EP2455588B1 - Securing module for axial securing of a root of a turbo engine blade - Google Patents

Securing module for axial securing of a root of a turbo engine blade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2455588B1
EP2455588B1 EP10191240.0A EP10191240A EP2455588B1 EP 2455588 B1 EP2455588 B1 EP 2455588B1 EP 10191240 A EP10191240 A EP 10191240A EP 2455588 B1 EP2455588 B1 EP 2455588B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
groove
radius
turbomachine
securing
securing means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP10191240.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2455588A1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Stanka
Manfred Dopfer
Martin Pernleitner
Wilfried SCHÜTTE
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Aero Engines AG filed Critical MTU Aero Engines AG
Priority to ES10191240.0T priority Critical patent/ES2620424T3/en
Priority to EP10191240.0A priority patent/EP2455588B1/en
Priority to PCT/DE2011/001985 priority patent/WO2012065599A1/en
Priority to US13/885,045 priority patent/US9470099B2/en
Publication of EP2455588A1 publication Critical patent/EP2455588A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2455588B1 publication Critical patent/EP2455588B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/26—Antivibration means not restricted to blade form or construction or to blade-to-blade connections or to the use of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3092—Protective layers between blade root and rotor disc surfaces, e.g. anti-friction layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/32—Locking, e.g. by final locking blades or keys
    • F01D5/323—Locking of axial insertion type blades by means of a key or the like parallel to the axis of the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/70—Shape
    • F05D2250/71—Shape curved
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05D2300/501—Elasticity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbomachine with a securing means for the axial securing of a blade root of a blade of the turbomachine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the blade has a blade root that has a fir tree shape.
  • the blade root of the blade is inserted into the correspondingly shaped axial groove. Due to the design of the blade root, the blade can be secured in the radial direction to the rotor axis.
  • a locking plate is provided between the blade root and the rotor.
  • the locking plate has at its ends in Rotorachsplatz folding folding straps, by means of which the blade is secured in the axial direction.
  • the safety plate has a rounded shape in the axial normal cross-section.
  • a disadvantage of the known securing element is that the contact area between the locking plate and the groove is small. Thus, a groove wall and / or a locking plate can be damaged if the transmitted from the blade and the locking plate on the groove wall force is large. Such a force can arise, for example, when a vibrating blade abuts against the groove wall.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to improve the axial securing of a blade.
  • a turbomachine with a securing means according to the preamble of claim 1 is further developed by its characterizing features.
  • a turbomachine with a securing means for axially securing a blade root of a blade in a groove of a rotor of the turbomachine is provided.
  • an outer contour of the securing means which faces the groove inner wall, in particular a groove base, facing the groove, at least partially curved, wherein the outer contour has regions of different radii.
  • the groove wall is composed of the groove base and groove sides.
  • the groove sides are connected to the respective end of the groove base and extend from the groove bottom in the direction of a rotor outer side.
  • the area of the outer contour of the mounted securing means which can be brought into contact with a slot contact area is understood as the securing means contact area.
  • the region of the groove wall which can be brought into contact with the securing agent contact region is understood as the groove contact region in the sense of the invention.
  • the groove contact region may be provided in the groove base and / or on the groove side. As the contact area, the area between the securing means and the groove wall is referred to, which adjusts upon contact of the securing means and the groove wall.
  • the turbomachine according to the invention may in particular be a gas or steam turbine and preferably an aircraft engine.
  • a plurality of distributed over the circumference of the rotor grooves are introduced, which may in particular each extend in a Rotorachsraum.
  • the bucket may have an airfoil and a blade root and will over the blade root in one Schaufelfußbefest Trents Kunststoff the groove of the rotor positionally anchored in the radial direction to the rotor axis.
  • the geometry of the blade roots may preferably be Tannenbaum-, dovetail or hammerhead-like design.
  • the grooves may have in the Nutachsnormalquerexcellent a groove portion which is closer to the rotor axis in the radial direction than the Schaufelfußbefest Trents Symposium, preferably an elliptical, circular or other shape.
  • the securing means can be matched to the groove or arranged in the groove such that forms a gap between the outer contour of the mounted securing means and the groove wall, in particular the groove bottom.
  • the securing means may be connected at its side facing the blade root side with a securing means facing side of the blade root.
  • the outer contour of the securing means may have at least two different radii, which are selected such that the contact area between securing means and groove wall increases.
  • a radius can be chosen such that it is greater than the other two radii.
  • a portion of the outer contour with the largest radius is formed such that the portion is longer than the remaining portions of the outer contour.
  • the section with the largest radius can be arranged between the other two sections.
  • the securing means which may be formed, for example, as a locking plate, in a portion of the outer contour may have a radius which is at least substantially the same value has like a radius of the NutWalletrios.
  • the groove in the Nutachsnormalquerrough an ellipse-like or other shape with varying radius of curvature is understood as the radius of the NutWalletrios in particular a radius of curvature of the NutWalletrios.
  • the portion of the outer contour of the securing element which has the same radius as the groove contact area may be that portion of the outer contour that has the largest radius and is longer than the other section (s).
  • the respective portion of the securing means and the NutWallet Schemes can be optimally matched to each other, so that the risk of damage to the NutWalletrios and / or securing means is reduced.
  • the outer contour of the securing means facing the groove wall in particular the groove base, can have two curved securing agent contact areas and a straight section.
