EP2466607A1 - Electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2466607A1
EP2466607A1 EP11354053A EP11354053A EP2466607A1 EP 2466607 A1 EP2466607 A1 EP 2466607A1 EP 11354053 A EP11354053 A EP 11354053A EP 11354053 A EP11354053 A EP 11354053A EP 2466607 A1 EP2466607 A1 EP 2466607A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
voltage
threshold
coils
terminal
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Granted
Application number
EP11354053A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2466607B1 (en
Inventor
Charles Blondel
Roland Moussanet
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP2466607A1 publication Critical patent/EP2466607A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/226—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil for bistable relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
    • H01F7/1827—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current by changing number of serially-connected turns or windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator comprising a magnetic circuit formed of a ferromagnetic yoke and a movable ferromagnetic core and at least two coils respectively comprising a voltage efficiency threshold.
  • Coil switching means allow operation with either one of said coils, or with at least two of said coils connected in series or parallel.
  • a functional block for measuring the operating sinusoidal voltage between a first and a second voltage supply terminal, the voltage varying during a rectified alternation between a minimum voltage and a maximum voltage.
  • the efficiency threshold is directly proportional to the operating voltage of the coil.
  • the efficiency threshold and the operating voltage are intrinsic characteristics of the coil and are generally known. For example, a coil designed to operate at 400V, for example will not be effective below 200 V. As shown on the figure 1 the efficiency threshold of the coil is then equal to 200V.
  • the ratio between the efficiency threshold and the operating voltage depends in particular on the use that is made of the actuator.
  • the efficiency of the coil during a half-wave is reduced compared to the total duration of the half-wave.
  • the efficiency of the coil during a half-wave is reduced compared to the total duration of the half-wave.
  • the invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide an electromagnetic actuator with high energy efficiency.
  • the functional block for measuring the electromagnetic actuator comprises means for comparing the operating voltage with at least one predefined voltage threshold.
  • the actuator comprises control means able to act, during a single alternation, on the switching means for connecting at least one first coil when the operating voltage is lower than a first threshold or for connecting at least one second coil when the operating voltage is greater than the first threshold.
  • the measurement functional block comprises means for comparing the operating voltage with at least two predefined voltage thresholds.
  • a third coil is connected in series with the first and second coils between the first and second power supply terminals.
  • a third opening means is connected between the first voltage supply terminal and the first terminal of the third coil.
  • the third coil has a second terminal connected to the second voltage supply terminal.
  • a fourth opening means is connected between the second terminal of the second coil and the second voltage supply terminal.
  • the actuator comprises a first and a second coil connected together in parallel between a first and second supply terminal.
  • a first opening means is connected between a first terminal of the first coil and the first voltage supply terminal A, the second terminal of the first coil is connected to the second voltage supply terminal.
  • a second opening means being connected between the first voltage supply terminal and the first terminal of the second coil, the second terminal of the second coil being connected to the second voltage supply terminal. The first coil is connected when the first opening means is closed and the second coil is connected when the second opening means is closed.
  • the coils comprise identical or distinct voltage efficiency thresholds.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises regulating means capable of modulating the voltage supplied to said coils according to PWM type pulse width modulation.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises a magnetic circuit formed by a ferromagnetic yoke 2 and a movable ferromagnetic core 3.
  • the actuator comprises at least two coils L1, L2 respectively having their own voltage efficiency threshold U1, U2.
  • the efficiency threshold of a coil of an actuator means a voltage threshold below which the energized coil will no longer provide sufficient magnetic flux to operate the actuator according to the manufacturer's specifications. For example, a coil that has an operating voltage equal to 400 volts has an efficiency threshold substantially equal to 200 volts.
  • the coils L1, L2 may comprise identical or distinct voltage efficiency thresholds.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises control means 20 of the coils L1, L2 allowing operation with a single coil or with several coils connected together in a series position or a parallel position. Operation with one or more coils depends on a value of an operating voltage U AB as a function of at least one predefined voltage threshold value S1, S2, S3.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises a functional block for measuring the operating voltage U AB .
  • the operating voltage U AB between the first and second voltage supply terminal A, B is a rectified sinusoidal voltage.
  • the voltage measured by said block varies during a rectified alternation between a minimum voltage Umin at a maximum voltage Umax. For example, the minimum voltage Umin is zero.
  • the measurement function block 25 comprises means for comparing the operating voltage U AB with at least one predefined voltage threshold S1, S2, S3.
  • the device operates on the basis of a divider bridge with n resistors R1, R2, R3, Rn, Rp.
  • the bridge makes it possible to measure at least a first input voltage E1.
  • Said first input voltage E1 is compared with an internal reference voltage VRef linked to a comparator C1. If the first input voltage E1 is equal to the reference value VRef, this means that the first threshold S1 is reached and the measurement function block 25 can send information to the control means 20.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises at least a first and a second coil L1, L2 connected between they are connected in parallel or in series between a first and a second supply terminal A, B.
  • At least one freewheeling diode DA is connected between the second voltage supply terminal B and the first supply terminal A.
  • the diode DA is not conducting when the first voltage supply terminal A is connected. is powered with a positive voltage.
  • the switching means comprise at least a first opening means T1 and at least a second opening means T2.
  • the opening means are bipolar transistors.
  • Said at least two opening means T1, T2 are connected to the control means 20 and are thus arranged to receive orders and to be placed respectively in an open or closed state.
  • the measurement functional block 25 comprises means for comparing the operating voltage (U AB ) with a predefined voltage threshold S1.
  • the divider bridge has two resistors R1, RP and then makes it possible to measure a first input voltage E1. Said first input voltage E1 is compared with an internal reference voltage VRef linked to a comparator C1.
  • the first predefined voltage threshold S1 is equal to, for example, 200 volts.
  • the two coils L1, L2 then respectively have operating voltages equal to 200 and 400 volts.
  • the efficiency thresholds of said coils are then substantially equal to 100 and 200 volts.
  • the reference voltage VRef can be set at 5 volts.
  • the computation of the resistors R1, RP of the divider bridge has been carried out so that when, for example, an operating voltage U AB is applied between the supply terminals A, B equal to 200 V, a first input voltage is obtained. E1 of 5V. This first input voltage E1 being equal to Vref, the measurement functional block 25 can send information to the control means 20.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises at least a first and a second coil L1, L2 connected together in series between a first and a second supply terminal A, B.
  • the first opening means T1 is then connected between a second terminal L1B of the first coil L1 and the second voltage supply terminal B.
  • a first terminal L1A of the first coil L1 is connected to the first voltage supply terminal A.
  • the second opening means T2 is connected between the first voltage supply terminal A and the first terminal L2A of the second coil L2.
  • the first coil L1 is disconnected when the second opening means T2 is closed. Only the second coil L2 is then functional, the first opening means T1 then being open.
  • the second coil L2 is disconnected when the first opening means T1 is closed.
  • a diode D1 is then connected between the second terminal L1B of the first coil L1 and first terminal L2A of the second coil L2. This diode D1 makes it possible to avoid a short circuit between the supply terminals when the first and second opening means T1 and T2 are closed.
  • the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into a closed position and switch the second opening means T2 into a closed position. opening position.
  • the second coil L2 is disconnected and only the first coil L1 is then functional.
  • the actuator is then inefficient for a period of time Zpe, especially when the voltage varies between 0 and 100 Volts.
  • the actuator becomes effective for a duration Ze, especially when the voltage has a value greater than the efficiency threshold of the first coil L1.
  • the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into an open position and switch the second opening means T2 in a closed position.
  • the first coil L1 is now disconnected and only the second coil L2 is then functional.
  • the operating voltage U AB is then between the efficiency threshold of the operating voltage of the second coil L2.
  • the control means 20 re-switch the first opening means T1 in a closed position and re-switch the second means of opening. opening T2 in an open position.
  • the second coil L2 is disconnected again and only the first coil L1 is then functional.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises a first and a second coil L1, L2 connected together in parallel between a first and a second power supply terminal A, B.
  • the first opening means T1 is connected between a first terminal L1A of the first coil L1 and the first voltage supply terminal A.
  • the second terminal L1 B of the first coil L1 is connected to the second voltage supply terminal B.
  • the second opening means T2 is connected between the first terminal of voltage supply A and the first terminal L2A of the second coil L2.
  • the second terminal L2B of the second coil L2 is connected to the second voltage supply terminal B.
  • the first coil L1 is connected when the first opening means T1 is closed.
  • the second coil L2 is connected when the second opening means T2 is closed.
  • the functional block of measurement 25 comprises means for comparing the operating voltage (U AB ) with two predefined voltage thresholds S1 and S2.
  • the divider bridge has three resistors R1, R2, RP and then makes it possible to measure a first and a second input voltage E1 and E2. Said first and second input voltages E1 and E2 are respectively compared with an internal reference voltage VRef linked to comparators C1 and C2.
  • this reference voltage VRef can be set at 5 volts and the two predefined thresholds S1 and S2 are respectively equal to 140V and 260V.
  • the computation of the resistors R1, R2, RP of the divider bridge has been carried out so that when, for example, an operating voltage U AB is applied between the supply terminals A, B equal to 140 V, a first voltage is obtained. E1 input of 5V.
  • This first input voltage E1 being equal to Vref, the measurement functional block 25 can send information to the control means 20.
  • the operating voltage U AB equal to 260 V is applied, a second voltage is obtained.
  • the measurement functional block 25 can send information to the control means 20.
  • the two coils L1, L2 then have respective voltages. operating at 140 and 260 volts.
  • the efficiency thresholds of said coils are then substantially equal to 70 and 130 volts.
  • the electromagnetic actuator then comprises at least a first and a second coil L1, L2 connected together in series between a first and second supply terminals A, B.
  • the first opening means T1 is then connected between a second terminal L1B of the first coil L1 and the second voltage supply terminal B.
  • a first terminal L1A of the first coil L1 is connected to the first voltage supply terminal A.
  • the second opening means T2 is connected between the first voltage supply terminal A and the first terminal L2A of the second coil L2.
  • a second terminal L2B of the second coil L2 is connected to the second voltage supply terminal B.
  • the first coil L1 is disconnected when the second opening means T2 is closed. Only the second coil L2 is then functional, the first opening means T1 then being open.
  • the second coil L2 is disconnected when the first opening means T1 is closed. Only the first coil L1 is then functional, the second opening means T2 then being open. A diode D1 is then connected between the second terminal L1B of the first coil L1 and first terminal L2A of the second coil L2. This diode D1 makes it possible to avoid a short circuit between the supply terminals when the first and second opening means T1 and T2 are closed.
  • the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into a closed position and switch the second opening means T2 into a closed position. opening position.
  • the second coil L2 is disconnected and only the first coil L1 is then functional.
  • the actuator is then inefficient between 0 and 70 volts and becomes effective beyond the efficiency threshold of the first coil L1.
  • the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into an open position and switch the second opening means T2 in a closed position.
  • the first coil L1 is now disconnected and only the second L2 coil is then functional.
  • the operating voltage U AB is then substantially between the efficiency threshold of the operating voltage of the second coil L2.
  • the control means 20 switch the first and second opening means T1, T2 in an open position so that the two coils L1, L2 are in serial mode.
  • the equivalent operating voltage of the two coils in series is then equal to 400 volts.
  • the actuator is fully effective because the operating voltage U AB is then between the efficiency threshold and the equivalent operating voltage of the coils L1, L2 connected in series (260 - 400 volts).
  • a fourth phase of operation when the operating voltage U AB becomes less than 260 volts, the control means 20 re-switch the first opening means T1 in an open position and re-switch the second means of opening. opening T2 in a closed position.
  • the first coil L1 is now disconnected and only the second coil L2 is then functional. From 260 to 140 volts, the operating voltage U AB is then substantially between the efficiency threshold and the operating voltage of the second coil L2.
  • the control means 20 re-switch the first opening means T1 in a closed position and re-switch the second means of opening T2 in an open position.
  • the second coil L2 is disconnected and only the first coil L1 is then functional.
  • the actuator is effective between 140 and 70 volts.
  • the measurement function block 25 comprises means for comparing the operating voltage (U AB ) with three predefined voltage thresholds S1, S2 and S3.
  • the divider bridge has four resistors R1, R2, R3, Rp and then makes it possible to measure a first, a second and a third input voltage.
  • Said first, second and third input voltages E1, E2 and E3 are respectively compared with an internal reference voltage VRef linked to comparators C1, C2 and C3.
  • this reference voltage VRef can be set at 5 volts and the three predefined thresholds S1, S2 and S3 are respectively equal to 91 V, 140 and 260V.
  • the computation of the resistors R1, R2, R3, RP of the divider bridge has been carried out so that when, for example, an operating voltage U AB is applied between the supply terminals A, B equal to 91 V, a first input voltage E1 of 5V.
  • the measurement functional block 25 can send a control command to the control means 20.
  • the operating voltage U AB equal to 140 V is applied.
  • a second input voltage E2 of 5V is obtained.
  • the measurement function block 25 can send a control command to the switching means 20.
  • the operating voltage U AB equal to 260 is applied.
  • V a third input voltage E3 of 5V is obtained.
  • This third input voltage E3 being equal to the reference voltage Vref, the measurement function block 25 can send a control command to the switching means 20.
  • the two coils L1, L2 then have respectively operating voltages equal to 140 and 260 volts.
  • the efficiency thresholds of said coils are then substantially equal to 70 and 130 volts.
  • the electromagnetic actuator then comprises at least a first and a second coil L1, L2 connected together in series between a first and second supply terminals A, B.
  • the first opening means T1 is then connected between a second terminal L1B of the first coil L1 and the second voltage supply terminal B.
  • a first terminal L1A of the first coil L1 is connected to the first voltage supply terminal A.
  • the second opening means T2 is connected between the first voltage supply terminal A and the first terminal L2A of the second coil L2.
  • a second terminal L2B of the second coil L2 is connected to the second voltage supply terminal B.
  • the first coil L1 is disconnected when the second opening means T2 is closed. Only the second coil L2 is then functional, the first opening means T1 then being open.
  • the second coil L2 is disconnected when the first opening means T1 is closed. Only the first coil L1 is then functional, the second opening means T2 then being open. A diode D1 is then connected between the second terminal L1B of the first coil L1 and first terminal L2A of the second coil L2. This diode D1 makes it possible to avoid a short circuit between the supply terminals when the first and second opening means T1 and T2 are closed.
  • the control means 20 switch the first and second opening means T1, T2 in a closed position so that the two coils L1, L2 are in parallel mode.
  • the equivalent operating voltage of the two coils in parallel is then equal to 91 volts.
  • the actuator is then inefficient between 0 and 45.5 Volts and becomes effective beyond the equivalent efficiency threshold of the coils L1, L2 in parallel.
  • the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into a closed position and switch the second opening means T2 in an open position.
  • the second coil L2 is disconnected and only the first coil L1 is then functional.
  • the actuator is then effective because the operating voltage U AB is between the thresholds of efficiency and operation of the first coil L1 (70-140 volts).
  • the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into an open position and switch the second means. opening T2 in a closed position.
  • the first coil L1 is now disconnected and only the second coil L2 is then functional.
  • the operating voltage U AB is then between the efficiency threshold and the operating voltage of the second coil L2 (130-260 volts).
  • the control means 20 switch the first and second opening means T1, T2 in an open position so as to the two coils L1, L2 are in serial mode.
  • the equivalent operating voltage of the two coils in series is then equal to 400 volts.
  • the actuator is fully effective because the operating voltage U AB is then between the efficiency threshold and the equivalent operating voltage of the coils L1, L2 connected in series (200 - 400 volts).
  • a fifth phase of operation when the operating voltage U AB falls below the operating voltage of the second coil L2 (260 volts), the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into a position of d 'open and switch the second opening means T2 in a closed position. Thus, the first coil L1 is disconnected and only the second coil L2 is then functional. From 260 to 140 volts, the operating voltage U AB is then between the efficiency threshold and the operating voltage of the second coil L2 (130-260 volts).
  • the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into a closed position and switch the second opening means T2 into an open position.
  • the second coil L2 is disconnected and only the first coil L1 is then functional.
  • the actuator is then effective because the operating voltage U AB is between the thresholds of efficiency and operation of the first coil L1 (70-140 volts).
  • the control means 20 switch the first and second means opening T1, T2 in a closed position so that the two coils L1, L2 are in parallel mode.
  • the equivalent operating voltage of the two coils in parallel is then equal to 91 volts.
  • the actuator is still efficient between 91 and 45.5 volts.
  • the efficiency of the actuator according to the invention is very satisfactory over a wide voltage range.
  • the solid curve represents what is called the “efficiency” of the voltage applied to a single coil actuator. This "efficiency” is directly proportional to the input voltage.
  • the supply voltage U AB is equal to 50% of the operating voltage of the coil, then the efficiency of the actuator is 50%.
  • the dotted curve represents the two-coil solution operating in a mode as described above. The level has been "normalized” in order to turn the most around the 100% value. This gives for the max value (400V) efficiency at 108% and at 91 V 86%. Overall, between these two values 108%, 86%, some consistency is observed.
  • the efficiency of the actuator is between 86% and 108%.
  • an actuator of known type with a single coil operating on the same voltage range (91 - 400 V) will have an efficiency between 20 and 100%.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises a third coil L3 connected in series with the first and second coils L1, L2 between the first and second supply terminals A, B.
  • the switching means then comprise a third opening means T3 connected between the first voltage supply terminal A and the first terminal L3A of the third coil L3.
  • the third coil L3 has a second terminal L3B connected to the second voltage supply terminal B.
  • the switching means comprises a fourth opening means T4 connected between the second terminal L2B of the second coil L2 and the second terminal of voltage supply B.
  • the efficiency of the actuator according to the invention is very satisfactory over a very wide voltage range.
  • the solid curve represents what is called the "efficiency” of the voltage applied to a single coil actuator.
  • the dotted curve represents the three-coil solution operating in a mode as described above. The level has been "normalized” in order to turn the most around the 100% value. This gives the max value (475V) an efficiency of 106% and 39 Volts of 83%. Overall, between these two values 106%, 83%, some consistency is observed. In other words, for actuating voltages between 39 and 475V, the efficiency of the actuator is between 83% and 103%. Comparatively, an actuator of known type with a single coil operating on the same voltage range (39 - 475 V) will have an efficiency between 10 and 100%.
  • the electromagnetic actuator is then able to operate over a wide range of voltage while maintaining optimum efficiency.

