gaseous fission product from the reactor vessel. The method stops at a block 8430.
  • an illustrative method 8440 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 8450.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to the valve, the gaseous fission product being vented by the valve.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir coupled to a reactor vessel.
  • the gaseous fission product is received into a reservoir capable of remaining coupled to the reactor vessel for storing the gaseous fission product at the reactor vessel. The method stops at a block 8540.
  • an illustrative method 8550 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 8560.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a coolant system is disposed in operative communication with the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product controllably vented by the valve.
  • the method stops at a block 8630.
  • an illustrative method 8640 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 8650.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a coolant system is disposed in operative communication with the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product controllably vented by the valve.
  • a removal system is disposed in operative communication with the coolant system for removing the gaseous fission product from the coolant system. The method stops at a block 8730.
  • an illustrative method 8740 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 87S0.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a reclosable valve is operated. The method stops at a block 8820.
  • an illustrative method 8830 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 8840.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a0 cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sealably reclosable valve is operated. The method stops at a block 8910.
  • an illustrative method 8920 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 8930.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies S associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a0 cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • the valve is operated to controllably vent the gaseous fission product according to a predetermined release rate for minimizing size of an associated gaseous fission product clean-up system. The method stops at a block 9000.
  • an illustrative method 9010 of operating a nuclear fission reactor starts at a block 9020.
  • the method comprises receiving a gaseous fission product into a plenum defined by at least one of a plurality of valve bodies associated with respective ones of a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles.
  • the gaseous fission product is controllably vented from the plenum by operating a valve in the at least one of the plurality of valve bodies, the valve being in communication with the plenum.
  • the valve is displaced by allowing movement of a flexible diaphragm coupled to the valve.
  • a cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • the valve is operated by operating a controller coupled to the valve. The method stops at a block 9090.
  • illustrative methods are provided for assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module.
  • an illustrative method 9100 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9110.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a fission product.
  • means associated with the nuclear fission fuel element for controllably venting the fission product is received. The method stops at a block 9140.
  • an illustrative method 9150 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9160.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • means is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element for controUably venting the gaseous fission product into a reactor vessel.
  • means for collecting the gaseous fission product is coupled to the venting means. The method stops at a block 9200.
  • an illustrative method 9210 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9220.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • means is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element for controUably venting the gaseous fission product into a reactor vessel.
  • means for collecting the gaseous fission product is coupled to the venting means.
  • reclosable venting means is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element for controUably venting the gaseous fission product. The method stops at a block 9270.
  • an illustrative method 9280 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9290.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • means is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element for controUably venting the gaseous fission product into a reactor vessel.
  • means for collecting the gaseous fission product is coupled to the venting means.
  • sealably reclosable venting means is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element for controUably venting the gaseous fission product. The method stops at a block 9340.
  • an illustrative method 9350 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9360.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum. The method stops at a block 9400.
  • an illustrative method 9410 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9420.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for allowing movement of the valve to a closed position. The method stops at a block 9470.
  • an illustrative method 9471 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9472.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a cap is mounted on the valve.
  • a manipulator extendable to the cap for manipulating the cap is received. The method stops at a block 9478.
  • an illustrative method 9480 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9482.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a manipulator extendable to the valve for manipulating the valve is received. The method stops at a block 9520.
  • an illustrative method 9530 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9540.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • an articulated manipulator arm is extended to the plenum.
  • a receptacle is carried on the articulated manipulator arm, the receptacle being engageable with the plenum for receiving the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the method stops at a block 9600.
  • an illustrative method 9610 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9620.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • an articulated manipulator arm is extended to the plenum.
  • a receptacle is carried on the articulated manipulator arm, the receptacle being engageable with the plenum for receiving the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a suction device is carried. The method stops at a block 9690.
  • an illustrative method 9700 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9710.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a valve is disposed that is responsive to a pressure in the plenum. The method stops at a block 9760.
  • an illustrative method 9770 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9780.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a valve is disposed that is responsive to a type of gaseous fission product in the plenum. The method stops at a block 9830.
  • an illustrative method 9840 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9850.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum. The method stops at a block 9900.
  • an illustrative method 9910 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 9920.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed for sensing a pressure in the plenum. The method stops at a block 9980.
  • an illustrative method 9990 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10000.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed for sensing a type of gaseous fission product in the plenum. The method stops at a block 10060.
  • an illustrative method 10070 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10080.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed for sensing a radioactive fission product in the plenum. The method stops at a block 10140.
  • an illustrative method 101 SO of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10160.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a radiation sensor is disposed into the plenum. The method stops at a block 10220.