  • the two securing means contact areas may be provided at opposite ends of the securing means relative to a securing axis which is transverse to the rotor axis.
  • the straight portion of the outer contour is disposed between the two securing means contact areas and connected at the ends to the respective securing means contact area.
  • the individual securing agent contact areas in the outer contour can be identical or different from each other.
  • the length of the sections and / or the radii of the sections in all securing agent contact areas may be the same or different.
  • the respective securing agent contact area can be adapted to the formation of the groove wall.
  • the securing means contact area can be adapted such that the contact area between the securing means and the groove wall increases.
  • the at least one securing means contact area is provided on the outer contour such that no self-locking of the securing means occurs upon contact of the securing means with the groove wall.
  • the Fuse means contact area formed in a region of the outer contour such that forms upon contact of the securing means with the groove wall of the NutWallet Scheme in a region of the groove wall, which is located outside of a self-locking region.
  • the NutWallet Society lies outside of the self-locking region, when an angle of inclination between a tangent to the groove wall and a straight line which is perpendicular to a connecting line between the rotor axis and a groove center, is greater than the arcus tangens the coefficient of friction in the contact area.
  • the Hemunung understood a movement of the securing means by friction between the securing means and the groove wall. In this case, no self-locking occurs when the static friction of the securing means is exceeded.
  • the self-locking essentially depends on the aforementioned inclination angle of the groove wall and a coefficient of friction of the groove contact region.
  • there is a self-locking when a tangent to the groove wall with the straight line, which is perpendicular to the connecting line between the rotor axis and the groove center forms an angle whose tang is less than or equal to the coefficient of friction.
  • the securing means may consist of an elastic material and / or have an elastic region.
  • the elastic region may be formed, for example, by a wave-shaped design of the securing means in Rotorachsplatz.
  • the securing means may at its ends in Rotorachsplatz folding folding fasteners, in particular one or more tabs have.
  • FIG. 1 shown section of a cross section of a turbomachine 1, a single of the circumferential direction of a rotor 10 of the turbomachine 1 juxtaposed grooves 11 is shown.
  • the groove 11 extends in a Rotorachsplatz and is ellipsenformig in Nutachsnormalquerrough in close to the rotor axis M area.
  • the groove 11 has a groove wall which consists of a groove base 33 and two groove sides 34.
  • the groove sides 34 are connected to the respective end of the groove base 33 and extend from the groove base 33 in the direction of a rotor outer side 13.
  • the groove base 33 corresponds to the side of the ellipse, which has the largest curvature radius.
  • FIG. 1 a portion of a blade root 12 of a blade, not shown, which is at least partially disposed in the groove 11 and connected to an airfoil, not shown.
  • a securing means 20 is provided between the blade root 12 and the rotor 10.
  • the securing means 20 is connected at its side facing the blade root 12 with this side such that a gap 30 is formed between the outer contour 24 of the securing means 20 facing the groove base 33 and the groove base 33.
  • the securing means 20 has two curved securing agent contact regions 21 and a straight section 23 on its outer contour 24 facing the groove base 33.
  • the securing means contact region 21 are arranged on opposite sides of the securing means 20 relative to a securing means axis Q, which runs transversely to a rotor axis M.
  • the straight portion 23 is provided between the two securing means contact areas 21 and connected at its ends to the respective securing means contact area 21.
  • the securing agent contact regions 21 each have three sections with different radii R1, R2, R3, wherein a first section has a first radius R1, a second section a second radius R2 and a third portion has a third radius R3.
  • the second radius R2 of the second portion of the securing means contact region 21 corresponds to a radius of curvature of a groove contact region 31 of the groove wall, which lies opposite the corresponding securing agent contact region 21.
  • the second radius R2 is greater than the first and third radius R1, R3.
  • the second portion having the radius R2 of the securing agent contacting portion 21 is disposed between the first portion having the radius R1 and the third portion having the radius R3, and is made longer than the first and second portions of the securing agent contacting portion 21.
  • the two securing means contact regions 21 are arranged on the outer contour 24 of the securing means 20 such that they contact the NutWallet Scheme 31 in a region of the groove bottom 33 and / or the groove sides 34, which is located outside of a self-locking portion of the securing means 20.
  • a contacting of the groove base 33 and / or the groove sides 34 by the securing means 20 can take place, for example, if the blades vibrate in the radial direction to the rotor axis M and / or the groove shape changes due to a temperature change, in particular temperature increase of the rotor 10.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Turbomaschine mit einem Sicherungsmittel zur axialen Sicherung eines Schaufelfußes einer Schaufel der Turbomaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a turbomachine with a securing means for the axial securing of a blade root of a blade of the turbomachine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Aus dem Stand der Technik ist bekannt, Laufschaufeln in Rotorachsrichtung an einem Rotor zu montieren. Hierzu wird ein Schaufelfuß der Schaufel in eine im Rotor vorgesehene, in Rotorachsrichtung verlaufende Nut eingeschoben. Die Schaufel muss radial und axial, bezogen auf die Rotorachse, gesichert werden, um eine Rüttel- bzw. Schwingungsbewegung der Schaufeln, insbesondere beim Anfahren der Turbomaschine, zu begrenzen bzw. zu verhindern. Eine derartige Rüttel- bzw. Schwingungsbewegung kann zu einer Oberflächenbeschädigung des Rotors und/oder der Schaufeln führten, so dass sich die Lebensdauer der Turbomaschine verkürzt, sowie im Betrieb den Wirkungsgrad verschlechtern.From the prior art it is known to mount blades in Rotorachsrichtung on a rotor. For this purpose, a blade root of the blade is inserted into a provided in the rotor, running in Rotorachsrichtung groove. The blade must be secured radially and axially, relative to the rotor axis, in order to limit or prevent a vibration or vibration movement of the blades, in particular when the turbomachine is started up. Such a vibration or vibration movement can lead to a surface damage of the rotor and / or the blades, so that the service life of the turbomachine shortens, and deteriorate the efficiency during operation.

