EP2458089A2 - Procédé et dispositif de mesure de paramètres de sol à l'aide de machines de compactage - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de mesure de paramètres de sol à l'aide de machines de compactage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2458089A2
EP2458089A2 EP11190403A EP11190403A EP2458089A2 EP 2458089 A2 EP2458089 A2 EP 2458089A2 EP 11190403 A EP11190403 A EP 11190403A EP 11190403 A EP11190403 A EP 11190403A EP 2458089 A2 EP2458089 A2 EP 2458089A2
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Prior art keywords
correlation
measuring device
absolute compression
compression characteristic
soil
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EP11190403A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2458089A3 (fr
Inventor
Wilhelm Latt
André Kurzweg
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Weber Maschinentechnik GmbH
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Weber Maschinentechnik GmbH
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Application filed by Weber Maschinentechnik GmbH filed Critical Weber Maschinentechnik GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/23—Rollers therefor; Such rollers usable also for compacting soil
    • E01C19/28—Vibrated rollers or rollers subjected to impacts, e.g. hammering blows
    • E01C19/288—Vibrated rollers or rollers subjected to impacts, e.g. hammering blows adapted for monitoring characteristics of the material being compacted, e.g. indicating resonant frequency, measuring degree of compaction, by measuring values, detectable on the roller; using detected values to control operation of the roller, e.g. automatic adjustment of vibration responsive to such measurements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/30—Tamping or vibrating apparatus other than rollers ; Devices for ramming individual paving elements
    • E01C19/34—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight
    • E01C19/35—Hand-held or hand-guided tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
    • E01C19/22—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for consolidating or finishing laid-down unset materials
    • E01C19/30—Tamping or vibrating apparatus other than rollers ; Devices for ramming individual paving elements
    • E01C19/34—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight
    • E01C19/38—Power-driven rammers or tampers, e.g. air-hammer impacted shoes for ramming stone-sett paving; Hand-actuated ramming or tamping machines, e.g. tampers with manually hoisted dropping weight with means specifically for generating vibrations, e.g. vibrating plate compactors, immersion vibrators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil

Definitions

  • the invention relates according to the preamble of claim 1, a method for work-integrated determination of absolute soil characteristics, in particular compaction characteristics, during soil compaction with a soil compaction device, and a soil compacting device for performing the method according to claim 19.
  • a high-quality compaction of ground contact areas, pouring layers, antifreeze or base courses, and the like according to the requirement criteria, has a significant influence on the serviceability and the service life of the building to be erected, in general in civil engineering as well as in foundations for industrial and hall construction ,
  • the number of measurements on a defined area, in which the same boundary conditions of the soil are present and which is also referred to as an inspection lot, is limited by the time required, that is, it can only be measured on a random basis. If the measuring points are selected unfavorably, there may additionally be a risk of damage to a building. Therefore, it makes sense to have information in advance of the measurements as to whether the entire inspection lot is evenly and sufficiently compacted.
  • DE 100 28 949 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for determining the degree of compaction in soil compaction by means of a roller or plate vibrator.
  • amplitude values of vibrations of a base plate relative to a superstructure are measured, in particular contactless (inductive), and evaluated in an electronic circuit. This happens when, on the one hand, the oscillation of the bottom plate takes place approximately at the excitation frequency and, on the other hand, the oscillation of the plate takes place approximately at a maximum of 60% of the excitation frequency.
  • a quotient of both amplitude values serves as a measure for the current degree of compaction. If the quotient exceeds a certain limit or its rate of change is too low, an optical or audible signal is generated. This allows the operator to recognize the maximum possible compaction with the machine. From this point, further transitions are no longer worthwhile and may even be detrimental, as they lead to damage both in the already compacted ground and on the machine.
  • the degree of compaction is displayed via a simple rotary pointer instrument attached to the upper end of the guide bracket.
  • This has the disadvantage that one must recognize and read off an optionally made change in the pointer position for an assessment of the degree of compaction achieved.
  • this is often difficult to achieve in the usually rough construction site operation. Consequently, there is the danger that, in case of doubt, more compression transitions will take place than are actually necessary, which can lead to damage in the already compacted subsoil as well as damage to the machine.
  • a soil compactor for compacting substrates and building materials which has a bottom plate, which is set by a motor-driven vibration generator in a directional vibration, and having means for determining the degree of compaction during soil compaction.