  • an illustrative method 10230 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10240.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a chemical sensor is disposed into the plenum. The method stops at a block 10300.
  • an illustrative method 10310 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10320.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • an optical sensor is disposed into the plenum. The method stops at a block 10380.
  • an illustrative method 10390 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10400.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed. The method stops at a block 10460.
  • an illustrative method 10470 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10480.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • a radio frequency transmitter is disposed into the plenum. The method stops at a block 10S40.
  • an illustrative method 10SS0 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10S60.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • a transmitter is disposed that is configured to transmit a signal from the sensor. The method stops at a block 10620.
  • an illustrative method 10630 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10640.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • a transmitter is disposed that is configured to transmit an identification signal identifying the valve body.
  • the method stops at a block 10700.
  • an illustrative method 10710 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10720.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • an electrical signal carrier is disposed. The method stops at a block 10780.
  • an illustrative method 10781 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10782.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • an optical fiber is disposed. The method stops at a block 10789.
  • an illustrative method 10790 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10800.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body and the valve are disposed in a thermal neutron reactor core. The method stops at a block 108S0.
  • an illustrative method 10860 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10870.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body and the valve are disposed in a fast neutron reactor core. The method stops at a block 10920.
  • an illustrative method 10930 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 10940.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body and the valve are disposed in a fast neutron breeder reactor core. The method stops at a block 10990.
  • an illustrative method 11000 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 11010.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body and the valve are disposed in a traveling wave fast neutron reactor core. The method stops at a block 11060.
  • an illustrative method 11070 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 11080.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a canister surrounding the fuel element is received. The method stops at a block 11130.
  • an illustrative method 11140 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 11 150.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a canister surrounding the fuel element is received.
  • a canister having a bottom portion defining a first opening is received.
  • a canister having a side portion defining a second opening is received. The method stops at a block 11220.
  • an illustrative method 11230 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 11240.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a canister surrounding the fuel element is received.
  • a canister having a bottom portion defining a first opening is received.
  • a canister having a side portion defining a second opening is received.
  • a canister is received having a tube sheet therein having a contour shaped for guiding a coolant along a coolant flow path extending from the first opening and through the second opening.
  • the method stops at a block 11320.
  • an illustrative method 11330 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 11340.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a canister surrounding the fuel element is received.
  • a canister having a bottom portion defining a first opening is received.
  • a canister having a side portion defining a second opening is received.
  • a canister is received having a ceramic tube sheet therein having a contour shaped for guiding a coolant along a coolant flow path extending from the first opening and through the second opening. The method stops at a block 11420.
  • an illustrative method 11430 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 1 1440.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • an illustrative method 11500 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 1 1510.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • a filter is coupled to the reservoir for separating a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product. The method stops at a block 11570.
  • an illustrative method 11580 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 11590.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • a filter is coupled to the reservoir for separating a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product
  • a HEP A filter is coupled to the reservoir for separating a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product.
  • the method stops at a block 11660.
  • an illustrative method 11670 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 11680.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • a filter is coupled to the reservoir for separating a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product.
  • a semi-permeable membrane is coupled to the reservoir for separating a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product. The method stops at a block 117S0.
  • an illustrative method 11760 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 11770.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • a filter is coupled to the reservoir for separating a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product.
  • an electrostatic collector is coupled to the reservoir for separating a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product. The method stops at a block 11840.
  • an illustrative method 11850 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 11860.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • a filter is coupled to the reservoir for separating a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product.
  • a cold trap is coupled to the reservoir for separating a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product. The method stops at a block 11930.
  • an illustrative method 11940 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 119S0.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • the reservoir is coupled to a reactor vessel.
  • a reservoir is coupled that is capable of being decoupled from the reactor vessel for removing the gaseous fission product from the reactor vessel. The method stops at a block 12020.
  • an illustrative method 12030 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 12040.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • the reservoir is coupled to a reactor vessel.
  • a reservoir is coupled that is capable of remaining coupled to the reactor vessel for storing the gaseous fission product at the reactor vessel. The method stops at a block 12110.
  • an illustrative method 12120 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 12130.
  • the method comprises receiving a nuclear fission fuel element capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to the nuclear fission fuel element, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a controller is coupled to the valve for controlling operation of the valve. The method stops at a block 12180.
  • an illustrative method 121 0 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 12200.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve. The method stops at block 12260.
  • an illustrative method 12270 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 12280.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled that is capable of moving the valve to a closed position. The method stops at a block 123 SO.
  • an illustrative method 12360 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 12370.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum-
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • an articulated manipulator arm is received that is extendable to the cap for threadably dismounting the cap from the valve. The method stops at a block 12440.