Aus der DE 44 30 636 C2 ist eine Turbomaschine mit einer Schaufel und einer Axialnut im Rotor bekannt. Die Schaufel weist einen Schaufelfuß auf, der eine Tannenbaumform besitzt. Der Schaufelfuß der Schaufel wird in die entsprechend geformte Axialnut eingesetzt. Durch die Ausbildung des Schaufelfußes kann die Schaufel in radialer Richtung zur Rotorachse gesichert werden. In der Axialnut ist zwischen dem Schaufelfuß und dem Rotor ein Sicherungsblech vorgesehen. Das Sicherungsblech weist an seinen Enden in Rotorachsrichtung umklappbare Befestigungslaschen auf, mittels denen die Schaufel in axialer Richtung gesichert wird. Das Sicherungsblech besitzt im Achsnormalquerschnitt eine abgerundete Form.From the DE 44 30 636 C2 is a turbomachine with a blade and an axial groove in the rotor known. The blade has a blade root that has a fir tree shape. The blade root of the blade is inserted into the correspondingly shaped axial groove. Due to the design of the blade root, the blade can be secured in the radial direction to the rotor axis. In the axial groove, a locking plate is provided between the blade root and the rotor. The locking plate has at its ends in Rotorachsrichtung folding folding straps, by means of which the blade is secured in the axial direction. The safety plate has a rounded shape in the axial normal cross-section.

Aus der US 2004/076523 A1 und der EP 2 009 245 A1 sind solche Sicherungsbleche bekannt. In den Figuren weist dieser jeweils zwei Radien auf, zwischen denen eine konkaver Abschnitt liegt, der nicht mit der Nut in Kontakt treten kannFrom the US 2004/076523 A1 and the EP 2 009 245 A1 Such security plates are known. In the figures, this each has two radii, between which lies a concave portion which can not come into contact with the groove

Ein Nachteil des bekannten Sicherungselements besteht darin, dass der Kontaktbereich zwischen dem Sicherungsblech und der Nut klein ist. Somit kann eine Nutwand und/ oder ein Sicherungsblech beschädigt werden, wenn die von der Schaufel und dem Sicherungsblech auf die Nutwand übertragene Kraft groß wird. Eine derartige Kraft kann beispielsweise entstehen, wenn eine schwingende Schaufel gegen die Nutwand stößt.A disadvantage of the known securing element is that the contact area between the locking plate and the groove is small. Thus, a groove wall and / or a locking plate can be damaged if the transmitted from the blade and the locking plate on the groove wall force is large. Such a force can arise, for example, when a vibrating blade abuts against the groove wall.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, die axiale Sicherung einer Schaufel zu verbessern.Object of the present invention is therefore to improve the axial securing of a blade.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist eine Turbomaschine mit einem Sicherungsmittel nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 durch dessen kennzeichnende Merkmale weitergebildet.To solve this problem, a turbomachine with a securing means according to the preamble of claim 1 is further developed by its characterizing features.

Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Turbomaschine mit einem Sicherungsmittel zur axialen Sicherung eines Schaufelfußes einer Laufschaufel in einer Nut eines Rotors der Turbomaschine vorgesehen. Dabei ist eine Außenkontur des Sicherungsmittels, die der Nutinnenwand, insbesondere einem Nutgrund, der Nut zugewandt ist, zumindest bereichsweise gekrümmt, wobei die Außenkontur bereichsweise unterschiedliche Radien aufweist. Durch das Vorsehen der Außenkontur mit unterschiedlichen Radien kann der Kontaktbereich zwischen dem Sicherungsmittel und einer Nutwand optimiert, insbesondere vergrößert werden. Durch den optimierten Kontaktbereich verkleinert sich die Flächenpressung auf die Nutwand, wenn beispielsweise das Sicherungsmittel gegen die Nutwand stößt, so dass die Gefahr einer Beschädigung der Nutwand und/ oder des Sicherungsmittels verringert wird.According to the invention, a turbomachine with a securing means for axially securing a blade root of a blade in a groove of a rotor of the turbomachine is provided. In this case, an outer contour of the securing means, which faces the groove inner wall, in particular a groove base, facing the groove, at least partially curved, wherein the outer contour has regions of different radii. By providing the outer contour with different radii, the contact area between the securing means and a groove wall can be optimized, in particular increased. Due to the optimized contact area, the surface pressure reduces to the groove wall, for example, when the securing means abuts against the groove wall, so that the risk of damaging the groove wall and / or the securing means is reduced.

