EP2466036A1 - Method for reinforcing a construction structure by means of reinforcing strips - Google Patents

Method for reinforcing a construction structure by means of reinforcing strips Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2466036A1
EP2466036A1 EP11193508A EP11193508A EP2466036A1 EP 2466036 A1 EP2466036 A1 EP 2466036A1 EP 11193508 A EP11193508 A EP 11193508A EP 11193508 A EP11193508 A EP 11193508A EP 2466036 A1 EP2466036 A1 EP 2466036A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reinforcing
strips
reinforcement
strip
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11193508A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2466036B1 (en
Inventor
Jérôme Stubler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Publication of EP2466036A1 publication Critical patent/EP2466036A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2466036B1 publication Critical patent/EP2466036B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G23/0225—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of circular building elements, e.g. by circular bracing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
    • E04G2023/0255—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements whereby the fiber reinforced plastic elements are stressed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements
    • E04G2023/0255—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements whereby the fiber reinforced plastic elements are stressed
    • E04G2023/0259—Devices specifically adapted to stress the fiber reinforced plastic elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49616—Structural member making
    • Y10T29/49618—Restoring existing member, e.g., reinforcing, repairing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y10T29/49874—Prestressing rod, filament or strand

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of reinforcing a building structure using reinforcing strips and a construction work obtained by this reinforcement method.
  • Carbon fiber fabric is sometimes used as reinforcement to reinforce reinforced concrete structures. It is directly applied and glued against the structure. In order for the composite to contribute to the strength of the structure, it is necessary that the support on which the fabric is bonded is put in tension, which implies a certain level of cracking in the support. This is a problem when a perfect seal is necessary, for example in an aggressive environment.
  • the present invention aims to remedy all or some of the disadvantages mentioned above, that is to say in particular to provide a compact process for strengthening a construction work, the method contributing to the resistance of the structure even when it is not in traction and does not create local mechanical strength of the structure.
  • the construction work can be of any kind. In particular, it may be a concrete structure. It can also be prestressed, or not, by conventional means.
  • Body means an element capable of extending in a longitudinal direction over a length significantly greater than its width in a first direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the element also having a thickness significantly smaller than its width.
  • the width and thickness of the strip may vary depending on the location in the longitudinal direction.
  • the strip can be curved, for example to fit the shape of the construction work.
  • the reinforcing strips may be more or less elastic.
  • the tensioning is done by traction, for example on a free end of the reinforcing strip.
  • the traction causes an elongation of the reinforcing strip and a reaction force on its part. It is important that the portion of the reinforcing strip that elongates is free to slide on the structure during tensioning. Indeed, it has been noticed that, if the band is adherent at that time, it does not do not lie so much. In addition, in this case, shear forces are transmitted to the structure during the tensioning and after. These efforts are frequently the cause of delamination phenomena (tearing material) of the structure along the tension portion of the reinforcing strip.
  • the non-adhesion thus improves both the behavior of the reinforcing strip and reduces the risk of damage to the construction work, especially by delamination.
  • the reinforcing strip may be impregnated or coated with resin.
  • Non-adherence of the reinforcing strip during tensioning can be achieved by various means.
  • the band is not, or not yet, coated with resin, or this resin has not yet taken.
  • the reinforcing strip having been tensioned, the reinforcement strip is mechanically secured to the structure.
  • mechanically fasten is meant to immobilize at least a portion of the reinforcing strip by a direct mechanical connection (anchoring) or indirectly (via other elements) to the structure and / or the reinforcing strip itself .
  • This connection takes the reaction force of the reinforcing strip due to the tensioning.
  • the mechanical connection can transmit the reaction force to an area of the structure provided for this purpose, for example an anchor for diffusing shear forces in or on the structure of the structure.
  • the band can also be placed in such a way that the transmission of the reaction force to the structure results in a compression force applied to the structure.
  • the band may also exert pressure on the structure, for example if it wholly or partially surrounds part or all of the structure.
  • the reinforcing strip is secured to the structure by the zone on which the firing is made, but it is also possible to join the strip by another zone of the reinforcing strip.
  • Any anchoring of the reinforcing strip or its mechanical attachment can be done by gluing.
  • reinforcing strip which reinforces the construction work without transmitting shear forces along the portion of the tensioned strip.
  • the reinforcing strips are included in a substantially rectangular reinforcing zone and elongated in a given direction.
  • the reinforcement zone has a first extreme zone and a second extreme zone located opposite each other in the given direction.
  • a first set of reinforcing strips are anchored by their first zones on the first extreme zone of the construction structure and a second set of reinforcement strips are anchored by their first zones on the second extreme zone. of the construction work.
  • a third set of reinforcing strips comprising at least one reinforcing strip of the first set and at least one reinforcing strip of the second set is tensioned.
  • the third assembly is tensioned by means of a spacer exerting traction forces simultaneously on the second zones of the reinforcement strips of the third assembly.
  • the pulling forces exerted by the spacer move the second zone or zones of the reinforcing strips from the first set of the second zone or zones of the reinforcement strips of the second set.
  • a first zone of the strip is fixed to the structure by an anchorage which makes it possible to distribute the forces that the reinforcement strip will apply to the structure.
  • This attachment defines at least one free portion of the reinforcing strip. In fact, if this first zone is located at one end of the reinforcing strip, all the rest of the reinforcing strip becomes a free part. If the first zone is at a distance, two free parts are created, which are the two portions of the reinforcing strip on both sides of the anchor.
  • the free portion of the reinforcement strip is tensioned.
  • the reinforcement strips are relatively elastic.
  • the tensioning is done by pulling on a second zone of the reinforcing strip, for example a free end of the free portion.
  • the second zone may also not be an end of the reinforcing strip.
  • the traction causes an elongation of the reinforcing strip and a reaction force on its part. It is important that the portion of the reinforcing strip that elongates is free to slide on the structure during tensioning. Indeed, it has been noticed that, if the band is adherent to this at that moment, she does not lie so much. In addition, in this case, shear forces are transmitted to the structure during the tensioning and after. These efforts are frequently the cause of delamination phenomena (tearing material) of the structure along the tension portion of the reinforcing strip.
  • step c) the reinforcing strip having been tensioned, mechanically secures the free portion of the reinforcing strip with the structure.
  • To mechanically fasten is to immobilize the reinforcing strip by a direct mechanical connection (anchoring) or indirectly (via other elements) to the structure.
  • This connection takes the reaction force of the reinforcing strip due to the tensioning.
  • the link transmits the reaction force to an area of the structure provided for this purpose, for example an anchor for diffusing shear forces in or on the structure of the structure.
  • the band can also be placed in such a way that the transmission of the reaction force to the structure does not translate into a compression force applied to the structure.
  • the reinforcing strip is secured to the structure by the second zone (on which it has been pulled), but it is also possible to secure the strip by another zone of the free portion which is not the first zone.
  • reinforcement strips are available, which reinforce the construction work without transmitting shear forces along its length.
  • the forces applied by the reinforcing strips to the structure are on the one hand, at the anchorages of the first zones and, on the other hand, on the zone of the structure to which the mechanical fastening of the strip transmits the reaction force following the tensioning.
  • the resin reinforcing strip is coated before it is put into tension and the tensioning is carried out before the resin dries.
  • the tensioning is carried out before the resin dries.
  • a thin and sliding element can be inserted before the tensioning under the free part of the band. This element makes it possible to create a zone of adhesion failure whose length can be adjusted. This length can go up to that of the free part of the reinforcing strip.
  • each of the bands undergoes the steps a) to c) above.
  • Each is anchored to the structure by a first zone (step a).
  • Each is tensioned in its free portion by pulling on a second zone (step b).
  • each is solidarized with the work (step c).
  • mechanically joining the free part it is meant that a point or zone is anchored directly or indirectly to the structure.
  • the fastening is made at the level of the second zone.
  • the tensioning can be done by means capable of contracting, comprising for example a jack, which bring the second zones of the two bands together. By the effect of the elasticity, and the fact that they can slide, the free parts of the two bands line up to become coaxial.
  • the tensioning means are also used for the mechanical fastening of each band to the work. Each band is therefore secured via the tensioning means in the contracted position and via the other reinforcing strip.
  • the reaction force of one band is transmitted to the structure via the anchoring of the first zone of the other reinforcing strip.
  • the setting in tension and the mechanical fastening are thus carried out in a simple and practical way.
  • the reaction forces of the two reinforcing strips cancel one another. No shearing force is transmitted to the structure along the tensioned strips.
  • the method uses reinforcement strips reinforcing the structure on a reinforcing zone (or area to be reinforced) substantially rectangular and elongated.
  • a reinforcing zone or area to be reinforced
  • Each of the bands undergoes the steps a) to c) above.
  • Each is anchored to the structure by a first zone (step a).
  • Each is tensioned by pulling on a second zone (step b).
  • step c each is solidarized with the work.
  • Some bands defining a first set are anchored to a first end zone of the reinforcement zone.
  • the other bands defining a second set are anchored on a second end zone of the reinforcing zone, located opposite the first.
  • the third set comprises at least one band of the first set, preferably one, and at least two bands of the second set, preferably exactly two.
  • the third set comprises bands anchored on either side of the reinforcement zone.
  • the bands of the third set are tensioned using a spacer.
  • the latter makes it possible to enter the bands by their second zones and to move the second zones away from the bands of the first set of bands from the bands of the second set.
  • the bands of the third set are then mechanically fastened to the structure as described above for an individual band.
  • the fourth set comprises at least two bands of the first set, preferably exactly two, and at least one band of the second set, preferably only one.
  • the fourth set also includes anchored strips before or after the tensioning of the third set of bands on either side of the reinforcement zone.
  • the retractor makes it possible to enter the bands by their second zones and to move the second zones of the bands of the first set away from those of the bands of the second set.
  • each reinforcing strip of the fourth assembly is mechanically secured to the free portion of a reinforcing strip of the third assembly and vice versa.
  • reaction efforts of each band of the third set are taken up by a band of the fourth set and transmitted to the book via this band.
  • the reaction forces of two reinforcement bands thus bonded cancel one another. No shearing force is transmitted to the structure along these tensioned strips.
  • This joining of a free part of one band to another is preferably done at the level of the second zones of each band, which are preferably located at the free end of the bands.
  • the strips may comprise a composite material.
  • This material can be a fiber weave. It can also be a bundle of fibers. It can also be in the form of lamellae. In addition to the fibers and / or lamellae, the reinforcing strips comprise resin.
  • the fibers may comprise carbon (carbon fiber). They may include glass. They may also include aramid.
  • Carbon fiber fabric is commonly referred to as "TFC”.
  • the invention further relates to a construction structure comprising alleged reinforcement strips.
  • the so-called reinforcement strips are obtained by implementing the method as described above.
  • a reinforcing strip for example TFC (carbon fiber fabric). It is anchored in or on a building structure 1. The anchoring is done at a first zone 1a of the strip 2, for example by gluing on the structure 1. This anchorage defines a free portion 2b, c ' that is, the portion of the strip 2 that is not anchored to the structure.
  • TFC carbon fiber fabric
  • the tensioning of the strip 2 is represented by means 5.
  • a traction force R2 ' is applied to a second zone 2c of the strip 2.
  • the means 5 act by contraction obtained at using a jack system 5a, 5d included in the means 5.
  • the traction R2 'on the band 2 causes an elongation d2 and a reaction force R2 of the band 2 on the tensioning means 5.
  • the strip 2 is then mechanically secured to the structure 1. On the Figures 1A and 1B this is done via another reinforcing strip 3.
  • the reaction force R2 is transmitted to the structure in an area that can withstand this effort.
  • this zone is an anchoring zone 3a of the strip 3.
  • the stress R2 can be transmitted by a wick of fibers 2d originating from the weaving of the band 2 or glued to it.
  • the junction between the wick 2d and the band 2 is by one or more lamination whip.
  • the wick 2d is connected via an eye head 5c to a threaded rod 5d engaged in a turnbuckle 5a.
  • the Figure 2B shows an enlargement of the eye head 5c which has on one side an eye and the other a thread for the engagement of the threaded rod 5d.
  • the Figure 2C shows how the wick 2d can be engaged in the eye head 5c.
  • the wick 2d is here a loop having two whiplass stretches at the junction with the second zone 2c of the band 2.
  • the band 2 can be coated on its part 2b of slow setting resin.
  • the band 2 is tensioned before the resin dries, so that the reinforcing strip 2 is more free to slide on the structure 1 during its elongation d2.
  • a thin sliding element (not shown) under the free portion 2b of the reinforcing strip 2 prior to tensioning.
  • a suitable membrane such as polyane or non-stick paint.
  • the Figures 1A and 1B also illustrate the case of a tensioning of a TFC reinforcement strip 3 made at the same time as that of the strip 2.
  • the strip 3 is anchored by a second zone 3a.
  • the tensioning means 5 bring the second zones 2c and 3c close to one another, causing the two strips 2 and 3 to elongate and put into simultaneous tension.
  • the means 5 contract with the jack constituted by the elements 5a, 5d and a 5d analogue located on the other side of the turnbuckle 5a, on the side of the band 3.
  • the band 3 extends from d3 and applies on the means 5 a reaction force R3.
  • the R2 and R3 efforts are vector-balanced (zero resultant).
  • the resulting moment is also nil.
  • the tensioning means 5 are therefore in equilibrium and it is not necessary to prevent them from rotating.
  • the means 5 then remain in a contracted position, ensuring the mechanical joining of the band 3 to the work 1 through the other band 2, and vice versa.
  • FIGS. 3A to 4C represent embodiments using reinforcement strips according to a method according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3C three bands 2, 3, 4 are intended to reinforce an elongated zone 10 of the structure 1.
  • a first set of bands, in fact the band 2 is anchored by the first zone 2a to an extreme zone 10a of the zone 10.
  • a second set of bands, in fact the bands 3 and 4 is anchored by the first zones 3a and 4a to a second extreme zone 10b situated opposite the zone 10a in the zone to be reinforced 10.
  • the free ends of the strips 2 to 4, which are here their second zones, are located in a median zone 10c of the zone 10 to be reinforced.
  • the second zones 2c, 3c, 4c are engaged in a spacer 5, 5a.
  • Part 5 is for example equipped with jaws capable of being fixed on the seconds zones 2c, 3c, 4c of the bands. Alternatively, one could consider using a spacer that wraps the bands.
  • the bands form a third set of bands which thus includes the first set (passively anchored on one side of the area to be reinforced) and a second set (passively anchored on the other side of the area to be reinforced).
  • This third set is put in tension by deforming the spacer for example using a jack 5a.
  • the spacer 5 moves the second zones 2c away from the bands of the first set of second zones 3c and 4c of the bands of the second set.
  • each of the three bands is secured to the structure 1, keeping the spacer 5 in a remote position. It is also possible to join the strips directly with the structure if its structure lends itself to it. It is also possible to replace the spacer with a locking piece intended to remain in place.
  • the strips 2 and 4 are twice as wide as the strip 2 and the strips are all the same length.
  • the effort R2 is twice as large as the efforts R3 and R4 and in the opposite direction. If the distances between two consecutive bands are identical, the efforts are balanced in moment (resulting moment null). This facilitates the implementation of the spacer.
  • the method can be completed by the implementation of a fourth set of reinforcement strips in TFC 6, 7 and 8.
  • Figure 4A the strips 7 and 8 belong to the first set (they are anchored by their first zones 7a and 8a in the first end zone 10a, before or after the tensioning of the band 2 of the third set) and the band 6 belongs to the second set together (band anchored by its first zone 6a in the second extreme zone 10b, before or after the tensioning of the bands 3 and 4 of the third set).
  • the strips 6, 7 and 8 of the fourth set are tensioned in a manner similar to that of the strips 2, 3 and 4 of the third set (see Figure 4B ) using a retractor 9.
  • the strips 6, 7, 8 of the fourth set have the same length and the same width as the homologous strips of the third set to which they are secured, so as to form a drawing complementary to that formed by the third together.
  • the strips can then be arranged so that they ultimately occupy three contiguous rails (2, 6), (3, 7) and (4, 8) so as to completely cover the area to be reinforced 10.
  • the figure 5 represents a reinforcing strip mechanically secured with itself.
  • the reinforcing strip 2 almost completely surrounds the construction structure 1. It completely surrounds it if the tensioning means 5, 5a are included.
  • the tensioning is done by pulling on the second zone 2c. One retains (for example by an anchoring) or one pulls also on the zone 2c '.
  • the reinforcing strip is mechanically secured to itself via the tensioning means.
  • the tension of the band is transmitted to the structure by the pressure that the band 2 exerts on the structure 1.
  • the band 2 is anchored to the structure, for example by a point along its length, by gluing.