Abstract

The actuator has coil switching units for authorizing an operation of the actuator with one of two coils (L1, L2) or with the two coils connected in series or parallel. A functional measuring block (25) measures sinusoidal operating voltage between voltage supply terminals (A, B). The block includes a comparison unit to compare the operating voltage with a predefined voltage threshold (S1). Control units (20) act on the switching units to connect the coil when the operating voltage is less than the threshold, and connect the other coil when the operating voltage is higher than the threshold.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

L'invention est relative à un actionneur électromagnétique comprenant un circuit magnétique formé d'une culasse ferromagnétique et d'un noyau ferromagnétique mobile et au moins deux bobines comportant respectivement un seuil d'efficacité en tension. Des moyens de commutation des bobines autorisent le fonctionnement soit avec une seule desdites bobines, ou soit avec au moins deux desdites bobines connectées en série ou une parallèle. Un bloc fonctionnel de mesure de la tension sinusoïdale de fonctionnement (entre une première et seconde borne d'alimentation en tension, la tension variant au cours d'une alternance redressée entre une tension minimale à une tension maximale.The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator comprising a magnetic circuit formed of a ferromagnetic yoke and a movable ferromagnetic core and at least two coils respectively comprising a voltage efficiency threshold. Coil switching means allow operation with either one of said coils, or with at least two of said coils connected in series or parallel. A functional block for measuring the operating sinusoidal voltage (between a first and a second voltage supply terminal, the voltage varying during a rectified alternation between a minimum voltage and a maximum voltage.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURESTATE OF THE PRIOR ART

L'optimisation du fonctionnement énergétique des actionneurs électromagnétiques est souvent prise en compte au moment de leur conception.Optimizing the energy performance of electromagnetic actuators is often taken into account at the time of their design.

Lorsqu'on veut optimiser le fonctionnement d'une bobine d'un actionneur, il est préférable d'alimenter ladite bobine avec une tension supérieure à un seuil d'efficacité de ladite bobine. Le seuil d'efficacité est directement proportionnel à la tension de fonctionnement de la bobine. Le seuil d'efficacité et la tension de fonctionnement sont des caractéristiques intrinsèques de la bobine et sont généralement connues. Par exemple, une bobine conçue pour fonctionner à 400V, ne sera par exemple plus efficace en dessous de 200 V. Comme représenté sur la figure 1, le -seuil d'efficacité de la bobine est alors égal à 200V. Le rapport entre le seuil d'efficacité et la tension de fonctionnement dépend notamment de l'utilisation qui est faite de l'actionneur.When it is desired to optimize the operation of a coil of an actuator, it is preferable to supply said coil with a voltage greater than a threshold of efficiency of said coil. The efficiency threshold is directly proportional to the operating voltage of the coil. The efficiency threshold and the operating voltage are intrinsic characteristics of the coil and are generally known. For example, a coil designed to operate at 400V, for example will not be effective below 200 V. As shown on the figure 1 the efficiency threshold of the coil is then equal to 200V. The ratio between the efficiency threshold and the operating voltage depends in particular on the use that is made of the actuator.

Compte tenu de ces caractéristiques intrinsèques, lorsque la bobine est alimentée par une tension alternative, l'efficacité de la bobine au cours d'une demi-alternance est réduite par rapport à la durée totale de la demi-alternance. En effet, comme représenté sur la figure 1, lorsqu'une bobine de 400 Volt est alimentée par une tension réseau de 400V, on observe alors deux périodes Zpe pendant lesquelles la tension réseau est inférieure au seuil d'efficacité de la bobine. La durée Ze pendant laquelle la bobine est pleinement efficace est ainsi réduite par rapport à la durée totale de la demi-alternance.Given these intrinsic characteristics, when the coil is powered by an alternating voltage, the efficiency of the coil during a half-wave is reduced compared to the total duration of the half-wave. Indeed, as represented on the figure 1 , when a 400 Volt coil is fed by a mains voltage of 400V, there are then two periods Zpe during which the grid voltage is lower than the efficiency threshold of the coil. The duration Ze during which the coil is fully effective is thus reduced compared to the total duration of the half-wave.