Die Nutwand setzt sich aus dem Nutgrund und Nutseiten zusammen. Die Nutseiten sind mit dem jeweiligen Ende des Nutgrunds verbunden und erstrecken sich von dem Nutgrund in Richtung zu einer Rotoraußenseite. Als Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereich wird im Sinne der Erfindung der Bereich der Außenkontur des montierten Sicherungsmittels verstanden, der in Kontakt mit einem Nutkontaktbereich gebracht werden kann. Entsprechend wird als Nutkontaktbereich im Sinne der Erfindung der Bereich der Nutwand verstanden, der mit dem Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereich in Kontakt gebracht werden kann. Der Nutkontaktbereich kann im Nutgrund und/oder an der Nutseite vorgesehen sein. Als Kontaktbereich wird der Bereich zwischen dem Sicherungsmittel und der Nutwand bezeichnet, der sich bei einem Kontaktieren des Sicherungsmittels und der Nutwand einstellt.The groove wall is composed of the groove base and groove sides. The groove sides are connected to the respective end of the groove base and extend from the groove bottom in the direction of a rotor outer side. For the purposes of the invention, the area of the outer contour of the mounted securing means which can be brought into contact with a slot contact area is understood as the securing means contact area. According to the invention, the region of the groove wall which can be brought into contact with the securing agent contact region is understood as the groove contact region in the sense of the invention. The groove contact region may be provided in the groove base and / or on the groove side. As the contact area, the area between the securing means and the groove wall is referred to, which adjusts upon contact of the securing means and the groove wall.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Turbomaschine kann es sich insbesondere um eine Gas- oder Dampfturbine und bevorzugt um ein Flugtriebwerk handeln. In dem Rotor der Turbomaschine sind mehrere über den Umfang des Rotors verteilte Nuten eingebracht, die sich insbesondere jeweils in einer Rotorachsrichtung erstrecken können. Die Schaufel kann ein Schaufelblatt und einen Schaufelfuß aufweisen und wird über den Schaufelfuß in einem Schaufelfußbefestigungsbereich der Nut des Rotors lagefest in radialer Richtung zu der Rotorachse verankert. Die Geometrie der Schaufelfüße kann vorzugsweise tannenbaum-, schwalbenschwanz oder hammerkopfartig ausgebildet sein. Die Nuten können im Nutachsnormalquerschnitt eines Nutbereichs, der in radialer Richtung näher zur Rotorachse ist als der Schaufelfußbefestigungsbereich, vorzugsweise eine ellipsenförmige, kreisförmige oder eine andere Form aufweisen.The turbomachine according to the invention may in particular be a gas or steam turbine and preferably an aircraft engine. In the rotor of the turbomachine, a plurality of distributed over the circumference of the rotor grooves are introduced, which may in particular each extend in a Rotorachsrichtung. The bucket may have an airfoil and a blade root and will over the blade root in one Schaufelfußbefestigungsbereich the groove of the rotor positionally anchored in the radial direction to the rotor axis. The geometry of the blade roots may preferably be Tannenbaum-, dovetail or hammerhead-like design. The grooves may have in the Nutachsnormalquerschnitt a groove portion which is closer to the rotor axis in the radial direction than the Schaufelfußbefestigungsbereich, preferably an elliptical, circular or other shape.

Das Sicherungsmittel kann auf die Nut derart abgestimmt bzw. in der Nut derart angeordnet werden, dass sich zwischen der Außenkontur des montierten Sicherungsmittels und der Nutwand, insbesondere dem Nutgrund, ein Spalt ausbildet. Dabei kann das Sicherungsmittel an seiner zum Schaufelfuß weisenden Seite mit einer zum Sicherungsmittel weisenden Seite des Schaufelfußes verbunden sein. Eine derartige Anordnung des Sicherungsmittels in der Nut ermöglicht vorteilhafterweise eine Kühlung des Schaufelfußes und/oder der Nut.The securing means can be matched to the groove or arranged in the groove such that forms a gap between the outer contour of the mounted securing means and the groove wall, in particular the groove bottom. In this case, the securing means may be connected at its side facing the blade root side with a securing means facing side of the blade root. Such an arrangement of the securing means in the groove advantageously allows cooling of the blade root and / or the groove.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung kann die Außenkontur des Sicherungsmittels wenigstens zwei unterschiedliche Radien aufweisen, die derart gewählt werden, dass sich der Kontaktbereich zwischen Sicherungsmittels und Nutwand vergrößert. Insbesondere kann in einer Ausführungsform, in der die Außenkontur drei oder mehr Radien aufweist, ein Radius derart gewählt werden, dass er größer ist als die beiden anderen Radien. Bevorzugt ist ein Abschnitt der Außenkontur mit dem größten Radius derart ausgebildet, dass der Abschnitt länger ist als die restlichen Abschnitte der Außenkontur. Vorzugsweise kann der Abschnitt mit dem größten Radius zwischen den beiden anderen Abschnitten angeordnet sein.In a preferred embodiment, the outer contour of the securing means may have at least two different radii, which are selected such that the contact area between securing means and groove wall increases. In particular, in one embodiment, in which the outer contour has three or more radii, a radius can be chosen such that it is greater than the other two radii. Preferably, a portion of the outer contour with the largest radius is formed such that the portion is longer than the remaining portions of the outer contour. Preferably, the section with the largest radius can be arranged between the other two sections.

