EP2454258A1 - Composés hétérocycliques en tant qu'inhibiteurs d'autotaxine - Google Patents

Composés hétérocycliques en tant qu'inhibiteurs d'autotaxine

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Publication number
EP2454258A1
EP2454258A1 EP10725398A EP10725398A EP2454258A1 EP 2454258 A1 EP2454258 A1 EP 2454258A1 EP 10725398 A EP10725398 A EP 10725398A EP 10725398 A EP10725398 A EP 10725398A EP 2454258 A1 EP2454258 A1 EP 2454258A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phenyl
tetrahydro
dione
chloro
cycloheptene
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10725398A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Melanie Schultz
Kai Schiemann
Wolfgang Staehle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Merck Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Merck Patent GmbH filed Critical Merck Patent GmbH
Publication of EP2454258A1 publication Critical patent/EP2454258A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
    • A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
    • A61K31/5513—1,4-Benzodiazepines, e.g. diazepam or clozapine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D487/14—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the invention had the object of finding new compounds with valuable properties, in particular those that can be used for the production of medicaments.
  • the present invention relates to compounds and the use of
  • compositions containing these compounds are provided.
  • the present invention relates to compounds of the formula I, which preferably inhibit one or more enzymes which regulate the lysophosphatidic acid (Lysophosphatidic acid or abbreviated LPA) levels and / or
  • compositions containing these compounds, and methods for their use in the treatment of diseases and conditions such as angiogenesis, cancer, tumorigenesis, growth and spread, arteriosclerosis, ocular disorders, choroidal neovascularization, and
  • the compounds according to the invention are suitable for the therapy or prophylaxis of cancerous diseases.
  • ATX Autotaxin
  • Lysophosphate acid levels in ascites and plasma (Xu et al., 1995, Clinical Cancer Research Vol 1, page 1223 and Xu et al., 1995, Biochem., J. VoI-309, page 933).
  • ATX converts lysophatidylcholine (LPC) to lysophosphate acid (Tokumura et al., 2002, J. Biol. Chem., VoI 277, page 39436 and Umezu-Gozo et al., 2002, J. Biol.
  • LPA is an intercellular lipid mediator that affects a variety of biological and biochemical processes such as smooth muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, and apoptosis (Tigyi et al., 2003 Prague Lipid Res., Vol. 42, page 498 and Mills et al., 2003 Nat. Cancer Vol. 3, page 582 and Lynch et al., 2001 Prost. Lipid Med., Vol.64, page 33).
  • LPA is in increased concentrations in plasma and ascites
  • LPA plays a role in tumor cell proliferation and invasion into adjacent tissues, which can lead to metastasis (Xu et al., 1995, Clinical Cancer Research Vol 1, page 1223 and Xu et al., 1995, Biochem., J. Vol , Page 933). These biological and phatobiological processes are activated by activation by LPA of G protein-coupled receptors (Contos et al., 2000, Mol. Pharm., Vol. 58, p. 1188).
  • Enzymes involved in LPA biosynthesis such as autotaxin (ATX, Sano et al., 2002, J. Biol. Chem. Vol. 277, page 21197, and Aoki et al., 2003, J. Biol. Chem 277 page 48737).
  • Autotaxin belongs to the enzyme family of nucleotides pyrophosphatases and phosphodiesterases (Goding et al., 1998, Immunol., Rev. Vol. 161, page 11) and is an important starting point for antitumor therapy (Mills et al., 2003, Nat. Rev. Cancer Vol. 3, page 582 and Goto et al., 2004 J. Cell, Biochem., Vol. 92, page 1115) because it is expressed in tumors more intensely and causes tumor cell proliferation and invasion into adjacent tissues, which can lead to metastasis ( Nam et al., 2000, Oncogene, Vol. 19, page 241). In addition, autotaxine causes along with others
  • Angiogenesis is an important process in tumor growth that involves the supply of the tumor Ensures nutrients. For this reason, the inhibition of angiogenesis is an important starting point for cancer and tumor therapy, with which the tumor can be effectively starved (Folkman, 2007, Nature Reviews
  • HEV high endothelial venules
  • C secrete autotaxine in the bloodstream This binds to T cells and converts LPC to LPA on their surface.
