EP2457240A1 - Method for reducing the noise emission of a transformer - Google Patents

Method for reducing the noise emission of a transformer

Info

Publication number
EP2457240A1
EP2457240A1 EP09781032A EP09781032A EP2457240A1 EP 2457240 A1 EP2457240 A1 EP 2457240A1 EP 09781032 A EP09781032 A EP 09781032A EP 09781032 A EP09781032 A EP 09781032A EP 2457240 A1 EP2457240 A1 EP 2457240A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vibration
areas
mode
transformer
boiler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09781032A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2457240B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Dantele
Johannes Korak
Thomas Rittenschober
Helmut Wernick
Alexander Hackl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens Transformers Austria GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Transformers Austria GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Transformers Austria GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2457240A1 publication Critical patent/EP2457240A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2457240B1 publication Critical patent/EP2457240B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/33—Arrangements for noise damping
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the reduction of
  • Transformer boiler is filled with a liquid and the boiler wall performs vibrations in case of operation.
  • Transformer is installed, for example, near a residential area.
  • a vibration is introduced on the outside of the wall of the transformer tank
  • a boiler wall can be used as a plate with a fixed edge. The occurring there
  • a particularly favorable embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a piezoelectric element is used as the vibration-applying device.
  • this piezoelectric element is that it can be used both as an actuator and as a transmitter. According to the invention it is provided that the piezoelectric element or another transmitter one of
  • Oscillation of the boiler wall provides proportional measurement signal and this is passed back to the control device.
  • the control device analyzes this measurement signal and determines therefrom amplitude and phase for a control signal with which the piezoactuator is driven to cancel out the oscillation. In this way, an adaptation of the vibration damping to changing operating conditions is possible. This keeps the effect of noise reduction over a long time
  • FIG. 2 shows a representation of simulation images which the
  • Figure 4 is an illustration of simulation images, which
  • FIG. 1 a shows a spatial representation of a transformer tank. As already mentioned, the boiler wall of the transformer is operated by the
  • Excitation frequency usual way at 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
  • FIG. 1e shows the mode spectrum.
  • the person skilled in the art knows devices and methods with which a mode spectrum can be created. For example, with a pulse hammer a container wall can be excited to vibrate and the vibrations of the boiler wall
  • Force transducers are measured. These measurement signals can be fed to a computer system, which performs a modal analysis and numerically determines the dynamic behavior of the boiler wall. As already explained above, a form of oscillation from interference combines its natural modes of vibration and can thus be decomposed into its modes. This can
  • FIG. 1 shows an analysis of a 100 Hz boiler vibration as a result of a simulation on a computer system.
  • Composition of the boiler vibration also illustrates the diagram of Figure 1 e; it shows the proportion of the amplitude of the modes in the boiler vibration as a function of frequency.
  • the vertical dotted line marks the
  • FIG. 2 shows the waveform 30 in the upper simulation image; the two underlying simulation images 40 and 50, the 2-3 mode ( Figure 2b) and the 1-5 mode ( Figure 2c).
  • the amplitude is again drawn as a function of the frequency.
  • the aim is to achieve as large an effect as possible with as few actuators as possible
  • Boiler vibration per mode requires the attachment of at least one actuator. In order to find out on the boiler surface those areas which are particularly suitable for a damping of the oscillation, oscillation patterns become
  • FIG. 3 shows a 2-3 mode in the oscillation pattern 40.
  • the 1-5 mode 50 which can be particularly well stimulated in the areas 501.
  • the white areas in the two pictures 40, 50 indicate Areas in which the respective fashion can only be stimulated poorly.
  • the surfaces of the 2-3-mode shown in gray are hatched
  • FIG. 3a shows sickle-shaped and teardrop-shaped residual surfaces in which an actuator can be arranged, through which
  • Figure 4 shows a representation of simulation images in the case of an excitation frequency of 100 Hz (fi) and the first harmonic at 200 Hz (f 2 ).
  • the boiler vibration at 200 Hz is composed of a 1-7 mode (oscillation image 41) and a 2-6 mode (oscillation image 51).
  • Eigenform 40 and 51 combined and subtracted the gray areas of Eigenform 50.
  • the areas 401 identify those areas in which the eigenvagant 40 and 51 can be damped separately, ideally by means of an actuator.
  • Eigenform 50 and 41 combined and subtracted the gray areas of Eigenform 51.
  • the gray hatched areas 501 identify those areas in which the eigenvagant 50 and 41, in the ideal case by means of an actuator, can be damped separately.
