EP2467847B1 - Offene akustische barriere für eine hybride aktive/passive lärmminderung - Google Patents

Offene akustische barriere für eine hybride aktive/passive lärmminderung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2467847B1
EP2467847B1 EP10763218.4A EP10763218A EP2467847B1 EP 2467847 B1 EP2467847 B1 EP 2467847B1 EP 10763218 A EP10763218 A EP 10763218A EP 2467847 B1 EP2467847 B1 EP 2467847B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acoustic
loudspeaker
reduction
microphone
passive
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Active
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EP10763218.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2467847A2 (de
Inventor
Christian Carme
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Technofirst SA
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Technofirst SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
    • G10K11/17813—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms
    • G10K11/17817—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms between the output signals and the error signals, i.e. secondary path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17861—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices using additional means for damping sound, e.g. using sound absorbing panels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17875—General system configurations using an error signal without a reference signal, e.g. pure feedback

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general field of acoustic reduction devices and methods.
  • acoustic barriers or acoustic screens based on inert materials.
  • screens or noise barriers made of concrete have a certain effectiveness in countering road noise.
  • Passive acoustic reduction devices also include window glazing that functions as a sound barrier when the window is closed.
  • the passive control of noise by screen effect is to interpose a wall, a door, a wall or a glazing between the source of the noise and the place in which it is desired to obtain a reduced noise.
  • the second family consists of active noise control.
  • An example of active control is described in the patent WO 1997/02471 .
  • an active noise control is used to reduce the air duct noise.
  • the technology that is described in this document consists in the realization of an active acoustic box including a microphone / loudspeaker pair adapted to measure the primary noise emitted in the ventilation duct and adjust the emission of the loudspeaker according to this primary noise to actively reduce this primary noise as emitted into the ventilation duct.
  • the figure 1 shows the zone of effectiveness ZEP generally observed with a passive system of reduction of the noise. It can be seen that the effectiveness of passive noise control is mainly concentrated in the audible frequency spectrum, but it is only effective in treating the high frequencies.
  • the figure 1 also presents the spectrum of road noise SR and it is found that this type of noise is characterized by a high concentration of sound in the low frequencies.
  • the noise barriers generally used are relatively ineffective or not effective at all according to the predominant frequencies of the road spectrum SR.
  • the figure 2 represents, in this respect, the improvement of the zone of effectiveness ZEP 'of a passive screen when the thickness thereof is doubled with respect to the zone of efficiency ZEP represented on the figure 1 obtained for a wall 10 cm thick. It is noted that the reduction is improved for the high frequencies but remains practically unchanged for the low frequencies.
  • the figure 3 schematically illustrates this process of retransmission of a plane wave arriving on the left of a wall 10.
  • This plane wave is attenuated by the presence of the wall 10 but also reemitted in the form of a spherical wave by the edge of the wall according to the diffraction phenomenon.
  • the effectiveness of active acoustic box technology is subject to two conditions.
  • the first condition is related to the wavelength and the second condition to the speed of electronic computers. It turns out that the effectiveness of active control is actually limited for high frequencies by techno-economic reasons.
  • the document US 2007/223714 discloses a hybrid type acoustic reduction device in which beams comprising loudspeakers are arranged obliquely with respect to each other.
  • the document US 4,665,549 discloses a hybrid type acoustic reduction device with beams comprising loudspeakers in acoustical absorbent material disposed facing each other.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to obtain perforated acoustic barriers that harmoniously combine the processing of noise with the aid of a passive system and an active system.
  • the active system being carried by structures made from passive acoustic absorbent materials and judiciously arranged, ensures a harmonious combination of both active and passive systems.
  • the active systems are furthermore judiciously placed in relation to the structures constituting the passive system so as to optimize their operation by emitting in the interval between the passive structures.
  • the invention also makes it possible to treat the problem of the open window for ventilating a dwelling. Indeed, the invention allows to create a perforated screen that can be inserted instead of the glazing to let air and block the noise at low frequency in the air passages.
  • the invention makes it possible to deal very effectively with road noise which is generally more effectively handled by an active control rather than a traditional passive system.