Abstract

The method involves anchoring first and second sets of reinforcing strips (2, 3) by zones respectively on end zones of construction structure. A third set of reinforcing strips (4) comprising one of the strips from the first set and one of the strips from the second set is tensioned by a spacer (5a) exerting reaction forces (R2-R4) simultaneously on zones on the reinforcing strips of an assembly, where the forces exerted by the spacer move away the zones of the strips of the first set or zones of strips of the second set.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de renforcement d'un ouvrage de construction mettant en oeuvre des bandes de renfort et un ouvrage de construction obtenu par ce procédé de renforcement.The present invention relates to a method of reinforcing a building structure using reinforcing strips and a construction work obtained by this reinforcement method.

II est connu de renforcer des ouvrages par précontrainte additionnelle externe, à base d'éléments composites carbone/résine, tels que des lamelles ou des joncs. Ces éléments, préfabriqués en usine par pultrusion (extrusion et tirage), sont disposés sur la structure à renforcer et fixés à l'aide de pièces d'ancrage. Les éléments composites sont ensuite tendus par vérinage et les efforts sont repris par frottement dans les ancrages. Le système fonctionne alors comme de la précontrainte extérieure usuelle. II peut s'avérer difficile à mettre en oeuvre en cas d'encombrement autour de l'ouvrage à renforcer.It is known to reinforce structures by external additional prestressing, based on carbon / resin composite elements, such as lamellae or rods. These elements, prefabricated in the factory by pultrusion (extrusion and draft), are arranged on the structure to be reinforced and fixed using anchors. The composite elements are then stretched by jacking and efforts are resumed by friction in the anchors. The system then functions as usual external prestressing. It can be difficult to implement in case of congestion around the structure to be reinforced.

Le tissu de fibres de carbone est parfois employé comme armature pour renforcer des structures en béton armé. II est directement appliqué et collé contre la structure. Pour que le composite puisse contribuer à la résistance de la structure, il faut que le support sur lequel le tissu est collé se mette en traction, ce qui implique un certain niveau de fissuration dans le support. Ceci constitue un problème lorsqu'une étanchéité parfaite est nécessaire, par exemple dans un environnement agressif.Carbon fiber fabric is sometimes used as reinforcement to reinforce reinforced concrete structures. It is directly applied and glued against the structure. In order for the composite to contribute to the strength of the structure, it is necessary that the support on which the fabric is bonded is put in tension, which implies a certain level of cracking in the support. This is a problem when a perfect seal is necessary, for example in an aggressive environment.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier à tout ou partie des inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus, c'est-à-dire en particulier de fournir un procédé peu encombrant de renforcement d'un ouvrage de construction, le procédé contribuant à la résistance de l'ouvrage même quand celui-ci n'est pas en traction et ne créant pas de désordres locaux de résistance mécanique de l'ouvrage.The present invention aims to remedy all or some of the disadvantages mentioned above, that is to say in particular to provide a compact process for strengthening a construction work, the method contributing to the resistance of the structure even when it is not in traction and does not create local mechanical strength of the structure.

RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

La solution de l'invention porte sur un procédé de renforcement d'un ouvrage de construction, mettant en oeuvre des bandes de renfort. Ce procédé comprend, pour chacune des bandes de renfort, les étapes suivantes :

  1. a) ancrage d'une première zone de la bande de renfort sur l'ouvrage de construction et constitution d'une partie libre de la bande de renfort ;
  2. b) mise en tension de la bande de renfort par traction sur une seconde zone de la bande de renfort située dans la partie libre, la traction provoquant un allongement et un effort de réaction de la bande de renfort, la partie libre de la bande de renfort étant libre de glisser sur l'ouvrage de construction du fait de son allongement; et
  3. c) solidarisation mécanique de la bande de renfort avec l'ouvrage de construction, de manière à reprendre l'effort de réaction de la bande de renfort dans une zone de l'ouvrage de construction pouvant supporter l'effort de réaction de la bande de renfort.
The solution of the invention relates to a method of reinforcing a construction structure, using reinforcement strips. This method comprises, for each of the reinforcing strips, the following steps:
  1. a) anchoring a first zone of the reinforcing strip on the construction work and forming a free portion of the reinforcement strip;
  2. b) tensioning the reinforcing strip by traction on a second zone of the reinforcing strip located in the free portion, the tension causing an elongation and a reaction force of the reinforcement strip, the free portion of the reinforcement strip; reinforcement being free to slide on the construction work because of its lengthening; and
  3. c) mechanically fastening the reinforcing strip with the construction structure, so as to resume the reaction force of the reinforcing strip in an area of the construction structure that can withstand the reaction force of the strip of reinforcement reinforcement.

L'ouvrage de construction peut être de toute nature. De manière particulière, il peut s'agir d'un ouvrage en béton. II peut être par ailleurs précontraint, ou non, par des moyens classiques.The construction work can be of any kind. In particular, it may be a concrete structure. It can also be prestressed, or not, by conventional means.

Par « bande », on entend un élément susceptible de s'étendre dans une direction longitudinale sur une longueur significativement supérieure à sa largeur selon une première direction perpendiculaire à la direction longitudinale, l'élément présentant par ailleurs une épaisseur significativement inférieure à sa largeur. La largeur et l'épaisseur de la bande peuvent varier selon l'endroit considéré dans la direction longitudinale. La bande peut être incurvée, par exemple pour épouser la forme de l'ouvrage de construction."Band" means an element capable of extending in a longitudinal direction over a length significantly greater than its width in a first direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the element also having a thickness significantly smaller than its width. The width and thickness of the strip may vary depending on the location in the longitudinal direction. The strip can be curved, for example to fit the shape of the construction work.

Les bandes de renfort peuvent être plus ou moins élastiques. La mise en tension se fait par traction, par exemple sur une extrémité libre de la bande de renfort. La traction provoque un allongement de la bande de renfort et un effort de réaction de sa part. II est important que la partie de la bande de renfort qui s'allonge soit libre de glisser sur l'ouvrage pendant la mise en tension. En effet, il a été remarqué que, si la bande est adhérente à ce moment-là, elle ne s'allonge pas autant. En outre, dans ce cas, des efforts de cisaillement sont transmis à l'ouvrage pendant la mise en tension et après. Ces efforts sont fréquemment la cause de phénomènes de délamination (arrachage de matière) de l'ouvrage le long de la partie en tension de la bande de renfort.The reinforcing strips may be more or less elastic. The tensioning is done by traction, for example on a free end of the reinforcing strip. The traction causes an elongation of the reinforcing strip and a reaction force on its part. It is important that the portion of the reinforcing strip that elongates is free to slide on the structure during tensioning. Indeed, it has been noticed that, if the band is adherent at that time, it does not do not lie so much. In addition, in this case, shear forces are transmitted to the structure during the tensioning and after. These efforts are frequently the cause of delamination phenomena (tearing material) of the structure along the tension portion of the reinforcing strip.

La non-adhérence améliore donc à la fois le comportement de la bande de renfort et réduit le risque d'endommagement de l'ouvrage de construction, notamment par délamination.The non-adhesion thus improves both the behavior of the reinforcing strip and reduces the risk of damage to the construction work, especially by delamination.

La bande de renfort peut être imprégnée ou enduite de résine. La non-adhérence de la bande de renfort durant la mise en tension peut-être obtenue par différents moyens. Par exemple, la bande n'est pas, ou pas encore, enduite de résine, ou bien cette résine n'a pas encore pris.The reinforcing strip may be impregnated or coated with resin. Non-adherence of the reinforcing strip during tensioning can be achieved by various means. For example, the band is not, or not yet, coated with resin, or this resin has not yet taken.

La bande de renfort ayant été mise en tension, on solidarise mécaniquement la bande de renfort avec l'ouvrage. Par « solidariser mécaniquement », on entend immobiliser au moins une partie de la bande de renfort par une liaison mécanique directe (ancrage) ou indirecte (via d'autres éléments) à l'ouvrage et/ou à la bande de renfort elle-même. Cette liaison reprend l'effort de réaction de la bande de renfort due à la mise en tension. La liaison mécanique peut transmettre l'effort de réaction à une zone de l'ouvrage prévue pour cela, par exemple un ancrage permettant de diffuser des efforts de cisaillement dans ou sur la structure de l'ouvrage. La bande peut aussi être placée de telle manière que la transmission de l'effort de réaction à l'ouvrage se traduise par un effort de compression appliqué à l'ouvrage. La bande peut aussi exercer une pression sur l'ouvrage, par exemple si elle entoure totalement ou partiellement une partie ou la totalité de l'ouvrage de construction. En général, on solidarise la bande de renfort à l'ouvrage par la zone sur laquelle on a tiré, mais on peut aussi solidariser la bande par une autre zone de la bande de renfort.The reinforcing strip having been tensioned, the reinforcement strip is mechanically secured to the structure. By "mechanically fasten" is meant to immobilize at least a portion of the reinforcing strip by a direct mechanical connection (anchoring) or indirectly (via other elements) to the structure and / or the reinforcing strip itself . This connection takes the reaction force of the reinforcing strip due to the tensioning. The mechanical connection can transmit the reaction force to an area of the structure provided for this purpose, for example an anchor for diffusing shear forces in or on the structure of the structure. The band can also be placed in such a way that the transmission of the reaction force to the structure results in a compression force applied to the structure. The band may also exert pressure on the structure, for example if it wholly or partially surrounds part or all of the structure. In general, the reinforcing strip is secured to the structure by the zone on which the firing is made, but it is also possible to join the strip by another zone of the reinforcing strip.

Les éventuels ancrages de la bande de renfort ou sa solidarisation mécanique peuvent se faire par collage.Any anchoring of the reinforcing strip or its mechanical attachment can be done by gluing.

A l'issue des étapes précitées, on dispose donc d'une bande de renfort prétendue, qui renforce l'ouvrage de construction sans lui transmettre d'efforts de cisaillement le long de la partie de la bande mise en tension.At the end of the aforementioned steps, there is therefore a so-called reinforcing strip, which reinforces the construction work without transmitting shear forces along the portion of the tensioned strip.

Le procédé comprenant, pour deux bandes de renfort, les étapes suivantes :

  • mettent en oeuvre au moins deux bandes de renfort subissant chacune les étapes précitées ;
  • la mise en tension des bandes de renfort réalisée se fait par rapprochement de la seconde zone d'une première bande de renfort avec une seconde zone d'une seconde bande de renfort, le rapprochement étant obtenu à l'aide de moyens de mise en tension capables de se contracter ; et,
  • les moyens de mise en tension sont maintenus dans une position contractée et solidarisent mécaniquement la partie libre de chaque bande de renfort avec l'ouvrage de construction par l'intermédiaire des moyens de mise en tension et par l'intermédiaire de l'autre bande de renfort.
The method comprising, for two reinforcing strips, the following steps:
  • implement at least two reinforcement strips each undergoing the aforementioned steps;
  • the tensioning of the reinforcement strips produced is done by bringing the second zone of a first reinforcing strip closer to a second zone of a second reinforcing strip, the approximation being obtained by means of tensioning means able to contract; and,
  • the tensioning means are maintained in a contracted position and mechanically fasten the free portion of each reinforcing strip with the construction work by means of tensioning means and through the other band of reinforcement.

À l'issue de l'étape b) de mise en tension, les bandes de renfort sont comprises dans une zone de renfort sensiblement rectangulaire et allongée selon une direction donnée. La zone de renfort comporte une première zone extrême et une seconde zone extrême situées à l'opposé l'une de l'autre dans la direction donnée. A l'étape a), un premier ensemble de bandes de renfort sont ancrées par leurs premières zones sur la première zone extrême de l'ouvrage de construction et un second ensemble de bandes de renfort sont ancrées par leurs premières zones sur la seconde zone extrême de l'ouvrage de construction. A l'étape b), on réalise une mise en tension d'un troisième ensemble de bandes de renfort comportant au moins une bande de renfort du premier ensemble et au moins une bande de renfort du second ensemble. La mise en tension du troisième ensemble est obtenue grâce à un écarteur exerçant des efforts de traction simultanément sur les secondes zones des bandes de renforts du troisième ensemble. Les efforts de traction exercés par l'écarteur éloignent la ou les secondes zones des bandes de renfort du premier ensemble de la ou des secondes zones des bandes de renforts du second ensemble.At the end of the step b) of tensioning, the reinforcing strips are included in a substantially rectangular reinforcing zone and elongated in a given direction. The reinforcement zone has a first extreme zone and a second extreme zone located opposite each other in the given direction. In step a), a first set of reinforcing strips are anchored by their first zones on the first extreme zone of the construction structure and a second set of reinforcement strips are anchored by their first zones on the second extreme zone. of the construction work. In step b), a third set of reinforcing strips comprising at least one reinforcing strip of the first set and at least one reinforcing strip of the second set is tensioned. The third assembly is tensioned by means of a spacer exerting traction forces simultaneously on the second zones of the reinforcement strips of the third assembly. The pulling forces exerted by the spacer move the second zone or zones of the reinforcing strips from the first set of the second zone or zones of the reinforcement strips of the second set.

Les bandes de renfort prétendues ainsi obtenues permettent d'appliquer une précontrainte à l'ouvrage de construction moyennant un encombrement réduit. Le procédé est donc particulièrement indiqué dans des zones de l'ouvrage où l'encombrement rend d'autres solutions de précontrainte délicates à mettre en oeuvre.The so-called reinforcement strips thus obtained make it possible to apply prestressing to the construction work with a small footprint. The method is therefore particularly indicated in areas of the structure where congestion makes other prestressing solutions difficult to implement.

