EP2461219B1 - Acoustic membrane for a musical box or an alarm watch - Google Patents
Acoustic membrane for a musical box or an alarm watch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2461219B1 EP2461219B1 EP10193425.5A EP10193425A EP2461219B1 EP 2461219 B1 EP2461219 B1 EP 2461219B1 EP 10193425 A EP10193425 A EP 10193425A EP 2461219 B1 EP2461219 B1 EP 2461219B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- watch
- acoustic
- thickness
- case
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 178
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000005300 metallic glass Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 23
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000089486 Phragmites australis subsp australis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B37/00—Cases
- G04B37/0075—Cases with means to enhance sound transmission
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
- G04G17/00—Structural details; Housings
- G04G17/02—Component assemblies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K13/00—Cones, diaphragms, or the like, for emitting or receiving sound in general
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
- G10K9/18—Details, e.g. bulbs, pumps, pistons, switches or casings
- G10K9/20—Sounding members
Definitions
- the invention relates to an acoustic radiation membrane for a music box, such as a musical watch, or a striking watch.
- the invention also relates to a watch, which comprises an acoustic radiation membrane.
- the watch comprises a watch case consisting essentially of a middle part and a case-back fixed in a sealed and removable manner on the middle part.
- a mirror is placed on a side opposite the bottom to seal said box.
- a watch movement is kept inside the watch case and provided with a striking mechanism capable of being activated in determined periods to produce sound or music.
- the acoustic radiation membrane is connected to the box to radiate the sound produced by the striking mechanism to the outside of the box.
- a watch movement of traditional architecture can also include a striking mechanism for generating sound or music.
- the bell of the striking watch or the keypad of the musical watch are placed inside the watch case.
- the vibrations of the stamp or the blades of the keyboard are transmitted to the trim parts.
- These covering parts are, for example, the middle part, the bezel, the crystal and the back of the watch case. These large rooms begin to radiate sound in the air under the effect of the vibrations transmitted.
- these trim pieces are able to radiate the sound produced in the air.
- the acoustic efficiency based on the complex vibro-acoustic transduction of the trim parts, is low.
- account must be taken of the material, geometry and boundary conditions of the trim pieces.
- the configurations of these trim parts are also dependent on the aesthetics of the watch and the operating constraints, which can limit the possibilities of adaptation.
- this membrane In a standard striking watch, which is provided for example with an acoustic membrane, this membrane is sandwiched between part of the middle part and the back of the watch case.
- the back In the case of a luxury watch, the back can be made of a precious material, such as gold.
- the membrane On contact with the membrane, which is generally made of steel, with the gold bottom, an electro-chemical potential difference can occur, especially in a humid environment. This is liable to promote corrosion of said membrane at the level of contact with the gold background, which is a drawback. It must therefore also be found a stainless material without a potential difference with gold and whose internal damping is low.
- the object of the invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of the above-mentioned state of the art by providing an acoustic radiation membrane for a music box or a striking watch, produced in such a way as to obtain the most uniform acoustic performance possible. on the audible frequency band, mainly in the frequency interval between 1 kHz and 4 kHz.
- the invention relates to an acoustic radiation membrane comprising the characteristics defined in independent claim 1.
- An advantage of the acoustic radiation membrane according to the present invention lies in the fact that it is made with at least two regions of circularly asymmetric shape formed in the material of the membrane or with at least two regions of circularly asymmetric shape having a different thickness from the general thickness of the membrane. It may include several regions of circularly asymmetric shape which are excavated in the material of the membrane. Preferably, two excavated regions of dimension different are planned. A first region is machined for example by etching or hollowing in the membrane to have a first constant thickness, and a second region is machined in the membrane to have a second constant thickness less than the first thickness.
- the two regions of circularly asymmetric shape are machined to define, for example, first and second ellipses as a circularly asymmetric shape. These ellipses are offset from each other with respect to the center of the membrane and partially overlap.
- the membrane can be made of amorphous metal or of metallic glass, or also of gold, or even of brass or of another material having a density, a Young's modulus and an elastic limit, which are similar.
- the arrangement of the circularly asymmetric regions can thus make it possible to increase the number of natural frequencies in the useful acoustic frequency band, namely between 1 kHz and 4 kHz, in order also to increase the overall acoustic level.
- the widening of the soundtrack can be combined with a very low internal damping, which makes it possible to obtain a very good sound efficiency.
- the invention also relates to a watch provided with an acoustic radiation membrane comprising the characteristics defined in independent claim 12.
- the figure 1 shows a top view of the acoustic radiation membrane 1 for a music box, such as a musical watch, or a striking watch.
- the membrane 1 is produced with a spatially inhomogeneous thickness, that is to say it comprises regions, which have been machined in the total thickness of the membrane. The machined regions each have a different uniform thickness.
- the excavated regions of different thickness have circular asymmetric shapes in top view.
- the circularly asymmetrical shapes are preferably ellipses 2, 3 excavated in a bottom part 4 of a circular membrane 1, which may be shaped like a cuvette as explained below with reference to figures 2 and 4 . These ellipses 2, 3 are partly superimposed.
- the membrane 1 can be a circular membrane with a diameter of about 40 mm at the edge and a diameter of about 31 mm at its bottom 4 by way of non-limiting example.
- These two regions in the form of an ellipse occupy a large part of the surface of the membrane seen in plan so as to increase the number of natural modes of vibration in the band of audible frequencies desired between 1 kHz and 4 kHz.
- the regions in the form of an ellipse are normally determined taking into account the following simplified formula for the frequency ⁇ of the vibration modes of an elliptical membrane: ⁇ 2 not , m ⁇ E ⁇ h ⁇ not / b 2 + m / at 2 / ⁇ ⁇ 1 - v 2
- E the Young's modulus
- h the thickness of the membrane
- a and b are the half-axes of the ellipse
- p is the density of the material of the membrane
- v is the Poisson's ratio (at roughly of the order of 0.3)
- n and m are integers, which number the modes of vibration and represent the number of nodes spatially of the corresponding vibration of the membrane.
- the number of nodes in the direction of half-axis a and half-axis b is m-1, respectively n-1.
- this corresponds to a vibration, which has two nodes in the direction of semi-axis a, and a node in the direction of semi-axis b.
- the frequency increases with the square root of the Young's modulus E and the thickness h, but on the other hand decreases by increasing the semi-axes a and b, that is to say the area of the ellipse.
- an elliptical membrane has a double number of vibration modes with respect to a circular membrane. It is therefore possible to flatten the overall frequency response by eliminating the circular symmetry of the membrane.
- the circularly asymmetric regions preferably in the form of an ellipse 2, 3 of the acoustic membrane 1 according to the invention, are configured so that the first natural modes of vibration are located in the audible frequency band between 1 kHz and 4 kHz. With such ellipses, this makes it possible to perform better geometric optimization, than for other circularly asymmetric shapes.
- a circular membrane of uniform thickness supports several eigen modes of vibration, which are defined by k N.
- Each eigenmode is characterized by a defined number of nodes N. Thanks to the realization of regions of different thickness, which are called S j with j ranging from 1 to n, and for each defined number of nodes N, it is counted several vibration modes k NOT l having this number of nodes. These modes differ from each other by their spatial form and / or their orientation in the plane of the membrane. The energy difference between these modes depends on the thickness and the shape of the regions S j and can therefore be reduced at will. This multiplication of modes in each energy interval makes it possible to widen the response band of the membrane. For simplicity of calculation and of practical realization, it is considered the specific case where the regions of different thickness are two ellipses.