  • a mounted on the bottom plate sensor detects their accelerations.
  • the soil compactor has an electronic circuit which receives and processes the measured values registered by the sensor. The determined results are then visualized by means of a display element with at least three light elements, which represent the degree of compression connected as a light chain. This gives the operator information about the tendency to increase or decrease compression.
  • a method for determining a soil property by means of a soil compaction device which has a swinging soil plate for soil compaction.
  • a dynamic deformation modulus E V, dynVer Whyr during compaction In order to be able to check the quality of a compaction work, one should determine a dynamic deformation modulus E V, dynVer Whyr during compaction.
  • Vibration plates and rammers usually lose contact during a significant portion of a vibration loading cycle to the ground. Due to long flight phases and short contact times, measuring methods of the prior art designed for periodic movement behavior are not suitable for determining the bottom compression.
  • ⁇ is a contact surface parameter for taking into account the geometry and shape of the actual contact surface of the bottom plate with the bottom during a specific period considered for the determination of the actual contact surface.
  • the current contact surface of the bottom plate is dependent on all three coordinate axes and rotations about these. It must be determined by means of sensors and calculations. Both translational accelerations and spins are to be measured for this purpose. In particular, rotational speeds in the pitch direction (about the y-axis), roll direction (about the x-axis) and yaw direction (about the z-axis) play a role.
  • the factor k dyn represents the dynamic rigidity of the soil and is formed as a gradient of the contact force F and the contact path s. It is ⁇ ⁇ F contact ⁇ ⁇ s contact an approximation to the actual gradient of the contact force d ⁇ F contact d ⁇ s contact ,
  • the force F must also be detected by means of calculations that take the imbalance movements into account or by sensors. From the current position of the imbalances, including their phase shift, as well as the knowledge of the exciter shaft angular velocity and the size of these imbalances, the currently acting imbalance force in the direction and size is determined.
  • a determination of the contact path s first requires a determination of the accelerations of the force application point. By double integration of the accelerations at the force application point can then determine the amplitude and direction of the path at this. It is necessary to first determine the position of the force application point P, which in turn depends on the Contact surface parameter ⁇ depends.
  • the position of the force application point of the contact force can be regarded as a first approximation as the position of the centroid of the contact surface, so that the position of the centroid is known.
  • DE 10 2006 008 266 A1 further discloses sensors and their arrangement for directly calculating a soil characteristic.
  • a disadvantage in all cases is that the calculation approach requires a large number of measurement data in order to be able to take into account all degrees of freedom of the base plate.
  • the required number of sensors not only leads to high costs, but also to an increased risk of failure due to the resulting complexity and structurally necessary design requirements. Assembly, disassembly, troubleshooting and troubleshooting are made even more difficult.
  • the use of numerous approximations for the determination of the deformation modulus leads to inaccurate, error-prone results.
  • the aim of the invention is to overcome these and other disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a method for a soil compactor, which has a simple and inexpensive to implement measuring device by which the increase in compression, weaknesses and inhomogeneities of the substrates to be compacted or Building materials and deviations from the operating frequency quickly and conveniently to capture or read without special or prior knowledge of the operator must be present. Misinterpretations should be excluded as well as uncertainties when reading.
  • the measuring device shall provide absolute compression characteristics by means of the method, which may give an indication of subsequent conventional test methods or make these - if permitted by applicable laws and other regulations - completely dispensable.
  • the invention relates to a method for determining a soil property by means of a soil compaction device which is suitable for compacting substrates and building materials and which has a swinging acted bottom plate for soil compaction, wherein the bottom plate is in particular by a motor-driven vibration exciter in a directional vibration, with at least a sensor that detects the accelerations of the bottom plate in the vertical direction and transmitted to a measuring device that determines and makes available based on the accelerations of the bottom plate absolute compression characteristics during soil compaction, in a Mahsfeld the soil compacting device, a correlation between the vibration behavior, preferably the accelerations the bottom plate or a path signal determined therefrom of the bottom plate, and created the absolute compression characteristics and hinte in the measuring device rests, and that the measuring device during the compacting operation determines the accelerations of the bottom plate and transformed so that they are suitable as input values for the deposited correlation, and that the measuring device determines an absolute compression characteristic value by means of the input value and the correlation.
  • a significant advantage of the invention is the low complexity of the process by the restriction to a single necessary sensor. Accordingly, the structural design features are easy to implement, so that the development and manufacturing costs are reduced.
