EP2460147B1 - Electronic locking device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an electronic locking device, in particular for doors.

In such per se known electronic locking devices - also called "mechatronic locking devices, because electronically controlled a locking mechanism is actuated - electromechanical coupling and / or locking means are operated electronically controlled to release or lock a lock.For this purpose, receives an electronic circuit Signal from a corresponding electronic key (an access medium, eg a transponder) The signal is evaluated by the electronic circuit, and depending on the result of the evaluation, the electromechanical coupling and / or locking means are actuated to effect the enabling or disabling.

Depending on the application, this raises the question of security. First, communication between the electronic key (medium) and the evaluating electronics should be sufficiently secure to prevent tampering with a tapping attack or the like. Second, but also the communication between the elements of the locking device must be secured so that, for example, the electromechanical means can be controlled directly and bypassing the transmitter.

On the market electronic locking devices, namely lock cylinders are known which are to be operated by a door knob. In this case, a transmitting and receiving device (for example, antenna or hardware interface for the touch-sensitive communication), a battery and the transmitter are arranged in the doorknob. This solution, which is technically elegant in itself, has the serious disadvantage that the safety-relevant elements (including evaluation electronics) are arranged in the easily accessible knob and thus in the less secure area. For a manipulation, a control signal for the arranged in the lock cylinder housing must be given directly there on the provided, running into the knob electrical lines.

Among other things from the DE 198 51 065 a lock cylinder is known in which the electronics is mounted in the inner knob. However, such systems have the disadvantage that they are not suitable for so-called half-cylinder and relatively complicated to install.

The DE 10 2005 034 618 and the EP 1 739 631 show electronic locking devices in which the door knob in addition to an antenna for non-contact communication or another sensor for receiving signals and a reading electronics is present. In another place - for example, in a rosette or the cylinder housing - a transmitter is present, which communicates with the reading electronics in a communication link. By the reading electronics, a signal of the electronic key is evaluated and optionally generates an evaluatable by an evaluation access signal. The evaluation then checks the accuracy of the access signal and causes a release or blocking if necessary. This solution has a safety-relevant disadvantage: Someone who has the access authorization to a certain first cylinder can use the doorknob of another, second cylinder Replace against the doorknob of the first cylinder and thus gain access to the second cylinder. As a remedy for this problem will be in the EP 1 739 631 proposed to add a knob-specific identification code by the reading electronics to the access code. However, this hinders the modularity, because each cylinder must then be individually tailored to the doorknob programmable; a self-authorized replacement of the doorknob by the user itself is then not possible, for example.

It is an object of the invention to provide an electronic locking device that overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and, in particular, meets high safety requirements while still being flexible.

This object is achieved by the invention as defined in the patent claims.

According to one aspect of the invention, an electronic locking device is characterized by a first module and a second module, the first module being present at a location accessible to the user - in the door knob or in the push-button for actuating the locking device - and a receiving unit for receiving Having signals from an electronic key (access medium, and possibly for sending signals to the access medium). The receiving unit has a receiving element - antenna or the like - for receiving signals from the electronic key and also corresponding drive means (in general, a corresponding processor, for example. An RFID chip) on. The second module is in a physically protected area - in the rotor of the lock cylinder; in any case, behind the mechanical attack protection - arranged and includes an evaluation unit for evaluating the signals from the receiving unit and Drive means for driving the electromechanical drive (the actuator). This also means that in the second module, the sequential logic is present for deciding whether or not there is an authorization. In embodiments in which, upon successful authentication, a corresponding signal is sent to the user - for example, the flashing of a green LED - the corresponding information is transmitted from the second module to the first module.

In contrast to the prior art, the received signals in the first module are not evaluated in the sense of a decision, but at best translated at most and / or decrypted according to a characteristic of the receiving means protocol. The whole decision logic is arranged as part of the evaluation in the second module. In other words, the authentication required for the release is performed in the second module. The first module has only the function to pass signals received from the electronic key (possibly translated and controlled in the desired manner); Only the second module interprets the signals as data and evaluates them.