  • an actuator By controlling an actuator with a frequency mix of 100 Hz and 200 Hz, it can be used both to reduce the 100 Hz component and to reduce the 200 Hz component. This allows you to dampen two frequencies and four modes with two actuators. In other words, in order to reduce the number of actuators, one does not consider each stimulating frequency 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 300 Hz, 400 Hz, etc. on their own, but overlays and determines all considered eigenmodes of all frequencies
  • the boiler is energized at the frequency of 100 Hz, the amplitude and phase vary depending on the operating condition and operating time, the contribution of the natural vibration modes that make up the boiler vibration. Over the entire operating period an effective suppression of the To achieve sound radiation, that must be
  • Noise suppression system to be adapted to the actual state. This is achieved by the piezo elements are temporarily used as a vibration absorber, at times as a transducer for receiving a vibration. In this measuring phase, the measurement signal generated by the piezoelectric element is fed back into the control unit. The control unit converts the measured signal magnitude and phase into the measured value
  • Vibration damper is used, this information for the control of the piezoelectric element, possibly also other

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for reducing the noise emission of a transformer, the transformer tank of which is filled with liquid and the tank wall of which vibrates during operation, characterized by the sequence of the following method steps: a.) detecting natural frequency values of the tank wall for at least one excitation frequency; b.) determining at least one eigenmode for which the vibration of the tank wall is composed at an excitation frequency, from the natural frequency values, wherein areas of large curvature are determined on the tank wall; c.) arranging at least one vibration loading device in at least one of said areas; d.) controlling the at least one vibration loading device by means of a control device in order to counteract the vibration of the tank wall.

Description

Beschreibung description
Verfahren zur Reduktion der Geräuschemission eines Method for reducing the noise emission of a
Transformators  transformer
Technisches Gebiet Technical area
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Reduktion der The invention relates to a method for the reduction of
Geräuschemission eines Transformators, dessen Noise emission of a transformer whose
Transformatorkessel mit einer Flüssigkeit gefüllt ist und die Kesselwand im Betriebsfall Vibrationen ausführt.  Transformer boiler is filled with a liquid and the boiler wall performs vibrations in case of operation.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Bei Betrieb eines Transformators führt die durch When operating a transformer that performs
Magnetostriktion bedingte Formänderung des weichmagnetischen Kern und/oder auf die Wicklungen wirkenden elektrodynamischen Kräfte zu Druckwellen in der Kühlflüssigkeit des Magnetostriction induced change in shape of the soft magnetic core and / or acting on the windings electrodynamic forces to pressure waves in the cooling liquid of
Transformators, welche die Wand des Transformatorkessels zu Schwingungen anregen. Diese Kesselvibrationen haben eine im Hörbereich liegende Schallabstrahlung zufolge, die  Transformers, which stimulate the wall of the transformer tank to vibrate. These boiler vibrations have a lying in the auditory range sound radiation, the
insbesondere dann als störend empfunden wird, wenn der especially when bothersome, if the
Transformator beispielsweise in der Nähe eines Wohngebietes installiert wird. Transformer is installed, for example, near a residential area.
Um Betriebsgeräusche eines Transformators zu reduzieren sind verschiedene aktiv wirkende Einrichtungen bekannt. Aus der DE 699 Ol 596 T2 ist beispielsweise ein geräuscharmer In order to reduce operating noise of a transformer, various active devices are known. From DE 699 Ol 596 T2, for example, is a low-noise
Transformator bekannt, bei dem im Transformatorkessel eine Schwingungszelle angeordnet ist, welche eine zu den  Transformer known, in which a vibration cell is arranged in the transformer tank, which one to the
Druckwellen gegenphasige Schwingung erzeugt und dadurch die Vibrationen der Kesselwand abschwächt. Ein ähnliches Verfahren wird in der US 5,394,376 vorgeschlagen, wo Generates pressure waves antiphase vibration and thereby attenuates the vibrations of the boiler wall. A similar Method is proposed in US 5,394,376, where
ebenfalls eine Flüssigkeits-Verdrängungseinrichtung also a liquid displacement device
Druckwellen im Inneren Transformatorkessel entgegenwirkt. Diesen bekannten Einrichtungen ist aber gemeinsam, dass eine Verbindung zwischen einem Aktuator und der Flüssigkeit im Inneren des Kessels erforderlich ist. Außerdem nimmt der Aktuator eine beträchtliche Menge Energie auf. Pressure waves inside the transformer tank counteracts. However, these known devices have in common that a connection between an actuator and the liquid inside the boiler is required. In addition, the actuator consumes a considerable amount of energy.
Darstellungen der Erfindung Illustrations of the invention
Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren anzugeben, das auf möglichst einfache und zuverlässige Weise die Geräuschemission eines Transformators wirkungsvoll verringert und dabei möglichst wenig Energie verbraucht. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method which effectively reduces the noise emission of a transformer in the simplest and most reliable way, while consuming as little energy as possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen definiert. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are defined in the subclaims.