  • the sensor is preferably positioned according to a machine-type-dependent movement behavior of the base plate.
  • a positioning in the middle of the bottom plate is advantageous, since this is the center of gravity.
  • the machine type is such that the bottom plate wobbles, that is to say, jump, tilt and pitch, positioning the sensor at the edge of the bottom plate is more suitable for obtaining accurate absolute compression characteristics.
  • the compaction characteristics ascertained according to the invention during soil compaction represent a very good approximation to an absolute compaction characteristic, which in particular are not distorted by numerous iterations and approximations as in a direct computation of the absolute compaction characteristic.
  • the inference from the vibration behavior of the base plate to an absolute compression characteristic value requires the creation of a correlation for each machine type, however, complex calculation methods for the direct determination of the compression characteristic value can be omitted.
  • no measurement data and thus sensors for all degrees of freedom are necessary.
  • the small number of sensors and the significantly reduced computing power of advantage which makes it possible to use an inexpensive measuring device.
  • the method according to the invention there is a reliable detection of a compression increase, as well as weak points and inhomogeneities of the substrates or building materials to be compacted. Furthermore, it is possible to detect deviations from the operating frequency. The operator does not require any special knowledge or expertise. This can easily detect whether a crossing increases the compression. It also detects weak spots and inhomogeneities due to the absolute compaction characteristic decreasing or increasing. If no increase in compaction is achieved, the operator can end the compaction. It can also stop the compaction already on reaching the desired absolute compression characteristic value. This avoids unnecessary crossings and significantly reduces labor and machine costs.
  • the absolute compaction parameters determined by the measuring device also provide a reliable indication for subsequent conventional test methods. In this way it can be avoided that only by the conventional test method insufficient compaction is detected. This reduces the likelihood that recompression and renewed conventional verification will be required. This avoids unnecessary crossings and the labor and machine costs drop significantly.
  • the conventional checks can also be placed in compaction zones identified as bottlenecks during compaction. As a result, a development permit of an insufficiently compacted area is excluded because a so determined measuring point is representative of the entire area. Due to the long-term behavior of sediment-sensitive soils, settlement can not be completely ruled out, but high-quality compaction by a high quality control instrument according to the method minimizes the expected subsidence. Damage to buildings due to settling, in particular uneven settlement, is avoided in a sustainable way.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides that the soil compacting device is designed such that the accelerations of the bottom plate behave deterministically. By paying attention to deterministic vibration behavior during the development of the soil compacting device, the quality of the determined absolute compaction characteristics increases considerably.
  • the operator presets an adjustment of the speed of movement of the soil compaction device.
  • the highest shares of the operating time have an end position forward drive and an end position reverse drive. Intermediate positions serve, for example, a slow approach to an obstacle.
  • the deterministic behavior has a dependence on the phase shifts, this can be taken into account in the correlation by creating correlations for the required phase shifts and storing them in the measuring device. As a result, a high quality of the determined absolute compression characteristics can be achieved even with such a soil compacting device.
  • a determination of absolute compression characteristics can be carried out for each of the stored phase shifts.
  • the determination of the absolute compression characteristic value can also be limited exclusively to the phase shifts forward drive and reverse drive.
  • the phase shifts forward drive and reverse drive are correlations to be determined and stored in the measuring device.
  • the effort to create the correlation is correspondingly low and the process is easy to implement.
  • the determination of the phase shift and thus the operating states forward drive and reverse drive can be easily determined, e.g. via a control lever position, or via a second sensor which determines horizontal accelerations and thus allows calculation of a resultant, or via two position sensors for determining the imbalance positions, or via a control pressure in a hydraulic circuit for adjusting the imbalance positions, or via a position of an adjusting cylinder of hydraulic circuit.
  • the effort for the design of the soil compaction device decreases because a non-deterministic oscillation behavior is irrelevant in the case of other phase shifts. Nevertheless, the operator can be provided with an absolute compaction factor for most of the operating time in order to achieve a good and time-efficient compaction result. If the phase shift is different, a message can be output to the operator instead of a compaction parameter.
  • the measuring device performs a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) and monitors the deterministic behavior of the accelerations of the base plate.