The first module can thus be free from any sequential logic concerning the authentication process. However, the first module is preferably equipped to carry out a standard modulation / demodulation by means of an RFID chip or the like. In general, a standardization and, if necessary, a decryption is carried out by the first module, so that the differently designed according to the standard signals in a standardized form and passed on a contact connection to the second module.

In a simple case - for example, when using the DESfire standard (ISO 14443 media) function of the receiving unit is limited to the standard Modulation respectively demodulation. In other cases, for example when using Mifare Classic or Legic, in addition to the modulation / demodulation, a decoding or decryption of the decrypted signal is also carried out by the receiving unit.

Firstly, this ensures very good compatibility with existing systems and, secondly, the first module can contribute to the safety of the overall system without the initially discussed safety problems relating to the replacement of the first modules.

First, this architecture has the advantage of ensuring modularity. The first module can - for example, be connected to the actuating element (door knob or the like), in which it is arranged - releasably connected to the second module (eg. In the rotor of the lock cylinder or in the housing). First modules can be easily exchanged without changing or reprogramming the second module and without security risk. The modularity is guaranteed in two ways: On the one hand, in the second module different selectable security technologies - in corresponding security classes - and different form factors can be used. On the other hand, if necessary, also given independence from the selected knob with its different selectable technologies, shapes and functions.

As a receiving unit, a commercially available on the market conventional transmitting and receiving unit can be used, for example, an RFID chip with antenna. The protocol with encryption etc. used for the exchange of signals between the electronic key and the receiving unit can also be conventional (for example 'Mifare', the 'Legic' technology etc.) and the security of the measures according to the invention does not depend on the security of this Protocol. Within a security system with a plurality of locking devices, different, even proprietary signal exchange technologies can be used, and even the use of different physical channels is possible. For example, both the RFID transmission and the capacitive-resistive coupling can be used within a security system or in different security systems - and nevertheless, a second module of the same type can be used in each case.

The first module, in addition to the receiving unit (eg the RFID chip with antenna), also has an auxiliary processor. This is programmed to open the signal transmission channel between the receiving unit and the evaluation unit; this includes waking up the evaluation unit. Additionally or alternatively, the auxiliary processor can control the receiving unit in the normal operating state, at least as long as no writing and / or reading process is in progress. For example. For example, the auxiliary processor of the receiving unit can send "request" commands at regular intervals, thereby activating the search for a medium within its range. During this time the evaluation unit does not have to be active.

The auxiliary processor is also programmed to evaluate the signal type, ie to recognize what kind of medium (eg Mifare®, ISO 14443, Legic®, etc.) is in communication with the receiving unit. It is also programmed to detect if there are several media in the field at the same time (anticollision). Only with the correct medium type and with a single detected medium does he then wake up the hitherto passive electronic components of the second module. So the total energy consumption can be reduced.

The auxiliary processor can also have the function to communicate with almost any extensions, for example. With a wireless module for contactless communication with a central office, additional security devices such as a biometric sensor, a PIN input, etc. The auxiliary processor can, for example, in specific embodiments open the signal exchange channel between the receiving unit and the evaluation only if certain conditions are met, which are specified by the extensions. The auxiliary processor can also control the signaling for the user; and / or it may include management of the power source (i.a., of a battery which may also be located in the knob).

The auxiliary processor, like the second module, can always be configured identically regardless of the nature of the receiving unit and of possible expansions; i.e. he can be standardized. In addition to the above-indicated flexibility, it also brings the important advantage that different receiving unit technologies can also be integrated in a single security system if the output signals of different receiving units are produced in different formats / codings.

Furthermore, the first module can also have the energy source (generally a battery) for the entire locking device and / or signaling means (LEDs of different colors, buzzer and / or other means).

In addition to the evaluation means, the control means and the electromechanical drive, the second module preferably also includes the system timer, which may also be safety-relevant.