Durch ein Vorsehen einer Außenkontur mit drei derartig ausgebildeten Radien bzw. Abschnitten kann sichergestellt werden, dass der Kontaktbereich zwischen dem Sicherungsmittel und der Nutwand groß ist. Folglich kann die Gefahr einer Beschädigung des Sicherungsmittels und/ oder der Nutwand, wie z.B. durch eine Einkerbung, aufgrund einer hohen Flächenpressung bei einem Stoßen des Sicherungsmittels gegen die Nutwand verringert werden. Somit erhöht sich die Lebensdauer der Turbomaschine.By providing an outer contour with three radii or sections designed in this way, it can be ensured that the contact area between the securing means and the groove wall is large. Consequently, the risk of damaging the securing means and / or the groove wall, such as e.g. be reduced by a notch, due to a high surface pressure at a collision of the securing means against the groove wall. This increases the service life of the turbomachine.

Ferner besteht eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung darin, dass das Sicherungsmittel, das beispielsweise als ein Sicherungsblech ausgebildet sein kann, in einem Abschnitt der Außenkontur einen Radius aufweisen kann, der wenigstens im Wesentlichen den gleichen Wert aufweist wie ein Radius des Nutkontaktbereichs. Für den Fall, dass die Nut im Nutachsnormalquerschnitt eine ellipsenartige oder andere Form mit variierendem Krümmungsradius aufweist, wird als Radius des Nutkontaktbereichs insbesondere ein Krümmungsradiusmittelwert des Nutkontaktbereichs verstanden. Vorteilhafterweise kann es sich bei dem Abschnitt der Außenkontur des Sicherungselements, der den gleichen Radius wie der Nutkontaktbereich aufweist, um den Abschnitt der Außenkontur handeln, der den größten Radius aufweist und länger ist als der/die andere(n) Abschnitt(e). Durch eine derartige Ausbildung der Radien des Abschnitts des Sicherungsmittels und des Nutkontaktbereichs können der jeweilige Abschnitt des Sicherungsmittels und des Nutkontaktbereichs optimal aufeinander abgestimmt werden, so dass die Gefahr einer Beschädigung des Nutkontaktbereichs und/oder Sicherungsmittels reduziert wird.Furthermore, an advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the securing means, which may be formed, for example, as a locking plate, in a portion of the outer contour may have a radius which is at least substantially the same value has like a radius of the Nutkontaktbereichs. In the event that the groove in the Nutachsnormalquerschnitt an ellipse-like or other shape with varying radius of curvature, is understood as the radius of the Nutkontaktbereichs in particular a radius of curvature of the Nutkontaktbereichs. Advantageously, the portion of the outer contour of the securing element which has the same radius as the groove contact area may be that portion of the outer contour that has the largest radius and is longer than the other section (s). By such a design of the radii of the portion of the securing means and the Nutkontaktbereichs the respective portion of the securing means and the Nutkontaktbereichs can be optimally matched to each other, so that the risk of damage to the Nutkontaktbereichs and / or securing means is reduced.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung können wenigstens zwei Abschnitte der Außenkontur, die unterschiedliche Radien aufweisen, den Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereich bilden. Natürlich ist es möglich, dass in der Außenkontur des Sicherungsmittels mehrere Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereiche vorgesehen sind. In einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform kann die zur Nutwand, insbesondere zum Nutgrund, weisende Außenkontur des Sicherungsmittels zwei gekrümmte Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereiche und einen geraden Abschnitt aufweisen. Die zwei Sicherungmittelkontaktbereiche können bezogen auf eine Sicherungsmittelachse, die quer zu der Rotorachse steht, an gegenüberliegenden Enden des Sicherungsmittels vorgesehen sein. Der gerade Abschnitt der Außenkontur ist zwischen den zwei Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereichen angeordnet und an den Enden mit dem jeweiligen Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereich verbunden.In a preferred embodiment, at least two portions of the outer contour, which have different radii, form the securing agent contact area. Of course, it is possible that a plurality of securing agent contact areas are provided in the outer contour of the securing means. In one embodiment according to the invention, the outer contour of the securing means facing the groove wall, in particular the groove base, can have two curved securing agent contact areas and a straight section. The two securing means contact areas may be provided at opposite ends of the securing means relative to a securing axis which is transverse to the rotor axis. The straight portion of the outer contour is disposed between the two securing means contact areas and connected at the ends to the respective securing means contact area.

Die einzelnen Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereiche in der Außenkontur können gleich oder unterschiedlich voneinander ausgebildet sein. So können die Länge der Abschnitte und/ oder die Radien der Abschnitte in allen Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereichen gleich oder unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein. Somit kann der jeweilige Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereich auf die Ausbildung der Nutwand angepasst werden. Vorteilhafterweise kann der Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereich derart angepasst werden, dass sich der Kontaktbereich zwischen dem Sicherungsmittel und der Nutwand erhöht.The individual securing agent contact areas in the outer contour can be identical or different from each other. Thus, the length of the sections and / or the radii of the sections in all securing agent contact areas may be the same or different. Thus, the respective securing agent contact area can be adapted to the formation of the groove wall. Advantageously, the securing means contact area can be adapted such that the contact area between the securing means and the groove wall increases.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der wenigstens eine Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereich derart auf der Außenkontur vorgesehen, dass bei einem Kontaktieren des Sicherungsmittels mit der Nutwand keine Selbsthemmung des Sicherungsmittels auftritt. Hierzu wird der Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereich in einem Bereich der Außenkontur derart ausgebildet, dass sich bei einem Kontaktieren des Sicherungsmittels mit der Nutwand der Nutkontaktbereich in einem Bereich der Nutwand ausbildet, der sich außerhalb eines Selbsthemmungsbereichs befindet.According to the invention, the at least one securing means contact area is provided on the outer contour such that no self-locking of the securing means occurs upon contact of the securing means with the groove wall. For this purpose, the Fuse means contact area formed in a region of the outer contour such that forms upon contact of the securing means with the groove wall of the Nutkontaktbereich in a region of the groove wall, which is located outside of a self-locking region.