Selon des modes de réalisation particuliers, l'invention peut mettre en oeuvre une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :

  • la bande de renfort est enduite de résine préalablement à sa mise en tension, la mise en tension étant réalisée avant que la résine ne sèche.
  • un élément fin et glissant est inséré sous la partie libre de la bande de renfort préalablement à la mise en tension de l'étape b).
  • à l'étape b), on réalise une mise en tension d'un quatrième ensemble de bandes de renfort comportant au moins une bande de renfort du premier ensemble et au moins une bande de renfort du second ensemble, la mise en tension étant obtenue grâce à un écarteur exerçant des efforts de traction simultanément sur les secondes zones des bandes de renfort du quatrième ensemble, les efforts de traction exercés par l'écarteur éloignant la ou les secondes zones des bandes de renfort du premier ensemble de la ou des secondes zones des bandes de renfort du second ensemble ; et, à l'étape c), on solidarise mécaniquement la partie libre de chaque bande de renfort du quatrième ensemble avec la partie libre d'une bande de renfort du troisième ensemble et on solidarise mécaniquement partie libre de chaque bande de renfort du troisième ensemble avec la partie libre d'une bande de renfort du quatrième ensemble.
  • à l'issue de la mise en tension du troisième ensemble de bandes de renfort et antérieurement à la mise en tension du quatrième ensemble de bandes de renfort, on solidarise mécaniquement les parties libres des bandes de renfort du troisième ensemble directement avec l'ouvrage de construction.
  • à l'issue de leur mise en tension réalisée à l'étape b), les bandes de renfort sont sensiblement parallèles entre elles et à la direction donnée.
  • à l'issue de la mise en tension réalisée à l'étape b), les parties libres des bandes de renfort du troisième ensemble sont chacune dans le prolongement de la partie libre d'une bande de renfort différente du quatrième ensemble.
  • le troisième ensemble de bandes de renfort comporte une seule bande de renfort du premier ensemble et exactement deux bandes de renfort du second ensemble ; et le quatrième ensemble de bandes de renfort comporte exactement deux bandes de renfort du premier ensemble et une seule bande de renfort du second ensemble.
  • les efforts de traction exercés par l'écarteur mis en oeuvre à l'étape b) de mise en tension sont équilibrés vectoriellement et en couple.
  • la ou les bandes de renfort comprennent un tissu de fibres de carbone (TFC).
According to particular embodiments, the invention may implement one or more of the following features:
  • the reinforcing strip is coated with resin prior to its tensioning, the tensioning being performed before the resin dries.
  • a thin and slippery element is inserted under the free portion of the reinforcing strip prior to the tensioning of step b).
  • in step b), a fourth set of reinforcing strips comprising at least one reinforcing strip of the first set and at least one reinforcing strip of the second set is tensioned, the setting being obtained thanks to to a spacer exerting traction forces simultaneously on the second zones of the reinforcement strips of the fourth assembly, the traction forces exerted by the spacer moving the second zone or zones of the reinforcing strips from the first set of the second zone or zones of the reinforcement strips of the second set; and, in step c), the free portion of each reinforcing strip of the fourth assembly is mechanically secured to the free portion of a reinforcing strip of the third set and the free portion of each reinforcing strip of the third set is mechanically secured to each other. with the free part of a reinforcement band of the fourth set.
  • at the end of the tensioning of the third set of reinforcing strips and prior to the tensioning of the fourth set of reinforcement strips, the free portions of the reinforcing strips of the third set are mechanically secured directly to the structure of the reinforcement strips; construction.
  • at the end of their tensioning performed in step b), the reinforcing strips are substantially parallel to each other and to the given direction.
  • at the end of the tensioning performed in step b), the free portions of the reinforcing strips of the third set are each in the extension of the free portion of a reinforcement strip different from the fourth set.
  • the third set of reinforcing strips comprises a single reinforcing strip of the first set and exactly two reinforcement strips of the second set; and the fourth set of reinforcing strips has exactly two reinforcing strips of the first set and a single reinforcing strip of the second set.
  • the tensile forces exerted by the spacer used in step b) of tensioning are balanced vectorially and in pairs.
  • the one or more reinforcing strips comprise a carbon fiber fabric (TFC).

Pour une bande de renfort, à l'étape a), on fixe une première zone de la bande à l'ouvrage par un ancrage qui permet de répartir les efforts que la bande de renfort va appliquer à l'ouvrage. Cette fixation définit au moins une partie libre de la bande de renfort. En fait, si cette première zone est située à une extrémité de la bande de renfort, tout le reste de la bande de renfort devient une partie libre. Si la première zone se trouve à une certaine distance, deux parties libres sont créées, qui sont les deux portions de la bande de renfort de part et d'autre de l'ancrage.For a reinforcing strip, in step a), a first zone of the strip is fixed to the structure by an anchorage which makes it possible to distribute the forces that the reinforcement strip will apply to the structure. This attachment defines at least one free portion of the reinforcing strip. In fact, if this first zone is located at one end of the reinforcing strip, all the rest of the reinforcing strip becomes a free part. If the first zone is at a distance, two free parts are created, which are the two portions of the reinforcing strip on both sides of the anchor.

A l'étape b), on met en tension la partie libre considérée de la bande de renfort. Les bandes de renfort sont relativement élastiques. La mise en tension se fait par traction sur une seconde zone de la bande de renfort, par exemple une extrémité libre de la partie libre. La seconde zone peut aussi ne pas être une extrémité de la bande de renfort. La traction provoque un allongement de la bande de renfort et un effort de réaction de sa part. II est important que la partie de la bande de renfort qui s'allonge soit libre de glisser sur l'ouvrage pendant la mise en tension. En effet, il a été remarqué que, si la bande est adhérente à ce moment-là, elle ne s'allonge pas autant. En outre, dans ce cas, des efforts de cisaillement sont transmis à l'ouvrage pendant la mise en tension et après. Ces efforts sont fréquemment la cause de phénomènes de délamination (arrachage de matière) de l'ouvrage le long de la partie en tension de la bande de renfort.In step b), the free portion of the reinforcement strip is tensioned. The reinforcement strips are relatively elastic. The tensioning is done by pulling on a second zone of the reinforcing strip, for example a free end of the free portion. The second zone may also not be an end of the reinforcing strip. The traction causes an elongation of the reinforcing strip and a reaction force on its part. It is important that the portion of the reinforcing strip that elongates is free to slide on the structure during tensioning. Indeed, it has been noticed that, if the band is adherent to this at that moment, she does not lie so much. In addition, in this case, shear forces are transmitted to the structure during the tensioning and after. These efforts are frequently the cause of delamination phenomena (tearing material) of the structure along the tension portion of the reinforcing strip.

A l'étape c), la bande de renfort ayant été mise en tension, on solidarise mécaniquement la partie libre de la bande de renfort avec l'ouvrage. Solidariser mécaniquement revient à immobiliser la bande de renfort par une liaison mécanique directe (ancrage) ou indirecte (via d'autres éléments) à l'ouvrage. Cette liaison reprend l'effort de réaction de la bande de renfort due à la mise en tension. La liaison transmet l'effort de réaction à une zone de l'ouvrage prévue pour cela, par exemple un ancrage permettant de diffuser des efforts de cisaillement dans ou sur la structure de l'ouvrage. La bande peut aussi être placée de telle manière que la transmission de l'effort de réaction à l'ouvrage ne se traduise par un effort de compression appliqué à l'ouvrage.In step c), the reinforcing strip having been tensioned, mechanically secures the free portion of the reinforcing strip with the structure. To mechanically fasten is to immobilize the reinforcing strip by a direct mechanical connection (anchoring) or indirectly (via other elements) to the structure. This connection takes the reaction force of the reinforcing strip due to the tensioning. The link transmits the reaction force to an area of the structure provided for this purpose, for example an anchor for diffusing shear forces in or on the structure of the structure. The band can also be placed in such a way that the transmission of the reaction force to the structure does not translate into a compression force applied to the structure.

En général, on solidarise la bande de renfort à l'ouvrage par la seconde zone (sur laquelle on a tiré), mais on peut aussi solidariser la bande par une autre zone de la partie libre qui ne soit pas la première zone.In general, the reinforcing strip is secured to the structure by the second zone (on which it has been pulled), but it is also possible to secure the strip by another zone of the free portion which is not the first zone.

A l'issue des étapes ci-dessus, on dispose donc de bandes de renfort prétendues, qui renforcent l'ouvrage de construction sans lui transmettre d'efforts de cisaillement sur sa longueur. Les efforts appliqués par les bandes de renfort à l'ouvrage se situent d'une part, au niveau des ancrages des premières zones et d'autre part, sur la zone de l'ouvrage à laquelle la solidarisation mécanique de la bande transmet l'effort de réaction consécutif à la mise en tension.At the end of the above steps, so-called reinforcement strips are available, which reinforce the construction work without transmitting shear forces along its length. The forces applied by the reinforcing strips to the structure are on the one hand, at the anchorages of the first zones and, on the other hand, on the zone of the structure to which the mechanical fastening of the strip transmits the reaction force following the tensioning.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, on enduit la bande de renfort de résine préalablement à sa mise en tension et on réalise la mise en tension avant que la résine ne sèche. Ainsi, il est possible de mettre en tension sans adhérence de la bande et donc sans création d'efforts de cisaillement locaux transmis à l'ouvrage le long de la partie mise en tension. Une fois la résine sèche, la bande adhère à l'ouvrage et contribue à l'étanchéité.According to a particular embodiment, the resin reinforcing strip is coated before it is put into tension and the tensioning is carried out before the resin dries. Thus, it is possible to tension without adhesion of the strip and thus without creating local shear forces transmitted to the structure along the tensioned portion. Once the resin dries, the band adheres to the structure and contributes to the seal.

De façon à faciliter le glissement de la bande de renfort sur l'ouvrage pendant la mise en tension, un élément fin et glissant peut être inséré préalablement à la mise en tension sous la partie libre de la bande. Cet élément permet de créer une zone de rupture d'adhérence dont on peut ajuster la longueur. Cette longueur peut aller jusqu'à celle de la partie libre de la bande de renfort.In order to facilitate the sliding of the reinforcing strip on the structure during the tensioning, a thin and sliding element can be inserted before the tensioning under the free part of the band. This element makes it possible to create a zone of adhesion failure whose length can be adjusted. This length can go up to that of the free part of the reinforcing strip.