  • the presence of acoustic material facing the active control elements improves the transfer function of the space separating the active control elements and the supporting structures of these indispensable elements in the case of a barrier to skylights. This makes it possible to smooth the transfer function from a module and phase point of view and optimize it by linearization.
  • the control by the microphone of the filter then makes it possible to buckle the speaker by the microphone. This overall improves the bandwidth and amplitude of the active noise control.
  • the active / passive combination makes it very effective the barrier to skies thus made according to the principles of the invention.
  • the use of several aligned acoustic reduction elements as well as several beams each comprising an alignment of acoustic reduction elements implies the presence of a noise due to the operation of each device taken separately.
  • the alignment on the same side of the beam allows a uniformity of the treatment of the primary wave.
  • the parallelism of the beams allows that the sound attenuation is uniform on the barrier. In the case of beams that would not be substantially parallel, attenuation more or less strong depending on the distance between the beams would be observed which would be harmful.
  • substantially parallel is meant here that the beams can be strictly parallel which is the most favorable case but also that the beams can make a slight angle between them resulting in a slightly trapezoidal gap between them.
  • the calculation of the electronic counter-reaction control filter can make it possible to carry out an electronic filtering to control this against noise.
  • the realization of the hybrid active / passive acoustic reduction device according to the invention thus makes it possible to create acoustically opaque sound barriers at low and medium frequencies but optically translucent and / or open to allow the passage of light and / or hot or cold flows and let the heat exchange take place.
  • the applications of the invention therefore relate to windows that can be opened, road noise barriers, all types of sound screens that are sometimes installed at the top of building roofs with air exchangers or any other type of noisy machines that disturb the neighborhood.
  • the electronic filter is further such that the emissions of the loudspeakers aligned with the beam interfere positively and additionally.
  • the box is common for several acoustic reduction elements of the same beam.
  • the method comprises a step of optimizing the distance between two beams as a function of the acoustic result in terms of the number of decibels and cutoff frequencies of the active reduction, the visual appearance and of heat exchange.
  • the method further comprises a step of installing acoustic reduction elements on this free edge to reduce the sound diffraction.
  • the invention makes it possible to perform a treatment of sound diffraction on the edges of the acoustic screens by means of an active system only.
  • the beam consisting of a plurality of acoustic elements has replaced by an elongated form of speaker associated with at least one microphone disposed near the speaker.
  • This feature is to use a simplified form of speaker that can be miniaturized rather than a plurality of aligned loudspeakers and microphones.
  • the predetermined frequency range is the range of low frequencies below 500 Hertz.
  • This frequency range corresponds to the spectrum accessible by active acoustic reduction systems whose implementation remains technically possible at moderate costs.
  • the open screen thus allows the treatment of lower frequencies. Beyond this frequency, the natural beam barrier does its job as a normal screen for high frequencies.
  • the invention also relates to a passive and active acoustic reduction device comprising m electro-acoustic beams side by side and separated by an interval, each electro-acoustic beam comprising a plurality of acoustic reduction elements arranged side by side, each element of acoustic reduction comprising a microphone and a loudspeaker placed in a box, made of a passive acoustic absorbing material or comprising a passive acoustic absorbing material, close to the surface of a side said main side of the box and so that the the main transmission direction of the loudspeaker is substantially perpendicular to the main side, the microphone and the loudspeaker being connected to a control electronics capable of receiving a measurement of the transfer function between the microphone and the loudspeaker, each beam comprising an acoustic absorbing material on the side of the box opposite the main side to adjust the acoustic impedance of the box and avoid the appearance of standing wave between the main side of a beam and the opposite side to the
  • the last two steps of the method for measuring the transfer and calculation functions of a filter according to the invention are determined by computer program instructions.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program on an information medium, this program being capable of being implemented in a computer, this program comprising instructions adapted to the implementation of the last two steps of the program. process according to the invention.
  • This program can use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other form desirable shape.
  • the invention also relates to a computer-readable information medium, comprising instructions of a computer program as mentioned above.
  • the information carrier may be any entity or device capable of storing the program.
  • the medium may comprise a storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or a magnetic recording means, for example a floppy disk, a disk hard, a flash memory, a USB stick etc.