- the first modes of vibration are found with uniform amplification in the desired frequency band, for example between 1 kHz and 4 kHz.
- the overall acoustic level is also increased for the perception by a user of the notes radiated by the membrane of the music box or the striking watch.
- the circular membrane 1 can have a diameter equal to 40 mm at the edge and a diameter equal to 31 mm at its bottom 4. It can be made with a material, such as metallic glass based on zirconia, which has a density or density equal to 5,100 kg / m 3 .
- the material used for the membrane can have a Young's modulus, which can vary between 97 and 110 GPa, while its elastic limit can vary between 1.5 and 2.2 GPa.
- the maximum thickness of the membrane can be of the order of 0.3 mm, while the minimum thickness can vary between 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm, depending on the sound effects to be obtained. If the density is larger, while the Young's modulus is smaller, a membrane thickness greater than 0.3 mm may be allowed, but under these conditions the membrane is less acoustically efficient.
- the size of the first ellipse 2, which is excavated in the bottom 4 of the membrane, is 12 mm for the semi-major axis and 6 mm for the semi-minor axis with a thickness of 0.15 mm.
- the size of the second ellipse 3, which is excavated in the bottom 4 of the membrane partly superimposed on the first ellipse and crossed, is 11 mm for the semi major axis and 7 mm for the semi minor axis with a thickness of 0.2 mm.
- the centers c, c 'of the first and second ellipses 2, 3 can be offset from each other for example by 13.5 mm, and the angle between the major axes of the two ellipses can be of the order of 60 ° .
- the density of vibration modes of the membrane is maximized in the desired audible frequency band. It can also be envisaged to adapt the thicknesses and the surface of the ellipses as a function of the desired tightness, of the indeformability or the deformability of the desired membrane.
- the ratio between the half-axes of the ellipses excavated in the membrane and the radius of the circular membrane should in principle be in the range 2/3 to 1.
- the ratio between the two thicknesses of the ellipses should be in the interval 1/2 to 4/5.
- the minimum thickness should not be more than 2/3 of the total thickness of the circular membrane.
- the figure 2 represents a diametral section along AA of the figure 1 of the acoustic radiation membrane 1.
- This membrane can take the form of a cup with a bottom 4 and a peripheral edge for mounting in particular in a watch case as explained below with reference to figure 4 .
- the circularly asymmetric regions in the shape of an ellipse 2 and 3 are made in the bottom 4 of the membrane 1.
- Each region is excavated in the membrane each with a different uniform thickness. It should also be noted that the excavated regions can be found indifferently on the movement side or on the external side of the membrane, not shown.
- circularly asymmetrical regions 2, 3 by etching, milling or hollowing in the total thickness of the membrane 1, it can be envisaged to produce on a membrane of minimum thickness two regions in the form of ellipse in overthickness and which intersect.
- a first region has a first thickness greater than the minimum thickness of the membrane, and a second region has a second thickness greater than the first thickness of the first region.
- These regions in the form of an ellipse thus form protruding portions on the membrane, but the circularly asymmetrical shape of which provides advantages equivalent to the advantages of the ellipses excavated in the membrane explained above.
- These regions can be obtained by selective deposition of the same material as the base material of the membrane.
- the material may be metallic glass based on zirconia or based on platinum, or also gold.
- FIG. 3 there is shown a graph of the frequency response of the proposed membrane compared with the response of an ordinary circular membrane made from the same material.
- the total force Fz applied by the membrane to the air is represented as a function of the excitation frequency of the membrane.
- the circular membrane can be flat in this example and of a diameter of the order of 31 mm. The same excitation force was applied in all the cases considered.
- the MA curve represents the response of an ordinary circular membrane (force of the membrane on air) in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 4 kHz. Note that the force on the air of this ordinary membrane only has a peak of greater amplitude between 2.5 kHz and 3 kHz with a relatively low overall amplitude.
- Curve A represents the response of a circular membrane, in which is made a centered ellipse with a semi-major axis equal to 15 mm and a semi-minor axis equal to 9 mm with a thickness of 0.07 mm and an ellipse not centered with a semi-major axis equal to 13.5 mm and a semi-minor axis equal to 10 mm with a thickness of 0.09 mm.
- Curve B represents the response of a circular membrane, in which a centered ellipse with a semi-major axis equal to 14 mm and a semi-minor axis equal to 10 mm is produced with a thickness of 0.08 mm and a non-centered ellipse of semi-large axis equal to 12 mm and semi-minor axis equal to 11 mm with a thickness of 0.1 mm.
- the curve C represents the response of a circular membrane, in which a centered ellipse with a semi-major axis equal to 15 mm and a semi-minor axis equal to 9 mm is made with a thickness of 0.09 mm and a centered ellipse of semi-large axis equal to 13.5 mm and semi-minor axis equal to 10 mm with a thickness of 0.11 mm.
- the amplitude of the force applied to the air by the membrane, in which ellipses are produced, is maximized and relatively flattened for natural frequencies of vibration between 1 kHz and 4 kHz, which is sought by the invention.
- the figure 4 shows a partial cross section of a striking or musical watch 10.
- Watch 10 essentially comprises an acoustic radiation membrane 1 according to the invention to improve the acoustic performance of a note or of notes produced by a striking mechanism.
- This acoustic membrane 1 can comprise two regions in the shape of an ellipse 2 and 3, excavated in the bottom 4 of the membrane.
- This acoustic membrane can be made, for example, in an amorphous metal or in metallic glass, which is a stainless material.
- the total thickness of this membrane 1 may be less than or equal to 1 mm, but preferably close to 0.3 mm.
- the striking or musical watch 10 also comprises a horological movement 20, which is generally mounted on a plate 24.
- An edge piece 22 is fixed to the plate 24, which defines a watch cage.
- both the plate 24 and the edge piece 22 are made of a metallic material.
- the watch movement 20 comprises a striking mechanism, not shown.
- This striking mechanism may include at least one stamp mounted on a stamp holder integral with the plate 24, and at least one hammer rotatably mounted on the plate to strike said stamp in determined periods.
- the generally circular gong surrounds the various parts of the clockwork movement of the striking watch.
- Such a striking mechanism is provided to signal a programmed alarm or minute repeaters.
- the striking mechanism can comprise a keyboard with a set of blades connected to a heel, which is fixed on the plate 24.
- a note or a succession of musical notes are produced by the vibrations of the keyboard blades.
- Each reed is normally configured to produce a particular note, but it may be provided to have certain groups of two reeds so that each group produces the same particular note.
- the keys of the keyboard are lifted and released by pins integral with a cylinder or a rotating disk on the plate 24.
- Each activated blade oscillates mainly at its first natural frequency. The vibrations generated by the activated blades are transmitted to the watch trim parts, which must make it possible to acoustically radiate the sound produced by each vibrating blade.
- the acoustic membrane 1 is in the form of a cup, the upper edge of which is mounted in a sealed manner by an annular gasket 18 on an internal annular rim of the bottom 15 of the box.
- the diameter of this cup which may be equivalent to the diameter of the watch crystal 12, may be between 20 and 40 mm.
- a support 21 of annular shape supports on one side the plate 24 with the edge piece 22 and rests on the upper edge of the acoustic membrane 1.
- acoustic membrane 1 by its edge in a manner other than that presented above. It can be envisaged that the membrane is fixed in a point-wise manner at 2, 3, 4 or more points by its border, or that it is fixed elastically or with a simple support condition.