Chacune des bandes subit les étapes a) à c) précitées. Chacune est ancrée à l'ouvrage par une première zone (étape a). Chacune est mise en tension dans sa partie libre par traction sur une seconde zone (étape b). Enfin chacune est solidarisée à l'ouvrage (étape c). Par « solidariser mécaniquement la partie libre », on entend qu'un point ou une zone est ancrée directement ou indirectement à l'ouvrage de construction. De préférence, la solidarisation est faite au niveau de la seconde zone.Each of the bands undergoes the steps a) to c) above. Each is anchored to the structure by a first zone (step a). Each is tensioned in its free portion by pulling on a second zone (step b). Finally, each is solidarized with the work (step c). By mechanically joining the free part, it is meant that a point or zone is anchored directly or indirectly to the structure. Preferably, the fastening is made at the level of the second zone.

La mise en tension peut se faire par des moyens capables de se contracter, comprenant par exemple un vérin, qui rapprochent les secondes zones des deux bandes. Par l'effet de l'élasticité, et du fait qu'elles peuvent glisser, les parties libres des deux bandes s'alignent pour devenir coaxiales. Les moyens de mise en tension servent aussi pour la solidarisation mécanique de chaque bande à l'ouvrage. Chaque bande est donc solidarisée via les moyens de mise en tension en position contractée et via l'autre bande de renfort. L'effort de réaction d'une bande est transmis à l'ouvrage via l'ancrage de la première zone de l'autre bande de renfort. La mise en tension et la solidarisation mécanique sont donc réalisées de manière simple et pratique. Les efforts de réaction des deux bandes de renfort s'annulent l'un l'autre. Aucun effort de cisaillement n'est transmis à l'ouvrage le long des bandes mises en tension.The tensioning can be done by means capable of contracting, comprising for example a jack, which bring the second zones of the two bands together. By the effect of the elasticity, and the fact that they can slide, the free parts of the two bands line up to become coaxial. The tensioning means are also used for the mechanical fastening of each band to the work. Each band is therefore secured via the tensioning means in the contracted position and via the other reinforcing strip. The reaction force of one band is transmitted to the structure via the anchoring of the first zone of the other reinforcing strip. The setting in tension and the mechanical fastening are thus carried out in a simple and practical way. The reaction forces of the two reinforcing strips cancel one another. No shearing force is transmitted to the structure along the tensioned strips.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, le procédé met en oeuvre des bandes de renfort venant renforcer l'ouvrage sur une zone de renfort (ou zone à renforcer) sensiblement rectangulaire et allongée. Chacune des bandes subit les étapes a) à c) précitées. Chacune est ancrée à l'ouvrage par une première zone (étape a). Chacune est mise en tension par traction sur une seconde zone (étape b). Enfin chacune est solidarisée à l'ouvrage (étape c).According to a first embodiment, the method uses reinforcement strips reinforcing the structure on a reinforcing zone (or area to be reinforced) substantially rectangular and elongated. Each of the bands undergoes the steps a) to c) above. Each is anchored to the structure by a first zone (step a). Each is tensioned by pulling on a second zone (step b). Finally, each is solidarized with the work (step c).

Certaines bandes définissant un premier ensemble sont ancrées sur une première zone extrême de la zone de renfort. Les autres bandes définissant un second ensemble sont ancrées sur une deuxième zone extrême de la zone de renfort, située à l'opposé de la première.Some bands defining a first set are anchored to a first end zone of the reinforcement zone. The other bands defining a second set are anchored on a second end zone of the reinforcing zone, located opposite the first.

Pour la mise en tension (étape b), plusieurs bandes définissant un troisième ensemble sont mises en tension simultanément en utilisant un écarteur. Le troisième ensemble comporte au moins une bande du premier ensemble, de préférence une seule, et au moins deux bandes du second ensemble, de préférence exactement deux. Ainsi, le troisième ensemble comporte des bandes ancrées de part et d'autre de la zone de renfort.For the power-up (step b), several bands defining a third set are simultaneously energized using a spacer. The third set comprises at least one band of the first set, preferably one, and at least two bands of the second set, preferably exactly two. Thus, the third set comprises bands anchored on either side of the reinforcement zone.

II est à noter que deux bandes de renfort jointives (superposées ou juxtaposées), de largeur I/2, sont équivalentes du point de vue de la mise en tension à une seule bande de largeur I, toutes choses égales par ailleurs.It should be noted that two adjoining reinforcing strips (superimposed or juxtaposed), of width I / 2, are equivalent from the point of view of the tensioning to a single band of width I, all things being equal.

La mise en tension des bandes du troisième ensemble est réalisée à l'aide d'un écarteur. Celui-ci permet de saisir les bandes par leurs secondes zones et d'éloigner les secondes zones des bandes du premier ensemble de celles des bandes du second ensemble. Les bandes du troisième ensemble sont ensuite solidarisées mécaniquement à l'ouvrage comme décrit ci-dessus pour une bande individuelle.The bands of the third set are tensioned using a spacer. The latter makes it possible to enter the bands by their second zones and to move the second zones away from the bands of the first set of bands from the bands of the second set. The bands of the third set are then mechanically fastened to the structure as described above for an individual band.

On peut aussi solidariser mécaniquement le troisième ensemble comme décrit ci-dessus pour deux bandes, c'est-à-dire en maintenant l'écarteur en place dans une position écartée. On peut aussi lui substituer une pièce de solidarisation du troisième ensemble destinée à rester en place.It is also possible to mechanically fasten the third assembly as described above for two bands, that is to say by keeping the spacer in place in a remote position. It can also substitute a piece of solidarity of the third set to remain in place.

En procédant à une mise en tension simultanée des bandes de renfort du troisième ensemble, on réalise un gain de temps. La mise en oeuvre de l'écarteur est aisée dans la mesure où celui-ci prend appui sur les bandes de renfort elles-mêmes. Les autres avantages déjà mentionnés subsistent (notamment un meilleur comportement des bandes, pas d'efforts de cisaillement locaux le long des bandes).By performing simultaneous tensioning of the reinforcement strips of the third set, a time saving is achieved. The implementation of the spacer is easy to the extent that it is supported on the reinforcement strips themselves. The other advantages already mentioned remain (notably a better behavior of the bands, no local shearing forces along the bands).

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, plusieurs bandes définissant un quatrième ensemble sont mises en tension simultanément en utilisant à nouveau un écarteur. Les bandes de renfort du quatrième ensemble sont en général distinctes de celles du troisième ensemble. Le quatrième ensemble comporte au moins deux bandes du premier ensemble, de préférence exactement deux, et au moins une bande du second ensemble, de préférence une seule. Ainsi, le quatrième ensemble comporte aussi des bandes ancrées avant ou après la mise en tension des bandes du troisième ensemble de part et d'autre de la zone de renfort. L'écarteur permet de saisir les bandes par leurs secondes zones et d'éloigner les secondes zones des bandes du premier ensemble de celles des bandes du second ensemble.According to a particular embodiment, several bands defining a fourth set are simultaneously powered by using a spacer again. The reinforcement strips of the fourth set are generally distinct from those of the third set. The fourth set comprises at least two bands of the first set, preferably exactly two, and at least one band of the second set, preferably only one. Thus, the fourth set also includes anchored strips before or after the tensioning of the third set of bands on either side of the reinforcement zone. The retractor makes it possible to enter the bands by their second zones and to move the second zones of the bands of the first set away from those of the bands of the second set.

On solidarise mécaniquement la partie libre de chaque bande de renfort du quatrième ensemble avec la partie libre d'une bande de renfort du troisième ensemble et réciproquement. Ainsi les efforts de réaction de chaque bande du troisième ensemble sont repris par une bande du quatrième ensemble et transmis à l'ouvrage via cette bande. Les efforts de réaction de deux bandes de renfort ainsi liées s'annulent l'un l'autre. Aucun effort de cisaillement n'est transmis à l'ouvrage le long de ces bandes mises en tension.The free portion of each reinforcing strip of the fourth assembly is mechanically secured to the free portion of a reinforcing strip of the third assembly and vice versa. Thus the reaction efforts of each band of the third set are taken up by a band of the fourth set and transmitted to the book via this band. The reaction forces of two reinforcement bands thus bonded cancel one another. No shearing force is transmitted to the structure along these tensioned strips.

Cette solidarisation d'une partie libre d'une bande sur une autre (c'est-à-dire sur l'ouvrage via une autre bande) se fait de préférence au niveau des secondes zones de chaque bande, qui sont de préférence situées à l'extrémité libre des bandes.This joining of a free part of one band to another (that is to say on the structure via another band) is preferably done at the level of the second zones of each band, which are preferably located at the free end of the bands.

II est possible, après la mise en tension du troisième ensemble de bandes de renfort et antérieurement à la mise en tension du quatrième ensemble de bandes de renfort, de solidariser mécaniquement les parties libres des bandes de renfort du troisième ensemble directement avec l'ouvrage de construction.It is possible, after putting into tension the third set of reinforcement strips and prior to the tensioning of the fourth set of reinforcing strips, to mechanically fasten the free portions of the reinforcement strips of the third set directly with the structure of the reinforcement strips. construction.

Ceci permet de stabiliser les bandes du troisième ensemble avant de mettre en tension le quatrième ensemble. II s'ensuit, mais seulement temporairement, une transmission d'efforts de cisaillement localement là où les bandes du troisième ensemble sont solidarisées directement avec l'ouvrage. L'intérêt de cette opération est de pouvoir dégager facilement l'écarteur ayant servi à la mise en tension du troisième ensemble. La solidarisation mécanique des bandes du quatrième ensemble avec celles du troisième en est facilitée. Après cette solidarisation, les efforts de cisaillement transmis localement par les bandes du troisième ensemble sont diminués, voire annulés.This makes it possible to stabilize the bands of the third set before putting the fourth set in tension. It follows, but only temporarily, transmission of shear forces locally where the bands of the third set are directly attached to the work. The advantage of this operation is to be able to easily release the spacer used to tension the third set. The mechanical fastening of the bands of the fourth set with those of the third is facilitated. After this joining, the shear forces transmitted locally by the bands of the third set are decreased or canceled.

En choisissant convenablement la géométrie, l'agencement et les propriétés mécaniques des bandes de renfort des troisième et quatrième ensembles, on peut obtenir que les écarteurs soient soumis à des efforts de réaction de la part des bandes d'un même ensemble (troisième ou quatrième) qui soient équilibrés vectoriellement, c'est-à-dire dont la résultant soit nulle. Ainsi, il n'est pas nécessaire d'ancrer les écarteurs, qui restent en équilibre pendant les mises en tension des bandes de renfort.By suitably choosing the geometry, arrangement and mechanical properties of the reinforcing strips of the third and fourth sets, it is possible to obtain that the spacers be subjected to reaction forces on the part of the bands of the same set (third or fourth ) which are vector-balanced, that is to say the result of which is zero. Thus, it is not necessary to anchor the spacers, which remain in equilibrium during the tensioning of the reinforcing strips.