Certaines solutions connues redressent la tension du réseau pour garantir une tension d'alimentation de la bobine supérieur au seuil d'efficacité de la bobine. L'utilisation indispensable de condensateur pour redresser la tension peut cependant présenter certains inconvénients. En outre, la fiabilité des condensateurs dans le temps peut être remise en cause. De plus, lorsque les actionneurs tels que décrits dans les documents FR2568715 , EP1009003 , EP1009004 modulent la tension d'alimentation selon une modulation d'impulsion en largeur de type PWM, alors les variations instantanées de tension dV/dt sont souvent très importantes et peuvent conduire à du rayonnement CEM nuisibles.Some known solutions correct the mains voltage to ensure a supply voltage of the coil greater than the efficiency threshold of the coil. The necessary use of a capacitor for rectifying the voltage may, however, have certain disadvantages. In addition, the reliability of capacitors over time can be questioned. In addition, when the actuators as described in the documents FR2568715 , EP1009003 , EP1009004 modulate the supply voltage according to PWM type pulse width modulation, then instantaneous voltage variations dV / dt are often very large and can lead to harmful EMC radiation.

En outre, le besoin d'utiliser les actionneurs électromagnétiques avec de larges plages de tension d'alimentation devient aussi une priorité. Les solutions des documents FR2568715 , EP1009003 , EP1009004 utilisant des moyens de régulation de type PWM sont alors systématiquement confrontées au problème ci-dessus.In addition, the need to use electromagnetic actuators with wide voltage supply ranges is also becoming a priority. Document solutions FR2568715 , EP1009003 , EP1009004 using PWM type control means are then systematically confronted with the problem above.

Ainsi, la conception d'actionneur électromagnétique dont le fonctionnement est à la fois optimal en termes de consommation électrique et en termes de plage de tension d'utilisation reste très difficile. Les progrès réalisés dans un des deux axes de développement se font généralement au détriment de l'autre. Il y a aussi le volet « fiabilité »qui rentre en jeu.Thus, the electromagnetic actuator design whose operation is both optimal in terms of power consumption and in terms of operating voltage range remains very difficult. Progress in one of the two areas of development is usually to the detriment of the other. There is also the reliability component that comes into play.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

L'invention vise donc à remédier aux inconvénients de l'état de la technique, de manière à proposer un actionneur électromagnétique à haut rendement énergétique.The invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide an electromagnetic actuator with high energy efficiency.

Le bloc fonctionnel de mesure de l'actionneur électromagnétique selon l'invention comporte des moyens de comparaison de la tension fonctionnement à au moins un seuil de tension prédéfini. L'actionneur comporte des moyens de commande aptes à agir, au cours d'une même alternance, sur les moyens de commutation pour connecter au moins une première bobine lorsque la tension de fonctionnement est inférieure à un premier seuil ou pour connecter au moins une seconde bobine lorsque la tension de fonctionnement est supérieur à au premier seuil.The functional block for measuring the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention comprises means for comparing the operating voltage with at least one predefined voltage threshold. The actuator comprises control means able to act, during a single alternation, on the switching means for connecting at least one first coil when the operating voltage is lower than a first threshold or for connecting at least one second coil when the operating voltage is greater than the first threshold.

Selon un second mode de fonctionnement de l'invention, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte des moyens de commande aptes à agir, au cours d'une même alternance, sur les moyens de commutation pour

  • connecter au moins une première bobine lorsque la tension de fonctionnement est inférieur à un premier seuil ;
  • connecter au moins une seconde bobine lorsque la tension de fonctionnement est supérieur à un premier seuil et inférieur à un second seuil ;
  • connecter au moins deux bobines en série lorsque la tension de fonctionnement est supérieure au second seuil.
According to a second mode of operation of the invention, the electromagnetic actuator comprises control means able to act, during the same alternation, on the switching means for
  • connect at least a first coil when the operating voltage is lower than a first threshold;
  • connecting at least one second coil when the operating voltage is greater than a first threshold and less than a second threshold;
  • connect at least two coils in series when the operating voltage is higher than the second threshold.

Le bloc fonctionnel de mesure comporte des moyens de comparaison de la tension fonctionnement à au moins deux seuils de tension prédéfini.The measurement functional block comprises means for comparing the operating voltage with at least two predefined voltage thresholds.

Selon un troisième mode de fonctionnement de l'invention, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte des moyens de commande aptes à agir, au cours d'une même alternance, sur les moyens de commutation pour

  • connecter au moins deux bobines en parallèle lorsque la tension de fonctionnement est inférieure à un premier seuil de tension ;
  • connecter au moins une première bobine lorsque la tension de fonctionnement est supérieur à un premier seuil et inférieur à un second seuil ;
  • connecter au moins une seconde bobine lorsque la tension de fonctionnement est supérieur à un second seuil et inférieur à un troisième seuil ;
  • connecter au moins deux bobines en série lorsque la tension de fonctionnement est supérieure au troisième seuil ;
    le bloc fonctionnel de mesure comportant des moyens de comparaison de la tension fonctionnement à au moins trois seuils de tension prédéfini.
According to a third mode of operation of the invention, the electromagnetic actuator comprises control means able to act, during the same alternation, on the switching means for
  • connect at least two coils in parallel when the operating voltage is lower than a first voltage threshold;
  • connect at least one first coil when the operating voltage is greater than a first threshold and lower than a second threshold;
  • connecting at least one second coil when the operating voltage is greater than a second threshold and less than a third threshold;
  • connect at least two coils in series when the operating voltage is greater than the third threshold;
    the measurement functional block comprising means for comparing the operating voltage with at least three predefined voltage thresholds.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'actionneur comporte au moins une première et une seconde bobine connectées entre elles en série entre une première et seconde borne d'alimentation. Les moyens de commutation comportent un premier moyen d'ouverture connecté entre une seconde borne la première bobine et la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension, une première borne de la première bobine étant connectée à la première borne d'alimentation en tension, Un second moyen d'ouverture est connecté entre la première borne d'alimentation en tension et la première borne de la seconde bobine, une seconde borne de la deuxième bobine étant connectée à la deuxième borne d'alimentation en tension. Au moins une diode de roue libre est connectée entre la second borne d'alimentation en tension et la première borne d'alimentation. Les deux moyens d'ouverture sont disposés pour recevoir des ordres d'une unité de contrôle de manière à se placer respectivement dans un état d'ouverture ou de fermeture ;

  • les bobines étant en mode série lorsque les premier et second moyens d'ouverture sont ouverts,
  • les bobines étant en mode parallèle lorsque les premier et second moyens d'ouverture sont fermés ;
  • le bobine étant déconnecté lorsque le second moyen d'ouverture est fermé et le premier moyen d'ouverture étant ouvert,
  • le bobine étant déconnecté lorsque le premier moyen d'ouverture est fermé et le second moyen d'ouverture étant ouvert.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the actuator comprises at least a first and a second coil connected together in series between a first and second supply terminal. The switching means comprise a first opening means connected between a second terminal the first coil and the second voltage supply terminal, a first terminal of the first coil being connected to the first voltage supply terminal, A second aperture means is connected between the first voltage supply terminal and the first terminal of the second coil, a second terminal of the second coil being connected to the second voltage supply terminal. At least one freewheeling diode is connected between the second voltage supply terminal and the first power supply terminal. The two opening means are arranged to receive commands from a control unit so as to place themselves respectively in an open or closed state;
  • the coils being in series mode when the first and second opening means are open,
  • the coils being in parallel mode when the first and second opening means are closed;
  • the coil being disconnected when the second opening means is closed and the first opening means being open,
  • the coil being disconnected when the first opening means is closed and the second opening means being open.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, une troisième bobine est connectée en série avec les première et seconde bobines entre la première et seconde borne d'alimentation. Un troisième moyen d'ouverture est connecté entre la première borne d'alimentation en tension et la première borne de la troisième bobine. Ladite troisième bobine a une seconde borne reliée à la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension. Un quatrième moyen d'ouverture est connecté entre la seconde borne de la seconde bobine et la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, a third coil is connected in series with the first and second coils between the first and second power supply terminals. A third opening means is connected between the first voltage supply terminal and the first terminal of the third coil. The third coil has a second terminal connected to the second voltage supply terminal. A fourth opening means is connected between the second terminal of the second coil and the second voltage supply terminal.

Selon une variante de réalisation, l'actionneur comporte une première et une seconde bobine connectées entre elles en parallèle entre une première et seconde borne d'alimentation. Un premier moyen d'ouverture est connecté entre une première borne de la première bobine et la première borne d'alimentation en tension A, la seconde borne de la première bobine est connectée à la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension. Un second moyen d'ouverture étant connecté entre la première borne d'alimentation en tension et la première borne de la seconde bobine, la seconde borne de la deuxième bobine étant connectée à la deuxième borne d'alimentation en tension. La première bobine étant connectée lorsque le premier moyen d'ouverture est fermé et la seconde bobine étant connectée lorsque le deuxième moyen d'ouverture est fermé.According to an alternative embodiment, the actuator comprises a first and a second coil connected together in parallel between a first and second supply terminal. A first opening means is connected between a first terminal of the first coil and the first voltage supply terminal A, the second terminal of the first coil is connected to the second voltage supply terminal. A second opening means being connected between the first voltage supply terminal and the first terminal of the second coil, the second terminal of the second coil being connected to the second voltage supply terminal. The first coil is connected when the first opening means is closed and the second coil is connected when the second opening means is closed.

Avantageusement, les bobines comportent des seuils d'efficacité en tension identiques ou distincts.Advantageously, the coils comprise identical or distinct voltage efficiency thresholds.

Avantageusement, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte des moyens de régulation aptes à moduler la tension fournie aux dits bobines selon une modulation d'impulsion en largeur de type PWM.Advantageously, the electromagnetic actuator comprises regulating means capable of modulating the voltage supplied to said coils according to PWM type pulse width modulation.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et représentés aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • les figures 1 à 3 représentent des courbes traçant l'évolution de la tension d'alimentation de différentes bobines selon des modes de réalisation connus ;
  • la figure 4 représente un schéma électrique d'un actionneur électromagnétique à au moins deux bobines selon un premier mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 5 représente un courbe traçant l'évolution de la tension d'alimentation de l'actionneur électromagnétique selon la figure 4 ;
  • la figure 6 représente un schéma électrique d'un variante du premier mode de réalisation de l'actionneur électromagnétique selon la figure 4 ;
  • la figure 7 représente une vue en perspective d'un mode particulier de réalisation d'un actionneur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 8 représente un schéma électrique d'un actionneur électromagnétique à au moins deux bobines selon un second mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 9 représente un courbe traçant l'évolution de la tension d'alimentation de l'actionneur électromagnétique selon la figure 8 ;
  • la figure 10 représente un schéma électrique d'un actionneur électromagnétique à au moins deux bobines selon un troisième mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 11 représente un courbe traçant l'évolution de la tension d'alimentation de l'actionneur électromagnétique selon la figure 10 ;
  • la figure 12 représente une mesure comparative de l'efficacité d'un actionneur à deux bobines selon l'invention et d'un actionneur connu à une bobine ;
  • la figure 13 représente une mesure comparative de l'efficacité d'un actionneur à trois bobines selon l'invention et d'un actionneur connu à une bobine ;
  • la figure 14 représente un schéma électrique d'un actionneur électromagnétique à au moins trois bobines selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples, and represented in the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the Figures 1 to 3 represent curves plotting the evolution of the supply voltage of different coils according to known embodiments;
  • the figure 4 represents a circuit diagram of an electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 5 represents a curve plotting the evolution of the supply voltage of the electromagnetic actuator according to the figure 4 ;
  • the figure 6 represents a circuit diagram of a variant of the first embodiment of the electromagnetic actuator according to the figure 4 ;
  • the figure 7 represents a perspective view of a particular embodiment of an actuator according to one embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 8 represents a circuit diagram of an electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 9 represents a curve plotting the evolution of the supply voltage of the electromagnetic actuator according to the figure 8 ;
  • the figure 10 represents an electrical diagram of an electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils according to a third preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 11 represents a curve plotting the evolution of the supply voltage of the electromagnetic actuator according to the figure 10 ;
  • the figure 12 represents a comparative measurement of the efficiency of a two-coil actuator according to the invention and a known actuator to a coil;
  • the figure 13 represents a comparative measurement of the efficiency of a three-coil actuator according to the invention and of a known actuator to a coil;
  • the figure 14 represents a circuit diagram of an electromagnetic actuator with at least three coils according to another embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT

Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention tel que représenté sur la figure 4, l'actionneur électromagnétique comprend un circuit magnétique formé d'une culasse ferromagnétique 2 et d'un noyau ferromagnétique mobile 3. L'actionneur comporte au moins deux bobines L1, L2 comportant respectivement leur propre seuil d'efficacité en tension U1, U2.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention as represented on the figure 4 , the electromagnetic actuator comprises a magnetic circuit formed by a ferromagnetic yoke 2 and a movable ferromagnetic core 3. The actuator comprises at least two coils L1, L2 respectively having their own voltage efficiency threshold U1, U2.