Gemäß einem Grundgedanken der Erfindung, wird außen an der Wand des Transformatorkessels eine zur Vibration in According to a basic idea of the invention, a vibration is introduced on the outside of the wall of the transformer tank
Gegenphase wirkende Schwingungs-BeaufSchlagungseinrichtung so angeordnet, dass sie möglichst nahe Bereichen maximaler Antiphase acting Schwingungs Beaufschlagungseinrichtung arranged so that they maximum possible areas of maximum
Krümmung bzw. maximaler transversaler Auslenkung einer Curvature or maximum transverse deflection of a
Eigenform der Kesselwand liegt. Dadurch ist eine effiziente Einwirkung auf die störende Vibration der Kesselwand möglich. Eine Eigenform, oder auch Mode genannt, beschreibt das Eigenform the boiler wall is located. As a result, an efficient action on the disturbing vibration of the boiler wall is possible. An eigenform, or also called mode, describes this
Aussehen einer Schwingungsform bei einer Eigenfrequenz. Bei jeder Eigenfrequenz gibt es eine bestimmte geometrische Form der Kesselwandschwingung, das heißt einen bestimmten Mode. In einer ersten Näherung lässt sich eine Kesselwand als Platte mit fixiertem Rand betrachten. Die dort auftretenden Appearance of a waveform at a natural frequency. At each natural frequency, there is a certain geometric shape of the boiler wall vibration, that is, a particular mode. In a first approximation, a boiler wall can be used as a plate with a fixed edge. The occurring there
Plattenmoden werden mit einer Ordnungszahl (m-n) benannt. Wenn die Schwingungs-BeaufSchlagungseinrichtung, im Folgenden auch kurz Aktuator genannt, in einem Bereich großer Plate modes are named with an ordinal number (m-n). When the vibratory impingement device, hereinafter also referred to as actuator for short, is in a range large
Auslenkung der Eigenform platziert wird, ist vergleichsweise wenig Energie für die Schwingungstilgung erforderlich. Displacement of the eigenform is placed, comparatively little energy is required for the vibration damping.
Eine besonders günstige Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Schwingungs- Beaufschlagungseinrichtung ein Piezoelement verwendet wird.A particularly favorable embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a piezoelectric element is used as the vibration-applying device.
Ein besonderer Vorteil dieses Piezoelements liegt darin, dass es sowohl als Aktuator - als auch als Messumformer verwendet werden kann. Gemäß der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Piezoelement oder ein anderer Messumformer ein der A particular advantage of this piezoelectric element is that it can be used both as an actuator and as a transmitter. According to the invention it is provided that the piezoelectric element or another transmitter one of
Schwingung der Kesselwand proportionales Messsignal liefert und dieses zurück an die Steuereinrichtung geleitet wird. Die Steuereinrichtung analysiert dieses Messsignal und ermittelt daraus Amplitude und Phase für ein Steuersignal, mit dem der Piezoaktuator zur Tilgung der Schwingung angesteuert wird. Auf diese Weise ist eine Adaption der Schwingungsdämpfung an sich ändernde Betriebszustände möglich. Dadurch bleibt die Wirkung der Geräuschminderung über einen langen Oscillation of the boiler wall provides proportional measurement signal and this is passed back to the control device. The control device analyzes this measurement signal and determines therefrom amplitude and phase for a control signal with which the piezoactuator is driven to cancel out the oscillation. In this way, an adaptation of the vibration damping to changing operating conditions is possible. This keeps the effect of noise reduction over a long time
Betriebszeitraum erhalten. Operating period received.
Kurzbeschreibung der Zeichnungen Brief description of the drawings
Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird im nachfolgenden Teil der Beschreibung auf die Zeichnungen Bezug genommen in denen weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen, Einzelheiten und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung zu entnehmen sind. To further explain the invention, reference is made in the following part of the description to the drawings in which further advantageous embodiments, details and further developments of the invention can be found.
Es zeigt: Figur 1 Kesselschwingung bei einer Anregung von 100 Hz und deren Zerlegung in Eigenformen; It shows: Figure 1 boiler vibration at an excitation of 100 Hz and their decomposition in eigen forms;
Figur 2 eine Darstellung von Simulationsbildern, welche die FIG. 2 shows a representation of simulation images which the
Zerlegung einer Plattenschwingung in ihre Disassembly of a plate vibration in her
Eigenformen zeigen; Show eigenmodes;
Figur 3 eine Darstellung von Simulationsbildern, welche 3 shows a representation of simulation images, which
eine Überlagerung eines 2-3-Modes mit einem 1-5- Mode zeigen;  show an overlay of a 2-3 mode with a 1-5 mode;
Figur 4 eine Darstellung von Simulationsbildern, welche Figure 4 is an illustration of simulation images, which
eine Überlagerung eines 2-3-Modes mit einem 2-6- Mode und eine Überlagerung eines 1-5-Modes mit einem 1-7-Mode zeigen.  show a superposition of a 2-3 mode with a 2-6 mode and a superposition of a 1-5 mode with a 1-7 mode.