En outre, toujours en disposant les bandes de manière adéquate, on peut obtenir que les efforts de réaction des bandes d'un même ensemble (troisième ou quatrième) ne créent pas de moment sur l'écarteur susceptible de le faire tourner. Ainsi il n'est pas nécessaire d'appliquer un moment opposé sur l'écarteur pour empêcher sa rotation pendant la mise en tension.In addition, always arranging the bands adequately, it can be obtained that the reaction forces of the bands of the same set (third or fourth) do not create a moment on the retractor may rotate. Thus it is not necessary to apply an opposite moment on the spacer to prevent its rotation during the tensioning.

Dans l'invention, quel que soit le nombre de bandes de renfort mis en oeuvre, les bandes peuvent comprendre un matériau composite. Ce matériau peut être un tissage de fibres. II peut aussi être un faisceau de fibres. II peut aussi se présenter sous la forme de lamelles. En plus des fibres et/ou des lamelles, les bandes de renfort comprennent de la résine.In the invention, whatever the number of reinforcing strips used, the strips may comprise a composite material. This material can be a fiber weave. It can also be a bundle of fibers. It can also be in the form of lamellae. In addition to the fibers and / or lamellae, the reinforcing strips comprise resin.

Les fibres peuvent comprendre du carbone (fibre de carbone). Elles peuvent comprendre du verre. Elles peuvent également comprendre de l'aramide.The fibers may comprise carbon (carbon fiber). They may include glass. They may also include aramid.

On peut combiner les matériaux composites (carbone, verre, aramide...) ainsi que leur mode de mise en oeuvre (lamelles, tissu, faisceau...).We can combine the composite materials (carbon, glass, aramid ...) as well as their mode of implementation (lamellae, fabric, beam ...).

Le tissu de fibres de carbone est communément appelé « TFC ».Carbon fiber fabric is commonly referred to as "TFC".

L'invention concerne en outre un ouvrage de construction comprenant des bandes de renfort prétendues. Les bandes de renfort prétendues sont obtenues en mettant en oeuvre le procédé tel que décrit ci-dessus.The invention further relates to a construction structure comprising alleged reinforcement strips. The so-called reinforcement strips are obtained by implementing the method as described above.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront dans la description ci-après d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • les figures 1A et 1B représentent schématiquement différentes phases d'une technique de renforcement utilisant deux bandes de renfort solidarisées l'une avec l'autre ;
  • les figures 2A, 2B et 2C représentent des détails des moyens de mise en tension simultanée de deux bandes de renfort ;
  • les figures 3A, 3B et 3C représentent différentes phases d'un procédé selon l'invention mettant en oeuvre des bandes de renfort mises en tension simultanément ;
  • les figures 4A, 4B et 4C représentent des phases qui peuvent venir en complément de celles illustrées par les figures 3A, 3B et 3C dans un autre procédé selon l'invention; et
  • la figure 5 représente une bande de renfort solidarisée mécaniquement avec elle-même.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the following description of nonlimiting exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the Figures 1A and 1B schematically represent different phases of a reinforcement technique using two reinforcing strips secured to one another;
  • the Figures 2A , 2B and 2C represent details of the means for simultaneous tensioning of two reinforcing strips;
  • the FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C represent different phases of a method according to the invention using reinforcement strips simultaneously tensioned;
  • the Figures 4A, 4B and 4C represent phases that may complement those illustrated by the FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C in another method according to the invention; and
  • the figure 5 represents a reinforcing strip mechanically secured with itself.

DESCRIPTION DE MODES DE REALISATIONDESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Pour des raisons de clarté, les dimensions des différents éléments représentés sur ces figures ne sont pas nécessairement en proportion avec leurs dimensions réelles. Sur les figures, des références identiques correspondent à des éléments identiques, mais pas nécessairement mis en oeuvre de manière identique.For the sake of clarity, the dimensions of the different elements shown in these figures are not necessarily in proportion to their actual dimensions. In the figures, identical references correspond to identical elements, but not necessarily implemented identically.

Sur la figure 1A, on a représenté une bande de renfort 2, par exemple en TFC (tissu de fibres de carbone). Elle est ancrée dans ou sur un ouvrage de construction 1. L'ancrage se fait au niveau d'une première zone 1a de la bande 2, par exemple par collage sur l'ouvrage 1. Cet ancrage définit une partie libre 2b, c'est-à-dire la partie de la bande 2 qui n'est pas ancrée sur la structure.On the Figure 1A there is shown a reinforcing strip 2, for example TFC (carbon fiber fabric). It is anchored in or on a building structure 1. The anchoring is done at a first zone 1a of the strip 2, for example by gluing on the structure 1. This anchorage defines a free portion 2b, c ' that is, the portion of the strip 2 that is not anchored to the structure.

Sur la figure 1B, on a représenté la mise en tension de la bande 2 à l'aide de moyens 5. Pour ce faire, on applique un effort de traction R2' sur une seconde zone 2c de la bande 2. Les moyens 5 agissent par contraction obtenue à l'aide d'un système de vérin 5a, 5d compris dans les moyens 5. La traction R2' sur la bande 2 provoque un allongement d2 et un effort de réaction R2 de la bande 2 sur les moyens de mise en tension 5.On the Figure 1B , the tensioning of the strip 2 is represented by means 5. To do this, a traction force R2 'is applied to a second zone 2c of the strip 2. The means 5 act by contraction obtained at using a jack system 5a, 5d included in the means 5. The traction R2 'on the band 2 causes an elongation d2 and a reaction force R2 of the band 2 on the tensioning means 5.

La bande 2 est ensuite solidarisée mécaniquement à l'ouvrage 1. Sur les figures 1A et 1B, cela se fait par l'intermédiaire d'une autre bande de renfort 3. L'effort de réaction R2 est transmis à l'ouvrage dans une zone pouvant supporter cet effort. Ici, cette zone est une zone 3a d'ancrage de la bande 3.The strip 2 is then mechanically secured to the structure 1. On the Figures 1A and 1B this is done via another reinforcing strip 3. The reaction force R2 is transmitted to the structure in an area that can withstand this effort. Here, this zone is an anchoring zone 3a of the strip 3.

Sur la figure 2A, on voit que l'effort R2 peut être transmis par une mèche de fibres 2d provenant du tissage de la bande 2 ou collée sur lui. La jonction entre la mèche 2d et la bande 2 se fait par une ou plusieurs stratifications en fouet. La mèche 2d est raccordée par l'intermédiaire d'une tête à chas 5c à une tige filetée 5d engagée dans un ridoir 5a.On the Figure 2A it can be seen that the stress R2 can be transmitted by a wick of fibers 2d originating from the weaving of the band 2 or glued to it. The junction between the wick 2d and the band 2 is by one or more lamination whip. The wick 2d is connected via an eye head 5c to a threaded rod 5d engaged in a turnbuckle 5a.

La figure 2B montre un agrandissement de la tête à chas 5c qui présente d'un côté un chas et de l'autre un filetage pour l'engagement de la tige filetée 5d.The Figure 2B shows an enlargement of the eye head 5c which has on one side an eye and the other a thread for the engagement of the threaded rod 5d.

La figure 2C montre comment la mèche 2d peut être engagée dans la tête à chas 5c. La mèche 2d est ici une boucle présentant deux stratifications en fouet au niveau de la jonction avec la seconde zone 2c de la bande 2.The Figure 2C shows how the wick 2d can be engaged in the eye head 5c. The wick 2d is here a loop having two whiplass stretches at the junction with the second zone 2c of the band 2.

La bande 2 peut être enduite sur sa partie 2b de résine à prise lente. On réalise la mise en tension de la bande 2 avant que la résine ne sèche, de sorte que la bande de renfort 2 soit plus libre de glisser sur l'ouvrage 1 au cours de son allongement d2.The band 2 can be coated on its part 2b of slow setting resin. The band 2 is tensioned before the resin dries, so that the reinforcing strip 2 is more free to slide on the structure 1 during its elongation d2.

Pour faciliter le glissement, on peut insérer un élément fin et glissant (non-représenté) sous la partie libre 2b de la bande de renfort 2 préalablement à la mise en tension. Par exemple, on peut obtenir une rupture d'adhérence temporaire à l'aide d'une membrane adéquate, telle que du polyane ou de la peinture anti-adhésive.To facilitate sliding, it is possible to insert a thin sliding element (not shown) under the free portion 2b of the reinforcing strip 2 prior to tensioning. For example, temporary adhesion failure can be achieved with a suitable membrane, such as polyane or non-stick paint.

Toutes les caractéristiques de la bande 2 mentionnées ci-dessus peuvent se retrouver dans d'autres bandes de renfort éventuellement mises en oeuvre par le procédé selon l'invention.All the characteristics of the band 2 mentioned above can be found in other reinforcement strips possibly implemented by the method according to the invention.

Les figures 1A et 1B illustrent aussi le cas d'une mise en tension d'une bande de renfort 3 en TFC faite en même temps que celle de la bande 2. La bande 3 est ancrée par une seconde zone 3a. Les moyens 5 de mise en tension rapprochent les secondes zones 2c et 3c l'une de l'autre, provoquant l'allongement et la mise en tension simultanée des deux bandes 2 et 3. Les moyens 5 se contractent grâce au vérin constitué par les éléments 5a, 5d et un analogue de 5d situé de l'autre côté du ridoir 5a, du côté de la bande 3.The Figures 1A and 1B also illustrate the case of a tensioning of a TFC reinforcement strip 3 made at the same time as that of the strip 2. The strip 3 is anchored by a second zone 3a. The tensioning means 5 bring the second zones 2c and 3c close to one another, causing the two strips 2 and 3 to elongate and put into simultaneous tension. The means 5 contract with the jack constituted by the elements 5a, 5d and a 5d analogue located on the other side of the turnbuckle 5a, on the side of the band 3.