  • the information medium may be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which may be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means.
  • the program according to the invention can be downloaded in particular on an Internet type network.
  • the information carrier may be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the method in question.
  • Acoustic beams 41 constitute passive noise reduction elements. They are thus advantageously made from passive acoustic absorbent materials or comprise acoustic absorbing materials so as to allow partial acoustic insulation in the high frequencies.
  • each acoustic beam 41 includes several identical and independent active systems physically and mechanically associated to achieve an active acoustic effect in the thickness intervals D between the passive acoustic beams.
  • the plurality of acoustic beams 41 makes it possible to obtain a combination of the active and passive treatments.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to obtain broadband processing as well as represented on the figure 5 .
  • This figure shows the passive efficiency zone ZEP and the zone of active efficiency ZEA and the spectrum of the road noise SR. It is thus noted that, even if the perforated nature of the noise canceling device inevitably leads to a reduction in the efficiency of the passive acoustic reduction, the acoustic reduction generated by the active means largely makes up for this reduction since the most important intensities of the road noise SR are in low frequencies that active treatment can treat.
  • the figure 6 shows an acoustic beam 41.
  • this beam advantageously consists of a box 60 on which are placed loudspeakers 61 and microphones 62. Each pair microphone / speaker constituting an acoustic reduction element in the sense of the invention.
  • the figure 7 shows such an acoustic reduction element noted 70 comprising a metal enclosure 71 on the bottom of which is placed a passive absorbent 72 for example rock wool. This absorbent material is used to adjust the acoustic impedance into which the loudspeakers of the main side 63 of the neighboring beam will be discharged.
  • the enclosure 71 is for example a metal acoustic enclosure serving as a box within the meaning of the invention.
  • the microphone 62 serves as a reference for calculating the emission of the speaker 61 as a secondary source.
  • passive absorbent 72 on the bottom of the metal enclosure 71 allows an adjustment of the acoustic impedance in which the secondary sources, which are the loudspeakers placed on the adjacent beam facing the bottom of the beam considered, flow. .
  • the passive absorbent 72 makes it possible to adjust the impedance of the loudspeakers situated on the beam above the considered beam since the loudspeakers emit downwards.
  • the speakers can emit upward or downward, or to the left or right, of the acoustic barrier.
  • the passive absorbent 72 must be enough absorbent to prevent the standing waves from settling between the top of a beam and the bottom of the neighboring beam, which is for example that which emits in the thickness range D located between the two beams.
  • An appreciable tool is the measurement of the transfer function between the transducers, microphone and speaker that will create the desired acoustic effect. This effect is an active reduction of the noise in the context of the invention.
  • the first criterion to check in an active noise control is the stability of the system in operation. Indeed, the fact of filtering and amplifying the sound signal emitted by the loudspeaker to obtain the active control of the noise naturally creates a positive sound amplification and not a sound reduction which, in case of instability, may prove detrimental.
  • the Nyquist criterion is a measure in the complex plane of the expression of the transfer function of the complete electroacoustic string denoted by Hex ( ⁇ ): loudspeaker, acoustic medium (wall impedance, distance, microphone, amplifier and filter). correction).
  • the Nyquist graphical stability criterion is expressed by: "For a regular and stable open-loop linear system, the system buckled by a reaction will be stable if the Nyquist locus does not surround or leave it to the right in the direction of the ⁇ i increasing the affix point (1,0).
  • the place of Nyquist in open loop is calculated.
  • the points of intersection of this place of Nyquist with the axis of the real are calculated.
  • the stability constraint is then defined from the largest abscissa of the intersection points of the Nyquist locus in open loop with the real axis. It is rated Rmax.
  • An example of a graphical determination of the stability constraint Rmax is given on the figure 10 .
  • the limitations of the active acoustic system using such a filter are related to the complex electro-acoustic structure of the system. This complexity is reflected in the frequency response Hex ( ⁇ ) by a non-constant modulus, formed of resonances and antiresonances, and a phase comprising singular rotations or phase advances.
  • the Figures 11a and 11b show curves representing an example of transfer function measurement polluted by these standing waves.