Ausführung der Erfindung Embodiment of the invention
Die Figur Ia zeigt in einer räumlichen Darstellung einen Transformatorkessel. Wie bereits eingangs dargestellt, wird die Kesselwand des Transformators bei Betrieb durch den FIG. 1 a shows a spatial representation of a transformer tank. As already mentioned, the boiler wall of the transformer is operated by the
Trafokern und/oder die Trafowicklung zu Schwingungen Transformer core and / or the transformer winding to vibrations
angeregt. Insbesondere bei einem Transformator großer stimulated. Especially with a large transformer
Leistung ist diese Geräuschabstrahlung störend. Bei einem Verteil- oder Leistungstransformator liegt die Performance is disturbing this noise emission. In a distribution or power transformer is the
Anregungsfrequenz üblicher Weise bei 50 Hz beziehungsweise 60 Hz.  Excitation frequency usual way at 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
In Figur Ib ist die sich auf der Wand des In figure Ib is on the wall of the
Transformatorkessels ausbildende Schwingungsform dargestellt. Eine solche bildliche Darstellung einer Kesselschwingungsform kann durch eine Analyse der Schwingung bei Betrieb experimentell gewonnen werden. In Figur Ib, Figur Ic und Figur Id ist jeweils die Schnelle der Kesseloberfläche gezeichnet. D.h. die Wechselgeschwindigkeit der Wand um ihre Ruhelage. Aus der Darstellung lassen sich die Gebiete mit maximaler Auslenkung (Bauch) und die Gebiete mit der Transformer boiler forming waveform shown. Such a pictorial representation of a boiler vibration form can be obtained experimentally by analyzing the vibration during operation. In Figure Ib, Figure Ic and Id, the speed of the boiler surface is drawn in each case. That is, the speed of change of the wall around its rest position. From the representation, the areas with maximum deflection (belly) and the areas with the
minimalen Auslenkung (Konten) entnehmen. take minimum deflection (accounts).
In Figur Ie ist das Modenspektrum dargestellt. Dem Fachmann sind hierzu Einrichtungen und Verfahren bekannt, mit denen ein Modenspektrum erstellt werden kann. Beispielsweise kann mit einem Impulshammer eine Behälterwand zu Schwingungen angeregt werden und die Schwingungen der Kesselwand  FIG. 1e shows the mode spectrum. For this purpose, the person skilled in the art knows devices and methods with which a mode spectrum can be created. For example, with a pulse hammer a container wall can be excited to vibrate and the vibrations of the boiler wall
beispielsweise mit auf der Kesselwandfläche verteilten For example, with distributed on the boiler wall surface
Beschleunigungssensoren oder piezoelektrischen Acceleration sensors or piezoelectric
Kraftaufnehmern gemessen werden. Diese Messesignale können einer Rechenanlage zugeführt werden, die eine Modalanalyse durchführt und daraus das dynamische Verhalten der Kesselwand numerisch ermittelt. Wie bereits oben dargestellt, setzt sich eine Schwingungsform aus der Interferenz ihre Eigenschwingungsformen zusammen und kann somit in ihre Moden zerlegt werden. Dies kann Force transducers are measured. These measurement signals can be fed to a computer system, which performs a modal analysis and numerically determines the dynamic behavior of the boiler wall. As already explained above, a form of oscillation from interference combines its natural modes of vibration and can thus be decomposed into its modes. This can
beispielsweise durch eine Simulation erfolgen. Die Figur 1 zeigt als Ergebnis einer Simulation auf einer Rechenanlage eine Analyse einer 100 Hz Kesselvibration. In den for example, done by a simulation. FIG. 1 shows an analysis of a 100 Hz boiler vibration as a result of a simulation on a computer system. In the
Simulationsbildern Figur 1 c und Figur 1 d sind die  Simulation images Figure 1 c and Figure 1 d are the
Eigenformen dargestellt. Wie aus Figur 1 c und 1 d zu sehen ist, ist die Kesselvibration im Wesentlichen aus zwei Eigenmodes shown. As can be seen from Figure 1 c and 1 d, the boiler vibration is essentially two
Eigenschwingungsformen zusammen gesetzt: einem 2-3-Mode Eigenschwingungsformen put together: a 2-3-Mode
(siehe Figur 2b) und einem 1-5-Mode (siehe Figur 2c) . Diese(see Figure 2b) and a 1-5 mode (see Figure 2c). These
Zusammensetzung der Kesselschwingung veranschaulicht auch das Diagramm der Figur 1 e; es zeigt den Anteil der Amplitude der Moden an der Kesselvibration in Abhängigkeit der Frequenz. Die vertikale punktierte Linie kennzeichnet die Composition of the boiler vibration also illustrates the diagram of Figure 1 e; it shows the proportion of the amplitude of the modes in the boiler vibration as a function of frequency. The vertical dotted line marks the
Anregungsfrequenz 100 Hz. Der Peak links davon zeigt den stärker ausgeprägten Extremwert des 2-3-Modes bei seiner zugehörigen Eigenfrequenz von 99 Hz. Der Peak rechts davon zeigt den Extremwert des 1-5-Modes bei seiner Excitation frequency 100 Hz. The peak to the left shows the more pronounced extreme value of the 2-3 mode at its associated natural frequency of 99 Hz. The peak to the right shows the extreme value of the 1-5 mode at its
zugehörigenEigenfrequenz von 101 Hz. associated natural frequency of 101 Hz.