La bande 3 s'allonge de d3 et applique sur les moyens 5 un effort de réaction R3. Les efforts R2 et R3 sont équilibrés vectoriellement (résultante nulle). Le moment résultant est également nul. Les moyens 5 de mises en tension sont donc en équilibre et il n'est pas nécessaire de les empêcher de tourner.The band 3 extends from d3 and applies on the means 5 a reaction force R3. The R2 and R3 efforts are vector-balanced (zero resultant). The resulting moment is also nil. The tensioning means 5 are therefore in equilibrium and it is not necessary to prevent them from rotating.

Les moyens 5 restent ensuite dans une position contractée, assurant la solidarisation mécanique de la bande 3 à l'ouvrage 1 par l'intermédiaire de l'autre bande 2, et réciproquement.The means 5 then remain in a contracted position, ensuring the mechanical joining of the band 3 to the work 1 through the other band 2, and vice versa.

Les figures 3A à 4C représentent des modes de réalisation mettant en oeuvre des bandes de renfort selon un procédé conforme à l'invention.The FIGS. 3A to 4C represent embodiments using reinforcement strips according to a method according to the invention.

Les figures 3A à 3C concernent trois bandes 2, 3, 4 destinées à renforcer une zone 10 allongée de l'ouvrage 1. Un premier ensemble de bandes, en fait la bande 2, est ancré par la première zone 2a à une zone extrême 10a de la zone 10. Un second ensemble de bandes, en fait les bandes 3 et 4, est ancré par les premières zones 3a et 4a à une seconde zone extrême 10b, située à l'opposée de la zone 10a dans la zone à renforcer 10.The FIGS. 3A to 3C three bands 2, 3, 4 are intended to reinforce an elongated zone 10 of the structure 1. A first set of bands, in fact the band 2, is anchored by the first zone 2a to an extreme zone 10a of the zone 10. A second set of bands, in fact the bands 3 and 4, is anchored by the first zones 3a and 4a to a second extreme zone 10b situated opposite the zone 10a in the zone to be reinforced 10.

Les extrémités libres des bandes 2 à 4, qui sont ici leurs secondes zones, se situent dans une zone médiane 10c de la zone 10 à renforcer. Les secondes zones 2c, 3c, 4c, sont engagées dans un écarteur 5, 5a. La partie 5 est par exemple dotée de mâchoires capables de se fixer sur les secondes zones 2c, 3c, 4c des bandes. De manière alternative, on pourrait envisager d'utiliser un écarteur qui enroule les bandes.The free ends of the strips 2 to 4, which are here their second zones, are located in a median zone 10c of the zone 10 to be reinforced. The second zones 2c, 3c, 4c are engaged in a spacer 5, 5a. Part 5 is for example equipped with jaws capable of being fixed on the seconds zones 2c, 3c, 4c of the bands. Alternatively, one could consider using a spacer that wraps the bands.

Les bandes forment un troisième ensemble de bandes qui comprend donc le premier ensemble (ancré passivement d'un côté de la zone à renforcer) et un second ensemble (ancré passivement de l'autre côté de la zone à renforcer). On met ce troisième ensemble en tension en déformant l'écarteur par exemple à l'aide d'un vérin 5a. L'écarteur 5 éloigne les secondes zones 2c des bandes du premier ensemble des secondes zones 3c et 4c des bandes du second ensemble.The bands form a third set of bands which thus includes the first set (passively anchored on one side of the area to be reinforced) and a second set (passively anchored on the other side of the area to be reinforced). This third set is put in tension by deforming the spacer for example using a jack 5a. The spacer 5 moves the second zones 2c away from the bands of the first set of second zones 3c and 4c of the bands of the second set.

Lorsqu'on a atteint le degré de tension voulu, on solidarise chacune des trois bandes avec l'ouvrage 1, en maintenant l'écarteur 5 dans une position écartée. On peut aussi solidariser les bandes directement avec l'ouvrage si sa structure s'y prête. On peut aussi substituer à l'écarteur une pièce de blocage destinée à rester en place.When the desired degree of tension is reached, each of the three bands is secured to the structure 1, keeping the spacer 5 in a remote position. It is also possible to join the strips directly with the structure if its structure lends itself to it. It is also possible to replace the spacer with a locking piece intended to remain in place.

Selon un mode de réalisation, les bandes 2 et 4 sont deux fois plus larges que la bande 2 et les bandes sont toutes de même longueur. L'effort R2 est deux fois plus important que les efforts R3 et R4 et en sens contraire. Si les distances entre deux bandes consécutives sont identiques, les efforts sont équilibrés en moment (moment résultant nul). Ceci facilite la mise en oeuvre de l'écarteur.According to one embodiment, the strips 2 and 4 are twice as wide as the strip 2 and the strips are all the same length. The effort R2 is twice as large as the efforts R3 and R4 and in the opposite direction. If the distances between two consecutive bands are identical, the efforts are balanced in moment (resulting moment null). This facilitates the implementation of the spacer.

Le procédé peut être complété par la mise en oeuvre d'un quatrième ensemble de bandes de renfort en TFC 6, 7 et 8. Sur la figure 4A, les bandes 7 et 8 appartiennent au premier ensemble (elles sont ancrées par leurs premières zones 7a et 8a dans la première zone extrême 10a, avant ou après la mise en tension de la bande 2 du troisième ensemble) et la bande 6 appartient au second ensemble (bande ancrée par sa première zone 6a dans la seconde zone extrême 10 b, avant ou après la mise en tension des bandes 3 et 4 du troisième ensemble).The method can be completed by the implementation of a fourth set of reinforcement strips in TFC 6, 7 and 8. Figure 4A the strips 7 and 8 belong to the first set (they are anchored by their first zones 7a and 8a in the first end zone 10a, before or after the tensioning of the band 2 of the third set) and the band 6 belongs to the second set together (band anchored by its first zone 6a in the second extreme zone 10b, before or after the tensioning of the bands 3 and 4 of the third set).

Les bandes 6, 7 et 8 du quatrième ensemble sont mises en tension de manière semblable à celle des bandes 2, 3 et 4 du troisième ensemble (voir figure 4B) à l'aide d'un écarteur 9.The strips 6, 7 and 8 of the fourth set are tensioned in a manner similar to that of the strips 2, 3 and 4 of the third set (see Figure 4B ) using a retractor 9.

Après la mise en tension, on solidarise mécaniquement (figure 4C) la seconde zone de chaque bande du troisième ensemble avec la seconde zone d'une bande correspondante du troisième ensemble. Puis on enlève l'écarteur 9. Sur la figure 4C, la bande 6 est collée sur la bande 2, le collage intervenant au niveau des secondes zones 6c et 2c qui sont à peu près superposées. La bande 7 est collée sur la bande 3, le collage intervenant au niveau des secondes zones 7c et 3c. Enfin, la bande 8 est collée sur la bande 4, le collage intervenant au niveau des secondes zones 8c et 4c. Ainsi, les efforts de réaction R6, R7, R8 des bandes du quatrième ensemble sont annulés deux à deux par les efforts R2, R3, R4 des bandes du troisième ensemble.After putting in tension, one mechanically solidarises ( figure 4C ) the second zone of each band of the third set with the second zone of a corresponding band of the third set. Then remove the retractor 9. On the figure 4C , the band 6 is bonded to the band 2, the bonding occurring at the second areas 6c and 2c which are approximately superimposed. The band 7 is bonded to the band 3, the bonding occurring at the second zones 7c and 3c. Finally, the band 8 is glued on the band 4, the bonding occurring at the second zones 8c and 4c. Thus, the reaction forces R6, R7, R8 of the bands of the fourth set are canceled in pairs by the efforts R2, R3, R4 of the bands of the third set.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, les bandes 6, 7, 8 du quatrième ensemble ont la même longueur et la même largeur que les bandes homologues du troisième ensemble auxquelles elles sont solidarisées, de manière à former un dessin complémentaire à celui formé par le troisième ensemble. On peut alors disposer les bandes pour qu'elles occupent in fine trois rails (2, 6), (3, 7) et (4, 8) contigus, de manière à couvrir complètement la zone à renforcer 10.According to a particular embodiment, the strips 6, 7, 8 of the fourth set have the same length and the same width as the homologous strips of the third set to which they are secured, so as to form a drawing complementary to that formed by the third together. The strips can then be arranged so that they ultimately occupy three contiguous rails (2, 6), (3, 7) and (4, 8) so as to completely cover the area to be reinforced 10.

La figure 5 représente une bande de renfort solidarisée mécaniquement avec elle-même. La bande de renfort 2 ceinture presque complètement l'ouvrage de construction 1. Elle le ceinture complètement si on inclut les moyens de mise en tension 5, 5a. La mise en tension se fait par traction sur la seconde zone 2c. On retient (par exemple par un ancrage) ou on tire également sur la zone 2c'. La bande de renfort est solidarisée mécaniquement avec elle-même via les moyens de mise en tension. La tension de la bande est transmise à l'ouvrage par la pression que la bande 2 exerce sur l'ouvrage 1. La bande 2 est ancrée à l'ouvrage, par un point situé sur sa longueur par exemple, par collage.The figure 5 represents a reinforcing strip mechanically secured with itself. The reinforcing strip 2 almost completely surrounds the construction structure 1. It completely surrounds it if the tensioning means 5, 5a are included. The tensioning is done by pulling on the second zone 2c. One retains (for example by an anchoring) or one pulls also on the zone 2c '. The reinforcing strip is mechanically secured to itself via the tensioning means. The tension of the band is transmitted to the structure by the pressure that the band 2 exerts on the structure 1. The band 2 is anchored to the structure, for example by a point along its length, by gluing.