On entend par seuil d'efficacité d'une bobine d'un actionneur un seuil de tension en dessous duquel la bobine alimentée ne fournira plus un flux magnétique suffisant pour faire fonctionner l'actionneur selon les spécifications du constructeur. A titre d'exemple, une bobine qui a une tension de fonctionnement égale à 400 volts a un seuil d'efficacité sensiblement égal à 200 Volts.The efficiency threshold of a coil of an actuator means a voltage threshold below which the energized coil will no longer provide sufficient magnetic flux to operate the actuator according to the manufacturer's specifications. For example, a coil that has an operating voltage equal to 400 volts has an efficiency threshold substantially equal to 200 volts.

Les bobines L1, L2 peuvent comporter des seuils d'efficacité en tension identiques ou distincts.The coils L1, L2 may comprise identical or distinct voltage efficiency thresholds.

Comme représenté sur les figures 4, 6, 8 et 10, l'actionneur électromagnétique comprend des moyens de commande 20 des bobines L1, L2 autorisant le fonctionnement avec une seule bobine ou avec plusieurs bobines connectées entre elles dans une position série ou une position parallèle. Le fonctionnement avec une ou plusieurs bobines dépend d'une valeur d'une tension fonctionnement UAB en fonction d'au moins une valeur de seuil de tension prédéfini S1, S2, S3.As shown on figures 4 , 6 , 8 and 10 , the electromagnetic actuator comprises control means 20 of the coils L1, L2 allowing operation with a single coil or with several coils connected together in a series position or a parallel position. Operation with one or more coils depends on a value of an operating voltage U AB as a function of at least one predefined voltage threshold value S1, S2, S3.

L'actionneur électromagnétique comprend un bloc fonctionnel de mesure 25 de la tension de fonctionnement UAB. La tension de fonctionnement UAB entre la première et seconde borne d'alimentation en tension A, B est une tension sinusoïdale redressée. La tension mesurée par ledit bloc varie au cours d'une alternance redressée entre une tension minimale Umin à une tension maximale Umax. A titre d'exemple, la tension minimale Umin est nulle.The electromagnetic actuator comprises a functional block for measuring the operating voltage U AB . The operating voltage U AB between the first and second voltage supply terminal A, B is a rectified sinusoidal voltage. The voltage measured by said block varies during a rectified alternation between a minimum voltage Umin at a maximum voltage Umax. For example, the minimum voltage Umin is zero.

Le bloc fonctionnel de mesure 25 comporte des moyens de comparaison de la tension fonctionnement UAB à au moins un seuil de tension prédéfini S1, S2, S3. Le dispositif fonctionne à base d'un pont diviseur à n résistances R1, R2, R3, Rn, Rp. Le pont permet de mesurer au moins une première tension d'entrée E1. Ladite première tension d'entrée E1 est comparée à une tension de référence interne VRef liée à un comparateur C1. Si la première tension d'entrée E1 est égale à la valeur de référence VRef, cela signifie que le premier seuil S1 est atteint et le bloc fonctionnel de mesure 25 peut envoyer une information aux moyens de commande 20.The measurement function block 25 comprises means for comparing the operating voltage U AB with at least one predefined voltage threshold S1, S2, S3. The device operates on the basis of a divider bridge with n resistors R1, R2, R3, Rn, Rp. The bridge makes it possible to measure at least a first input voltage E1. Said first input voltage E1 is compared with an internal reference voltage VRef linked to a comparator C1. If the first input voltage E1 is equal to the reference value VRef, this means that the first threshold S1 is reached and the measurement function block 25 can send information to the control means 20.

Selon les modes de réalisation de l'invention, L'actionneur électromagnétique comporte au moins une première et une seconde bobine L1, L2 connectées entre elles en parallèle ou en série entre une première et seconde borne d'alimentation A, B.According to the embodiments of the invention, the electromagnetic actuator comprises at least a first and a second coil L1, L2 connected between they are connected in parallel or in series between a first and a second supply terminal A, B.

Au moins une diode de roue libre DA est connectée entre la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension B et la première borne d'alimentation A. Autrement dit la diode DA n'est donc pas passante lorsque la première borne d'alimentation en tension A est alimentée avec une tension positive.At least one freewheeling diode DA is connected between the second voltage supply terminal B and the first supply terminal A. In other words, the diode DA is not conducting when the first voltage supply terminal A is connected. is powered with a positive voltage.

Les moyens de commutation comportent au moins un premier moyen d'ouverture T1 et au moins un second moyen d'ouverture T2. A titre d'exemple de réalisation non représenté les moyens d'ouvertures sont des transistors bipolaires. Lesdits au moins deux moyens d'ouverture T1, T2 sont connecté au moyens de commande 20 et sont ainsi disposés pour recevoir des ordres et se placer respectivement dans un état d'ouverture ou de fermeture.The switching means comprise at least a first opening means T1 and at least a second opening means T2. By way of non-illustrated embodiment, the opening means are bipolar transistors. Said at least two opening means T1, T2 are connected to the control means 20 and are thus arranged to receive orders and to be placed respectively in an open or closed state.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, le bloc fonctionnel de mesure 25 comporte des moyens de comparaison de la tension de fonctionnement (UAB) à un seuil de tension prédéfini S1.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the measurement functional block 25 comprises means for comparing the operating voltage (U AB ) with a predefined voltage threshold S1.

A titre d'exemple, le pont diviseur comporte deux résistances R1, RP et permet alors de mesurer une première tension d'entrée E1. Ladite première tension d'entrée E1 est comparée à une tension de référence interne VRef liée à un comparateur C1.For example, the divider bridge has two resistors R1, RP and then makes it possible to measure a first input voltage E1. Said first input voltage E1 is compared with an internal reference voltage VRef linked to a comparator C1.

A titre d'exemple, le premier seuil de tension prédéfini S1 est égal par exemple à 200 Volts. Selon ce même exemple de fonctionnement, les deux bobines L1, L2 ont alors respectivement des tensions de fonctionnement égales à 200 et 400 Volts. Les seuils d'efficacité desdits bobines sont alors sensiblement égaux à 100 et 200 Volts. Enfin, La tension de référence VRef peut être fixée à 5 Volts. Le calcul des résistances R1, RP du pont diviseur a été réalisé de telle sorte que lorsqu'on applique par exemple une tension fonctionnement UAB entre les bornes d'alimentation A, B égale à 200 V, on obtient une première tension d'entrée E1 de 5V. Cette première tension d'entrée E1 étant égale à Vref, le bloc fonctionnel de mesure 25 peut envoyer une information aux moyens de commande 20.By way of example, the first predefined voltage threshold S1 is equal to, for example, 200 volts. According to this same example of operation, the two coils L1, L2 then respectively have operating voltages equal to 200 and 400 volts. The efficiency thresholds of said coils are then substantially equal to 100 and 200 volts. Finally, the reference voltage VRef can be set at 5 volts. The computation of the resistors R1, RP of the divider bridge has been carried out so that when, for example, an operating voltage U AB is applied between the supply terminals A, B equal to 200 V, a first input voltage is obtained. E1 of 5V. This first input voltage E1 being equal to Vref, the measurement functional block 25 can send information to the control means 20.

Selon ce mode de réalisation de l'invention tel que représenté sur la figure 4, les moyens de commande 20 aptes à agir sur les moyens de commutation pour :

  • connecter au moins une première bobine L1 lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB est inférieure à un premier seuil S1 ;
  • connecter au moins une seconde bobine L2 lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB est supérieur audit premier seuil S1.
According to this embodiment of the invention as represented on the figure 4 , the control means 20 able to act on the switching means for:
  • connect at least a first coil L1 when the operating voltage U AB is lower than a first threshold S1;
  • connect at least a second coil L2 when the operating voltage U AB is greater than said first threshold S1.

Au titre d'un premier exemple de réalisation tel que représenté sur la figure 4, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte au moins une première et une seconde bobine L1, L2 connectées entre elles en série entre une première et seconde borne d'alimentation A, B. Le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 est alors connecté entre une seconde borne L1B de la première bobine L1 et la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension B. Une première borne L1A de la première bobine L1 est connectée à la première borne d'alimentation en tension A. Le second moyen d'ouverture T2 est connecté entre la première borne d'alimentation en tension A et la première borne L2A de la seconde bobine L2. Selon ce mode de réalisation, la première bobine L1 est déconnectée lorsque le second moyen d'ouverture T2 est fermé. Seule la seconde bobine L2 est alors fonctionnelle, le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 étant alors ouvert. La seconde bobine L2 est déconnectée lorsque le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 est fermé. Seule la première bobine L1 est alors fonctionnelle, le second moyen d'ouverture T2 étant alors ouvert. Une diode D1 est alors connectée entre la seconde borne L1B de la première bobine L1 et première borne L2A de la seconde bobine L2. Cette diode D1 permet d'éviter un court-circuit entre les bornes d'alimentation lorsque les premier et second moyen d'ouverture T1 et T2 sont fermés.As a first example of embodiment as shown in the figure 4 , the electromagnetic actuator comprises at least a first and a second coil L1, L2 connected together in series between a first and a second supply terminal A, B. The first opening means T1 is then connected between a second terminal L1B of the first coil L1 and the second voltage supply terminal B. A first terminal L1A of the first coil L1 is connected to the first voltage supply terminal A. The second opening means T2 is connected between the first voltage supply terminal A and the first terminal L2A of the second coil L2. According to this embodiment, the first coil L1 is disconnected when the second opening means T2 is closed. Only the second coil L2 is then functional, the first opening means T1 then being open. The second coil L2 is disconnected when the first opening means T1 is closed. Only the first coil L1 is then functional, the second opening means T2 then being open. A diode D1 is then connected between the second terminal L1B of the first coil L1 and first terminal L2A of the second coil L2. This diode D1 makes it possible to avoid a short circuit between the supply terminals when the first and second opening means T1 and T2 are closed.