  • an illustrative method 124S0 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 12460.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • an articulated manipulator arm is received that is extendable to the valve for operating the valve. The method stops at a block 12530.
  • an illustrative method 12540 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 12550.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • an articulated manipulator arm is received that is extendable to the plenum.
  • a receptacle is carried on the articulated manipulator arm and is engageable with the plenum for receiving the gaseous fission product controllably vented from the plenum. The method stops at a block 12630.
  • an illustrative method 12640 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 12650.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • an articulated manipulator arm is received that is extendable to the plenum.
  • a receptacle is carried on the articulated manipulator arm and is engageable with the plenum for receiving the gaseous fission product controllably vented from the plenum.
  • a suction device is carried. The method stops at a block 12740.
  • an illustrative method 127S0 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 12760.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a valve is disposed that is responsive to a pressure in the plenum. The method stops at a block 12830.
  • an illustrative method 12840 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 12850.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a valve is disposed that is responsive to a type of gaseous fission product in the plenum. The method stops at a block 12920.
  • an illustrative method 12930 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 12940.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum. The method stops at a block 13010.
  • an illustrative method 13020 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 13030.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed for sensing a pressure in the plenum. The method stops at a block 13110.
  • an illustrative method 13120 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 13130.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is 5 disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed for sensing a type of gaseous fission product in the plenum. The method stops at a block 13210.
  • an illustrative method 13220 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 13230.
  • the method comprises
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a sensor is disposed for sensing a radioactive fission product. The method stops at a block 0 13310.
  • an illustrative method 13320 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 13330.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a radiation sensor is disposed. The method stops at a block 13410.
  • an illustrative method 13420 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 13430.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a chemical sensor is disposed. The method stops at a block 13510.
  • an illustrative method 13S20 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 13530.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • an optical sensor is disposed. The method stops at a block 13610.
  • an illustrative method 13620 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 13630.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed. The method stops at a block 13710.
  • an illustrative method 13720 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 13730.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • a radio frequency transmitter is disposed. The method stops at a block 13810.
  • an illustrative method 13820 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 13830.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • a transmitter is disposed that is configured to transmit a signal from the sensor. The method stops at a block 13910.
  • an illustrative method 13920 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 13930.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • a transmitter is disposed that is configured to transmit an identification signal identifying the valve body. The method stops at a block 14010.
  • an illustrative method 14020 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 14030.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • an electrical signal carrier is disposed. The method stops at a block 141 10.
  • an illustrative method 14111 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 14112.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in-the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a sensor is disposed into operative communication with the plenum.
  • a transmitter is disposed.
  • an optical fiber is disposed. The method stops at a block 14121.
  • an illustrative method 14122 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 14130.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body, the valve, the diaphragm and the removable cap. The method stops at a block 14200.
  • an illustrative method 14210 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 14220.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body, the valve, the diaphragm and the removable cap.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined that is capable of being disposed in a thermal neutron reactor core. The method stops at a block 14300.
  • an illustrative method 14310 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 14320.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body, the valve, the diaphragm and the removable cap.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined that is capable of being disposed in a fast neutron reactor core. The method stops at a block 14400.
  • an illustrative method 14410 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 14420.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body, the valve, the diaphragm and the removable cap.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined that is capable of being disposed in a fast neutron breeder reactor core. The method stops at a block 14500.
  • an illustrative method 14510 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 14520.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined by interconnecting at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body, the valve, the diaphragm and the removable cap.
  • a vented nuclear fission fuel module is defined that is capable of being disposed in a traveling wave fast neutron reactor core. The method stops at a block 14600.
  • an illustrative method 14610 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 14620.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to each of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a canister surrounding at least one of the plurality of fuel element bundles is received. The method stops at a block 14690.
  • an illustrative method 14700 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 14710.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to each of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a canister surrounding at least one of the plurality of fuel element bundles is received.
  • a canister having a bottom portion defining a flow opening is received.
  • a canister having a side portion defining a flow port is received. The method stops at a block 14800.
  • an illustrative method 14810 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 14820.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a canister surrounding at least one of the plurality of fuel element bundles is received.
  • a canister having a bottom portion defining a flow opening is received.
  • a canister having a side portion defining a flow port is received.
  • a canister is received including a tube sheet therein having a contour on an underside surface thereof shaped for guiding a coolant along a curved coolant flow path extending from the flow opening and through the flow port. The method stops at a block 14920.
  • an illustrative method 14930 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 14940.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a canister surrounding at least one of the plurality of fuel element bundles is received.