- the back 15 is mounted by known means and removably on the middle part 14 with a sealing gasket 19.
- a watch crystal 12 is fixed in particular to the bezel 13 to seal the watch case.
- a dial 23 is kept at the edge of the caseband and disposed below the watch crystal 12.
- time indication hands are provided on the dial, which also carries hourly indexes on the periphery.
- the central part of the acoustic membrane is not in contact with the support 21 and the inner surface of the bottom 15. As a result, sufficient space 17 in the box is provided so that the acoustic membrane can freely vibrate or radiate acoustically.
- the whole of the acoustic membrane 1 and the bottom 15 thus constitutes a double bottom.
- One or more openings 16 are also provided laterally through the bottom 15 to allow the acoustic membrane to radiate the sound produced by the striking mechanism to the outside.
- the note or notes generated by said striking mechanism are transmitted directly to the acoustic radiation membrane 1 to make it vibrate.
- a transmission of vibration to the acoustic membrane 1 is also provided at the edge of the acoustic membrane by the connecting pieces 21, 22 and 24.
- the acoustic membrane comprises regions in the form of an ellipse 2, 3 excavated in the bottom 4 of the membrane, it is likely to vibrate at several first natural frequencies depending on the number of notes expected to radiate. These first natural frequencies are preferably located in the useful acoustic band between 1 kHz and 4 kHz.
- the second natural frequencies of vibration notes are on the other hand located above 4 kHz. This is advantageous because the second vibration frequencies are often sound destructive.
- this membrane is composed of stainless materials, it can be mounted on a base, for example made of precious metal, such as gold. No difference in electrochemical potential is thus observed even in a humid environment, which means that no corrosion occurs in contact with the membrane 1 and the base 15.
- the metallic glass or amorphous metal used for example for producing the membrane can also be a metal alloy based on titanium, zirconium and beryllium.
- the amorphous metal alloy can comprise 41% of zirconium, 14% of titanium, 12% of copper, 10% of nickel and 23% of beryllium.
- the Young's modulus of this alloy is 105 GPa and the elastic limit is 1.5 GPa.
- the amorphous metal alloy can also be made of 57.5% platinum, 14.7% copper, 5.3% nickel and 22.5% phosphorus.
- the Young's modulus of this alloy is worth in this case 98 GPa and the elastic limit is worth 1.4 GPa.
- the acoustic membrane may be located in the watch case at the level of the middle part with an opening through the middle part for the sound radiation of the vibrating acoustic membrane.
- the acoustic membrane can be located on an external part of the watch case, but placed at least on an opening of the case so that the note or notes generated by the striking mechanism can make the membrane vibrate.
- Several acoustic membranes can be placed in several places inside the watch case or superimposed.
- the membrane can have a shape other than circular, for example rectangular and be planar.
- the membrane may include an ellipse shaped region on a first face and another ellipse shaped region on an opposite second face of the membrane.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne une membrane de rayonnement acoustique pour une boîte à musique, telle qu'une montre musicale, ou une montre à sonnerie.The invention relates to an acoustic radiation membrane for a music box, such as a musical watch, or a striking watch.
L'invention concerne également une montre, qui comprend une membrane de rayonnement acoustique. La montre comprend une boîte de montre constituée essentiellement d'une carrure et d'un fond fixé étanchement et de manière amovible sur la carrure. Une glace est disposée sur un côté opposé au fond pour fermer étanchement ladite boîte. Un mouvement horloger est maintenu à l'intérieur de la boîte de montre et muni d'un mécanisme de sonnerie susceptible d'être activé dans des périodes déterminées pour produire un son ou une musique. La membrane de rayonnement acoustique est reliée à la boîte pour rayonner le son produit par le mécanisme de sonnerie vers l'extérieur de la boîte.The invention also relates to a watch, which comprises an acoustic radiation membrane. The watch comprises a watch case consisting essentially of a middle part and a case-back fixed in a sealed and removable manner on the middle part. A mirror is placed on a side opposite the bottom to seal said box. A watch movement is kept inside the watch case and provided with a striking mechanism capable of being activated in determined periods to produce sound or music. The acoustic radiation membrane is connected to the box to radiate the sound produced by the striking mechanism to the outside of the box.
Dans le domaine de l'horlogerie, un mouvement horloger d'une architecture traditionnelle peut également comprendre un mécanisme de sonnerie pour générer un son ou une musique. Le timbre de la montre à sonnerie ou le clavier de la montre musicale sont disposés à l'intérieur de la boîte de montre. Ainsi les vibrations du timbre ou des lames du clavier sont transmises aux pièces d'habillage. Ces pièces d'habillage sont par exemple la carrure, la lunette, la glace et le fond de la boîte de montre. Ces grandes pièces se mettent à rayonner du son dans l'air sous l'effet des vibrations transmises. Lorsqu'un son est produit soit par un timbre frappé par un marteau, soit par une ou plusieurs lames du clavier en vibration, ces pièces d'habillage sont capables de rayonner le son produit dans l'air.In the field of watchmaking, a watch movement of traditional architecture can also include a striking mechanism for generating sound or music. The bell of the striking watch or the keypad of the musical watch are placed inside the watch case. Thus the vibrations of the stamp or the blades of the keyboard are transmitted to the trim parts. These covering parts are, for example, the middle part, the bezel, the crystal and the back of the watch case. These large rooms begin to radiate sound in the air under the effect of the vibrations transmitted. When a sound is produced either by a timbre struck by a hammer, or by one or more vibrating keys of the keyboard, these trim pieces are able to radiate the sound produced in the air.
Dans une montre à sonnerie ou musicale traditionnelle, le rendement acoustique, sur la base de la transduction vibro-acoustique complexe des pièces d'habillage, est faible. Pour améliorer et augmenter le niveau acoustique perçu par l'utilisateur de la montre à sonnerie ou musicale, il doit être tenu compte de la matière, de la géométrie et des conditions aux limites des pièces d'habillage. Les configurations de ces pièces d'habillage sont aussi dépendantes de l'esthétique de la montre et des contraintes de fonctionnement, ce qui peut limiter les possibilités d'adaptation.In a traditional ringing or musical watch, the acoustic efficiency, based on the complex vibro-acoustic transduction of the trim parts, is low. To improve and increase the acoustic level perceived by the user of the striking or musical watch, account must be taken of the material, geometry and boundary conditions of the trim pieces. The configurations of these trim parts are also dependent on the aesthetics of the watch and the operating constraints, which can limit the possibilities of adaptation.
Il est connu dans la technique horlogère d'utiliser dans une montre notamment électronique, une membrane du type acoustique, qui est dédiée à la transduction vibro-acoustique. Pour activer une telle membrane dans une montre électronique, il est placé un élément piézoélectrique par exemple sur la membrane pour la faire vibrer comme mentionné dans le brevet
Généralement avec l'utilisation d'une membrane traditionnelle de rayonnement acoustique, il subsiste un problème de largeur de bande de fréquences. Dans le cas d'une montre à sonnerie à répétition minute, un réveil ou encore une alarme à quartz, d'excellents résultats peuvent être obtenus en amplifiant une seule fréquence dominante, accordée avec l'excitateur. Par contre, dans le cas où la membrane acoustique doit équiper une boîte à musique, les fréquences à rayonner de manière efficace doivent s'étendre typiquement entre 1 kHz et 4 kHz. La réponse acoustique de la membrane doit donc être relativement uniforme dans cet intervalle de fréquences. Toutefois, les membranes uniformes standard n'arrivent jamais à remplir cette condition, le niveau de réponse étant donc généralement très inhomogène dans cet intervalle de fréquences.Generally with the use of a traditional acoustic radiation membrane, there remains a problem of frequency bandwidth. In the case of a minute repeater striking watch, an alarm clock or even a quartz alarm, excellent results can be obtained by amplifying a single dominant frequency, tuned with the exciter. On the other hand, in the case where the acoustic membrane is to be fitted to a music box, the frequencies to be radiated effectively must typically extend between 1 kHz and 4 kHz. The acoustic response of the membrane must therefore be relatively uniform in this frequency range. However, standard uniform membranes never succeed in fulfilling this condition, the response level being therefore generally very inhomogeneous in this frequency interval.