Dans une première phase de fonctionnement, lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB varie de 0 à 200 Volts, les moyens de commande 20 commutent le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 dans une position de fermeture et commutent le second moyen d'ouverture T2 dans une position d'ouverture. Ainsi, la seconde bobine L2 est déconnectée et seule la première bobine L1 est alors fonctionnelle. Globalement, l'actionneur est alors peu efficace pendant une durée Zpe, notamment quand la tension varie entre 0 et 100 Volts. L'actionneur devient efficace pendant une durée Ze, notamment quand la tension a une valeur supérieure au seuil d'efficacité de la première bobine L1.In a first phase of operation, when the operating voltage U AB varies from 0 to 200 volts, the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into a closed position and switch the second opening means T2 into a closed position. opening position. Thus, the second coil L2 is disconnected and only the first coil L1 is then functional. Overall, the actuator is then inefficient for a period of time Zpe, especially when the voltage varies between 0 and 100 Volts. The actuator becomes effective for a duration Ze, especially when the voltage has a value greater than the efficiency threshold of the first coil L1.

Dans une seconde phase de fonctionnement, au-delà au delà de la tension de fonctionnement de la première bobine L1 (200 Volts), les moyens de commande 20 commutent le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 dans une position de d'ouverture et commutent le second moyen d'ouverture T2 dans une position de fermeture. Ainsi, la première bobine L1 est à présent déconnectée et seule la seconde bobine L2 est alors fonctionnelle. De 200 à 400 Volts, la tension de fonctionnement UAB est alors comprise entre le seuil d'efficacité de la tension de fonctionnement de la seconde bobine L2.In a second phase of operation, beyond the operating voltage of the first coil L1 (200 volts), the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into an open position and switch the second opening means T2 in a closed position. Thus, the first coil L1 is now disconnected and only the second coil L2 is then functional. From 200 to 400 volts, the operating voltage U AB is then between the efficiency threshold of the operating voltage of the second coil L2.

Enfin, Dans une troisième phase de fonctionnement, lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB redevient inférieure à 200 Volts, les moyens de commande 20 re-commutent le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 dans une position de fermeture et re-commutent le second moyen d'ouverture T2 dans une position d'ouverture. Ainsi, la seconde bobine L2 est de nouveau déconnectée et seule la première bobine L1 est alors fonctionnelle.Finally, in a third phase of operation, when the operating voltage U AB becomes less than 200 volts, the control means 20 re-switch the first opening means T1 in a closed position and re-switch the second means of opening. opening T2 in an open position. Thus, the second coil L2 is disconnected again and only the first coil L1 is then functional.

A titre d'un second exemple de réalisation tel que représenté sur la figure 6, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte une première et une seconde bobine L1, L2 connectées entre elles en parallèle entre une première et seconde borne d'alimentation A, B. Le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 est connecté entre une première borne L1A de la première bobine L1 et la première borne d'alimentation en tension A. La seconde borne L1 B de la première bobine L1 est connectée à la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension B. Le second moyen d'ouverture T2 est connecté entre la première borne d'alimentation en tension A et la première borne L2A de la seconde bobine L2. La seconde borne L2B de la deuxième bobine L2 est connectée à la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension B. La première bobine L1 est connectée lorsque le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 est fermé. La seconde bobine L2 est connectée lorsque le deuxième moyen d'ouverture T2 est fermé.As a second example of embodiment as shown in the figure 6 the electromagnetic actuator comprises a first and a second coil L1, L2 connected together in parallel between a first and a second power supply terminal A, B. The first opening means T1 is connected between a first terminal L1A of the first coil L1 and the first voltage supply terminal A. The second terminal L1 B of the first coil L1 is connected to the second voltage supply terminal B. The second opening means T2 is connected between the first terminal of voltage supply A and the first terminal L2A of the second coil L2. The second terminal L2B of the second coil L2 is connected to the second voltage supply terminal B. The first coil L1 is connected when the first opening means T1 is closed. The second coil L2 is connected when the second opening means T2 is closed.

Selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, le bloc fonctionnel de mesure 25 comporte des moyens de comparaison de la tension de fonctionnement (UAB) à deux seuils de tension prédéfinis S1 et S2. A titre d'exemple, le pont diviseur comporte trois résistances R1, R2, RP et permet alors de mesurer une première et une seconde tension d'entrée E1 et E2. Lesdites première et seconde tensions d'entrée E1 et E2 sont respectivement comparées à une tension de référence interne VRef liée à des comparateurs C1 et C2.According to a second embodiment of the invention, the functional block of measurement 25 comprises means for comparing the operating voltage (U AB ) with two predefined voltage thresholds S1 and S2. For example, the divider bridge has three resistors R1, R2, RP and then makes it possible to measure a first and a second input voltage E1 and E2. Said first and second input voltages E1 and E2 are respectively compared with an internal reference voltage VRef linked to comparators C1 and C2.

A titre d'exemple de réalisation, cette tension de référence VRef peut être fixée à 5 Volts et les deux seuils prédéfinis S1 et S2 sont respectivement égaux à 140V et 260V. Le calcul des résistances R1, R2, RP du pont diviseur a été réalisé de telle sorte que lorsqu'on applique par exemple une tension de fonctionnement UAB entre les bornes d'alimentation A, B égale à 140 V, on obtient une première tension d'entrée E1 de 5V. Cette première tension d'entrée E1 étant égale à Vref, le bloc fonctionnel de mesure 25 peut envoyer une information aux moyens de commande 20. Lorsqu'on applique par exemple la tension de fonctionnement UAB égale à 260 V, on obtient une seconde tension E2 d'entrée de 5V. Cette seconde tension d'entrée E2 étant égale à la tension de référence Vref, le bloc fonctionnel de mesure 25 peut envoyer une information aux moyens de commande 20. Selon ce même exemple de réalisation, les deux bobines L1, L2 ont alors respectivement des tensions de fonctionnement égales à 140 et 260 Volts. Les seuils d'efficacité desdits bobines sont alors sensiblement égaux à 70 et 130 Volts.As an exemplary embodiment, this reference voltage VRef can be set at 5 volts and the two predefined thresholds S1 and S2 are respectively equal to 140V and 260V. The computation of the resistors R1, R2, RP of the divider bridge has been carried out so that when, for example, an operating voltage U AB is applied between the supply terminals A, B equal to 140 V, a first voltage is obtained. E1 input of 5V. This first input voltage E1 being equal to Vref, the measurement functional block 25 can send information to the control means 20. When, for example, the operating voltage U AB equal to 260 V is applied, a second voltage is obtained. E2 input of 5V. This second input voltage E2 being equal to the reference voltage Vref, the measurement functional block 25 can send information to the control means 20. According to this same embodiment, the two coils L1, L2 then have respective voltages. operating at 140 and 260 volts. The efficiency thresholds of said coils are then substantially equal to 70 and 130 volts.

Selon ce mode de réalisation de l'invention tel que représenté sur la figure 8, les moyens de commande 20 aptes à agir sur les moyens de commutation pour :

  • connecter au moins une première bobine L1 lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB est inférieur à un premier seuil S1 ;
  • connecter au moins une seconde bobine L2 lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB est supérieur à un premier seuil S1 et inférieur à un second seuil S2 ;
  • connecter au moins deux bobines en série L1, L2 lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB est supérieure au second seuil S2.
According to this embodiment of the invention as represented on the figure 8 , the control means 20 able to act on the switching means for:
  • connect at least a first coil L1 when the operating voltage U AB is lower than a first threshold S1;
  • connect at least a second coil L2 when the operating voltage U AB is greater than a first threshold S1 and lower than a second threshold S2;
  • connect at least two coils in series L1, L2 when the operating voltage U AB is greater than the second threshold S2.

Au titre d'un exemple de réalisation tel que représenté sur la figure 8, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte alors au moins une première et un seconde bobine L1, L2 connectées entre elles en série entre une première et seconde bornes d'alimentation A, B. Le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 est alors connecté entre une seconde borne L1B de la première bobine L1 et la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension B. Une première borne L1A de la première bobine L1 est connectée à la première borne d'alimentation en tension A. Le second moyen d'ouverture T2 est connecté entre la première borne d'alimentation en tension A et la première borne L2A de la seconde bobine L2. Une seconde borne L2B de la deuxième bobine L2 est connectée à la deuxième borne d'alimentation en tension B. Selon ce mode de réalisation, la première bobine L1 est déconnectée lorsque le second moyen d'ouverture T2 est fermé. Seule la seconde bobine L2 est alors fonctionnelle, le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 étant alors ouvert. La seconde bobine L2 est déconnectée lorsque le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 est fermé. Seule la première bobine L1 est alors fonctionnelle, le second moyen d'ouverture T2 étant alors ouvert. Une diode D1 est alors connectée entre la seconde borne L1B de la première bobine L1 et première borne L2A de la seconde bobine L2. Cette diode D1 permet d'éviter un court-circuit entre les bornes d'alimentation lorsque les premier et second moyen d'ouverture T1 et T2 sont fermés.As an example of embodiment as shown on the figure 8 the electromagnetic actuator then comprises at least a first and a second coil L1, L2 connected together in series between a first and second supply terminals A, B. The first opening means T1 is then connected between a second terminal L1B of the first coil L1 and the second voltage supply terminal B. A first terminal L1A of the first coil L1 is connected to the first voltage supply terminal A. The second opening means T2 is connected between the first voltage supply terminal A and the first terminal L2A of the second coil L2. A second terminal L2B of the second coil L2 is connected to the second voltage supply terminal B. According to this embodiment, the first coil L1 is disconnected when the second opening means T2 is closed. Only the second coil L2 is then functional, the first opening means T1 then being open. The second coil L2 is disconnected when the first opening means T1 is closed. Only the first coil L1 is then functional, the second opening means T2 then being open. A diode D1 is then connected between the second terminal L1B of the first coil L1 and first terminal L2A of the second coil L2. This diode D1 makes it possible to avoid a short circuit between the supply terminals when the first and second opening means T1 and T2 are closed.

Dans une première phase de fonctionnement, lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB varie de 0 à 140 Volts, les moyens de commande 20 commutent le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 dans une position de fermeture et commutent le second moyen d'ouverture T2 dans une position d'ouverture. Ainsi, la seconde bobine L2 est déconnectée et seule la première bobine L1 est alors fonctionnelle. Globalement, l'actionneur est alors peu efficace entre 0 et 70 Volts et devient efficace au-delà du seuil d'efficacité de la première bobine L1.In a first phase of operation, when the operating voltage U AB varies from 0 to 140 volts, the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into a closed position and switch the second opening means T2 into a closed position. opening position. Thus, the second coil L2 is disconnected and only the first coil L1 is then functional. Overall, the actuator is then inefficient between 0 and 70 volts and becomes effective beyond the efficiency threshold of the first coil L1.