Der Nutkontaktbereich liegt außerhalb des Selbsthemmungsbereichs, wenn ein Neigungswinkel zwischen einer Tangente an der Nutwand und einer Geraden, die senkrecht zu einer Verbindungsgeraden zwischen der Rotorachse und einem Nutmittelpunkt steht, größer ist als der arcus tangens des Reibwertes im Kontaktbereich. Infolge einer Vermeidung einer Selbsthemmung des Sicherungsmittels in der Nut werden vorteilhafterweise hohe Kräfte in dem Sicherungsmittel und damit im Schaufelfuß aufgrund einer Verklemmung des Sicherungsmittels in der Nut vermieden. Eine Verklemmung des Sicherungsmittels kann in der Nut beispielsweise aufgrund einer Änderung der Nutform durch eine Ausdehnung des Rotors infolge beispielsweise einer Temperaturänderung erfolgen.The Nutkontaktbereich lies outside of the self-locking region, when an angle of inclination between a tangent to the groove wall and a straight line which is perpendicular to a connecting line between the rotor axis and a groove center, is greater than the arcus tangens the coefficient of friction in the contact area. As a result of avoiding self-locking of the securing means in the groove high forces in the securing means and thus in the blade root due to jamming of the securing means are advantageously avoided in the groove. A jamming of the securing means can take place in the groove, for example due to a change in the groove shape by an expansion of the rotor due to, for example, a temperature change.

Als Selbsthemmung wird im Sinne der Erfindung die Hemunung einer Bewegung des Sicherungsmittels durch Reibung zwischen dem Sicherungsmittel und der Nutwand verstanden. Dabei tritt keine Selbsthemmung auf, wenn die Haftreibung des Sicherungsmittels überschritten wird. Die Selbsthemmung hängt im Wesentlichen von dem zuvor genannten Neigungswinkel der Nutwand und einem Reibwert des Nutkontaktbereichs ab. So liegt eine Selbsthemmung vor, wenn eine Tangente an der Nutwand mit der Geraden, die senkrecht zu der Verbindungsgerade zwischen der Rotorachse und dem Nutmittelpunkt steht, einen Winkel bildet, dessen Tangens kleiner oder gleich dem Reibwert ist.As self-locking in the context of the invention, the Hemunung understood a movement of the securing means by friction between the securing means and the groove wall. In this case, no self-locking occurs when the static friction of the securing means is exceeded. The self-locking essentially depends on the aforementioned inclination angle of the groove wall and a coefficient of friction of the groove contact region. Thus, there is a self-locking, when a tangent to the groove wall with the straight line, which is perpendicular to the connecting line between the rotor axis and the groove center forms an angle whose tang is less than or equal to the coefficient of friction.

Das Sicherungsmittel kann aus einem elastischen Material bestehen und/ oder einen elastischen Bereich aufweisen. Der elastische Bereich kann beispielsweise durch eine wellenförmige Ausbildung des Sicherungsmittels in Rotorachsrichtung ausgebildet sein. Durch das elastische Material und/ oder den elastischen Bereich, insbesondere die wellenförmige Ausbildung des Sicherungsmittels, kann bei einem Stoßen des Sicherungsmittels gegen die Nutwand der Stoß des Sicherungsmittels gedämpft werden. Des Weiteren kann das Sicherungsmittel an seinen Enden in Rotorachsrichtung umklappbare Befestigungsmittel, insbesondere eine oder mehrere Laschen, aufweisen. Mittels der Befestigungsmittel des Sicherungsmittels kann das axiale Sichern der Schaufel auf einfache Weise sichergestellt werden.The securing means may consist of an elastic material and / or have an elastic region. The elastic region may be formed, for example, by a wave-shaped design of the securing means in Rotorachsrichtung. By the elastic material and / or the elastic region, in particular the wave-shaped design of the securing means, the impact of the securing means can be damped in a collision of the securing means against the groove wall. Furthermore, the securing means may at its ends in Rotorachsrichtung folding folding fasteners, in particular one or more tabs have. By means of the securing means of the securing means, the axial securing of the blade can be ensured in a simple manner.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und dem Ausführungsbeispiel. Hierzu zeigt die einzige:

  • Figur 1: einen Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts des Rotors einer Turbomaschine mit einer Nut und einem Sicherungsmittel gemäß einer Ausführung der Erfindung.
Further features and advantages emerge from the subclaims and the exemplary embodiment. The only one shows:
  • FIG. 1 FIG. 2: a detail of a cross section of the rotor of a turbomachine with a groove and a securing means according to an embodiment of the invention. FIG.