According to a preferred embodiment, the evaluation unit includes two processors: a first, serving as a conversion and communication unit evaluation unit processor and a second, serving as a security unit evaluation unit processor. In this case, the first processor effects the communication with the receiving unit, the conversion of the signals coming from this into processable data, the processing of decrypted data obtained by the second processor as well as the control and monitoring of the drive means or directly the electromechanical drive. The second processor may be implemented as a security chip which is implemented in such a way that certain data - for example a "site key" - can under no circumstances be issued. It decrypts and evaluates the data received from the first processor, performs the authentication process, and, if appropriate, returns decrypted data to the first processor.

According to a particular embodiment, the second processor can be used as a security chip in the sense of the international patent application PCT / CH 2009/000108 (Publication number WO 2009/121197 ), as referred to in this application as a "third integrated circuit". In this application and the description of the operation of the third integrated circuit, as can be seen, for example FIG. 2 is described, is hereby incorporated by reference.

In an alternative embodiment, the evaluation unit can also have only one processor or more than two processors. For example, the functions of the evaluation unit processor and the security chip can be integrated in a single processor (or chip).

The communication between the first module and the second module is preferably contact-based, ie via current-conducting devices (cables, Printed circuit boards of printed circuit boards / flexprints, plug and socket contacts etc.) or possibly optically, and not via an electromagnetic remote effect; As a result, the locking device is tap-proof. Between the first module and the second module, a plug connection is preferably present.

According to embodiments of the invention, the electronic locking device has an acceleration-rotation or orientation sensor, which independently - ie without contact or the like - can determine whether a door or a window sash is moved (opened, closed) in which the locking device is located, or in which orientation she is. The acceleration or rotation signal can ultimately be used to detect the door status / door position, for example by integrating the signal.

In larger facilities - such as industrial and commercial buildings, public buildings, hospitals, etc. - the monitoring of the condition of doors is firstly important and secondly a major challenge. According to the prior art, the doors are monitored with contact switches, reed contacts or possibly optical sensors or the like. This requires a considerable installation effort with its own energy source or. Connection to the mains. Often the appearance or reliability of such systems is not satisfactory.

According to these embodiments, an acceleration rotation or orientation sensor is thus mounted in the electronic locking device, ie at least in communication with other components of the locking device, and the locking device has corresponding evaluation means or possibly transmits the signals of the acceleration rotation. or Orientation sensor unprocessed or only preprocessed to external evaluation. The energy supply of the sensor is generally quite naturally about the power supply of the locking system, even if a separate power supply (battery) only for the sensor and its evaluation is not excluded in principle.

The locking device may moreover comprise means for the wireless transmission of information - or possibly also for the transmission of information via cable - with which a center is informed automatically or on call from this point either opening and closing processes or on the determined closing state, or via the possibly the unprocessed or only preprocessed signals of the sensor for processing in the control center are transmitted. In particular, when using the wireless transmission relay stations, amplifier modules or the like can be used in a conventional manner, if the range for a direct transmission from the locking device to the center is not sufficient. Common or proprietary protocols can be used for the transmission, whereby also encryption measures adapted to the security standard etc. can be provided.

Under certain circumstances, in contrast to the reading of the electronic key - which will usually be designed as a passive transponder - the information transfer from the locking device will be active at the headquarters; also for the power source of the locking device can be used.

Especially preferred is the use of acceleration sensors. Acceleration sensors are now in a highly miniaturized form, for example. As micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in Relatively inexpensive integrated circuits available, but reliable and robust. Also, piezoelectric acceleration sensors and other acceleration sensors are miniaturized available. The use of acceleration sensors is based on the simple and surprising realization that when closing and also when opening doors or the like, a very characteristic acceleration pattern arises, even if different people a door in different ways - eg. With or without force; hold with the trigger or release it, etc. - close or open. This allows an unambiguous determination of the closing state by evaluation of the acceleration signal. In addition, unlike currently available rotation sensors or orientation sensors (eg, compasses), the accelerometer does not need to be constantly powered.