  • Such a transfer function limits active processing, even using the clover filter, to the frequency band [ ⁇ a , ⁇ b ] because of the presence of numerous phase rotations at the cancellations of the phase generating resonances. , in particular to ⁇ 1 , and antiresonances, in particular to ⁇ 2 .
  • the Kunt tube equipped with a perfectly reflective termination, is an approximate example of this type of stationary wave phenomenon for which the phase is zero and the module corresponds to a cosine function when the position of the measuring point moves in the tube.
  • a progressive acoustic wave appears in this tube only when the termination is anechoic type.
  • the dimensions are less than or at most equivalent to the wavelengths for which the active system is to operate. This generates the presence of standing waves.
  • the transfer function Hex ( ⁇ ) of a box facing an absorbent passive wall corresponds to the skylight system according to the invention combining active control and passive control. It can be expressed by the speaker transfer function Hhp ( ⁇ ) modified by the front and rear acoustic load connected to the walls.
  • the speaker radiation is then provided with a rear acoustic impedance, due to the cavity of the box and a front acoustic impedance, due to the wall of passive material fixed on the back of the successive box.
  • C A ( ⁇ ) and C B ( ⁇ ) are the respective acoustic transfer functions of the chamber cavity and the confined space between the skylights in front of the loudspeaker.
  • Hch ( ⁇ ) is none other than the transfer function of the electroacoustic system of the box coupled to the confined space between the box and the passive material from the back of the following box.
  • the transfer function Hch ( ⁇ ) is equivalent to the experimental transfer function Hex ( ⁇ ) of the flow-through chamber system. on a passive acoustic acoustic wall.
  • the variation Zar as a function of R which varies in the interval [0,1] makes the impedance Zar vary from [+ ⁇ , - ⁇ ]. Its values change sign and have discontinuities at the boundaries of the interval described.
  • the transfer function Hch ( ⁇ ) can vary from zero to very large values according to the variations of Zar and Zav. These variations explain the appearance of the fast phase rotations as well as the resonances and anti-resonances of the module observed on the Bode diagrams of the experimental transfer functions.
  • the experimental transfer functions Hex ( ⁇ ) represented on the Figures 12a and 12b are derived from measurements made on a system with clear-ways whose rear wall of the box vis-a-vis the loudspeaker is sometimes metal, sometimes metal covered with a thickness of 5 cm of passive absorbent material.
  • the non-optimized transfer function corresponds to skylights whose rear of the box is devoid of passive acoustic absorbing material.
  • the measurement of the optimized transfer function corresponds to skylights equipped with passive material according to the invention.
  • Hex ( ⁇ ) should be optimized by combining passive materials on the faces facing the active noise reduction elements.
  • the active control solution is then improved in bandwidth and efficiency thanks to the addition of a passive material which reduces the phase rotations and consequently removes the critical point in the complex plane.
  • This combination of active / passive control broadens the attenuation frequency band and allows the gain to be increased without the risk of rapidly creating an unstable closed-loop system as soon as the active noise reduction elements are aligned with each other. beam then placed so as to create a barrier to clear-ways according to the invention.
  • the microphone 62 and the speaker 61 are connected to a control electronics 73.
  • This control electronics 73 comprises a preamplifier for the microphone 61, an electronic filter, for example an N-order filter and a connected audio power amplifier. to the speaker 61.
  • the box is advantageously shared, in long form, for fourteen acoustic reduction elements, each consisting of a microphone and a speaker.
  • control filtering is such that the active sources interfere together positively and additionally. This ensures a consistent overall treatment.
  • the coherence of the whole of the perforated hybrid acoustic barrier according to the invention is allowed thanks to the adjustment of the filtering which is done according to the transfer function of each independent box. More exactly the transfer function of the secondary path, ie the path between the microphone and the speaker of each microphone / loudspeaker pair, is used to carry out the filtering adjustment.
  • the transfer function of the secondary path is like its electro-acoustic identity card which makes it possible to control everything in the complex plane for the possible possible processing frequency band.
  • the measurement of the transfer function between each microphone and the corresponding loudspeaker makes it possible to know the module and the phase of this secondary path for all the considered frequencies of the processing.