Figur 2 zeigt im oberen Simulationsbild die Schwingungsform 30; die beiden darunter liegenden Simulationsbilder 40 und 50 den 2-3-Mode (Figur 2b) beziehungsweise den 1-5-Mode (Figur 2c) . Im Diagramm 60 in der Mitte der Figur 2 ist wieder die Amplitude in Abhängigkeit der Frequenz gezeichnet. FIG. 2 shows the waveform 30 in the upper simulation image; the two underlying simulation images 40 and 50, the 2-3 mode (Figure 2b) and the 1-5 mode (Figure 2c). In the diagram 60 in the middle of FIG. 2, the amplitude is again drawn as a function of the frequency.
Bei der Geräuschreduktion ist man bestrebt, mit möglichst wenig Aktuatoren eine möglichst große Wirkung der In the noise reduction, the aim is to achieve as large an effect as possible with as few actuators as possible
Geräuschminderung zu erzielen. Für die Verringerung der  To achieve noise reduction. For the reduction of
Kesselvibration ist pro Mode die Anbringung zumindest eines Aktuators erforderlich. Um nun auf der Kesselfläche jene Bereiche herauszufinden, die für eine Tilgung der Schwingung besonders geeignet sind, werden Schwingungsbilder Boiler vibration per mode requires the attachment of at least one actuator. In order to find out on the boiler surface those areas which are particularly suitable for a damping of the oscillation, oscillation patterns become
übereinander gelegt. Dabei muss sicher gestellt werden, dass der eine Mode gedämpft, der andere aber nicht unbeabsichtigt angeregt wird. Um diese Bereiche auf der Kesselfläche superimposed. It must be ensured that the one mode is damped, the other is not inadvertently stimulated. To these areas on the boiler surface
herauszufinden, wird erfindungsgemäß eine Subtraktion der Moden-Bilder durchgeführt, was im Folgenden näher erläutert ist : In accordance with the invention, a subtraction of the mode images is carried out, which is explained in more detail below:
Die Figur 3 zeigt im Schwingungsbild 40 einen 2-3-Mode.  FIG. 3 shows a 2-3 mode in the oscillation pattern 40.
Gebiete, in denen sich dieser 2-3 Mode besonders gut Areas where this 2-3 fashion is especially good
anregenund somit dämpfen lässt, sind mit dem Bezugszeichen 401 gekennzeichnet und zeichnerisch grau schraffiert stimulate and thus dampen, are indicated by the reference numeral 401 and graphically hatched in gray
dargestellt. Rechts daneben ist der 1-5-Mode 50 dargestellt, der sich in den Bereichen 501 besonders gut anregen lässt. Die weißen Bereiche in den beiden Bildern 40, 50 kennzeichnen Gebiete, in denen sich der jeweilige Mode nur schlecht anregen lässt. Um nun mit möglichst wenigen Aktuatoren eine effiziente Reduktion der Geräusche herbeizuführen, werden von den grau schraffiert dargestellten Flächen des 2-3-Mode shown. To the right is the 1-5 mode 50, which can be particularly well stimulated in the areas 501. The white areas in the two pictures 40, 50 indicate Areas in which the respective fashion can only be stimulated poorly. In order to bring about an efficient reduction of the noise with as few actuators as possible, the surfaces of the 2-3-mode shown in gray are hatched
(Figur 3a) die grau schraffiert gezeichneten Flächen des 1-5- Mode (Figur 3b) subtrahiert. Das Ergebnis ist in Figur 3c (Bild 100) dargestellt. Die Differenzflächen 101 stellen Gebiete auf der Kesselwand dar, welche besonders günstig sind, um einen der beiden Moden wirkungsvoll zu dämpfen, ohne dass der andere Mode unbeabsichtigter Weise angeregt wird. Figur 3c zeigt sichel- und tropfenförmigen Restflächen, in denen ein Aktuator angeordnet werden kann, der durch (Figure 3a) subtracted the gray hatched areas of the 1-5 mode (Figure 3b). The result is shown in Figure 3c (Figure 100). The differential surfaces 101 represent areas on the boiler wall which are particularly favorable to effectively damp one of the two modes without inadvertently exciting the other mode. FIG. 3c shows sickle-shaped and teardrop-shaped residual surfaces in which an actuator can be arranged, through which
gegenphasige Schwingungseinleitung wirkungsvoll den 2-3-Mode dämpft, ohne den 1-5-Mode zu verstärken. Subtrahiert man hingegen die grauen Flächen 401 von den grauen Flächen 501, - siehe Figur 3d Bild 200 -, so erhält man jene Gebiete 201, in denen sich der Mode 1-5 gut anregen lässt, der Mode 2-3 hingegen schlecht. Auf diese Weise hat man auf der Kesselwand jene Bereiche ermittelt, in denen sich Vibrationen besonders effizient bedampfen lassen. antiphase oscillation effectively attenuates the 2-3 mode without amplifying the 1-5 mode. If, on the other hand, one subtracts the gray areas 401 from the gray areas 501, - see FIG. 3d, image 200 - one obtains those areas 201 in which the mode 1-5 can be excited well, whereas the mode 2-3 is poor. In this way, those areas have been identified on the boiler wall in which vibrations can be vaporized particularly efficiently.