  • a canister having a bottom portion defining a flow opening is received.
  • a canister having a side portion defining a flow port is received.
  • a canister is received including a ceramic tube sheet therein for dissipating heat and having a contour on an underside thereof shaped for guiding a coolant along a curved coolant flow path extending from the flow opening and through the flow port extending from the flow opening and through the flow port.
  • the method stops at a block 1S040.
  • an illustrative method 15050 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 15060.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve. The method stops at a block 15130.
  • an illustrative method 15140 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 15150.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled having a removable filter for separating and capturing a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product. The method stops at a block 15230.
  • an illustrative method 15240 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 15250.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled having a removable filter for separating and capturing a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product.
  • a HEPA filter is coupled. The method stops at a block 15340.
  • an illustrative method 15350 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 15360.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled having a removable filter for separating and capturing a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product.
  • a semi-permeable membrane is coupled. The method stops at a block 15450.
  • an illustrative method 15460 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 15470.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled having a removable filter for separating and capturing a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product.
  • an electrostatic collector is coupled. The method stops at a block 15560.
  • an illustrative method 15570 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 15580.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled having a removable filter for separating and capturing a condensed phase fission product from the gaseous fission product.
  • a cold trap is coupled. The method stops at a block 15670.
  • an illustrative method 15680 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 15690.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • the reservoir is coupled to a reactor vessel.
  • a reservoir is coupled that is capable of being decoupled from the reactor vessel for removing the gaseous fission product from the reactor vessel. The method stops at a block 15780.
  • an illustrative method 15790 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 15800.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a reservoir is coupled to the valve for receiving the gaseous fission product vented by the valve.
  • the reservoir is coupled to a reactor vessel.
  • a reservoir is coupled that is capable of remaining coupled to the reactor vessel for storing the gaseous fission product at the reactor vessel. The method stops at a block 15890.
  • an illustrative method 15900 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 15 10.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controUably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a valve is disposed that is operable to controUably vent the gaseous fission product according to a predetermined release rate for minimizing size of an associated gaseous fission product clean-up system. The method stops at a block 15980.
  • an illustrative method 15990 of assembling a vented nuclear fission fuel module starts at a block 1 000.
  • the method comprises receiving a plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles capable of generating a gaseous fission product.
  • a valve body is coupled to at least one of the plurality of nuclear fission fuel element bundles, the valve body defining a plenum therein for receiving the gaseous fission product.
  • a valve is disposed in the valve body and in communication with the plenum for controllably venting the gaseous fission product from the plenum.
  • a flexible diaphragm is coupled to the valve for moving the valve.
  • a removable cap is threadably mounted on the valve.
  • a controller is coupled to the valve for controlling operation of the valve. The method stops at a block 16070.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention, selon des modes de réalisation illustratifs, porte sur un réacteur à fission nucléaire, sur un module de combustible de fission nucléaire dégazé, sur des procédés pour ceux-ci, et sur un système de module de combustible de fission nucléaire dégazé.