  • FFT fast Fourier transformation
  • the determination of a deterministic vibration behavior can be carried out, for example, by determining the FFT signal value at the first harmonic of the excitation frequency. If a limit value is exceeded by this value, a deterministic recurring oscillation exists, provided that there are no exceedances of limit values at frequencies between the harmonics. On the other hand, if the ground is very soft, the vibration has only minor distortions / deviations with respect to a purely harmonic oscillation. This could be determined for example by falling below a limit value at the first harmonic of the exciter frequency. Thus, for example, it could be visualized that a water-saturated cohesive soil can not be compacted with this working device. Furthermore, a soil can not be further compressed from a certain compaction. The bottom plate then has a chaotic vibration behavior. This can be determined by the fact that the FFT signal not only indicates rashes for the harmonics, but above and below (subharmonic range) the excitation frequency is exceeded even at other frequencies limit values.
  • the operator can now obtain information that in the case of deterministic movement behavior an absolute compression characteristic value is output, in the case of a harmonic oscillation behavior a message about the non-compressibility and in the case of chaotic vibration behavior a message about reaching the maximum compression.
  • the maximum compression is only that which can be achieved with the soil compacting device used. If necessary, a further compaction can be achieved with another soil compacting device.
  • the correlation describes a relationship between the path signal of the bottom plate and the absolute compression characteristic value in the form of a correlation curve or a correlation table or a correlation function.
  • the determination of the absolute compression characteristic value differs by the measuring device.
  • the path signal is preferably used as the ordinate value and the associated absolute compression characteristic of the abscissa is read out.
  • a table it is first to be determined by the measuring device which path signal of the table is closest to the transmitted value and then the associated absolute compression characteristic value can be taken from the table. It is also possible that path signal ranges with assigned absolute compression characteristics are defined in the table. As a result, the determination of the closest table value can be omitted and the absolute compaction characteristics can be determined directly.
  • the path signal is inserted into the function and the absolute compression characteristic value is calculated.
  • the correlation describes a relationship between the path signal of the bottom plate, the absolute compression characteristic value and the phase shift between individual pathogens in the form of a correlation plane or a correlation table or a correlation function, wherein the individual exciters are part of the vibration exciter.
  • the phase shift can be determined by the measuring device using a further sensor or a position of the operating lever. It can also be simple information such as forward, reverse or standstill.
  • the determination of the absolute compression characteristic again differs.
  • the path signal is used as the ordinate value
  • the phase shift is used as the application value and the associated absolute compression characteristic of the abscissa is read out.
  • the measuring device determines which path signal of the table is closest to the transmitted value and then the associated absolute compression characteristic value is taken from the table. It is also possible that path signal ranges are defined in the table, to which absolute compression characteristics are assigned. This could eliminate the determination of the nearest table value.
  • the selection of the correlation form depends essentially on the vibration behavior of the bottom plate.
  • the correct selection of the shape ensures that the determined absolute compaction characteristics are as exact as possible, with a minimum of investigation effort.
  • An essential advantage of the different forms of correlation is the adaptability of the method according to the invention to soil compacting devices with different vibration behavior.
  • the absolute compression characteristic of the amount corresponds to the value of a dynamic deformation modulus E vd and the correlation results from comparison experiments between the soil compacting device and a dynamic load plate pressure test.
  • a dynamic load plate pressure test is described inter alia in the technical test specification for soil and rock in road construction TP BF-StB, Part B 8.3 (2003).
  • the absolute compression characteristic value thus represents an approximation to the deformation modulus E vd .
  • the unit of the determined absolute compression characteristic would thus be MN / m 2 .
  • the comparative tests should preferably be carried out in such a way that a measurement with the dynamic load plate pressure test takes place on a base of a specific composition and the absolute compression characteristic value is recorded.
  • the soil compacting device is activated on a soil of the same property and the vertical accelerations of the soil plate are documented. After a transfer of these into a path signal, this is then assigned to the absolute compression characteristic of the load plate pressure test.
  • the accelerations or the associated path signal changes with increasing compression. With a deterministic oscillation behavior there is thus a connection between these two quantities.
  • the accelerations can be documented as a function of these.
  • the path signals are assigned an absolute compression characteristic value.
  • the measurement results can be entered in a diagram, on the abscissa of the path signal and on the ordinate of the absolute compression characteristic value are shown.
  • the measured values form a point cloud in this diagram.
  • a mathematical function can be placed through the point cloud of the measured values by approximation or compensation calculation and displayed as a graph.
  • the third dimension is the phase shift on an applicate.