Claims (11)

Procédé de renforcement d'un ouvrage de construction (1), mettant en oeuvre des bandes de renfort (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8),
le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes pour chacune des bandes de renfort : a) ancrage d'une première zone (2a, 3a, 4a, 6a, 7a, 8a) de la bande de renfort sur l'ouvrage de construction et constitution d'une partie libre de la bande de renfort ; b) mise en tension de la bande de renfort (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8) par traction sur une seconde zone (2c, 3c, 4c, 6c, 7c, 8c) de la bande de renfort située dans la partie libre, la traction provoquant un allongement (d2, d3, d4, d6, d7, d8) et un effort de réaction (R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8) de la bande de renfort, la partie libre de la bande de renfort étant libre de glisser sur l'ouvrage de construction du fait de son allongement; et c) solidarisation mécanique de la bande de renfort avec l'ouvrage de construction, de manière à reprendre l'effort de réaction de la bande de renfort dans une zone de l'ouvrage de construction pouvant supporter l'effort de réaction de la bande de renfort, dans lequel, à l'issue de l'étape b) de mise en tension, les bandes de renfort sont comprises dans une zone de renfort (10) sensiblement rectangulaire et allongée selon une direction donnée, la zone de renfort comportant une première zone extrême (10a) et une seconde zone extrême (10b) situées à l'opposé l'une de l'autre dans la direction donnée,
dans lequel, à l'étape a), un premier ensemble de bandes de renfort (2, 7, 8) sont ancrées par leurs premières zones (2a, 7a, 8a) sur la première zone extrême (10a) de l'ouvrage de construction et un second ensemble de bandes de renfort (3, 4, 6) sont ancrées par leurs premières zones (3a, 4a, 6a) sur la seconde zone extrême (10b) de l'ouvrage de construction,
et dans lequel, à l'étape b), on réalise une mise en tension d'un troisième ensemble (2, 3, 4) de bandes de renfort comportant au moins une bande de renfort (2) du premier ensemble (2, 7, 8) et au moins une bande de renfort (3, 4) du second ensemble (3, 4, 6), la mise en tension du troisième ensemble étant obtenue grâce à un écarteur (5, 5a) exerçant des efforts de traction (R2, R3, R4) simultanément sur les secondes zones (2c, 3c, 4c) des bandes de renfort (2, 3, 4) du troisième ensemble, les efforts de traction (R2, R3, R4) exercés par l'écarteur (5, 5a) éloignant la ou les secondes zones (2c) des bandes de renfort (2) du premier ensemble de la ou des secondes zones (3c, 4c) des bandes de renfort (3, 4) du second ensemble.Method for reinforcing a construction structure (1), using reinforcing strips (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8),
the method comprising the following steps for each of the reinforcing strips: a) anchoring a first zone (2a, 3a, 4a, 6a, 7a, 8a) of the reinforcing strip on the construction structure and forming a free portion of the reinforcing strip; b) tensioning the reinforcing strip (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8) by pulling on a second zone (2c, 3c, 4c, 6c, 7c, 8c) of the reinforcement strip located in the free part, the traction causing an elongation (d2, d3, d4, d6, d7, d8) and a reaction force (R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8) of the reinforcing strip, the free part of the reinforcing strip being free to slide on the construction work because of its lengthening; and c) mechanically fastening the reinforcing strip with the construction structure, so as to resume the reaction force of the reinforcing strip in an area of the construction structure that can withstand the reaction force of the strip of reinforcement reinforcement, in which, after the tensioning step b), the reinforcement strips are comprised in a substantially rectangular reinforcing zone (10) elongate in a given direction, the reinforcement zone comprising a first extreme zone (10a) and a second end zone (10b) located opposite each other in the given direction,
in which, in step a), a first set of reinforcing strips (2, 7, 8) are anchored by their first zones (2a, 7a, 8a) on the first end zone (10a) of the structure of construction and a second set of reinforcing strips (3, 4, 6) are anchored by their first zones (3a, 4a, 6a) on the second end zone (10b) of the construction structure,
and in which, in step b), a third set (2, 3, 4) of reinforcing strips comprising at least one reinforcing strip (2) of the first set (2, 7) is tensioned. , 8) and at least one reinforcement band (3, 4) of the second set (3, 4, 6), the tensioning of the third set being obtained by means of a retractor (5, 5a) exerting traction forces ( R2, R3, R4) simultaneously on the second zones (2c, 3c, 4c) of the reinforcement strips (2, 3, 4) of the third assembly, the traction forces (R2, R3, R4) exerted by the spacer ( 5, 5a) moving away the second zone or zones (2c) from the reinforcing bands (2) of the first set of the second zone or zones (3c, 4c) of the reinforcing bands (3, 4) of the second set. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la bande de renfort (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8) est enduite de résine préalablement à sa mise en tension, la mise en tension étant réalisée avant que la résine ne sèche.The method of claim 1, wherein the reinforcing strip (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8) is coated with resin prior to its tensioning, the tensioning being performed before the resin dries. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel un élément fin et glissant est inséré sous la partie libre de la bande de renfort préalablement à la mise en tension de l'étape b).The method of claim 1, wherein a thin slidable member is inserted under the free portion of the reinforcing strip prior to tensioning step b). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel : - à l'étape b), on réalise une mise en tension d'un quatrième ensemble (6, 7, 8) de bandes de renfort comportant au moins une bande de renfort (7, 8) du premier ensemble (2, 7, 8) et au moins une bande de renfort (6) du second ensemble (3, 4, 6), la mise en tension étant obtenue grâce à un écarteur (9, 9a) exerçant des efforts de traction (R6, R7, R8) simultanément sur les secondes zones (6c, 7c, 8c) des bandes de renfort (6, 7, 8) du quatrième ensemble, les efforts de traction (R6, R7, R8) exercés par l'écarteur (9, 9a) éloignant la ou les secondes zones (7c, 8c) des bandes de renfort (7, 8) du premier ensemble de la ou des secondes zones (6c) des bandes de renfort (6) du second ensemble ; et - à l'étape c), on solidarise mécaniquement la partie libre de chaque bande de renfort (6, 7, 8) du quatrième ensemble avec la partie libre d'une bande de renfort (2, 3, 4) du troisième ensemble et on solidarise mécaniquement la partie libre de chaque bande de renfort (2, 3, 4) du troisième ensemble avec la partie libre d'une bande de renfort (6, 7, 8) du quatrième ensemble. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein: in step b), a fourth set (6, 7, 8) of reinforcing strips comprising at least one reinforcing strip (7, 8) of the first set (2, 7, 8) and at least one reinforcing strip (6) of the second set (3, 4, 6), the tensioning being obtained by means of a retractor (9, 9a) exerting traction forces (R6, R7, R8) simultaneously on the second zones (6c, 7c, 8c) of the reinforcing strips (6, 7, 8) of the fourth assembly, the traction forces (R6, R7, R8) exerted by the spacer (9, 9a) away from the or the second zones (7c, 8c) of the reinforcement strips (7, 8) of the first set of the second zone or zones (6c) of the reinforcement strips (6) of the second set; and in step c), the free portion of each reinforcing strip (6, 7, 8) of the fourth assembly is mechanically secured to the free portion of a reinforcing strip (2, 3, 4) of the third assembly and the free portion of each reinforcing strip (2, 3, 4) of the third assembly is mechanically secured to the free portion of a reinforcement strip (6, 7, 8) of the fourth assembly. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel, à l'issue de la mise en tension du troisième ensemble (2, 3, 4) de bandes de renfort et antérieurement à la mise en tension du quatrième ensemble (6, 7, 8) de bandes de renfort, on solidarise mécaniquement les partie libres des bandes de renfort (2, 3, 4) du troisième ensemble directement avec l'ouvrage de construction (1).A method according to claim 4, wherein, after the third set (2, 3, 4) of tensioning strips has been tensioned and prior to the tensioning of the fourth set (6, 7, 8) of reinforcing strips, mechanically secures the free portions of the reinforcement strips (2, 3, 4) of the third set directly with the construction work (1). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, à l'issue de leur mise en tension réalisée à l'étape b), les bandes de renfort (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8) sont sensiblement parallèles entre elles et à la direction donnée.Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which, after being put into tension in step b), the reinforcing strips (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8) are substantially parallel between them and the given direction. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 et 5, dans lequel, à l'issue de la mise en tension réalisée à l'étape b), les parties libres des bandes de renfort (2, 3, 4) du troisième ensemble sont chacune dans le prolongement de la partie libre d'une bande de renfort (6, 7, 8) différente du quatrième ensemble.Method according to any one of claims 4 and 5, wherein, at the end of the tensioning performed in step b), the free portions of the reinforcement strips (2, 3, 4) of the third set are each in the extension of the free portion of a reinforcement strip (6, 7, 8) different from the fourth set. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4, 5 et 7, dans lequel : - le troisième ensemble (2, 3, 4) de bandes de renfort comporte une seule bande de renfort (2) du premier ensemble (2, 7, 8) et exactement deux bandes de renfort (3, 4) du second ensemble (3, 4, 6) ; et - le quatrième ensemble (6, 7, 8) de bandes de renfort comporte exactement deux bandes de renfort (7, 8) du premier ensemble (2, 7, 8) et une seule bande de renfort (6) du second ensemble (3, 4, 6). A process according to any one of claims 4, 5 and 7, wherein: the third set (2, 3, 4) of reinforcement strips comprises a single reinforcing strip (2) of the first set (2, 7, 8) and exactly two reinforcing strips (3, 4) of the second set (3 , 4, 6); and the fourth set (6, 7, 8) of reinforcement strips comprises exactly two reinforcing strips (7, 8) of the first set (2, 7, 8) and a single reinforcing strip (6) of the second set (3 , 4, 6). Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les efforts de traction (R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8) exercés par l'écarteur (5, 5a, 9, 9a) mis en oeuvre à l'étape b) de mise en tension sont équilibrés vectoriellement et en couple.Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the traction forces (R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R8) exerted by the spacer (5, 5a, 9, 9a) implemented at the step b) tensioning are balanced vectorially and in pairs. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la ou les bandes de renfort comprennent un tissu de fibres de carbone (TFC).A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more reinforcing strips comprise a carbon fiber cloth (TFC). Ouvrage de construction comprenant au moins des bandes de renfort prétendues, réalisées en mettant en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.Construction work comprising at least so-called reinforcement strips made by implementing the method according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP11193508.6A 2010-12-15 2011-12-14 Method for reinforcing a construction structure by means of reinforcing strips Active EP2466036B1 (en)

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FR1060548A FR2969196B1 (en) 2010-12-15 2010-12-15 METHOD FOR REINFORCING A CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE USING AT LEAST ONE REINFORCING STRIP

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US11309312B2 (en) * 2019-12-04 2022-04-19 Nanya Technology Corporation Semiconductor device

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EP2466036B1 (en) 2016-04-06
ES2576842T3 (en) 2016-07-11
FR2969196B1 (en) 2014-02-07
FR2969196A1 (en) 2012-06-22
US8595912B2 (en) 2013-12-03
PL2466036T3 (en) 2016-10-31

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