  • the cut-off frequency of the active noise processing and the number of desired decibel reduction conditions the thickness D of the air gap that exists between two beams 41.
  • the bandwidth treated in the low frequencies by the active treatment and the number of reduction decibels obtained in this band are inversely proportional to the thickness of the air gap between two beams.
  • dB the reduction results in dB as a function of the distance between two beams.
  • the figures 8a and 8b show examples of acoustic barriers made according to a preferred embodiment of the invention for which the acoustic barrier is provided with acoustic reduction elements on its upper part for the treatment of said fraction by the upper edge of the acoustic barrier.
  • the barrier is provided with an additional acoustic box 42.
  • This additional beam 42 has no problem as to the adjustment of the acoustic impedance since the speakers present on this beam emit in the free space and therefore have an acoustic impedance infinite.
  • the active treatment of the diffraction noise is carried out using a plurality of acoustic reduction elements consisting of microphone pairs 62 / loudspeaker 61 placed at the end of the beams 41 placed vertically between two cross members 80.
  • a speaker of the type described for installation in double glazing in the patent WO 99/05888 may be used in association with a microphone to produce a system according to the invention.
  • such an elongated secondary source may be used in an acoustic reduction device intended to be used in the manner of a blind with blades in front of a window.
  • the invention makes it possible to have an active system for processing noise on blade slats of the type of blind slats or on the periphery of the slats. cylinders hanging parallel to the window. After the addition of acoustic absorbing material on the faces opposite to the faces on which the active systems are installed, it is thus possible to achieve a pleasant and effective arrangement for the treatment of noise in the low frequencies while allowing to ventilate and refresh effectively a piece.
  • a cylinder is advantageous from a point of view of passive noise reduction. Indeed, the mass effect of a cylinder compared to a blade is considerably larger. In addition, the presence of the cylinder makes it possible to adjust, if necessary, the acoustic impedance in which the neighboring loudspeakers flow.
  • a sort of blind comprising blades or, preferably, cylinders approximately 9 cm apart and advantageously integrating the electronics of FIG. control in each blade or cylinder.
  • a standard window 148x123mm
  • such a noise treatment system will be connected to the sector and will be controllable by an electrical switch such as those used for controlling the lighting of a room.
  • an acoustic reduction device may be installed between an outer curtain and a window. It can be fixed or removable. The elements can be moved on the sides of the window or integrated in a partition.
  • the figure 9 gives an example of possible embodiment of a sound reduction device on a window 90 with cylinders 91 each provided, on one side, a linear structure according to the invention with pairs speaker / microphone.
  • the invention allows a result of noise reduction more comfortable to the ear than a simple totally passive or fully active control over the entire surface of the barrier and this, despite a partial active control performed only in the days of the barrier and a partial passive control carried out only by the bars of the barrier.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to produce effective acoustic screens throughout the audible spectrum without requiring the use of the law of mass or of materials of great thickness. It also has the advantage of being able to be associated with a treatment of air inlets by active control and, therefore, to be installed in acoustic curtain in front of machines requiring significant ventilation: air conditioning or other machines.
  • elongated high-resistance loudspeakers are advantageously used to carry out the diffraction treatment.
  • the active trellises according to the invention can see through the wall and allow ventilation.
  • the distances D of separation of the beams used, their number and their vertical or horizontal disposition may be various depending on the specifications. Generally, a compromise will be sought between the quantity of passive material to be used and the cost of the active systems so that the openings and the lightness of the structure are preferred.