Dans une montre à sonnerie standard, qui est munie par exemple d'une membrane acoustique, cette membrane est prise en sandwich entre une partie de la carrure et le fond de la boîte de montre. Dans le cas d'une montre de luxe, le fond peut être réalisé dans un matériau précieux, tel que de l'or. Il peut se produire au contact de la membrane généralement en acier avec le fond en or, une différence de potentiel électro-chimique surtout dans un milieu humide. Cela est susceptible de favoriser la corrosion de ladite membrane au niveau du contact avec le fond en or, ce qui est un inconvénient. Il doit donc être également trouvé une matière inoxydable sans différence de potentiel avec l'or et dont l'amortissement interne est faible.In a standard striking watch, which is provided for example with an acoustic membrane, this membrane is sandwiched between part of the middle part and the back of the watch case. In the case of a luxury watch, the back can be made of a precious material, such as gold. On contact with the membrane, which is generally made of steel, with the gold bottom, an electro-chemical potential difference can occur, especially in a humid environment. This is liable to promote corrosion of said membrane at the level of contact with the gold background, which is a drawback. It must therefore also be found a stainless material without a potential difference with gold and whose internal damping is low.
L'invention a donc pour but de pallier aux inconvénients de l'état de la technique susmentionné en fournissant une membrane de rayonnement acoustique pour une boîte à musique ou une montre à sonnerie, réalisée de telle manière à obtenir un rendement acoustique le plus uniforme possible sur la bande de fréquences audibles, essentiellement dans l'intervalle de fréquences entre 1 kHz et 4 kHz.The object of the invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of the above-mentioned state of the art by providing an acoustic radiation membrane for a music box or a striking watch, produced in such a way as to obtain the most uniform acoustic performance possible. on the audible frequency band, mainly in the frequency interval between 1 kHz and 4 kHz.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne une membrane de rayonnement acoustique comprenant les caractéristiques définies dans la revendication indépendante 1.To this end, the invention relates to an acoustic radiation membrane comprising the characteristics defined in
Des formes particulières de la membrane de rayonnement acoustique sont définies dans les revendications dépendantes 2 à 11.Particular forms of the acoustic radiation membrane are defined in
Un avantage de la membrane de rayonnement acoustique selon la présente invention, réside dans le fait qu'elle est réalisée avec au moins deux régions de forme circulairement asymétrique formée dans le matériau de la membrane ou avec au moins deux régions de forme circulairement asymétrique ayant une épaisseur différente de l'épaisseur générale de la membrane. Elle peut comprendre plusieurs régions de forme circulairement asymétrique qui sont excavées dans la matière de la membrane. De préférence, deux régions excavées de dimension différente sont prévues. Une première région est usinée par exemple par gravure ou creusement dans la membrane pour avoir une première épaisseur constante, et une seconde région est usinée dans la membrane pour avoir une seconde épaisseur constante inférieure à la première épaisseur. Les deux régions de forme circulairement asymétrique sont usinées pour définir, par exemple, des première et seconde ellipses en tant que forme circulairement asymétrique. Ces ellipses sont décalées l'une de l'autre par rapport au centre de la membrane et se superposent en partie.An advantage of the acoustic radiation membrane according to the present invention lies in the fact that it is made with at least two regions of circularly asymmetric shape formed in the material of the membrane or with at least two regions of circularly asymmetric shape having a different thickness from the general thickness of the membrane. It may include several regions of circularly asymmetric shape which are excavated in the material of the membrane. Preferably, two excavated regions of dimension different are planned. A first region is machined for example by etching or hollowing in the membrane to have a first constant thickness, and a second region is machined in the membrane to have a second constant thickness less than the first thickness. The two regions of circularly asymmetric shape are machined to define, for example, first and second ellipses as a circularly asymmetric shape. These ellipses are offset from each other with respect to the center of the membrane and partially overlap.
Grâce à la réalisation des ellipses dans la membrane, cela permet d'avoir un nombre double de modes propres de vibration pour chaque ellipse par rapport à une région de forme circulaire. Une maximisation du nombre de modes propres dans la bande de fréquences audibles est ainsi obtenue, notamment entre 1 kHz et 4 kHz. La réponse globale de la membrane en vibration est ainsi aplatie en éliminant la symétrie circulaire et en utilisant une telle région circulairement asymétrique sous forme d'ellipse vue en plan.Thanks to the production of ellipses in the membrane, this makes it possible to have a double number of eigenmodes of vibration for each ellipse with respect to a region of circular shape. A maximization of the number of natural modes in the audible frequency band is thus obtained, in particular between 1 kHz and 4 kHz. The overall response of the membrane to vibration is thus flattened by eliminating circular symmetry and using such a circularly asymmetric region in the form of an ellipse seen in plan.
Avantageusement, la membrane peut être réalisée en métal amorphe ou en verre métallique, ou également en or, voire en laiton ou dans un autre matériau ayant une densité, un module d'Young et une limite élastique, qui sont similaires. L'agencement des régions circulairement asymétriques peut ainsi permettre d'augmenter le nombre de fréquences propres dans la bande de fréquences acoustiques utile, à savoir entre 1 kHz et 4 kHz, afin également d'augmenter le niveau acoustique global. Avec une telle membrane, l'élargissement de la bande sonore peut être combiné avec un amortissement interne très faible, ce qui permet d'obtenir un très bon rendement sonore.Advantageously, the membrane can be made of amorphous metal or of metallic glass, or also of gold, or even of brass or of another material having a density, a Young's modulus and an elastic limit, which are similar. The arrangement of the circularly asymmetric regions can thus make it possible to increase the number of natural frequencies in the useful acoustic frequency band, namely between 1 kHz and 4 kHz, in order also to increase the overall acoustic level. With such a diaphragm, the widening of the soundtrack can be combined with a very low internal damping, which makes it possible to obtain a very good sound efficiency.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne également une montre munie d'une membrane de rayonnement acoustique comprenant les caractéristiques définies dans la revendication indépendante 12.To this end, the invention also relates to a watch provided with an acoustic radiation membrane comprising the characteristics defined in
Des formes particulières de la montre sont définies dans les revendications dépendantes 13-15.Particular forms of the watch are defined in dependent claims 13-15.