Dans une seconde phase de fonctionnement, au-delà au delà de la tension de fonctionnement de la première bobine L1 (140 Volts), les moyens de commande 20 commutent le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 dans une position de d'ouverture et commutent le second moyen d'ouverture T2 dans une position de fermeture. Ainsi, la première bobine L1 est à présent déconnectée et seule la seconde bobine L2 est alors fonctionnelle. De 140 à 260 Volts, la tension de fonctionnement UAB est alors sensiblement comprise entre le seuil d'efficacité de la tension de fonctionnement de la seconde bobine L2.In a second phase of operation, beyond the operating voltage of the first coil L1 (140 volts), the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into an open position and switch the second opening means T2 in a closed position. Thus, the first coil L1 is now disconnected and only the second L2 coil is then functional. From 140 to 260 volts, the operating voltage U AB is then substantially between the efficiency threshold of the operating voltage of the second coil L2.

Dans une troisième phase de fonctionnement, au-delà au delà de la tension de fonctionnement de la seconde bobine L2 (260 Volts), les moyens de commande 20 commutent les premier et second moyens d'ouverture T1, T2 dans une position d'ouverture de manière à ce que les deux bobines L1, L2 soient en mode série. La tension de fonctionnement équivalente des deux bobines en série est alors égale à 400 Volts. Globalement, l'actionneur est pleinement efficace car la tension de fonctionnement UAB est alors comprise entre le seuil d'efficacité et la tension de fonctionnement équivalent des bobines L1, L2 connectés en série (260 - 400 Volts).In a third phase of operation, beyond the operating voltage of the second coil L2 (260 volts), the control means 20 switch the first and second opening means T1, T2 in an open position so that the two coils L1, L2 are in serial mode. The equivalent operating voltage of the two coils in series is then equal to 400 volts. Overall, the actuator is fully effective because the operating voltage U AB is then between the efficiency threshold and the equivalent operating voltage of the coils L1, L2 connected in series (260 - 400 volts).

Dans une quatrième phase de fonctionnement, lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB redevient inférieure à 260 Volts, les moyens de commande 20 re-commutent le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 dans une position de d'ouverture et re-commutent le second moyen d'ouverture T2 dans une position de fermeture. Ainsi, la première bobine L1 est à présent déconnectée et seule la seconde bobine L2 est alors fonctionnelle. De 260 à 140 Volts, la tension de fonctionnement UAB est alors sensiblement comprise entre le seuil d'efficacité et la tension de fonctionnement de la seconde bobine L2.In a fourth phase of operation, when the operating voltage U AB becomes less than 260 volts, the control means 20 re-switch the first opening means T1 in an open position and re-switch the second means of opening. opening T2 in a closed position. Thus, the first coil L1 is now disconnected and only the second coil L2 is then functional. From 260 to 140 volts, the operating voltage U AB is then substantially between the efficiency threshold and the operating voltage of the second coil L2.

Dans une dernière phase de fonctionnement, lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB varie de 140 à 0 Volts, les moyens de commande 20 re-commutent le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 dans une position de fermeture et re-commutent le second moyen d'ouverture T2 dans une position d'ouverture. Ainsi, la seconde bobine L2 est déconnectée et seule la première bobine L1 est alors fonctionnelle. Globalement, l'actionneur est efficace entre 140 et 70 Volts.In a last phase of operation, when the operating voltage U AB varies from 140 to 0 volts, the control means 20 re-switch the first opening means T1 in a closed position and re-switch the second means of opening T2 in an open position. Thus, the second coil L2 is disconnected and only the first coil L1 is then functional. Overall, the actuator is effective between 140 and 70 volts.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, le bloc fonctionnel de mesure 25 comporte des moyens de comparaison de la tension de fonctionnement (UAB) à trois seuils de tension prédéfinis S1, S2 et S3. A titre d'exemple, le pont diviseur comporte quatre résistances R1, R2, R3, Rp et permet alors de mesurer une première, une seconde et une troisième tension d'entrée E1, E2 et E3. Lesdites première, seconde et troisième tensions d'entrée E1, E2 et E3 sont respectivement comparées à une tension de référence interne VRef liée à des comparateurs C1, C2 et C3.According to a third embodiment of the invention, the measurement function block 25 comprises means for comparing the operating voltage (U AB ) with three predefined voltage thresholds S1, S2 and S3. For example, the divider bridge has four resistors R1, R2, R3, Rp and then makes it possible to measure a first, a second and a third input voltage. E1, E2 and E3. Said first, second and third input voltages E1, E2 and E3 are respectively compared with an internal reference voltage VRef linked to comparators C1, C2 and C3.

A titre d'exemple de réalisation, cette tension de référence VRef peut être fixée à 5 Volts et les trois seuils prédéfinis S1, S2 et S3 sont respectivement égaux à 91 V, 140 et 260V. Le calcul des résistances R1, R2, R3, RP du pont diviseur a été réalisé de telle sorte que lorsqu'on applique par exemple une tension fonctionnement UAB entre les bornes d'alimentation A, B égale à 91 V, on obtient une première tension d'entrée E1 de 5V. Cette première tension d'entrée E1 étant égale à la tension de référence Vref, le bloc fonctionnel de mesure 25 peut envoyer un ordre de commande aux moyens de commande 20. Lorsqu'on applique par exemple la tension de fonctionnement UAB égale à 140 V, on obtient une seconde tension d'entrée E2 de 5V. Cette seconde tension d'entrée E2 étant égale à la tension de référence Vref, le bloc fonctionnel ,de mesure 25 peut envoyer un ordre de commande aux moyens de commutation 20. Lorsqu'on applique par exemple la tension de fonctionnement UAB égale à 260 V, on obtient une troisième tension d'entrée E3 de 5V. Cette troisième tension d'entrée E3 étant égale à la tension de référence Vref, le bloc fonctionnel de mesure 25 peut envoyer un ordre de commande aux moyens de commutation 20. Selon ce même exemple de réalisation,, les deux bobines L1, L2 ont alors respectivement des tensions de fonctionnement égales à 140 et 260 Volts. Les seuils d'efficacité desdits bobines sont alors sensiblement égaux à 70 et 130 Volts.As an exemplary embodiment, this reference voltage VRef can be set at 5 volts and the three predefined thresholds S1, S2 and S3 are respectively equal to 91 V, 140 and 260V. The computation of the resistors R1, R2, R3, RP of the divider bridge has been carried out so that when, for example, an operating voltage U AB is applied between the supply terminals A, B equal to 91 V, a first input voltage E1 of 5V. As this first input voltage E1 is equal to the reference voltage Vref, the measurement functional block 25 can send a control command to the control means 20. When, for example, the operating voltage U AB equal to 140 V is applied. a second input voltage E2 of 5V is obtained. Since this second input voltage E2 is equal to the reference voltage Vref, the measurement function block 25 can send a control command to the switching means 20. When, for example, the operating voltage U AB equal to 260 is applied. V, a third input voltage E3 of 5V is obtained. This third input voltage E3 being equal to the reference voltage Vref, the measurement function block 25 can send a control command to the switching means 20. According to this same embodiment, the two coils L1, L2 then have respectively operating voltages equal to 140 and 260 volts. The efficiency thresholds of said coils are then substantially equal to 70 and 130 volts.

Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention tel que représenté sur la figure 11, les moyens de commande 20 aptes à agir sur les moyens de commutation pour :

  • connecter au moins deux bobines en parallèle L1, L2 lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB est inférieure à un premier seuil S1 de tension [UlxU2 / (U 1+U2)] ;
  • connecter au moins une première bobine L1 lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB est supérieur à un premier seuil S1 et inférieur à un second seuil S2 [U1] ;
  • connecter au moins une seconde bobine L2 lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB est supérieur à un second seuils S2 et inférieur à un troisième seuil S3 [U2];
  • connecter au moins deux bobines en série L1, L2 lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB est supérieure au troisième seuil S3 .
According to one embodiment of the invention as represented on the figure 11 , the control means 20 able to act on the switching means for:
  • connect at least two coils in parallel L1, L2 when the operating voltage U AB is lower than a first voltage threshold S1 [UlxU2 / (U 1 + U2)];
  • connect at least a first coil L1 when the operating voltage U AB is greater than a first threshold S1 and lower than a second threshold S2 [U1];
  • connect at least a second coil L2 when the operating voltage U AB is greater than a second threshold S2 and less than a third threshold S3 [U2];
  • connect at least two coils in series L1, L2 when the operating voltage U AB is greater than the third threshold S3.

Au titre d'un exemple de réalisation tel que représenté sur la figure 10, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte alors au moins une première et un seconde bobine L1, L2 connectées entre elles en série entre une première et seconde bornes d'alimentation A, B. Le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 est alors connecté entre une seconde borne L1B de la première bobine L1 et la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension B. Une première borne L1 A de la première bobine L1 est connectée à la première borne d'alimentation en tension A. Le second moyen d'ouverture T2 est connecté entre la première borne d'alimentation en tension A et la première borne L2A de la seconde bobine L2. Une seconde borne L2B de la deuxième bobine L2 est connectée à la deuxième borne d'alimentation en tension B. Selon ce mode de réalisation, la première bobine L1 est déconnectée lorsque le second moyen d'ouverture T2 est fermé. Seule la seconde bobine L2 est alors fonctionnelle, le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 étant alors ouvert. La seconde bobine L2 est déconnectée lorsque le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 est fermé. Seule la première bobine L1 est alors fonctionnelle, le second moyen d'ouverture T2 étant alors ouvert. Une diode D1 est alors connectée entre la seconde borne L1B de la première bobine L1 et première borne L2A de la seconde bobine L2. Cette diode D1 permet d'éviter un court-circuit entre les bornes d'alimentation lorsque les premier et second moyen d'ouverture T1 et T2 sont fermés.As an example of embodiment as shown on the figure 10 the electromagnetic actuator then comprises at least a first and a second coil L1, L2 connected together in series between a first and second supply terminals A, B. The first opening means T1 is then connected between a second terminal L1B of the first coil L1 and the second voltage supply terminal B. A first terminal L1A of the first coil L1 is connected to the first voltage supply terminal A. The second opening means T2 is connected between the first voltage supply terminal A and the first terminal L2A of the second coil L2. A second terminal L2B of the second coil L2 is connected to the second voltage supply terminal B. According to this embodiment, the first coil L1 is disconnected when the second opening means T2 is closed. Only the second coil L2 is then functional, the first opening means T1 then being open. The second coil L2 is disconnected when the first opening means T1 is closed. Only the first coil L1 is then functional, the second opening means T2 then being open. A diode D1 is then connected between the second terminal L1B of the first coil L1 and first terminal L2A of the second coil L2. This diode D1 makes it possible to avoid a short circuit between the supply terminals when the first and second opening means T1 and T2 are closed.

Dans une première phase de fonctionnement, lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB varie de 0 à 91 Volts, les moyens de commande 20 commutent les premier et second moyens d'ouverture T1, T2 dans une position de fermeture de manière à ce que les deux bobines L1, L2 soient en mode parallèle. La tension de fonctionnement équivalente des deux bobines en parallèle est alors égale à 91 Volts. Globalement, l'actionneur est alors peu efficace entre 0 et 45,5 Volts et devient efficace au-delà du seuil d'efficacité équivalent des bobines L1, L2 en parallèle.In a first phase of operation, when the operating voltage U AB varies from 0 to 91 volts, the control means 20 switch the first and second opening means T1, T2 in a closed position so that the two coils L1, L2 are in parallel mode. The equivalent operating voltage of the two coils in parallel is then equal to 91 volts. Overall, the actuator is then inefficient between 0 and 45.5 Volts and becomes effective beyond the equivalent efficiency threshold of the coils L1, L2 in parallel.