In dem in Figur 1 gezeigten Ausschnitt eines Querschnitts einer Turbomaschine 1 ist eine einzige der in Umfangsrichtung eines Rotors 10 der Turbomaschine 1 nebeneinander angeordneten Nuten 11 dargestellt. Die Nut 11 erstreckt sich in einer Rotorachsrichtung und ist im Nutachsnormalquerschnitt im zur Rotorachse M nahen Bereich ellipsenformig ausgebildet. Die Nut 11 weist eine Nutwand auf, die aus einem Nutgrund 33 und zwei Nutseiten 34 besteht. Die Nutseiten 34 sind mit dem jeweiligen Ende des Nutgrunds 33 verbunden und erstrecken sich von dem Nutgrund 33 in Richtung zu einer Rotoraußenseite 13. Der Nutgrund 33 entspricht dabei der Seite der Ellipse, die den größten Krummungsradius aufweist.In the in FIG. 1 shown section of a cross section of a turbomachine 1, a single of the circumferential direction of a rotor 10 of the turbomachine 1 juxtaposed grooves 11 is shown. The groove 11 extends in a Rotorachsrichtung and is ellipsenformig in Nutachsnormalquerschnitt in close to the rotor axis M area. The groove 11 has a groove wall which consists of a groove base 33 and two groove sides 34. The groove sides 34 are connected to the respective end of the groove base 33 and extend from the groove base 33 in the direction of a rotor outer side 13. The groove base 33 corresponds to the side of the ellipse, which has the largest curvature radius.

Des Weiteren ist in Figur 1 ein Teil eines Schaufelfußes 12 einer nicht dargestellten Schaufel gezeigt, der wenigstens teilweise in der Nut 11 angeordnet und mit einem nicht gezeigten Schaufelblatt verbunden ist. In der Nut 11 ist zwischen dem Schaufelfuß 12 und dem Rotor 10 ein Sicherungsmittel 20 vorgesehen. Das Sicherungsmittel 20 ist an seiner zum Schaufelfuß 12 weisenden Seite mit diesem derart verbunden, dass sich zwischen der zum Nutgrund 33 weisenden Außenkontur 24 des Sicherungsmittels 20 und dem Nutgrund 33 ein Spalt 30 ausbildet.Furthermore, in FIG. 1 a portion of a blade root 12 of a blade, not shown, which is at least partially disposed in the groove 11 and connected to an airfoil, not shown. In the groove 11, a securing means 20 is provided between the blade root 12 and the rotor 10. The securing means 20 is connected at its side facing the blade root 12 with this side such that a gap 30 is formed between the outer contour 24 of the securing means 20 facing the groove base 33 and the groove base 33.

Das Sicherungsmittel 20 weist an seiner zum Nutgrund 33 weisenden Außenkontur 24 zwei gekrümmte Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereiche 21 und einen geraden Abschnitt 23 auf. Die Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereich 21 sind bezogen auf eine Sicherungsmittelachse Q, die quer zu einer Rotorachse M verläuft, an gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Sicherungsmittels 20 angeordnet. Der gerade Abschnitt 23 ist zwischen den beiden Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereichen 21 vorgesehen und an seinen Enden mit dem jeweiligen Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereich 21 verbunden.The securing means 20 has two curved securing agent contact regions 21 and a straight section 23 on its outer contour 24 facing the groove base 33. The securing means contact region 21 are arranged on opposite sides of the securing means 20 relative to a securing means axis Q, which runs transversely to a rotor axis M. The straight portion 23 is provided between the two securing means contact areas 21 and connected at its ends to the respective securing means contact area 21.

Die Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereiche 21 weisen jeweils drei Abschnitte mit unterschiedlichen Radien R1, R2, R3 auf, wobei ein erster Abschnitt einen ersten Radius R1, ein zweiter Abschnitt einen zweiten Radius R2 und ein dritter Abschnitt einen dritten Radius R3 aufweist. Dabei entspricht der zweite Radius R2 des zweiten Abschnitts des Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereichs 21 einem Krümmungsradiusmittelwert eines Nutkontaktbereichs 31 der Nutwand, der dem entsprechenden Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereich 21 gegenüberliegt. Des Weiteren ist der zweite Radius R2 größer als der erste und dritte Radius R1, R3. Der zweite Abschnitt mit dem Radius R2 des Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereichs 21 ist zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt mit dem Radius R1 und dem dritten Abschnitt mit dem Radius R3 angeordnet und ist länger ausgebildet als der erste und zweite Abschnitt des Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereichs 21.The securing agent contact regions 21 each have three sections with different radii R1, R2, R3, wherein a first section has a first radius R1, a second section a second radius R2 and a third portion has a third radius R3. In this case, the second radius R2 of the second portion of the securing means contact region 21 corresponds to a radius of curvature of a groove contact region 31 of the groove wall, which lies opposite the corresponding securing agent contact region 21. Furthermore, the second radius R2 is greater than the first and third radius R1, R3. The second portion having the radius R2 of the securing agent contacting portion 21 is disposed between the first portion having the radius R1 and the third portion having the radius R3, and is made longer than the first and second portions of the securing agent contacting portion 21.