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren zur passiven und aktiven Schallminderung, umfassend die Schritte:
    - Herstellen einer Vielzahl von Schallminderungselementen (70), die jeweils ein Mikrofon (62) und einen Lautsprecher (61) umfassen, indem für jedes Element die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt werden:
    - Anordnen des Mikrofons (62) in einem Kasten (60), der aus passivem schallabsorbierendem Material hergestellt ist oder ein passives schallabsorbierendes Material umfasst, in der Nähe der Oberfläche einer sogenannten Hauptseite (63) des Kastens (60),
    - Anordnen des Lautsprechers (61) in diesem Kasten (60) neben dem Mikrofon (62), ebenfalls in der Nähe der Oberfläche der Hauptseite (63) und derart, dass die Hauptabstrahlrichtung des Lautsprechers (61) im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Hauptseite (63) verläuft,
    - Nebeneinanderanordnen von n Schallminderungselementen (70), wodurch ein Schallminderungsbalken, sogenannter elektroakustischer Balken (41) gebildet wird,
    - Anordnen von m elektroakustischen Balken (41) nebeneinander und durch einen räumlichen Zwischenraum (D) getrennt sowie im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander, unter Ausrichten der Hauptseite (63) des Kastens zu der Seite hin, welche der Hauptseite des benachbarten Balkens gegenüberliegt, damit die Lautsprecher (61) in dem Zwischenraum zwischen zwei Balken (41) abstrahlen, wodurch ein Lärmschutzschirm mit Zwischenräumen gebildet wird, der einen passiven Effekt und einen aktiven Effekt zur Lärmminderung kombiniert,
    wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Einbringen eines schallabsorbierenden Materials (72) auf der der Hauptseite (63) gegenüberliegenden Seite des Kastens (60), um die akustische Impedanz des Kastens (60) einzustellen und um das Auftreten von stehenden Wellen zwischen der Hauptseite (63) eines Balkens (41) und der der Hauptseite des benachbarten Balkens gegenüberliegende Seite zu vermeiden,
    - Messen der Übertragungsfunktion zwischen dem Mikrofon (62) und dem Lautsprecher (61) für jedes Schallminderungselement (70),
    - Berechnen eines elektronischen Rückkopplungssteuerungsfilters für jedes Schallminderungselement (70) anhand der Übertragungsfunktion zwischen dem Mikrofon (62) und dem Lautsprecher (61), wobei diese Übertragungsfunktion durch das Vorhandensein des schallabsorbierenden Materials (72), das auf der der Hauptseite (63) gegenüberliegenden Seite des Kastens (60) eingebracht wird, linearisiert wird, wobei dieses elektronische Filter innerhalb eines jeden Schallminderungselements (70) ermöglicht, den Lautsprecher (61) an dem Mikrofon (62) durch Verstärken der Rückkopplung elektroakustisch einzuschleifen, um einen Schallabsorptionseffekt in Echtzeit für einen vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich zu erhalten.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das elektronische Filter weiterhin derart ist, dass die Abstrahlungen der auf dem Balken (41) ausgerichteten Lautsprecher (61) positiv und zusätzlich interferieren.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kasten (60) für mehrere Schallminderungselemente (70) eine gleichen Balkens (41) gemein ist.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen Schritt zum Optimieren des Abstands (D) zwischen zwei Balken (41) in Abhängigkeit von dem akustischen Ergebnis hinsichtlich Dezibelzahl und Grenzfrequenz der aktiven Minderung, dem optischen Erscheinungsbild und dem Wärmeaustausch umfasst.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es, da der Lärmschutzschirm eine freie Kante aufweist, ferner einen Schritt zum Anbringen von Schallminderungselementen (42, 81, 82) an dieser freien Kante umfasst, um die Schallbeugung zu reduzieren.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Balken (41), der aus der Vielzahl von Schallelementen (70) besteht, durch einen Lautsprecher mit langgestreckter Form ersetzt wird, der wenigstens einem in der Nähe des Lautsprechers befindlichen Mikrofon zugeordnet ist.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der vorbestimmte und durch den durchbrochenen Schutzschirm bearbeitete Frequenzbereich der Bereich der Niederfrequenzen unter 500 Hertz ist.