Les buts, avantages et caractéristiques de la membrane de rayonnement acoustique pour une boîte à musique ou une montre à sonnerie apparaîtront mieux dans la description suivante sur la base d'au moins une forme d'exécution non limitative illustrée par les dessins sur lesquels :
- la
figure 1 représente de manière simplifiée une vue de dessus de la membrane de rayonnement acoustique selon l'invention, - la
figure 2 représente de manière simplifiée une coupe diamétrale selon A-A de lafigure 1 de la membrane de rayonnement acoustique selon l'invention, - la
figure 3 représente un graphe de la force totale appliquée sur l'air par la membrane selon l'invention en comparaison d'une membrane circulaire, en fonction de la fréquence d'excitation de la membrane, et - la
figure 4 représente de manière simplifiée une coupe partielle d'une montre à sonnerie ou musicale, qui est munie d'une membrane acoustique selon l'invention.
- the
figure 1 shows in a simplified manner a top view of the acoustic radiation membrane according to the invention, - the
figure 2 shows in a simplified manner a diametral section along AA of thefigure 1 of the acoustic radiation membrane according to the invention, - the
figure 3 represents a graph of the total force applied to the air by the membrane according to the invention in comparison with a circular membrane, as a function of the excitation frequency of the membrane, and - the
figure 4 shows in a simplified manner a partial section of a striking or musical watch, which is provided with an acoustic membrane according to the invention.
Dans la description suivante, il sera fait référence principalement à la configuration d'une membrane de rayonnement acoustique, pour équiper notamment une boîte à musique, telle qu'une montre musicale, ou une montre à sonnerie.In the following description, reference will be made mainly to the configuration of an acoustic radiation membrane, in particular to equip a music box, such as a musical watch, or a striking watch.
La
Comme il a pu être constaté lors de test de rayonnement acoustique d'une telle membrane, il est prévu de manière optimale de réaliser deux régions circulairement asymétriques 2, 3 dans l'épaisseur de la membrane 1. Ces deux régions sous forme d'ellipse à épaisseur uniforme différente, sont de dimension ou surface différente sans être dépendantes directement de la dimension de la membrane. La membrane 1 peut être une membrane circulaire de diamètre de l'ordre de 40 mm en bordure et de diamètre de l'ordre de 31 mm au niveau de son fond 4 à titre d'exemple non limitatif. Ces deux régions sous forme d'ellipse occupent une grande partie de la surface de la membrane vue en plan de manière à augmenter le nombre de modes propres de vibration dans la bande de fréquences audibles désirées entre 1 kHz et 4 kHz.As could be observed during the acoustic radiation test of such a membrane, it is optimally planned to produce two circularly
Les régions sous forme d'ellipse sont normalement déterminées en tenant compte de la formule simplifiée suivante de la fréquence ω des modes de vibration d'une membrane elliptique :
Selon la formule de la fréquence de vibration susmentionnée, la fréquence augmente avec la racine carrée du module de Young E et de l'épaisseur h, mais par contre diminue en augmentant les demi-axes a et b, c'est-à-dire la surface de l'ellipse. A titre comparatif, pour une même surface et une même épaisseur, et dans l'intervalle de fréquences désirées, une membrane elliptique a un nombre double de modes de vibration par rapport à une membrane circulaire. Il est donc possible d'aplatir la réponse globale en fréquence en éliminant la symétrie circulaire de la membrane. Les régions circulairement asymétriques de préférence sous forme d'ellipse 2, 3 de la membrane acoustique 1 selon l'invention, sont configurées pour que les premiers modes propres de vibration se trouvent dans la bande de fréquences audibles entre 1 kHz et 4 kHz. Avec de telles ellipses, cela permet d'effectuer une meilleure optimisation géométrique, que pour d'autres formes circulairement asymétriques.According to the above-mentioned vibration frequency formula, the frequency increases with the square root of the Young's modulus E and the thickness h, but on the other hand decreases by increasing the semi-axes a and b, that is to say the area of the ellipse. By way of comparison, for the same surface and the same thickness, and in the desired frequency range, an elliptical membrane has a double number of vibration modes with respect to a circular membrane. It is therefore possible to flatten the overall frequency response by eliminating the circular symmetry of the membrane. The circularly asymmetric regions, preferably in the form of an
Il est à noter qu'une membrane circulaire d'épaisseur uniforme supporte plusieurs modes propres de vibration, qui sont définis par kN. Chaque mode propre est caractérisé par un nombre défini de nœuds N. Grâce à la réalisation de régions d'épaisseur différente, qui sont appelées Sj avec j allant de 1 à n, et pour chaque nombre défini de nœuds N, il est compté plusieurs modes de vibration
Grâce à la réalisation de deux ellipses dans la membrane, pour chaque nombre défini de nœuds, il y a quatre modes de vibration, dont deux modes de vibration par ellipse et non un seul mode de vibration pour une forme circulaire d'une membrane traditionnelle. Une maximisation du nombre de modes dans la bande de fréquences audibles est ainsi obtenue. La réponse globale de la membrane en vibration est ainsi aplatie en éliminant la symétrie circulaire et en utilisant une telle région circulairement asymétrique sous forme d'ellipse vue en plan.Thanks to the realization of two ellipses in the membrane, for each defined number of nodes, there are four modes of vibration, including two vibration modes per ellipse and not a single vibration mode for a circular shape of a traditional membrane. A maximization of the number of modes in the audible frequency band is thus obtained. The overall response of the membrane to vibration is thus flattened by eliminating circular symmetry and using such a circularly asymmetric region in the form of an ellipse seen in plan.
Pour les dimensions typiques d'une montre, avec les deux régions à forme elliptique il est possible d'obtenir une meilleure optimisation géométrique qu'avec toute autre forme circulairement asymétrique. En fonction de la taille suffisamment grande de chaque ellipse par rapport à la taille de la membrane, les premiers modes de vibration se trouvent avec une amplification uniforme dans la bande de fréquences désirée, par exemple entre 1 kHz et 4 kHz. Le niveau acoustique global est également augmenté pour la perception par un utilisateur des notes rayonnées par la membrane de la boîte à musique ou de la montre à sonnerie.For the typical dimensions of a watch, with the two regions having an elliptical shape, it is possible to obtain a better geometric optimization than with any other circularly asymmetric shape. Depending on the sufficiently large size of each ellipse relative to the size of the membrane, the first modes of vibration are found with uniform amplification in the desired frequency band, for example between 1 kHz and 4 kHz. The overall acoustic level is also increased for the perception by a user of the notes radiated by the membrane of the music box or the striking watch.