Grundsätzlich ist man bestrebt, mit möglichst wenig Basically one strives, with as little as possible
Aktuatoren möglichst viele Frequenzen und Moden zu bedampfen. Störend sind jedoch nicht nur die Grundanregung, sondern auch die höheren Harmonischen der Grundanregung. Actuators to steam as many frequencies and modes. Not only the basic excitation, but also the higher harmonics of the basic excitation are disturbing.
Figur 4 zeigt eine Darstellung von Simulationsbildern für den Fall einer Anregungsfrequenz von 100 Hz (fi) und der ersten Oberschwingung bei 200 Hz (f2) . Die Kesselschwingung bei 200 Hz ist aus einem 1-7-Mode (Schwingungsbild 41) und einem 2-6- Mode (Schwingungsbild 51) zusammengesetzt. Im Überlagerungsbild 400 wurden die grauen Bereiche der Figure 4 shows a representation of simulation images in the case of an excitation frequency of 100 Hz (fi) and the first harmonic at 200 Hz (f 2 ). The boiler vibration at 200 Hz is composed of a 1-7 mode (oscillation image 41) and a 2-6 mode (oscillation image 51). In the overlay image 400, the gray areas of the
Eigenform 40 und 51 vereinigt und die grauen Bereiche der Eigenform 50 abgezogen. Die Flächen 401 kennzeichnen jene Bereiche in denen sich die Eigenform 40 und 51, im Idealfall mittels eines Aktuators, getrennt dämpfen lassen. Eigenform 40 and 51 combined and subtracted the gray areas of Eigenform 50. The areas 401 identify those areas in which the eigenvagant 40 and 51 can be damped separately, ideally by means of an actuator.
Im Überlagerungsbild 500 wurden die grauen Bereiche der In the overlay image 500, the gray areas of the
Eigenform 50 und 41 vereinigt und die grauen Bereiche der Eigenform 51 abgezogen. Die grau schraffierten Flächen 501 kennzeichnen jene Bereiche in denen die Eigenform 50 und 41, im Idealfall mittels eines Aktuators, getrennt dämpfen lassen . Indem ein Aktuator mit einem Frequenzgemisch aus 100 Hz und 200 Hz angesteuert wird, kann er sowohl zur Minderung des 100 Hz Anteils als auch zur Minderung des 200 Hz Anteils verwendet werden. Dadurch kann man mit zwei Aktuatoren zwei Frequenzen und vier Moden dämpfen. Mit anderen Worten, um die Anzahl der Aktuatoren zu reduzieren, betrachtet man nicht jede anregende Frequenz 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 300 Hz, 400 Hz usw. für sich alleine, sondern legt alle betrachteten Eigenformen aller Frequenzen übereinander und ermittelt durch Eigenform 50 and 41 combined and subtracted the gray areas of Eigenform 51. The gray hatched areas 501 identify those areas in which the eigenvagant 50 and 41, in the ideal case by means of an actuator, can be damped separately. By controlling an actuator with a frequency mix of 100 Hz and 200 Hz, it can be used both to reduce the 100 Hz component and to reduce the 200 Hz component. This allows you to dampen two frequencies and four modes with two actuators. In other words, in order to reduce the number of actuators, one does not consider each stimulating frequency 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 300 Hz, 400 Hz, etc. on their own, but overlays and determines all considered eigenmodes of all frequencies
Überlagerung jene Gebiete, die der oben dargestellten Overlay those areas that the one shown above
Optimierungsstrategie entsprechen. Dabei wird die Anzahl der Aktuatoren schrittweise erhöht, bis alle Eigenformen getrennt ausregelbar sind. Match optimization strategy. In this case, the number of actuators is increased stepwise until all modes are separately ausregelbar.