  8. Vorrichtung zur passiven und aktiven Schallminderung, umfassend m elektroakustische Balken (41) nebeneinander, die im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander verlaufen und durch einen Zwischenraum (D) getrennt sind, wobei jeder elektroakustische Balken (41) eine Vielzahl von nebeneinander angeordneten Schallminderungselementen (70) umfasst, wobei jedes Schallminderungselement (70) ein Mikrofon (62) und einen Lautsprecher (61) aufweist, die in einem Kasten (60), der aus passivem schallabsorbierendem Material hergestellt ist oder ein passives schallabsorbierendes Material umfasst, in der Nähe der Oberfläche einer sogenannten Hauptseite (63) des Kastens (60) sowie derart angeordnet sind, dass die Hauptabstrahlrichtung des Lautsprechers (61) im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Hauptseite (63) verläuft, wobei das Mikrofon (62) und der Lautsprecher (61) mit einer Steuerelektronik (73) verbunden sind, die geeignet ist, eine Messung der Übertragungsfunktion zwischen dem Mikrofon (62) und dem Lautsprecher (61) zu empfangen,
    wobei jeder Balken ferner ein schallabsorbierendes Material auf der der Hauptseite gegenüberliegenden Seite des Kastens umfasst, um die akustische Impedanz des Kastens einzustellen und um das Auftreten einer stehenden Welle zwischen der Hauptseite eines Balkens und der der Hauptseite des benachbarten Balkens gegenüberliegende Seite zu vermeiden,
    wobei die Vorrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
    die Balken (41) derart nebeneinander angeordnet sind, dass die Hauptseiten (63) der Schallelemente (70) zu der Seite hin gerichtet sind, welche der Hauptseite des benachbarten Balkens gegenüberliegt, damit die Lautsprecher (61) in dem Zwischenraum (D) zwischen zwei Balken (41) abstrahlen, wodurch ein Lärmschutzschirm mit Zwischenräumen gebildet wird, der einen passiven Effekt und einen aktiven Effekt zur Lärmminderung kombiniert,
    die Steuerelektronik (73) Mittel umfasst, um ein elektronisches Rückkopplungssteuerungsfilter für jedes Schallminderungselement (70) anhand der Übertragungsfunktion zwischen dem Mikrofon (62) und dem Lautsprecher (61) zu berechnen, wobei diese Übertragungsfunktion durch das Vorhandensein des schallabsorbierenden Materials (72), das auf der der Hauptseite (63) gegenüberliegenden Seite des Kastens (60) eingebracht wird, linearisiert wird, wobei dieses elektronische Filter innerhalb eines jeden Schallminderungselements (70) ermöglicht, den Lautsprecher (61) an dem Mikrofon (62) durch Verstärken der Rückkopplung elektroakustisch einzuschleifen, um einen Schallabsorptionseffekt in Echtzeit für einen vorbestimmten Frequenzbereich zu erhalten.
EP10763218.4A 2009-08-21 2010-08-20 Offene akustische barriere für eine hybride aktive/passive lärmminderung Active EP2467847B1 (de)

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FR0955741A FR2949273B1 (fr) 2009-08-21 2009-08-21 Barriere acoustique ajouree permettant un traitement hybride passif/actif du bruit
PCT/FR2010/051750 WO2011020977A2 (fr) 2009-08-21 2010-08-20 Barrière acoustique ajourée permettant un traitement hybride passif/actif du bruit

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EP2989264B1 (de) * 2013-04-23 2021-10-20 Artex AB Schalldämpfungsvorrichtung
FR3035432A1 (fr) 2015-04-21 2016-10-28 Sapa Building Systems France Fenetre comprenant un dispositif d’amortissement acoustique
DE102016007391A1 (de) 2016-06-17 2017-12-21 Oaswiss AG (i. G.) Antischallanordnung
CN107724550A (zh) * 2017-11-30 2018-02-23 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 一种变电站消噪装置
CN110536195B (zh) * 2019-09-29 2021-07-02 商丘华亿通电子科技有限公司 动态降噪喊话器
DE202021001457U1 (de) 2021-04-20 2021-06-16 Frank Sekura Schalldämmendes Element für Fensterlaibungen

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FR2949273B1 (fr) 2015-09-25
US20120155669A1 (en) 2012-06-21
WO2011020977A3 (fr) 2011-11-10
FR2949273A1 (fr) 2011-02-25
CA2771692A1 (fr) 2011-02-24
EP2467847A2 (de) 2012-06-27
BR112012003874A2 (pt) 2016-03-29
WO2011020977A2 (fr) 2011-02-24

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