  • the point cloud is then three-dimensional and a plane function can be calculated by approximation or compensation calculation. Alternatively, a graphical approximation of a plane to the point cloud in the three-dimensional diagram is again possible.
  • the measuring device determines the path signal of the bottom plate by two times integration of the accelerations of the bottom plate. In particular, the integration takes place according to the time. This process step makes it possible to determine the path signal without having to use additional components. There are thus no additional production costs and low development costs.
  • Another embodiment of the method provides that the detected accelerations of the bottom plate or the path signal of the bottom plate in signal sequences of a certain length are divided, preferably in signal sequences of a certain length of time and / or a certain number of amplitudes.
  • the advantage here is that no continuous determination of the absolute compression takes place, but this takes place in one cycle. This reduces the computing power of the measuring device, which is thus cheaper to interpret.
  • the clocked determination prevents the absolute compression characteristic from fluctuating excessively.
  • the data obtained in the sequence can be averaged so that the quality of the absolute compaction characteristics determined here is better.
  • the operator gets each value displayed for the duration of the clock window. The value can thus be read on a display without it jumping and the operator himself having to form an average of the displayed fluctuating values.
  • the displacement signal of the base plate in the measuring device passes through a high-pass filter, which is preferably a high-pass filter of the 4th order.
  • a high-pass filter which could be, for example, a Butterworth filter. With such a filter noise frequencies are removed.
  • the quality of the determined absolute compression characteristics increases without additional components being required. Complexity and manufacturing costs of the soil compacting device remain low.
  • the inventive method further allows integration errors of the path signal of the bottom plate to be cut out of the signal sequence. These are in particular the first amplitudes A of a sequence. Thereby, a fixed number of amplitudes can be removed, or else an integration error is defined on the basis of criteria. Through this step, the quality of the absolute characteristic value determined with such a path signal is further increased. This process step is voroutlinedbar by the measuring device and additional components are not required. Complexity and manufacturing costs of the soil compacting device thus do not increase.
  • an upper envelope of the signal sequence of the path signal can be determined and / or a lower envelope of the signal sequence of the path signal.
  • Both envelopes represent a simplified and averaged criterion of the path signal, which can be further processed in a simple manner. Also this step does not require any further components, so that the complexity and production costs of the soil compacting device do not increase.
  • the measuring device has an arithmetic mean of the upper envelope of the signal sequence of the path signal and / or a Arithmetic mean of the lower envelope of the signal sequence of the path signal determined.
  • the path signal of a signal sequence is thus described by a single or two values. It is particularly advantageous that all disturbance variables are eliminated by the averaging and the value, or the two values, allow the simplest possible correlation formation, from which the associated absolute compression characteristics can then be determined very simply.
  • the method step of determining the arithmetic mean can be carried out completely by the measuring device, so that no additional components are required. The complexity and the manufacturing cost of the soil compacting device thus do not increase.
  • the measuring device determines the absolute compression characteristic value from the correlation in such a way that it inputs the arithmetic mean of the upper envelope into the stored correlation as input value and, as a result, obtains the associated absolute compression characteristic value.
  • it is not necessary to determine the lower envelope of the path signal. It can thus be omitted a process step and it is a lower computing power of the measuring device needed.
  • the measuring device determines the absolute compression characteristic value from the correlation in such a way that it inputs the arithmetic mean of the lower envelope into the stored correlation as input value and obtains the associated absolute compression characteristic value as a result.
  • it is not necessary to determine the upper envelope of the path signal. It can therefore also be omitted a process step and it is a lower computing power of the measuring device needed.
  • the method optionally provides that the measuring device determines the absolute compression characteristic from the correlation in such a way that it takes as input the sum of the amount of the arithmetic mean of the upper envelope and the amount of the arithmetic mean enters the lower envelope in the stored correlation and obtains the associated absolute compression characteristic as a result.
  • the delta between lower and upper arithmetic mean errors are excluded by a shift of the zero position.
  • the entire path signal is shown in more detail than in a single consideration of the upper or lower arithmetic mean. Since the measuring device performs this method step, no further components are required. The complexity and the production costs of the soil compacting device thus do not increase and a very high quality of the determined absolute compacting characteristic is achieved.
  • the absolute compression characteristic value is made available to an operator of the soil compaction device such that it is displayed and / or stored and / or transmitted to external information carriers.