As a rotation sensor is a gyroscope in question, as Orentierungssensor a - also miniaturized available - compass.

The sensor can be present as an integral part of the closing device or as subsequently attachable module but - together with the means for wireless information transmission - preferably (but not necessarily) as part of the locking device to understand in the sense that he with the other components of the locking device is in communication, for example. By a common power supply. This is of great advantage, because the additional effort for the sensor and its evaluation is then very small.

For all these reasons, this approach allows for a high efficiency gain and massive cost savings as well also a gain in flexibility compared to the procedure according to the prior art.

The acceleration sensor and the information transmission means are preferably present as extensions in the first module (and / or possibly also in the second module) and are, for example, driven by the auxiliary processor and communicate via this. The auxiliary processor may optionally also contain the means for evaluating the signals from the acceleration sensor.

• Figur 1 ein Schema einer Schliesseinrichtung gemäss der Erfindung;
• Figuren 2 und 3 schematisch Schliesseinrichtungen gemäss der Erfindung; und
• Figur 4 ein Schema von Komponenten gemäss Ausführungsformen der Erfindung.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to figures. In the figures, like reference characters designate like or analogous elements. Show it:

• FIG. 1 a diagram of a closing device according to the invention;
• FIGS. 2 and 3 schematically closing devices according to the invention; and
• FIG. 4 a schematic of components according to embodiments of the invention.

The closing device according to FIG. 1 has a first module 1 and a second module 2. The first module is located in a relatively easily accessible place, for example. Inside a doorknob.

The first module has an exemplary conventional receiving unit 4 with RFID chip and antenna A. The receiving unit 4 can be used as a Mifare Classic receiving unit, as a Legic receiving unit, as a receiving unit for the capacitive-resistive information transmission (see, for example. WO 2007/112609 ) or in another manner known per se or novel. The signal transmission between an electronic key or access medium (not shown) and the receiving unit is not the subject of the present invention and will not be explained in detail here.

The receiving unit 4 is in communication with an auxiliary processor AUX and here in a direct connection to the evaluation unit 5 of the second module.

Furthermore, the first module also has a power source (battery) BATT, a battery protection unit PROT and a voltage converter DC / DC, which are each here in communication with the auxiliary processor AUX. It would also be conceivable that the battery protection unit forms an autonomous system which controls the battery management (in particular in the case of several batteries). Signaling means SIG - for example an LED, a plurality of, for example, LEDs of different colors and / or a buzzer are in communication with the auxiliary processor and are controlled by the latter.

In addition, the auxiliary processor also allows the integration of possible extensions. In the illustrated embodiment, two extensions EXT1 and EXT2 are shown. Such extensions may be, for example, communication modules (GSM, radio, etc.), sensors, additional security modules, for example with PIN input, sensor module for biometric features, etc. the integration into the closing device can be done independently of the specific nature.

Between the first module and the second module, there is a defined interface, which includes, for example, a plug connection. Corresponding contacts are symbolized by the black circles. The first module can therefore be removed and replaced, and / or the fitter installing the locking device can choose between a plurality of first modules and the first module-containing housings (eg door knobs), off-the-shelf.

The second module 2 is seen from the first module 1 from behind a mechanical attack protection, namely a drill protection 3 and thus protected with the usual security precautions against attacks. If the closing device is a locking cylinder, it is particularly preferred that it be arranged in the rotor of the closing cylinder. It has an actuator arrangement with a motor M and a motor drive DRIV, which can be activated by the evaluation unit 5. With STATE in the figure an optional condition monitoring of the motor is called, which serves for the function control of the same - for example, to detect the effective revolutions - and serves as a feedback element of the actuator assembly, for monitoring the electromechanical drive.

The actuator assembly can move in a conventional manner a coupling element which selectively and depending on the switching state couples the rotor with an output element, the rotor against a stator (housing) blocks, and / or coupled to the actuator part of the rotor with another part of the rotor couples. By a rotary movement of the output element, the lock can be actuated and the door or the window sash can be opened, etc.