Comme décrit ci-devant, la membrane circulaire 1 peut être de diamètre égal à 40 mm en bordure et de diamètre égal à 31 mm au niveau de son fond 4. Elle peut être réalisée avec un matériau, tel que du verre métallique à base de zircone, qui a une densité ou masse volumique égale à 5'100 kg/m3. Le matériau utilisé pour la membrane peut avoir un module d'Young, qui peut varier entre 97 et 110 GPa, alors que sa limite élastique peut varier entre 1.5 et 2.2 GPa. L'épaisseur maximale de la membrane peut être de l'ordre de 0.3 mm, tandis que l'épaisseur minimale peut varier entre 0.1 mm et 0.2 mm, selon les effets sonores à obtenir. Si la masse volumique est plus grande, alors que le module d'Young est plus petit, une épaisseur de membrane plus grande que 0.3 mm peut être admise, mais dans ces conditions, la membrane est moins efficace acoustiquement.As described above, the
La taille de la première ellipse 2, qui est excavée dans le fond 4 de la membrane, est de 12 mm pour le demi grand axe et 6 mm pour le demi petit axe avec une épaisseur de 0.15 mm. La taille de la seconde ellipse 3, qui est excavée dans le fond 4 de la membrane en partie superposée à la première ellipse et croisée, est de 11 mm pour le demi grand axe et 7 mm pour le demi petit axe avec une épaisseur de 0.2 mm. Les centres c, c' des première et seconde ellipses 2, 3 peuvent être décalés l'un de l'autre par exemple de 13.5 mm, et l'angle entre les grands axes des deux ellipses peut être de l'ordre de 60°. Avec une taille relativement semblable des deux ellipses, la densité de modes de vibration de la membrane est maximisée dans la bande de fréquences audibles désirée. Il peut encore être envisagé d'adapter les épaisseurs et la surface des ellipses en fonction de l'étanchéité désirée, de l'indéformabilité ou la déformabilité de la membrane recherchée.The size of the
En général, le rapport entre les demi-axes des ellipses excavées dans la membrane et le rayon de la membrane circulaire doit en principe être dans l'intervalle 2/3 à 1. Le rapport entre les deux épaisseurs des ellipses doit être dans l'intervalle 1/2 à 4/5. L'épaisseur minimale ne doit pas être supérieure à 2/3 de l'épaisseur totale de la membrane circulaire.In general, the ratio between the half-axes of the ellipses excavated in the membrane and the radius of the circular membrane should in principle be in the
La
Il est également à noter qu'en lieu et place de réaliser des régions circulairement asymétriques 2, 3 par gravure, fraisage ou creusement dans l'épaisseur totale de la membrane 1, il peut être envisagé de réaliser sur une membrane d'épaisseur minimale deux régions sous forme d'ellipse en surépaisseur et qui se croisent. Une première région a une première épaisseur supérieure à l'épaisseur minimale de la membrane, et une seconde région a une seconde épaisseur supérieure à la première épaisseur de la première région. Ces régions sous forme d'ellipse forment ainsi des portions en saillie sur la membrane, mais dont la forme circulairement asymétrique apporte des avantages équivalents aux avantages des ellipses excavées dans la membrane expliquées ci-devant. Ces régions peuvent être obtenues par dépôt sélectif d'un même matériau que la matériau de base de la membrane. Le matériau peut être du verre métallique à base de zircone ou à base de platine, ou également de l'or.It should also be noted that instead of making circularly
Il est également à noter qu'en lieu et place de réaliser des régions circulairement asymétriques 2, 3 par gravure, fraisage ou creusement dans l'épaisseur totale de la membrane 1, il peut être envisagé de réaliser une membrane asymétrique circulairement, en modifiant ses propriétés physico-chimiques localement et de manière déterministe lors de la fabrication ou du post-traitement. Cette procédure permet de réaliser des régions uniformes ayant des formes asymétriques circulairement et donc de multiplier les modes de vibration et d'aplatir la réponse en fréquence, selon le même principe physique expliqué précédemment.It should also be noted that instead of making circularly
A la
La courbe MA représente la réponse d'une membrane circulaire ordinaire (force de la membrane sur l'air) dans l'intervalle de fréquences de 1 kHz à 4 kHz. On remarque que la force sur l'air de cette membrane ordinaire possède uniquement un pic de plus forte amplitude entre 2.5 kHz et 3 kHz avec une amplitude globale relativement faible. La courbe A représente la réponse d'une membrane circulaire, dans laquelle est réalisée une ellipse centrée de demi grand axe égal à 15 mm et de demi petit axe égal à 9 mm avec une épaisseur de 0.07 mm et une ellipse non centrée de demi grand axe égal à 13.5 mm et de demi petit axe égal à 10 mm avec une épaisseur de 0.09 mm. La courbe B représente la réponse d'une membrane circulaire, dans laquelle est réalisée une ellipse centrée de demi grand axe égal à 14 mm et de demi petit axe égal à 10 mm avec une épaisseur de 0.08 mm et une ellipse non centrée de demi grand axe égal à 12 mm et de demi petit axe égal à 11 mm avec une épaisseur de 0.1 mm. Finalement la courbe C représente la réponse d'une membrane circulaire, dans laquelle est réalisée une ellipse centrée de demi grand axe égal à 15 mm et de demi petit axe égal à 9 mm avec une épaisseur de 0.09 mm et une ellipse centrée de demi grand axe égal à 13.5 mm et de demi petit axe égal à 10 mm avec une épaisseur de 0.11 mm. L'amplitude de la force appliquée sur l'air par la membrane, dans laquelle des ellipses sont réalisées, est maximisée et relativement aplatie pour des fréquences propres de vibration entre 1 kHz et 4 kHz, ce qui est cherché par l'invention.The MA curve represents the response of an ordinary circular membrane (force of the membrane on air) in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 4 kHz. Note that the force on the air of this ordinary membrane only has a peak of greater amplitude between 2.5 kHz and 3 kHz with a relatively low overall amplitude. Curve A represents the response of a circular membrane, in which is made a centered ellipse with a semi-major axis equal to 15 mm and a semi-minor axis equal to 9 mm with a thickness of 0.07 mm and an ellipse not centered with a semi-major axis equal to 13.5 mm and a semi-minor axis equal to 10 mm with a thickness of 0.09 mm. Curve B represents the response of a circular membrane, in which a centered ellipse with a semi-major axis equal to 14 mm and a semi-minor axis equal to 10 mm is produced with a thickness of 0.08 mm and a non-centered ellipse of semi-large axis equal to 12 mm and semi-minor axis equal to 11 mm with a thickness of 0.1 mm. Finally, the curve C represents the response of a circular membrane, in which a centered ellipse with a semi-major axis equal to 15 mm and a semi-minor axis equal to 9 mm is made with a thickness of 0.09 mm and a centered ellipse of semi-large axis equal to 13.5 mm and semi-minor axis equal to 10 mm with a thickness of 0.11 mm. The amplitude of the force applied to the air by the membrane, in which ellipses are produced, is maximized and relatively flattened for natural frequencies of vibration between 1 kHz and 4 kHz, which is sought by the invention.