  • the display of the absolute compression characteristic value enables the operator to stop the compression when a certain value has been reached or when no further compaction with the soil compacting device can be achieved. This avoids unnecessary crossings and reduces labor and machine costs as well as the duration of implementation.
  • Data storage makes it possible to log compression, for example, by people performing subsequent conventional checks. It is possible to supplement the logging of the absolute compression characteristics with a position specification. Conceivable here would be the use of a GPS sensor. The conventional test methods could therefore be applied at critical positions. In addition, a targeted post-processing of certain construction site areas could take place.
  • Transmission of the data to external information carriers increases the security of the data storage and these are easily forwarded to required places, for example, to those who subsequently performs the conventional test methods. In addition, it allows a supervisor to easily monitor the operator's workload and take corrective action to improve the workload.
  • a quality number could also be calculated and output to the operator. This describes the uniformity of compaction over the entire compacted area.
  • the invention thus represents an important element of quality assurance, which is constructed with only a few means or components and is correspondingly inexpensive to implement and allows a process-integrated nationwide determination of the soil carrying capacity.
  • a maximum upper step length MoS and a maximum lower step length MuS provision is made for a maximum upper step length MoS and a maximum lower step length MuS to be stored in the measuring device.
  • the measuring device applies a step filter to the determined absolute compression characteristic value of a signal sequence.
  • the step filter preferably operates such that the determined absolute compression characteristic of the signal sequence is overwritten with the determined absolute compression characteristic of the previous signal sequence minus the maximum lower step length MuS, if the determined absolute compression characteristic of the signal sequence is smaller than the determined absolute compression characteristic of the previous signal sequence minus the maximum lower stride length MuS.
  • the step filter preferably operates such that the determined absolute compression characteristic of the signal sequence is overwritten with the determined absolute compression characteristic of the preceding signal sequence plus the maximum upper step length MoS if the determined absolute compression characteristic of the signal sequence is greater than the determined absolute compression characteristic of the preceding signal sequence plus maximum upper stride length MoS.
  • this step filter serves to correct signal sequences with conspicuous values for the absolute compression characteristic value and the displayed and / or logged values do not make too large jumps.
  • the determined absolute compression characteristic value is changed by the step length with each signal sequence until it corresponds to the actual compression characteristic value.
  • the calculated absolute compression characteristic value is thus adjusted in a subdued manner.
  • the step length is preferably to be interpreted in such a way to the phase shift of the individual exciters, that the determined value can be adapted at the latest within a movement distance of a bottom plate length to a significantly different absolute compression characteristic.
  • Manipulated variables for optimizing compaction could be, for example, the speed of the soil compacting device, a variable imbalance mass or a variable rotational speed of the imbalance masses.
  • positional control would also allow automated compaction of a particular area.
  • the position information could be done for example by GPS transmitter or by inserted into the ground and an area limiting transmitter.
  • a soil compacting device for compacting substrates and building materials with a vibration exciter is also provided, wherein the vibration exciter displaces a base plate for compacting the substrate or building material into a directed vibration.
  • At least one sensor detects the accelerations of the bottom plate.
  • a measuring device determines a bottom property according to an embodiment of the method described above.
  • the vibration exciter can consist of one or more individual pathogens.
  • individual exciters are, for example, rotating shafts with imbalance masses.
  • inventive soil compaction device is the restriction to only one necessary sensor.
  • the complexity of the device is low and the necessary structural design features easily convertible.
  • the development and manufacturing costs are low.
  • the absolute compression characteristics determined according to the invention furthermore represent a very good approximation which, in particular, is not falsified by numerous approximations in a direct calculation of the absolute compression characteristic value.
  • the inference of the vibration behavior of the base plate on the absolute compression characteristic value requires the creation of a correlation for each machine type, however, complicated calculation methods for the direct determination of the compression characteristic value can be omitted, for which measurement data and thus sensors in all degrees of freedom are necessary.
  • the small number of sensors and the significantly reduced computing power of advantage which makes it possible to use an inexpensive measuring device.
  • the soil compacting device With the soil compacting device according to the invention, a compression increase, weak points and inhomogeneities of the substrates to be compacted or Captured building materials. Furthermore, it is possible to detect deviations from the operating frequency. The operator does not need any special knowledge or skills. He can easily recognize whether a crossing will result in an increase in compression. It also detects weak points and inhomogeneities due to the fact that the absolute compression characteristic value drops. If no increase in compaction is achieved, the operator can end the compaction. In addition, it can also stop it when the required absolute compression characteristic value has been reached. This avoids unnecessary crossings and significantly reduces labor and machine costs.