In the illustrated embodiment, the evaluation unit has a first processor APPL, which serves as a conversion and communication unit and converts the signals received from the first module into data and to the second processor SEC forwards. The second processor is configured as a security chip, which is designed so that it can not issue unencrypted or even completely independent of the activation certain security-relevant features such as a "site key". The second processor SEC carries out the authentication process and, in the case of consistency, first instructs the first processor to actuate the actuator arrangement and, secondly, preferably also to communicate the release to the auxiliary processor AUX, so that a corresponding signal can be output when the release is successful.

In one variant, the evaluation unit has a processor which integrates the functions of the first processor APPL and of the second processor SEC and has a decryption function and, for example, at the same time also equipped to activate the DRIV motor control.

The system timer CLOCK is also arranged as a safety-relevant component in the second module.

The power of the components of the second module via the battery BATT, which also feeds the components of the first module.

The function of the auxiliary processor is - in addition to the control of the peripheral elements such as signaling means, battery protection unit, voltage converter and possibly the extensions - the regulation of the data exchange between the receiving unit 4 and the evaluation unit 5. This can be done as follows:
The auxiliary processor issues a polling command ("Request") to the receiving unit ("polling"), which sends the command with the normalized Modulation method converts into a corresponding RF signal and sends out. If a medium is within range, it is activated and responds with a defined response signal which is demodulated by the receiving unit (the RFID chip with antenna) with the standardized demodulation method and forwarded to the auxiliary processor. This checks whether the answer corresponds to the expected format. It recognizes by the answer which type of medium it is, whereby this examination of the response and recognition of the type of medium can also be done in two or more steps - for example, in ISO 14443 with the query of so-called SAK data. If several responses from different media - for example, recognized by different specific identification codes - the communication is aborted because there are too many media in the field. Otherwise, the evaluation unit is woken up by the auxiliary processor, and thus the entire system is started. The auxiliary processor opens a direct communication channel between the receiving unit and the evaluation unit, via which the evaluation unit then directly receives the signals required for the authentication. This can be done by pressing an internal switch, ie physically the signals can pass through the auxiliary processor. The communication taking place after waking up the evaluation unit is controlled and evaluated by it.

According to a variant, the procedure is as described above, but after the awakening of the evaluation unit, the auxiliary processor translates the data signals into a format which can be utilized by the evaluation unit; however, it does not make an authentication decision, and preferably processes the signals entirely without arbitration logic, with the possible exception of an initial recognition of the signal format.

According to another variant, which is useful, for example, when the receiving unit is not based on RFID technology but, for example, is a keyboard, can on the Control of the receiving unit ("poll") are waived by the auxiliary processor, and the receiving unit wakes up the auxiliary processor.

In FIGS. 2 and 3 are still very schematically drawn different embodiments of the inventive closing device. A particularly advantageous feature of the locking device is that it can be readily implemented both as a half cylinder and as a double cylinder. If the locking device is a lock cylinder, it may, for example, be composed of three components standardized components: a door knob with the first module and a connector interface, a lock cylinder rotor with the second module and one cooperating with the rotor-connector interface Plug interface, and a lock cylinder stator, which may have a normalized profile, for example, the tap profile (DIN18252, also known as Europrofil) or the US profile etc. All three components (except for the coordination of the axial dimension of the shooting cylinder rotor and lock cylinder stator) are selected independently of each other, ie regardless of the selected profile and the configuration (half cylinder, double cylinder), the essential parts of the lock cylinder rotor with second module always formed identical and the knob including receiving unit within a range are arbitrarily selected. All this is possible without loss of security and with at most little additional adjustment and programming effort only due to the inventive approach. Depending on the embodiment, the evaluation unit does not have to be reprogrammed during an adaptation, or it must be communicated to the evaluation unit when changing the communication technology, for example, only the expected media format (Mifare, DESfire, etc.); This configuration can, for example, easily be done via a firmware change via a plug.