EP10836301A 2009-08-28 2010-08-30 Réacteur à fission nucléaire, module de combustible de fission nucléaire dégazé, procédés pour ceux-ci et système de module de combustible de fission nucléaire dégazé Withdrawn EP2471074A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/584,053 US8488734B2 (en) 2009-08-28 2009-08-28 Nuclear fission reactor, a vented nuclear fission fuel module, methods therefor and a vented nuclear fission fuel module system
US12/653,205 US9269462B2 (en) 2009-08-28 2009-12-08 Nuclear fission reactor, a vented nuclear fission fuel module, methods therefor and a vented nuclear fission fuel module system
US12/653,183 US8712005B2 (en) 2009-08-28 2009-12-08 Nuclear fission reactor, a vented nuclear fission fuel module, methods therefor and a vented nuclear fission fuel module system
US12/653,184 US20110150167A1 (en) 2009-08-28 2009-12-08 Nuclear fission reactor, a vented nuclear fission fuel module, methods therefor and a vented nuclear fission fuel module system
US12/653,206 US8929505B2 (en) 2009-08-28 2009-12-08 Nuclear fission reactor, vented nuclear fission fuel module, methods therefor and a vented nuclear fission fuel module system
PCT/US2010/002397 WO2011071512A1 (fr) 2009-08-28 2010-08-30 Réacteur à fission nucléaire, module de combustible de fission nucléaire dégazé, procédés pour ceux-ci et système de module de combustible de fission nucléaire dégazé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2471074A1 true EP2471074A1 (fr) 2012-07-04

Family

ID=43628303

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10812437A Withdrawn EP2471070A1 (fr) 2009-08-28 2010-08-30 Réacteur à fission nucléaire, module à évents pour combustible de fission nucléaire, procédé à cet effet, et système de modules à évents pour combustible de fission nucléaire
EP10812441.3A Active EP2471071B1 (fr) 2009-08-28 2010-08-30 Module à évents pour combustible de fission nucléaire
EP10815734.8A Active EP2471073B1 (fr) 2009-08-28 2010-08-30 Module de combustible de fission nucléaire ventilé
EP10812440.5A Active EP2471072B1 (fr) 2009-08-28 2010-08-30 Réacteur à fission nucléaire
EP10836301A Withdrawn EP2471074A1 (fr) 2009-08-28 2010-08-30 Réacteur à fission nucléaire, module de combustible de fission nucléaire dégazé, procédés pour ceux-ci et système de module de combustible de fission nucléaire dégazé

Family Applications Before (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10812437A Withdrawn EP2471070A1 (fr) 2009-08-28 2010-08-30 Réacteur à fission nucléaire, module à évents pour combustible de fission nucléaire, procédé à cet effet, et système de modules à évents pour combustible de fission nucléaire
EP10812441.3A Active EP2471071B1 (fr) 2009-08-28 2010-08-30 Module à évents pour combustible de fission nucléaire
EP10815734.8A Active EP2471073B1 (fr) 2009-08-28 2010-08-30 Module de combustible de fission nucléaire ventilé
EP10812440.5A Active EP2471072B1 (fr) 2009-08-28 2010-08-30 Réacteur à fission nucléaire

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (5) EP2471070A1 (fr)
JP (5) JP5882214B2 (fr)
KR (5) KR102001679B1 (fr)
CN (5) CN102598148B (fr)
RU (5) RU2548011C2 (fr)
WO (5) WO2011025551A1 (fr)

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CN102598149A (zh) 2012-07-18
CN102598150A (zh) 2012-07-18
JP2013503338A (ja) 2013-01-31
JP2013503334A (ja) 2013-01-31
KR20120070575A (ko) 2012-06-29
WO2011025548A1 (fr) 2011-03-03
CN102598147B (zh) 2016-06-01
EP2471071B1 (fr) 2019-11-13
CN102598149B (zh) 2016-06-01
EP2471071A4 (fr) 2016-11-23
EP2471071A1 (fr) 2012-07-04
KR20120053059A (ko) 2012-05-24
RU2550340C2 (ru) 2015-05-10
RU2547836C2 (ru) 2015-04-10
KR20120070577A (ko) 2012-06-29
KR101939847B1 (ko) 2019-04-05
KR101967481B1 (ko) 2019-04-09
WO2011025551A1 (fr) 2011-03-03
CN102598147A (zh) 2012-07-18
CN102598150B (zh) 2015-04-01
JP5882214B2 (ja) 2016-03-09
WO2011031303A1 (fr) 2011-03-17
EP2471072A4 (fr) 2016-11-23
EP2471073A4 (fr) 2014-03-26
RU2012111158A (ru) 2013-10-10
EP2471073A1 (fr) 2012-07-04
JP2013503337A (ja) 2013-01-31
JP2013503335A (ja) 2013-01-31
KR101991967B1 (ko) 2019-06-21
JP5882211B2 (ja) 2016-03-09
RU2554071C2 (ru) 2015-06-27
JP5882212B2 (ja) 2016-03-09
JP5882210B2 (ja) 2016-03-09
JP5882213B2 (ja) 2016-03-09
EP2471070A1 (fr) 2012-07-04
CN102598148A (zh) 2012-07-18
KR101967482B1 (ko) 2019-04-09
RU2012111159A (ru) 2013-10-10
RU2012111161A (ru) 2013-10-10
EP2471073B1 (fr) 2016-07-27
CN102598146B (zh) 2015-04-01
CN102598146A (zh) 2012-07-18
RU2548011C2 (ru) 2015-04-10
WO2011071512A1 (fr) 2011-06-16
WO2011025552A1 (fr) 2011-03-03
KR20120053055A (ko) 2012-05-24
JP2013503336A (ja) 2013-01-31
KR102001679B1 (ko) 2019-07-18
RU2012111162A (ru) 2013-10-10
KR20120070576A (ko) 2012-06-29
RU2012111160A (ru) 2013-10-10
EP2471072B1 (fr) 2019-01-09
EP2471072A1 (fr) 2012-07-04
CN102598148B (zh) 2015-09-30
RU2549544C2 (ru) 2015-04-27

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