  • the absolute compaction parameters determined by the measuring device also provide a reliable indication for subsequent conventional test methods. In this way it can be avoided that only through this an insufficient compaction is detected. This reduces the likelihood of recompression and renewed conventional verification. Excessive crossings are avoided and the labor and machine costs are significantly reduced.
  • the following conventional test methods can also be placed in the compaction zone, which was identified as a weak point during compaction.
  • the selected measuring point is representative of the entire surface.
  • the quality of subsequent conventional checks increases. Due to the long-term behavior of sediment-sensitive soils, settlement can not be ruled out entirely, but high-quality compaction by a high-quality control instrument minimizes the expected subsidence. Damage to buildings due to settling, in particular uneven settlement, is avoided in a sustainable way.
  • the device reliably avoids re-compaction work, over-compaction or loosening of already compacted soil.
  • the integrated in the soil compaction device measuring device rather allows almost complete monitoring of the earthworks.
  • the invention thus provides an important tool for quality assurance, which is constructed with only a few means or components and is correspondingly inexpensive to implement and allows a process-integrated nationwide determination of the soil carrying capacity.
  • FIG. 1 shows a soil compaction device 1, which is suitable for a soil compaction of a substrate 6 and with a moving speed v moves. Furthermore, it has a swinging plate 3 by a vibration generator 3 acted upon, on which a sensor 4 is positioned.
  • the vibration generator 3 consists of two individual exciters 7, which are designed as rotating shafts with imbalance masses.
  • the movement speed v is related to the phase shift of these two individual exciters 7.
  • a measuring device 5 is arranged in the soil compacting device 1.
  • the sensor 4 detects the accelerations a of the bottom plate 2 in the vertical direction and transmits them to the measuring device 5. This determines based on the accelerations a of the bottom plate 2 absolute compression characteristics during soil compaction and makes them available.
  • FIG. 2 a diagram of a vertical acceleration signal is shown.
  • the abscissa 50 shows a time in seconds [s] and the ordinate 51 shows an acceleration in meters per second squared [m / s 2 ].
  • Vertical accelerations detected by a sensor are shown in the graph as accelerations a of the bottom plate in a graph.
  • a certain time length T of the accelerations a of the bottom plate forms a signal sequence 40.
  • FIG. 3 Graph shown in a diagram is a path signal s of a bottom plate.
  • abscissa 50 is a time in seconds [s] and on the ordinate 51 a path signal s of the bottom plate in meters [m] shown.
  • a signal sequence 40 of the path signal s results from a certain amplitude number Z of amplitudes A of the path signal s of the bottom plate.
  • the first two amplitudes A have an integration error 42 of the path signal s.
  • Such a path signal s of the bottom plate can be obtained by twice integration of an acceleration signal after the time and subsequent high-pass filtering.
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagram of a path signal s.
  • a path signal s of a bottom plate in meters [m] On the abscissa 50 a time in seconds [s] and on the ordinate 51 a path signal s of a bottom plate in meters [m] is shown.
  • a signal sequence 40 of the path signal s results from a certain amplitude number Z less the amplitude A having an integration error of the path signal s.
  • the path signal s of the bottom plate is enveloped by an upper envelope 43 and a lower envelope 44.
  • the upper envelope 43 is formed so as to connect the maximum positions of each amplitude A with each other.
  • the lower envelope 44 is formed so as to connect the minimum positions of each amplitude A with each other.
  • the maximum points of the harmonics are not taken into account, but only the exciter frequency.
  • An arithmetic mean 45 of the upper envelope curve 43 results from the upper envelope curve 43 and the lower envelope curve 44 results in an arithmetic mean 45 of the lower envelope curve 44.
  • FIG. 5 a correlation 30 according to the invention is shown.
  • a vibration path in meters [m] and on the ordinate 51 a bottom property 20 is shown.
  • the soil property 20 is an absolute compaction index 21 with the unit Meganewton per square meter [MN / m 2 ].