FIG. 2 shows a scheme in which the closing device as a double cylinder with outer knob 11, rotor 12, stator (profiled housing) 13, output member (driver) 14 and inner knob 15 is formed. The first module 1 is arranged in the outer knob, and the second module 2 is here as a whole - including the actuator - in the rotor. Upon release after authentication has taken place, the second module 2 couples the rotor, or its components firmly coupled to the outer knob, with the eccentric driven element 14, whereby the door lock can be opened. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner knob 15 is fixedly coupled via a permanent coupling 16 to the driven element 14, ie, the door can always be opened with the inner knob.

In such a configuration, the battery for the power supply of both modules can also be arranged in the inner knob. The outer knob 11 can then optionally also have a battery, for example, as a reserve in the event that the battery fails in the inner knob.

FIG. 3 shows a half-cylinder with (outer) knob 11, rotor 12, stator 13 and output member 14. The operation is the same as in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 except that the inner knob is missing and the battery is located in the outer knob.

In both embodiments, other arrangements of the battery, for example. In the stator 13 are possible, in which case appropriate sliding contacts are provided. The second module can optionally be arranged in the stator behind the drill protection 3.

Next, the locking device instead of a lock cylinder in other forms, for example. In an arrangement with door handle. The first module can then be present in a suitable location on the door fitting, and the second module - possibly including batteries - in the housing. The present in the housing actuator then coupled when released the door handle with an output element; corresponding arrangements with a moving away from the actuator coupling element are possible and have been described elsewhere, for example in the WO 2004/057137 ,

Based FIG. 4 Still another embodiment will be described. The closing device has an acceleration sensor 21. This may, for example, be a silicon-based integrated MEMS sensor. In addition, evaluation means 22 are present, which can evaluate an acceleration signal received by the acceleration sensor and deduce therefrom whether the door has been opened or closed. If appropriate, the data of an optional status memory 23, in which the current status of the door / window (open / closed) is stored, can additionally be utilized for this purpose. This is updated if necessary after an opening or closing process. A wireless communication device 24 is equipped to exchange information with a central office 25. It proactively notifies, for example, a status change to the control center 25. However, it is additionally or alternatively also possible for the control center via the communication device 24 to poll the status memory periodically or at irregular intervals according to the door status.

• Die Auswertemittel 22 müssen nicht separat vorhanden sein, sondern können im Beschleunigungssensor oder einem anderen Bauteil, bspw. einem Hilfsprozessor, integriert sein.
• Die Auswertemittel müssen nicht in der Schliesseinrichtung vorhanden sein, sondern können bei der Zentrale oder eventuell in einer Zwischenstation liegen; in diesem Fall werden die Signale vom Beschleunigungssensor im Wesentlichen unverarbeitet durch die Kommunikationseinrichtung 24 weitergegeben.
• Auch eine Lösung, bei welcher Beschleunigungssensor und Kommunikationseinrichtung in einem einzigen Chip integriert sind, gegebenenfalls mit Auswerteeinheit, ist nicht auszuschliessen.
• Falls die Schliesseinrichtung ohnehin verdrahtet ist oder in besonders sicherheitssensitiven Fällen kann auch eine nicht berührungslose Kommunikation mit der Zentrale erfolgen. Ganz besonders vorteilhaft ist es aufgrund der einfachen Montierbarkeit und der geringen Kosten jedoch, wenn der Aufwand für Extrainstallationen und eine Verdrahtung stark ins Gewicht fallen würde; in diesen Fällen ist die berührungslose Kommunikation klar bevorzugt.
• Anstelle eines Beschleunigungssensors kann ein Rotationssensor (Gyroskop) oder ein Kompass verwendet werden.
• Auch Kombinationen der vorstehend erwähnten Varianten sind möglich.