Obwohl der Kessel mit der Frequenz von 100 Hz angeregt wird, schwankt in Amplitude und Phase je nach Betriebszustand und Betriebszeit der Beitrag der Eigenschwingungsformen, aus denen sich die Kesselschwingung zusammen setzt. Um über die gesamte Betriebsdauer eine wirkungsvolle Unterdrückung der Schallabstrahlung zu erreichen, muss das Although the boiler is energized at the frequency of 100 Hz, the amplitude and phase vary depending on the operating condition and operating time, the contribution of the natural vibration modes that make up the boiler vibration. Over the entire operating period an effective suppression of the To achieve sound radiation, that must be
Geräuschunterdrückungssystem an den Ist-Zustand angepasst werden. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, indem die Piezoelemente zeitweise als Schwingungstilger, zeitweise als Messumformer zur Aufnahme einer Schwingung verwendet werden. In dieser Messephase wird das vom Piezoelement erzeugte Messsignal zurück in die Steuereinheit geführt. In der Steuereinheit wird aus dem Messsignal Betrag und Phase der gemessenen  Noise suppression system to be adapted to the actual state. This is achieved by the piezo elements are temporarily used as a vibration absorber, at times as a transducer for receiving a vibration. In this measuring phase, the measurement signal generated by the piezoelectric element is fed back into the control unit. The control unit converts the measured signal magnitude and phase into the measured value
Schwingung ermittelt. Die Kesselvibration wird in ihre Determined oscillation. The boiler vibration is in her
Eigenformen zerlegt. Wenn das Piezoelement wieder als Eigenformen decomposed. If the piezo element again as
Schwingungstilger verwendet wird, wird diese Information für die Ansteuerung des Piezoelements, ggf. auch anderer  Vibration damper is used, this information for the control of the piezoelectric element, possibly also other
Aktuatoren verwendet. Dabei ist jedem Aktuator ein eigener Regelkreis zugeordnet. Auf diese Weise wird die Unterdrückung der Schallabstrahlung angepasst. Jeder Aktuator wird dadurch auf die in seinem Wirkungsbereich liegenden zeitlichen Actuators used. Each actuator is assigned its own control loop. In this way, the suppression of sound radiation is adjusted. Each actuator is thereby on the temporal within its sphere of action
Änderungen der Kesselschwingung angepasst. Damit bleibt die Wirkung der Geräuschereduzierung insgesamt über einen langen Betriebszeitraum erhalten. Changes to the boiler vibration adjusted. Thus, the overall effect of noise reduction over a long period of operation is maintained.
Zusammenstellung der verwendeten Bezugszeichen Compilation of the reference numbers used
1 Transformatorkessel 1 transformer tank
2 Schwingungsform 2 waveform
3 Mode 2-3  3 fashion 2-3
4 Mode 1-5  4 fashion 1-5
5 Modenspektrum 30 Simulationsbild, Schwingungsform  5 Mode Spectrum 30 Simulation Image, Vibration Form
40 Simulationsbild Mode 2-3  40 simulation image mode 2-3
41 Simulationsbild Mode 1-7  41 Simulation screen Mode 1-7
50 Simulationsbild Mode 1-5 50 Simulation screen Mode 1-5
51 Simulationsbild Mode 2-6 51 Simulation screen Mode 2-6
60 Diagramm 60 diagram
100 Differenzbild (40 ohne 50) 100 difference image (40 without 50)
101 Bereiche günstiger Anregung des 2-3-Mode 101 areas favorable suggestion of 2-3-mode
200 Differenzbild (50 ohne 40) 200 difference image (50 without 40)
201 Bereiche günstiger Anregung des 1-5-Mode 400 Differenzbild ( (40 vereinigt mit 51) ohne 50 ) 500 Differenzbild ( (50 vereinigt mit 41) ohne 51 )  201 ranges favorable excitation of 1-5 mode 400 difference image ((40 combined with 51) without 50) 500 difference image ((50 united with 41) without 51)
401 Bereiche günstiger Anregung des 2-3-Mode bei fi und 2-6-Mode bei f.2 401 ranges of favorable excitation of the 2-3-mode in fi and 2-6-mode at f.2
501 Bereiche günstiger Anregung des 1-5-Mode bei fi und 1-7-Mode bei t2 501 areas of favorable excitation of the 1-5-mode in fi and 1-7-mode at t 2

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Reduktion der Geräuschemission eines 1. A method for reducing the noise emission of a
Transformators, dessen Transformatorkessel mit einer Flüssigkeit gefüllt ist und die Kesselwand im  Transformer whose transformer tank is filled with a liquid and the boiler wall in
Betriebsfall eine Vibration ausführt, gekennzeichnet durch die Reihenfolge folgender Verfahrensschritte:  Operating case carries out a vibration, characterized by the sequence of the following process steps:
a.) Erfassen von Eigenschwingungsgrößen der a.) Acquisition of natural vibration quantities of
Kesselwand bei zumindest einer Boiler wall at least one
Anregungsfrequenz;  Excitation frequency;
b.) Ermitteln von zumindest einer Eigenform, aus der sich die Vibration der Kesselwand bei einer Anregungsfrequenz zusammensetzt, aus den  b.) determining at least one eigenform, from which the vibration of the boiler wall is composed at an excitation frequency, from the