Dans une seconde phase de fonctionnement, au-delà de la tension de fonctionnement équivalente des deux bobines L1, L2 en parallèle (91 Volts), les moyens de commande 20 commutent le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 dans une position de fermeture et commutent le second moyen d'ouverture T2 dans une position d'ouverture. Ainsi, la seconde bobine L2 est déconnectée et seule la première bobine L1 est alors fonctionnelle. Globalement, l'actionneur est alors efficace car la tension de fonctionnement UAB est comprise entre les seuils d'efficacité et de fonctionnement de la première bobine L1 (70-140 Volts).In a second phase of operation, beyond the equivalent operating voltage of the two coils L1, L2 in parallel (91 volts), the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into a closed position and switch the second opening means T2 in an open position. Thus, the second coil L2 is disconnected and only the first coil L1 is then functional. Overall, the actuator is then effective because the operating voltage U AB is between the thresholds of efficiency and operation of the first coil L1 (70-140 volts).

Dans une troisième phase de fonctionnement, au-delà de la tension de fonctionnement de la première bobine L1 (140 Volts), les moyens de commande 20 commutent le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 dans une position de d'ouverture et commutent le second moyen d'ouverture T2 dans une position de fermeture. Ainsi, la première bobine L1 est à présent déconnectée et seule la seconde bobine L2 est alors fonctionnelle. De 140 à 260 Volts, la tension de fonctionnement UAB est alors comprise entre le seuil d'efficacité et la tension de fonctionnement de la seconde bobine L2 (130-260 Volts).In a third operating phase, beyond the operating voltage of the first coil L1 (140 volts), the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into an open position and switch the second means. opening T2 in a closed position. Thus, the first coil L1 is now disconnected and only the second coil L2 is then functional. From 140 to 260 volts, the operating voltage U AB is then between the efficiency threshold and the operating voltage of the second coil L2 (130-260 volts).

Dans une quatrième phase de fonctionnement, au-delà de la tension de fonctionnement de la seconde bobine L2 (260 Volts), les moyens de commande 20 commutent les premier et second moyens d'ouverture T1, T2 dans une position d'ouverture de manière à ce que les deux bobines L1, L2 soient en mode série. La tension de fonctionnement équivalente des deux bobines en série est alors égale à 400 Volts. Globalement, l'actionneur est pleinement efficace car la tension de fonctionnement UAB est alors comprise entre le seuil d'efficacité et la tension de fonctionnement équivalent des bobines L1, L2 connectés en série (200 - 400 Volts).In a fourth phase of operation, beyond the operating voltage of the second coil L2 (260 volts), the control means 20 switch the first and second opening means T1, T2 in an open position so as to the two coils L1, L2 are in serial mode. The equivalent operating voltage of the two coils in series is then equal to 400 volts. Overall, the actuator is fully effective because the operating voltage U AB is then between the efficiency threshold and the equivalent operating voltage of the coils L1, L2 connected in series (200 - 400 volts).

Dans une cinquième phase de fonctionnement, lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB passe en dessous de la tension de fonctionnement de la seconde bobine L2 (260 Volts), les moyens de commande 20 commutent le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 dans une position de d'ouverture et commutent le second moyen d'ouverture T2 dans une position de fermeture. Ainsi, la première bobine L1 est déconnectée et seule la seconde bobine L2 est alors fonctionnelle. De 260 à 140 Volts, la tension de fonctionnement UAB est alors comprise entre le seuil d'efficacité et la tension de fonctionnement de la seconde bobine L2 (130-260 Volts).In a fifth phase of operation, when the operating voltage U AB falls below the operating voltage of the second coil L2 (260 volts), the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into a position of d 'open and switch the second opening means T2 in a closed position. Thus, the first coil L1 is disconnected and only the second coil L2 is then functional. From 260 to 140 volts, the operating voltage U AB is then between the efficiency threshold and the operating voltage of the second coil L2 (130-260 volts).

Dans une sixième phase de fonctionnement, lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB passe en dessous de la tension de fonctionnement de la première bobine L1 (140 Volts), les moyens de commande 20 commutent le premier moyen d'ouverture T1 dans une position de fermeture et commutent le second moyen d'ouverture T2 dans une position d'ouverture. Ainsi, la seconde bobine L2 est déconnectée et seule la première bobine L1 est alors fonctionnelle. Globalement, l'actionneur est alors efficace car la tension de fonctionnement UAB est comprise entre les seuils d'efficacité et de fonctionnement de la première bobine L1 (70-140 Volts).In a sixth phase of operation, when the operating voltage U AB falls below the operating voltage of the first coil L1 (140 volts), the control means 20 switch the first opening means T1 into a closed position and switch the second opening means T2 into an open position. Thus, the second coil L2 is disconnected and only the first coil L1 is then functional. Overall, the actuator is then effective because the operating voltage U AB is between the thresholds of efficiency and operation of the first coil L1 (70-140 volts).

Enfin, dans une septième et dernière phase de fonctionnement, lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB passe en dessous de la tension de fonctionnement des deux bobines L1 et L2 en parallèle (91 Volts), les moyens de commande 20 commutent les premier et second moyens d'ouverture T1, T2 dans une position de fermeture de manière à ce que les deux bobines L1, L2 soient en mode parallèle. La tension de fonctionnement équivalente des deux bobines en parallèle est alors égale à 91 Volts. Globalement, l'actionneur reste encore efficace entre 91 et 45,5 Volts.Finally, in a seventh and last phase of operation, when the operating voltage U AB falls below the operating voltage of the two coils L1 and L2 in parallel (91 volts), the control means 20 switch the first and second means opening T1, T2 in a closed position so that the two coils L1, L2 are in parallel mode. The equivalent operating voltage of the two coils in parallel is then equal to 91 volts. Overall, the actuator is still efficient between 91 and 45.5 volts.

Comme représenté sur le graphique de la figure 12, l'efficacité de l'actionneur selon l'invention est très satisfaisante sur une large plage de tension. En effet, la courbe en trait plein représente ce que l'on appelle « l'efficacité » de la tension appliquée à un actionneur à une seule bobine. Cette « efficacité » est directement proportionnelle à la tension d'entrée. Ainsi si la tension d'alimentation UAB est égale à 50% de la tension de fonctionnement de la bobine, alors l'efficacité de l'actionneur est à 50%. La courbe en trait pointillé représente la solution à deux bobines fonctionnant selon un mode tel que décrit ci-dessus. Le niveau à été « normalisé »afin de tourner le plus autour de la valeur 100%. Ceci donne pour la valeur max (400V) une efficacité à 108% et à 91 V de 86%. Globalement, entre ces deux valeurs 108%, 86%, une certaine constance est observée. Autrement dit pour des tensions d'actionnement comprises entre 91 V et 400V, l'efficacité de l'actionneur est comprise entre 86% et 108%. Comparativement, un actionneur de type connu avec une seule bobine fonctionnant sur la même plage de tension (91 - 400 V) aura une efficacité comprise entre 20 et 100%.As shown in the graph of the figure 12 , the efficiency of the actuator according to the invention is very satisfactory over a wide voltage range. Indeed, the solid curve represents what is called the "efficiency" of the voltage applied to a single coil actuator. This "efficiency" is directly proportional to the input voltage. Thus if the supply voltage U AB is equal to 50% of the operating voltage of the coil, then the efficiency of the actuator is 50%. The dotted curve represents the two-coil solution operating in a mode as described above. The level has been "normalized" in order to turn the most around the 100% value. This gives for the max value (400V) efficiency at 108% and at 91 V 86%. Overall, between these two values 108%, 86%, some consistency is observed. In other words, for actuating voltages of between 91 V and 400 V, the efficiency of the actuator is between 86% and 108%. Comparatively, an actuator of known type with a single coil operating on the same voltage range (91 - 400 V) will have an efficiency between 20 and 100%.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, tel que représenté sur la figure 14, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte une troisième bobine L3 connecté en série avec les premier et second bobines L1, L2 entre la première et seconde borne d'alimentation A, B. Les moyens de commutation comportent alors un troisième moyen d'ouverture T3 connecté entre la première borne d'alimentation en tension A et la première borne L3A du troisième bobine L3. La troisième bobine L3 a une seconde borne L3B reliée à la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension B. Les moyens de commutation comportent un quatrième moyen d'ouverture T4 connecté entre la seconde borne L2B de la seconde bobine L2 et la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension B. Comme représenté sur le graphique de la figure 13, l'efficacité de l'actionneur selon l'invention est très satisfaisante sur une très large plage de tension. En effet, la courbe en trait plein représente ce que l'on appelle « l'efficacité »de la tension appliquée à un actionneur à une seule bobine. La courbe en trait pointillé représente la solution à trois bobines fonctionnant selon un mode tel que décrit ci-dessus. Le niveau à été « normalisé » afin de tourner le plus autour de la valeur 100%. Ceci donne pour la valeur max (475V) une efficacité à 106% et à 39 Volts de 83%. Globalement, entre ces deux valeurs 106%, 83%, une certaine constance est observée. Autrement dit, pour des tensions d'actionnement comprises entre 39 et 475V, l'efficacité de l'actionneur est comprise entre 83% et 103%. Comparativement, un actionneur de type connu avec une seule bobine fonctionnant sur la même plage de tension (39 - 475 V) aura une efficacité comprise entre 10 et 100%.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, as represented on the figure 14 the electromagnetic actuator comprises a third coil L3 connected in series with the first and second coils L1, L2 between the first and second supply terminals A, B. The switching means then comprise a third opening means T3 connected between the first voltage supply terminal A and the first terminal L3A of the third coil L3. The third coil L3 has a second terminal L3B connected to the second voltage supply terminal B. The switching means comprises a fourth opening means T4 connected between the second terminal L2B of the second coil L2 and the second terminal of voltage supply B. As shown in the graph of the figure 13 , the efficiency of the actuator according to the invention is very satisfactory over a very wide voltage range. Indeed, the solid curve represents what is called the "efficiency" of the voltage applied to a single coil actuator. The dotted curve represents the three-coil solution operating in a mode as described above. The level has been "normalized" in order to turn the most around the 100% value. This gives the max value (475V) an efficiency of 106% and 39 Volts of 83%. Overall, between these two values 106%, 83%, some consistency is observed. In other words, for actuating voltages between 39 and 475V, the efficiency of the actuator is between 83% and 103%. Comparatively, an actuator of known type with a single coil operating on the same voltage range (39 - 475 V) will have an efficiency between 10 and 100%.

En outre, selon les modes de fonctionnement de l'invention, l'actionneur électromagnétique est alors apte à fonctionner sur une large plage de tension tout en gardant une efficacité optimale.In addition, according to the modes of operation of the invention, the electromagnetic actuator is then able to operate over a wide range of voltage while maintaining optimum efficiency.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte des moyens de régulation 22 aptes à moduler la tension fournie auxdits au moins deux bobines L1, L2 selon une modulation d'impulsion en largeur de type PWM. L'actionneur comporte ainsi des moyens de commande 20 apte à commuter les bobines L1, L2 dans différentes configurations :

  • lesdites au moins deux bobines (L1, L2) en mode série,
  • lesdites au moins deux bobines (L1, L2) étant en mode parallèle,
  • une seule desdites bobines (L1 ou L2) connectée.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the electromagnetic actuator comprises regulating means 22 able to modulate the voltage supplied to said at least two coils L1, L2 according to PWM type pulse width modulation. The actuator thus comprises control means 20 capable of switching the coils L1, L2 in different configurations:
  • said at least two coils (L1, L2) in series mode,
  • said at least two coils (L1, L2) being in parallel mode,
  • only one of said coils (L1 or L2) connected.