The following variants are possible along with many others:

• The evaluation means 22 need not be present separately, but may be integrated in the acceleration sensor or another component, for example an auxiliary processor.
• The evaluation must not be present in the locking device, but may be at the headquarters or possibly in an intermediate station; In this case, the signals from the acceleration sensor are transmitted substantially unprocessed by the communication device 24.
• Also, a solution in which acceleration sensor and communication device are integrated in a single chip, optionally with evaluation, can not be ruled out.
• If the locking device is wired anyway or in particularly security-sensitive cases, a non-contact communication with the center can be done. However, it is particularly advantageous due to the ease of assembly and low cost, if the cost of extra installations and wiring would be very significant; In these cases, non-contact communication is clearly preferred.
• Instead of an acceleration sensor, a rotation sensor (gyroscope) or a compass can be used.
• Combinations of the abovementioned variants are also possible.

The acceleration sensor and the communication device are integrated in the locking device in the sense that they are powered by their power supply, and preferably also physically arranged in it. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the acceleration sensor and the communication device are present as extensions of the first module; the acceleration sensor and possibly also components of the communication device can physically but - in sufficient space - be arranged in the second module.

Claims (11)

1. An electronic locking device with a receiving unit for receiving an authorisation signal from an access medium and with an actuator for the selective coupling or release of elements of the locking device which can be moved to one another, when an authentication test has resulted in an authorisation being present, and with a mechanical engagement protection (3) for the mechanical shielding of the actuator, comprising a first module which is arranged in front of the mechanical engagement protection and which comprises the receiving unit (4) as well as comprising a second module (2) which is arranged behind the mechanical engagement protection and comprises the actuator, wherein the second module (2) comprises an evaluation unit (5), wherein the evaluation unit is in communication connection with the receiving unit (4) and wherein the evaluation unit is designed for evaluating signals which are issued by the receiving unit and for carrying out an authentication process in a manner such that the decision concerning the presence of the authorisation is made by the evaluation unit (5) of the second module (2), wherein the first module comprises an auxiliary processor (AUX), by way of which the communication connection between the receiving unit (4) and the evaluation unit (5) is created, and wherein the first module is integrated into a knob or handle for actuating the locking device, characterised in that the auxiliary processor (AUX) is programmed to wake the evaluation unit and to only wake the evaluation unit when the auxiliary processor (AUX) recognises precisely one access medium of a correct media type and to then open a direct signal transfer channel between the receiving unit (4) and the evaluation unit (5), via which channel the evaluation unit directly receives the signals which are necessary for the authentication, wherein the evaluation unit (5) is designed to control and evaluate this communication between the receiving unit (4) and the evaluation unit (5), and that the second module is integrated into a rotor (12) of the locking device.
2. An electronic locking device according to claim 1, characterised in that the receiving device (4) comprises means for requesting authorisation signals from the access medium according to a predefined protocol.
3. An electronic locking device according to claim 2, characterised in that the receiving device comprises an RFID chip (RFID).
4. An electronic locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by a plug-in connection between the first (1) and the second module (2).
5. An electronic locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the auxiliary processor (AUX) comprises means for activating a signalisation device in dependence on the commands which are received by the evaluation unit (5).
6. An electronic locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the auxiliary processor (AUX) comprises means for activating extensions (EXT 1, EXT 2).
7. An electronic locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by an acceleration sensor, rotation sensor or orientation sensor (21) for determining movements or the orientation of the door or of the window, in which the locking device is installed.
8. An electronic locking device according to claim 7, characterised in that the sensor is an acceleration sensor (21).
9. An electronic locking device according to claim 7 or 8, characterised by a device for the wireless communication (24) for transferring status information to a control centre (25).
10. An electronic locking device according to one of the claims 7-9, characterised by an evaluation unit (22) for determining the locking state of the door or of the window in dependence on signals which are received from the acceleration sensor, rotation sensor or orientation sensor (21), as well as a status memory (23) for storing the locking state of the door or of the window.
11. An electronic locking device according to one of the claims 7-10, characterised in that the acceleration sensor, rotation sensor or orientation sensor (21) is provided as an extension which can be activated by the auxiliary processor (AUX).

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