Eigenschwingungsgrößen, wobei auf der Kesselwand jeweils Bereiche großer Krümmung ermittelt werden;  Eigenschwingungsgrößen, wherein on the boiler wall each areas of large curvature are determined;
c.) Anordnen von zumindest einer Schwingungs- c.) arranging at least one vibration
BeaufSchlagungseinrichtung in zumindest einem dieser Bereiche; Beaufschlagungseinrichtung in at least one of these areas;
d.) Ansteuern der zumindest einen Schwingungs- d.) driving the at least one vibration
BeaufSchlagungseinrichtung mittels einer Beaufschlagungseinrichtung by means of a
Steuereinrichtung, um der Vibration der  Control device to the vibration of
Kesselwand entgegen zu wirken.  Kesselwand counteract.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Bereich großer Krümmung durch Überlagerung von zumindest zwei Eigenformen ermittelt wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a region of great curvature is determined by superposition of at least two eigenmodes.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Überlagerung eine Subtraktion der zumindest zwei Eigenformen durchgeführt wird. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that in the superposition a subtraction of the at least two eigenmodes is performed.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ansteuern so erfolgt, dass jeder Eigenform getrennt entgegen gewirkt wird. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the driving takes place so that each eigenform is counteracted separately.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für das Bedampfen mehrerer Eigenformen bei 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that for the vapor deposition of several eigenmodes at
unterschiedlichen Anregungsfrequenzen das Ansteuern mittels eines Steuersignals erfolgt, das aus einem Frequenzgemisch zusammengesetzt ist.  different excitation frequencies, the driving takes place by means of a control signal, which is composed of a frequency mixture.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schwingungs- BeaufSchlagungseinrichtung durch eine Piezoelement gebildet wird.  characterized in that the vibration BeaufSchlagungseinrichtung is formed by a piezoelectric element.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Messumformer verwendet wird, der die Schwingungen der Kesselwand in ein Messsignal umsetzt, das der 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that a transmitter is used, which converts the vibrations of the boiler wall in a measurement signal, the
Steuereinrichtung zugeführt wird.  Control device is supplied.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinrichtung aus dem zugeführten Messsignal Betrag und Phase einer Eigenform ermittelt und daraus eine Stellgröße für den Piezoaktuator berechnet, und diese Stellgröße in einem dem Messintervall folgenden Zeitintervall für die Ansteuerung des Piezoelements verwendet wird. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the control device determines from the supplied measurement signal magnitude and phase of a mode shape and calculates a manipulated variable for the piezoelectric actuator, and this manipulated variable is used in a measuring interval following the time interval for the control of the piezoelectric element.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zumindest eine Piezoelement auf der Kesselwand mittels Klebstoff befestigt wird. 9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the at least one piezo element is fixed on the vessel wall by means of adhesive.
EP09781032.9A 2009-07-24 2009-07-24 Method for reducing the noise emission of a transformer Not-in-force EP2457240B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2009/059557 WO2011009491A1 (en) 2009-07-24 2009-07-24 Method for reducing the noise emission of a transformer

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EP2457240A1 true EP2457240A1 (en) 2012-05-30
EP2457240B1 EP2457240B1 (en) 2018-01-03

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CN105632690B (en) * 2014-11-06 2018-10-23 国家电网公司 A kind of power transformer class equipment vibration insulation and noise reduction method
CN110569526B (en) * 2019-06-27 2022-04-01 武汉大学 Method for analyzing sound radiation characteristics of power transformer in multiple operating states
US20240013963A1 (en) 2021-02-11 2024-01-11 Hitachi Energy Switzerland Ag A winding, a transformer and a transformer arrangement
JP7493107B2 (en) 2021-02-11 2024-05-30 ヒタチ・エナジー・リミテッド Transformers and Transformer Configurations

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5692053A (en) 1992-10-08 1997-11-25 Noise Cancellation Technologies, Inc. Active acoustic transmission loss box
EP0746843B1 (en) 1993-09-09 2001-11-14 NCT Group, Inc. Global quieting system for stationary induction apparatus
US7623993B2 (en) * 2003-12-09 2009-11-24 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Method and system to perform energy-extraction based active noise control

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Title
See references of WO2011009491A1 *

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US9020156B2 (en) 2015-04-28

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