Claims (8)

Actionneur électromagnétique comprenant : - un circuit magnétique formé d'une culasse ferromagnétique (2) et d'un noyau ferromagnétique mobile (3) ; - au moins deux bobines (L1, L2) comportant respectivement un seuil d'efficacité en tension (U1, U2) ; - des moyens de commutation des bobines (L1, L2) autorisant le fonctionnement - soit avec une seule desdites bobines, ou - soit avec au moins deux desdites bobines connectées en série ou une parallèle ; - un bloc fonctionnel de mesure (25) de la tension sinusoïdale de fonctionnement (UAB) entre une première et seconde borne d'alimentation en tension (A, B), tension variant au cours d'une alternance redressée entre une tension minimale (Umin) à une tension maximale (Umax), caractérisé en ce que le bloc fonctionnel de mesure (25) comporte des moyens de comparaison de la tension fonctionnement (UAB) à au moins un seuil de tension prédéfini (S1, S2, S3) et caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de commande (20) aptes à agir, au cours d'une même alternance, sur les moyens de commutation pour : - connecter au moins une première bobine (L1) lorsque la tension de fonctionnement est inférieure à un premier seuil (S1); - connecter au moins une seconde bobine (L2) lorsque la tension de fonctionnement est supérieur à au premier seuil (S1). Electromagnetic actuator comprising: a magnetic circuit formed of a ferromagnetic yoke (2) and a movable ferromagnetic core (3); at least two coils (L1, L2) respectively comprising a voltage efficiency threshold (U1, U2); - switching means of the coils (L1, L2) allowing the operation - with only one of said coils, or or with at least two of said coils connected in series or a parallel; a functional unit for measuring (25) the operating sinusoidal voltage (U AB ) between a first and a second voltage supply terminal (A, B), voltage varying during a rectified alternation between a minimum voltage ( Umin) at a maximum voltage (Umax), characterized in that the measurement functional block (25) comprises means for comparing the operating voltage (U AB ) with at least one predefined voltage threshold (S1, S2, S3). and characterized in that it comprises control means (20) able to act, during the same alternation, on the switching means for: - connect at least a first coil (L1) when the operating voltage is lower than a first threshold (S1); - Connect at least a second coil (L2) when the operating voltage is greater than the first threshold (S1). Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de commande (20) aptes à agir, au cours d'une même alternance, sur les moyens de commutation pour - connecter au moins une première bobine (L1) lorsque la tension de fonctionnement (UAB) est inférieur à un premier seuil (S1) ; - connecter au moins une seconde bobine (L2) lorsque la tension de fonctionnement (UAB) est supérieur à un premier seuil (S1) et inférieur à un second seuil (S2 ; - connecter au moins deux bobines en série (L1, L2) lorsque la tension de fonctionnement (UAB est supérieure au second seuil (S2) ; le bloc fonctionnel de mesure (25) comportant des moyens de comparaison de la tension fonctionnement (UAB) à au moins deux seuils de tension prédéfini (S1, S2).Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises control means (20) able to act, during the same alternation, on the switching means for - Connect at least a first coil (L1) when the operating voltage (U AB ) is less than a first threshold (S1); - connect at least a second coil (L2) when the operating voltage (U AB ) is greater than a first threshold (S1) and less than a second threshold (S2; - connect at least two coils in series (L1, L2) when the operating voltage (U AB is greater than the second threshold (S2); the measurement functional block (25) comprising means for comparing the operating voltage (U AB ) with at least two predefined voltage thresholds (S1, S2). Actionneur électromagnétique selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de commande (20) aptes à agir, au cours d'une même alternance, sur les moyens de commutation pour - connecter au moins deux bobines en parallèle (L1, L2) lorsque la tension de fonctionnement (UAB) est inférieure à un premier seuil S1 de tension ; - connecter au moins une première bobine L1 lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB est supérieur à un premier seuil S1 et inférieur à un second seuil S2 ; - connecter au moins une seconde bobine L2 lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB est supérieur à un second seuil S2 et inférieur à un troisième seuil S3; - connecter au moins deux bobines en série L1, L2 lorsque la tension de fonctionnement UAB est supérieure au troisième seuil S3 ; le bloc fonctionnel de mesure (25) comportant des moyens de comparaison de la tension fonctionnement (UAB) à au moins trois seuils de tension prédéfini (S1, S2, S3).Electromagnetic actuator according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises control means (20) able to act, during the same alternation, on the switching means for - Connect at least two coils in parallel (L1, L2) when the operating voltage (U AB ) is lower than a first threshold S1 voltage; - Connect at least a first coil L1 when the operating voltage U AB is greater than a first threshold S1 and lower than a second threshold S2; - connect at least a second coil L2 when the operating voltage U AB is greater than a second threshold S2 and less than a third threshold S3; - Connect at least two coils in series L1, L2 when the operating voltage U AB is greater than the third threshold S3; the measurement functional block (25) comprising means for comparing the operating voltage (U AB ) with at least three predefined voltage thresholds (S1, S2, S3). Actionneur électromagnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une première et une seconde bobine (L1, L2) connectées entre elles en série entre une première et seconde bornes d'alimentation (A, B) ; les moyens de commutation comportant : - un premier moyen d'ouverture (T1) connecté entre une seconde borne (L1 B) de la première bobine (L1) et la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension (B), une première borne (L1A) de la première bobine (L1) étant connectée à la première borne d'alimentation en tension (A), - un second moyen d'ouverture (T2) connecté entre la première borne d'alimentation en tension (A) et la première borne (L2A) de la seconde bobine (L2), une seconde borne L2B de la deuxième bobine (L2) étant connectée à la deuxième borne d'alimentation en tension (B), - au moins une diode de roue libre (DA) connectée entre la second borne d'alimentation en tension (B) et la première borne d'alimentation (A) ; les deux moyens d'ouverture (T1, T2) étant disposés pour recevoir des ordres d'une unité de contrôle (20) de manière à se placer respectivement dans un état d'ouverture ou de fermeture ; - les bobines (L1, L2) étant en mode série lorsque les premier et second moyens d'ouverture (T1, T2) sont ouverts, - les bobines (L1, L2) étant en mode parallèle lorsque les premier et second moyens d'ouverture (T1, T2) sont fermés ; - le bobine (L1) étant déconnecté lorsque le second moyen d'ouverture (T2) est fermé et le premier moyen d'ouverture (T1) étant ouvert, - le bobine (L2) étant déconnecté lorsque le premier moyen d'ouverture (T1) est fermé et le second moyen d'ouverture (T2) étant ouvert. Electromagnetic actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least a first and a second coil (L1, L2) connected together in series between a first and a second supply terminal (A, B). ); the switching means comprising: a first opening means (T1) connected between a second terminal (L1 B) of the first coil (L1) and the second voltage supply terminal (B), a first terminal (L1A) of the first coil ( L1) being connected to the first voltage supply terminal (A), a second opening means (T2) connected between the first voltage supply terminal (A) and the first terminal (L2A) of the second coil (L2), a second terminal L2B of the second coil (L2) being connected to the second voltage supply terminal (B), at least one freewheeling diode (DA) connected between the second voltage supply terminal (B) and the first supply terminal (A); both opening means (T1, T2) being arranged to receive commands from a control unit (20) so as to be respectively in an open or closed state; the coils (L1, L2) being in series mode when the first and second opening means (T1, T2) are open, the coils (L1, L2) being in parallel mode when the first and second opening means (T1, T2) are closed; the coil (L1) being disconnected when the second opening means (T2) is closed and the first opening means (T1) being open, the coil (L2) being disconnected when the first opening means (T1) is closed and the second opening means (T2) being open. Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : - une troisième bobine (L3) connectée en série avec les première et seconde bobines (L1, L2) entre la première et seconde borne d'alimentation (A, B), - un troisième moyen d'ouverture (T3) connecté entre la première borne d'alimentation en tension (A) et la première borne (L3A) de la troisième bobine (L3), ladite troisième bobine (L3) ayant une seconde borne (L3B) reliée à la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension (B), - un quatrième moyen d'ouverture (T4) connecté entre la seconde borne (L2B) de la seconde bobine (L2) et la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension (B). Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 4, characterized in that it comprises: a third coil (L3) connected in series with the first and second coils (L1, L2) between the first and second supply terminals (A, B), a third opening means connected between the first voltage supply terminal and the first terminal of the third coil L3, said third coil having a second terminal L3B ) connected to the second voltage supply terminal (B), a fourth opening means (T4) connected between the second terminal (L2B) of the second coil (L2) and the second voltage supply terminal (B). Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une première et une seconde bobine (L1, L2) connectées entre elles en parallèle entre une première et seconde borne d'alimentation (A, B) ; - un premier moyen d'ouverture (T1) étant connecté entre une première borne (L1A) de la première bobine (L1) et la première borne d'alimentation en tension (A), la seconde borne (L1 B) de la première bobine (L1) étant connectée à la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension (A), - un second moyen d'ouverture (T2) étant connecté entre la première borne d'alimentation en tension (A) et la première borne (L2A) de la seconde bobine (L2, la seconde borne (L2B) de la deuxième bobine (L2) étant connectée à la deuxième borne d'alimentation en tension (B) ; la première bobine (L1) étant connectée lorsque le premier moyen d'ouverture (T1) est fermé et la seconde bobine (L2) étant connectée lorsque le deuxième moyen d'ouverture (T2) est fermé.Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a first and a second coil (L1, L2) connected together in parallel between a first and second supply terminal (A, B); a first opening means (T1) being connected between a first terminal (L1A) of the first coil (L1) and the first voltage supply terminal (A), the second terminal (L1 B) of the first coil (L1) being connected to the second voltage supply terminal (A), a second opening means (T2) being connected between the first voltage supply terminal (A) and the first terminal (L2A) of the second coil (L2, the second terminal (L2B) of the second coil (L2 ) being connected to the second voltage supply terminal (B); the first coil (L1) being connected when the first opening means (T1) is closed and the second coil (L2) being connected when the second opening means (T2) is closed. Actionneur électromagnétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les bobines (L1, L2, L3) comportent des seuils d'efficacité en tension identiques ou distincts.Electromagnetic actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coils (L1, L2, L3) comprise identical or distinct voltage efficiency thresholds. Actionneur électromagnétique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de régulation (22) aptes à moduler la tension fournie aux dits bobines (L1, L2, L3) selon une modulation d'impulsion en largeur de type PWM.Electromagnetic actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises regulating means (22) capable of modulating the voltage supplied to said coils (L1, L2, L3) according to a pulse width modulation of PWM type.
EP20110354053 2010-12-17 2011-10-13 Electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils Not-in-force EP2466607B1 (en)

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FR2923936A1 (en) * 2007-11-19 2009-05-22 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Magnetic hooking type bistable electromagnetic actuator for vacuum bulb of switchgear, has mobile core separated from yoke surface by radial airgap in unhooking position, and shunt separated from core by axial airgap

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Publication number Publication date
CN102543577B (en) 2016-03-09
FR2969368B1 (en) 2012-12-28
FR2969368A1 (en) 2012-06-22
EP2466607B1 (en) 2013-04-17
CN102543577A (en) 2012-07-04

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