  • a graph shown in the diagram is a correlation curve 31, which results from approximation, in particular by compensation calculation, from a point cloud of test values 22 determined with a soil compacting device. This correlation curve 31 corresponds to a correlation function 34.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Road Paving Machines (AREA)
EP11190403.3A 2010-11-26 2011-11-23 Procédé et dispositif de mesure de paramètres de sol à l'aide de machines de compactage Withdrawn EP2458089A3 (fr)

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DE102010060843A DE102010060843B4 (de) 2010-11-26 2010-11-26 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen von Bodenparametern mittels Verdichtungsmaschinen

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EP2843637A1 (fr) 2013-08-26 2015-03-04 Wacker Neuson Production Americas LLC Système pour commander le fonctionnement à distance de dispositifs de travail du sol
WO2015158358A1 (fr) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-22 Habdank Pv-Montagesysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Procédé et dispositif de surveillance du battage d'un pieu à battre dans un sol
CN106868987A (zh) * 2017-02-13 2017-06-20 蒋昌霞 一种道路建设用土壤平整机器人
EP3219855A1 (fr) * 2016-03-18 2017-09-20 BOMAG GmbH & Co. OHG Procédé de compactage de sol à l'aide d'un compacteur adaptable, compacteur adaptable et excavateur comprenant un compacteur adaptable
CN113668332A (zh) * 2021-07-30 2021-11-19 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 路基压实质量检测装置及方法
EP3954831A1 (fr) * 2020-08-11 2022-02-16 Weber Maschinentechnik GmbH Machine de compactage du sol
AT524860B1 (de) * 2021-03-24 2022-10-15 Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verdichten eines Gleisbettes
CN115374826A (zh) * 2022-08-29 2022-11-22 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 机土直接接触式的填料压实状态判别方法及应用

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DE102016009086A1 (de) 2016-07-26 2018-02-01 Bomag Gmbh Handgeführte Bodenverdichtungsmaschine, insbesondere Vibrationsstampfer oder Vibrationsplatte

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DE202004015141U1 (de) 2004-09-27 2004-12-09 Weber Maschinentechnik Gmbh Bodenverdichter
DE102006008266A1 (de) 2006-02-22 2007-08-30 Wacker Construction Equipment Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen von Bodenparametern mittels Verdichtungsmaschinen

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9650062B2 (en) 2013-08-26 2017-05-16 Wacker Neuson Production Americas Llc System for controlling remote operation of ground working devices
EP2843637A1 (fr) 2013-08-26 2015-03-04 Wacker Neuson Production Americas LLC Système pour commander le fonctionnement à distance de dispositifs de travail du sol
EP2843637B1 (fr) 2013-08-26 2016-06-08 Wacker Neuson Production Americas LLC Système pour commander le fonctionnement à distance de dispositifs de travail du sol
US9951492B2 (en) 2014-04-14 2018-04-24 Habdank Pv-Montagesysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and device for monitoring the ramming of a ram post into the ground
WO2015158358A1 (fr) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-22 Habdank Pv-Montagesysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Procédé et dispositif de surveillance du battage d'un pieu à battre dans un sol
EP3219855A1 (fr) * 2016-03-18 2017-09-20 BOMAG GmbH & Co. OHG Procédé de compactage de sol à l'aide d'un compacteur adaptable, compacteur adaptable et excavateur comprenant un compacteur adaptable
DE102016003387B4 (de) 2016-03-18 2023-07-27 Bomag Gmbh Verfahren zur Bodenverdichtung mit einem Anbauverdichter, Anbauverdichter sowie Bagger mit einem Anbauverdichter
CN106868987A (zh) * 2017-02-13 2017-06-20 蒋昌霞 一种道路建设用土壤平整机器人
CN106868987B (zh) * 2017-02-13 2019-01-22 徐州翔凯重工科技有限公司 一种道路建设用土壤平整机器人
EP3954831A1 (fr) * 2020-08-11 2022-02-16 Weber Maschinentechnik GmbH Machine de compactage du sol
AT524860B1 (de) * 2021-03-24 2022-10-15 Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verdichten eines Gleisbettes
AT524860A4 (de) * 2021-03-24 2022-10-15 Plasser & Theurer Export Von Bahnbaumaschinen Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verdichten eines Gleisbettes
CN113668332A (zh) * 2021-07-30 2021-11-19 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 路基压实质量检测装置及方法
CN115374826A (zh) * 2022-08-29 2022-11-22 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 机土直接接触式的填料压实状态判别方法及应用

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DE102010060843B4 (de) 2013-12-05
DE102010060843A1 (de) 2012-05-31

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