La
La montre à sonnerie ou musicale 10 comprend également un mouvement horloger 20, qui est généralement monté sur une platine 24. Une pièce de bordure 22 est fixée à la platine 24, ce qui définit une cage de montre. Habituellement aussi bien la platine 24 que la pièce de bordure 22 sont réalisées dans un matériau métallique.The striking or
Le mouvement horloger 20 comprend un mécanisme de sonnerie, non représenté. Ce mécanisme de sonnerie peut comprendre au moins un timbre monté sur un porte-timbre solidaire de la platine 24, et au moins un marteau monté rotatif sur la platine pour venir frapper ledit timbre dans des périodes déterminées. Le timbre généralement de forme circulaire entoure les diverses parties du mouvement horloger de la montre à sonnerie. Un tel mécanisme de sonnerie est prévu pour signaler une alarme programmée ou des répétitions minutes.The
Dans une forme d'exécution plus élaborée d'une montre musicale, le mécanisme de sonnerie peut comprendre un clavier avec un ensemble de lames reliées à un talon, qui est fixé sur la platine 24. Une note ou une succession de notes de musique sont produites par les vibrations de lames du clavier. Chaque lame est normalement configurée pour la production d'une note particulière, mais il peut être prévu d'avoir certains groupes de deux lames pour que chaque groupe produise une même note particulière. Pour produire une musique par exemple dans des périodes programmées, les lames du clavier sont levées puis relâchées par des goupilles solidaires d'un cylindre ou d'un disque en rotation sur la platine 24. Chaque lame activée oscille principalement à sa première fréquence propre. Les vibrations générées par les lames activées, sont transmises aux pièces d'habillage de la montre, qui doivent permettre de rayonner acoustiquement le son produit par chaque lame en vibration.In a more elaborate embodiment of a musical watch, the striking mechanism can comprise a keyboard with a set of blades connected to a heel, which is fixed on the
Dans cette forme d'exécution, la membrane acoustique 1 est en forme de cuvette, dont le bord supérieur est monté de manière étanche par une garniture annulaire 18 sur un rebord annulaire intérieur du fond 15 de la boîte. Le diamètre de cette cuvette, qui peut être équivalent au diamètre de la glace 12 de montre, peut se situer entre 20 et 40 mm. Un support 21 de forme annulaire supporte d'un côté la platine 24 avec la pièce de bordure 22 et s'appuie sur le bord supérieur de la membrane 1 acoustique. Au moment de la fixation de la carrure 14 sur le fond 15 de la boîte de montre, le support 21 et le bord périphérique de la membrane de rayonnement acoustique 1 sont pincés entre la carrure 14 et le rebord du fond 15.In this embodiment, the
Il est à noter qu'il peut être prévu de fixer la membrane acoustique 1 par sa bordure d'une autre manière que celle présentée ci-devant. Il peut être envisagé que la membrane soit fixée de manière ponctuelle en 2, 3, 4 ou plus de points par sa bordure, ou qu'elle soit fixée élastiquement ou avec une condition d'appui simple.It should be noted that provision may be made to fix the
Le fond 15 est monté par des moyens connus et de manière amovible sur la carrure 14 avec une garniture d'étanchéité 19. Une glace de montre 12 est fixée notamment à la lunette 13 pour fermer étanchement la boîte de montre. Un cadran 23 est maintenu en bordure sur la carrure et disposé au-dessous de la glace de montre 12. Pour une montre mécanique à sonnerie 10, des aiguilles d'indication de l'heure, non représentées, sont prévues sur le cadran, qui porte aussi des index horaires en périphérie.The back 15 is mounted by known means and removably on the
La partie centrale de la membrane acoustique n'est pas en contact avec le support 21 et la surface intérieure du fond 15. De ce fait, un espace suffisant 17 dans la boîte est prévu pour que la membrane acoustique puisse librement vibrer ou rayonner acoustiquement. L'ensemble de la membrane acoustique 1 et du fond 15 constitue ainsi un double fond. Une ou plusieurs ouvertures 16 sont également prévues latéralement à travers le fond 15 pour permettre à la membrane acoustique de rayonner le son produit par le mécanisme de sonnerie vers l'extérieur.The central part of the acoustic membrane is not in contact with the
Lors du fonctionnement du mécanisme de sonnerie, la note ou les notes générées par ledit mécanisme de sonnerie sont transmises directement à la membrane de rayonnement acoustique 1 pour la faire vibrer. Une transmission de vibration à la membrane acoustique 1 est également fournie en bordure de la membrane acoustique par les pièces de liaison 21, 22 et 24. Comme la membrane acoustique comprend des régions sous forme d'ellipse 2, 3 excavées dans le fond 4 de la membrane, elle est susceptible de vibrer à plusieurs premières fréquences propres en fonction du nombre de notes prévues à rayonner. Ces premières fréquences propres sont situées de préférence dans la bande acoustique utile entre 1 kHz et 4 kHz. Les secondes fréquences propres de vibration des notes sont par contre situées au-dessus de 4 kHz. Ceci est avantageux car les secondes fréquences de vibration sont souvent destructrices de son.During operation of the striking mechanism, the note or notes generated by said striking mechanism are transmitted directly to the
Ces fréquences propres voulues de vibration sonore de la membrane, qui peut être en métal amorphe, sont dépendantes des propriétés physiques, telles que la masse volumique et le module d'Young. De plus avec une telle membrane de rayonnement acoustique 1, il est constaté un amortissement très faible, ce qui procure un très bon rendement sonore de cette membrane acoustique. En plus, l'effet d'interférence destructrice des deuxièmes fréquences propres est mitigé, étant donné qu'un mode de deuxième fréquence propre se trouve généralement proche en fréquence d'un mode de première fréquence propre ayant une orientation orthogonale. En autres termes, la membrane ne vibre jamais sur un mode pur de deuxième fréquence propre.These desired natural frequencies of sound vibration of the membrane, which can be made of amorphous metal, are dependent on physical properties, such as density and Young's modulus. In addition, with such an
Grâce au fait que cette membrane est composée de matériaux inoxydables, elle peut être montée sur un fond par exemple en métal précieux, tel que l'or. Aucune différence de potentiel électro-chimique n'est ainsi constatée même dans un milieu humide, ce qui fait qu'aucune corrosion ne survient au contact de la membrane 1 et du fond 15.Thanks to the fact that this membrane is composed of stainless materials, it can be mounted on a base, for example made of precious metal, such as gold. No difference in electrochemical potential is thus observed even in a humid environment, which means that no corrosion occurs in contact with the
Le verre métallique ou métal amorphe utilisé par exemple pour la réalisation de la membrane, peut être également un alliage métallique à base de titane, zirconium et béryllium. Ainsi à titre d'exemple plus spécifique, l'alliage de métal amorphe peut comprendre 41% de zirconium, 14% de titane, 12% de cuivre, 10% de nickel et 23% de béryllium. Le module d'Young de cet alliage vaut 105 GPa et la limite d'élasticité vaut 1.5 GPa. L'alliage de métal amorphe peut également être constitué de 57.5 % de platine, de 14.7% de cuivre, de 5.3% de nickel et de 22.5% de phosphore. Le module d'Young de cet alliage vaut dans ce cas 98 GPa et la limite d'élasticité vaut 1.4 GPa.The metallic glass or amorphous metal used for example for producing the membrane can also be a metal alloy based on titanium, zirconium and beryllium. Thus, by way of a more specific example, the amorphous metal alloy can comprise 41% of zirconium, 14% of titanium, 12% of copper, 10% of nickel and 23% of beryllium. The Young's modulus of this alloy is 105 GPa and the elastic limit is 1.5 GPa. The amorphous metal alloy can also be made of 57.5% platinum, 14.7% copper, 5.3% nickel and 22.5% phosphorus. The Young's modulus of this alloy is worth in this case 98 GPa and the elastic limit is worth 1.4 GPa.
A partir de la description qui vient d'être faite, plusieurs variantes de réalisation de la membrane de rayonnement acoustique pour une boîte à musique ou une montre à sonnerie peuvent être conçues par l'homme du métier sans sortir du cadre de l'invention définie par les revendications. La membrane acoustique peut être située dans la boîte de montre au niveau de la carrure avec une ouverture à travers la carrure pour le rayonnement sonore de la membrane acoustique en vibration. La membrane acoustique peut se situer sur une partie externe de la boîte de montre, mais disposée au moins sur une ouverture du boîtier pour que la ou les notes générées par le mécanisme de sonnerie puissent faire vibrer la membrane. Plusieurs membranes acoustiques peuvent être disposées à plusieurs endroits à l'intérieur de la boîte de montre ou superposées. La membrane peut avoir une autre forme que circulaire, par exemple rectangulaire et être plane. La membrane peut comprendre une région en forme d'ellipse sur une première face et une autre région en forme d'ellipse sur une seconde face opposée de la membrane.From the description which has just been given, several variant embodiments of the acoustic radiation membrane for a music box or a striking watch can be designed by those skilled in the art. trade without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims. The acoustic membrane may be located in the watch case at the level of the middle part with an opening through the middle part for the sound radiation of the vibrating acoustic membrane. The acoustic membrane can be located on an external part of the watch case, but placed at least on an opening of the case so that the note or notes generated by the striking mechanism can make the membrane vibrate. Several acoustic membranes can be placed in several places inside the watch case or superimposed. The membrane can have a shape other than circular, for example rectangular and be planar. The membrane may include an ellipse shaped region on a first face and another ellipse shaped region on an opposite second face of the membrane.