Die beiden Sicherungsmittelkontaktbereiche 21 sind an der Außenkontur 24 des Sicherungsmittels 20 derart angeordnet, dass sie den Nutkontaktbereich 31 in einem Bereich des Nutgrunds 33 und/ oder der Nutseiten 34 kontaktieren, der sich außerhalb eines Selbsthemmungsbereichs des Sicherungsmittels 20 befindet. Ein Kontaktieren des Nutgrunds 33 und/ oder der Nutseiten 34 durch das Sicherungsmittels 20 kann beispielsweise erfolgen, wenn die Schaufeln in radialer Richtung zu der Rotorachse M schwingen und/ oder sich die Nutform aufgrund einer Temperaturänderung, insbesondere Temperaturerhöhung, des Rotors 10 verändert.The two securing means contact regions 21 are arranged on the outer contour 24 of the securing means 20 such that they contact the Nutkontaktbereich 31 in a region of the groove bottom 33 and / or the groove sides 34, which is located outside of a self-locking portion of the securing means 20. A contacting of the groove base 33 and / or the groove sides 34 by the securing means 20 can take place, for example, if the blades vibrate in the radial direction to the rotor axis M and / or the groove shape changes due to a temperature change, in particular temperature increase of the rotor 10.

Der Nutkontaktbereich 31 liegt in einem Bereich des Nutgrunds 33 und/ oder der Nutseiten 34, in dem ein Neigungswinkel α zwischen einer Tangente T des Nutgrunds 33 bzw. der Nutseite 34 und einer Geraden G, die senkrecht zu einer Verbindungsgeraden zwischen dem Nutmittelpunkt und der Rotorachse M ist, größer als 30° ist. Dies verhindert eine Selbsthemmung, da der arcus tangens des Reibwertes µ=0,5 der Kontaktpaarung Sicherungsmittel-Nutwand 30° beträgt.The Nutkontaktbereich 31 is located in a region of the groove bottom 33 and / or the groove sides 34, in which an inclination angle α between a tangent T of the groove bottom 33 and the groove side 34 and a straight line G, which is perpendicular to a straight line connecting the Nutmittelpunkt and the rotor axis M is greater than 30 °. This prevents self-locking, since the arcuate tangent of the coefficient of friction μ = 0.5 of the contact pairing securing groove groove wall is 30 °.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Turbomaschineturbomachinery
1010
Rotorrotor
1111
Nutgroove
1212
Schaufelfußblade
1313
RotoraußenseiteRotor outside
2020
Sicherungsmittelsecuring means
2121
SicherungsmittelkontaktbereichSecuring means contact area
2323
gerade Abschnittstraight section
2424
Außenkonturouter contour
3030
Spaltgap
3131
NutkontaktbereichNutkontaktbereich
3333
Nutgrundgroove base
3434
Nutseitegroove side
GG
GeradeJust
MM
Rotorachserotor axis
QQ
SicherungsmittelachseBackup center axis
R1R1
erster Radiusfirst radius
R2R2
zweiter Radiussecond radius
R3R3
dritter Radiusthird radius
TT
Tangentetangent
αα
Neigungswinkeltilt angle

Claims (8)

  1. A turbomachine (1), having a securing device (20) for axially securing a blade root (12) of a blade in a groove (11) of a rotor (10) of the turbomachine (1), wherein the outer contour (24) of the securing device (20) which faces a groove wall, particularly a groove base (33), of the groove (11) is curved at least in some regions thereof, and has different radii (R1, R2, R3) in different regions, characterized in that segments of the outer contour (24) with different radii (R1, R2, R3) at least partially form a securing device contact region (21) which is intended to be brought into contact with a groove contact region (31) of the groove wall, wherein an angle of inclination (α) between a tangent (T) on the groove wall and a straight line (G) which is perpendicular to a straight connection line between a rotor axis (M) and a groove center point is greater than the arctangent of the friction value in the contact region between the securing device (20) and the groove wall, particularly the groove base (11), such that the contact region is outside of a self-locking region.
  2. The turbomachine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that this outer contour (24) has at least two, and particularly three, different radii (R1, R2, R3).
  3. The turbomachine (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer contour (24) has three different radii (R1, R2, R3), wherein a second radius (R2) which is arranged between a first and a second radius (R1, R2) is larger than the first and/or third radius (R1, R3).
  4. The turbomachine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a first and/or third segment of the outer contour (24) with the first and/or third radius (R1, R3) is shorter than a second segment of the outer contour (24) having the second radius (R2).
  5. The turbomachine (1) according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that a radius of the outer contour (24), particularly the second radius (R2), corresponds at least substantially to a radius of the groove wall, particularly the groove base (33), and particularly a curvature radius average of a groove contact region (31).
  6. The turbomachine (1) according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the securing device (20) is designed as a securing sheet.
  7. The turbomachine (1) according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the securing means (20) is made of an elastic material or comprises an elastic region.
  8. The turbomachine (1) according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the turbomachine (1) is a gas or steam turbine.
EP10191240.0A 2010-11-15 2010-11-15 Securing module for axial securing of a root of a turbo engine blade Active EP2455588B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES10191240.0T ES2620424T3 (en) 2010-11-15 2010-11-15 Turbomachine with clamping means for axial clamping of a blade root
EP10191240.0A EP2455588B1 (en) 2010-11-15 2010-11-15 Securing module for axial securing of a root of a turbo engine blade
PCT/DE2011/001985 WO2012065599A1 (en) 2010-11-15 2011-11-11 Securing means for axially securing a blade root of a turbomachine blade
US13/885,045 US9470099B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2011-11-11 Securing device for axially securing a blade root of a turbomachine blade

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EP10191240.0A EP2455588B1 (en) 2010-11-15 2010-11-15 Securing module for axial securing of a root of a turbo engine blade

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WO2012065599A1 (en) 2012-05-24

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