Claims (15)
- Acoustic radiating membrane (1) for a music box or striking watch (10), characterized in that it is made with at least two areas of circularly asymmetrical shape formed in the material of the membrane or with at least two areas of circularly asymmetrical shape hollowed out of a part of the membrane or projecting from one part of the membrane to increase the number of natural frequencies of vibrations between 1 kHz and 4 kHz.
- Membrane (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, each area is hollowed out of the membrane with a different uniform thickness, to maximise the first natural vibration frequencies of the membrane within the frequency range between 1 kHz and 4 kHz.
- Membrane (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the asymmetrical area or areas (2, 3) have the shape of an ellipse.
- Membrane (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the areas of elliptical shape are hollowed out of the membrane with a different uniform thickness from each other and less than the thickness of one bottom part of the membrane.
- Membrane (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the areas of elliptical shape are projecting portions made on a minimum thickness of the membrane, each elliptical area having a different thickness from the other.
- Membrane (1) according to any of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the membrane has a general shape of a dome with a bottom (4) in which the areas of elliptical shape (2, 3) are made.
- Membrane (1) according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a first area (2) of elliptical shape is centred on the circular membrane, in that a second area (3) of elliptical shape is off centre on the membrane, and in that the two areas are partly superposed.
- Membrane (1) according to claim 7 characterized in that the ratio between the semi-axes of the two ellipses (2, 3) hollowed out of the membrane and the radius of the circular membrane must be comprised within the range of 2/3 to 1, in that the ratio between the two thicknesses of the ellipses must be within the range of 1/2 to 4/5, and in that the minimum thickness of each ellipse must not be greater than 2/3 of the total thickness of the circular membrane.
- Membrane (1) according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the uniform thickness of the membrane is 0.3 mm or less, in that the thickness of a first area (2) of elliptical shape is on the order of 0.15 mm and in that the thickness of the second area (3) of elliptical shape is on the order of 0.2 mm.
- Membrane (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of gold or titanium or amorphous metal or metallic glass.
- Membrane (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the areas of asymmetrical shape are formed in the basic material of the membrane by altering the physico-chemical properties of the material locally and in a deterministic manner.
- Striking or musical watch (10), including a watch case, which has a middle part (14) and a back cover (15) having at least one lateral aperture (16), wherein the back cover is secured in a sealed and removable manner to the middle part, a crystal (12) closing the case in a sealed manner, a watch movement (20) held inside the watch case and provided with a striking mechanism capable of being actuated at determined times to produce one note or several notes, and at least one acoustic radiating membrane (1) according to any of the preceding claims, which is arranged in the watch case.
- Watch (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the acoustic membrane (1), is held on an inner edge of the back cover (15) of the case and one part of the middle part (14), and in that the periphery of the acoustic membrane (1) is clamped with the periphery of a support (21) of the movement between the middle part (14) and the inner edge of the back cover (15) of the case.
- Watch (10) according to claim 13, characterized in that the acoustic membrane (1) has the shape of a dome, whose top edge is clamped with the annular support between the middle part (14) and an inner annular edge of the back cover (15) of the case, an annular sealing gasket (18) being placed between the edge of the back cover (15) and the annular edge of the membrane, and in that a central part of the acoustic membrane is not in contact with the support (21) and an inner surface of the back cover (15) of the case to define a space (17) allowing said membrane to oscillate freely.
- Watch (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that several acoustic radiating membranes (1) are connected to the watch case and arranged separately from each other or superposed on each other.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10193425.5A EP2461219B1 (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2010-12-02 | Acoustic membrane for a musical box or an alarm watch |
CH02024/10A CH704184A2 (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2010-12-02 | Acoustic radiation membrane for e.g. music watch, has asymmetrical regions i.e. ellipses, to maximize oscillation frequency of membrane in specific frequency band, where regions are excavated in membrane with different uniform thicknesses |
US13/285,542 US8665676B2 (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2011-10-31 | Acoustic radiating membrane for a music box or striking watch |
JP2011258258A JP5800692B2 (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2011-11-25 | The acoustic membrane of a music box or watch with a hammer |
CN201110397549.5A CN102572652B (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2011-12-02 | Acoustic membrane for music box or repeat watch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10193425.5A EP2461219B1 (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2010-12-02 | Acoustic membrane for a musical box or an alarm watch |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2461219A1 EP2461219A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
EP2461219B1 true EP2461219B1 (en) | 2020-10-14 |
Family
ID=44041737
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10193425.5A Active EP2461219B1 (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2010-12-02 | Acoustic membrane for a musical box or an alarm watch |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8665676B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2461219B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5800692B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102572652B (en) |
CH (1) | CH704184A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
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EP3404493B1 (en) * | 2010-03-16 | 2021-09-01 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Chiming watch provided with an acoustic membrane |
EP2400353A1 (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2011-12-28 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. | Hand for a timepiece |
CH708095B1 (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2021-05-14 | Montres Breguet Sa | Ringing mechanism provided with means for selecting the vibratory mode of a gong. |
EP2853958A1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-01 | Montres Breguet SA | Timepiece with improved acoustic level |
EP2881807B1 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2019-11-27 | Montres Breguet SA | Acoustic dispersion membrane for a musical watch |
CH708956B1 (en) | 2013-12-09 | 2021-08-31 | Montres Breguet Sa | Acoustic radiation membrane for a musical watch. |
EP2942674B1 (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2018-10-03 | Blancpain SA. | Assembly for generating a chime of a chiming mechanism |
EP2942675B1 (en) | 2014-05-07 | 2016-11-16 | Société anonyme de la Manufacture d'Horlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie | Chiming watch |
CH710166B1 (en) | 2014-10-15 | 2018-12-14 | Montres Breguet Sa | Arrangement with acoustic radiation membranes for a musical watch or bell. |
CN106937230A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-07-07 | 歌尔股份有限公司 | Electret Condencer Microphone and preparation method thereof |
EP3457219A1 (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-03-20 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Acoustic radiation membrane, and chiming watch provided with the acoustic membrane |
CN108419184A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-08-17 | 宋佳 | A kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal vibrating diaphragm |
EP3644132B1 (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2022-06-08 | Blancpain SA | Striking or musical watch with at least one acoustic radiation membrane, and method of manufacturing said membrane |
EP3657267A1 (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-27 | Blancpain SA | Resonant member for a chiming mechanism of a watch or a music box |
EP4113219A1 (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-01-04 | Montres Breguet S.A. | Method for frequency tuning of an assembly of plates of a watch, and watch comprising the assembly of tuned plates |
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2011
- 2011-10-31 US US13/285,542 patent/US8665676B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CH704184A2 (en) | 2012-06-15 |
CN102572652B (en) | 2016-06-29 |
EP2461219A1 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
JP5800692B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
US20120140603A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
CN102572652A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
JP2012118068A (en) | 2012-06-21 |
US8665676B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 |
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