  • LPA binds to specific receptors on the surface of T cells and increases their ability to migrate into lymph nodes.
  • T cells can also enter other body tissues
  • Inflammatory diseases may play a role in the inhibition of Autotaxin inhibit this process and thus have a positive impact on the course of the disease.
  • the compounds of the invention preferably exhibit a beneficial biological activity that is readily detectable in the assay described, for example, herein.
  • the compounds of this invention preferably exhibit and effect an inhibiting effect, usually documented by IC 50 values in a suitable range, preferably in the micromolar range, and more preferably in the nanomolar range. 5
  • IC 50 values usually documented by IC 50 values in a suitable range, preferably in the micromolar range, and more preferably in the nanomolar range. 5
  • all solid and non-solid tumors can be treated with the compounds of formula I, such as monocytic leukemia, brain, urogenital, lymphatic, gastric, laryngeal, ovarian and lung cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma.
  • Other examples include prostate, pancreatic and
  • compounds of the invention are useful influenced in the prophylaxis and / or treatment of diseases characterized by inhibition of one or more Nukleotidepyrophosphatasen and / or phosphodiesterases, ⁇ c particular autotaxin.
  • the present invention therefore relates to compounds according to the invention as medicaments and / or active pharmaceutical ingredients in the
  • the compounds according to the invention have a beneficial effect in a xenograft tumor model.
  • the host or patient may be of any mammalian species, e.g. B. one
  • the sensitivity of a particular cell to treatment with the compounds of the invention can be determined by testing in vitro.
  • cultured cells from a biopsy sample can be used.
  • the viable cells remaining after treatment are then counted.
  • the dose varies depending on the specific compound used, the
  • a therapeutic dose sufficient to reduce the undesired cell population in the target tissue, while the viability of the
  • Treatment is generally continued until there is a significant reduction, e.g. At least about 50%
  • the invention relates to compounds of the formula I.
  • R 1 SO 2 A COOA, COOH, Cyc, Het, Ar, COHet, CONHHet,
  • CONHAr CHO 1 CONH 2, CONHA, CONA 2, (CH 2) n2 OH, (CH 2) n2 OA, OAr, NHAr, A, Hal, (CH 2) n2 NH 2, (CH 2) n2 NHA, ( CH 2) n2 NA 2 or NHCOA,
  • X, X 1 are each independently of one another CO, CH (OH), CH (OA),
  • Y, Y 1 are each independently CH or N 1
  • n2 O 1, 2, 3 or 4
  • Ar is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by Hal, A,
  • Het a mono-, di- or trinuclear saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle having 1 to 4 N, O and / or S atoms, which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by Hal, Het 2 , A, OH , OA, NH 2 , NHA, NA 2 , NO 2 , CN, COOH, COOA, CONH 2 , CONHA, CONA 2 , NHCOA, NHSO 2 A,
  • Het 1 is a mono-, di- or trinuclear aromatic heterocycle with 1 up to 4 N, O and / or S atoms which are unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by Hal, A, OH, OA, NH 2 , NHA, NA 2 , NO 2 , CN, COOH, COOA, CONH 2 , CONHA, CONA 2 , NHCOA, NHSO 2 A, SO 2 NH 2 , SO 2 A, NHCONH 2 , CHO and / or
  • COA can be substituted
  • A is unbranched or branched alkyl having 1-10 C atoms, in which 1-7 H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl and / or Br,
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the compounds of the formula I for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of diseases in which the inhibition, regulation and / or modulation of the
  • Phosphodiesterase or lysophospholipase autotaxin plays a role.
  • the invention further relates to medicaments containing at least one compound according to claim 1 or a compound "B1" - “B27” and / or its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and stereoisomers, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, and optionally excipients and / or adjuvants.
  • the invention also relates to the compounds of formula I and the
  • the invention further relates to compounds selected from the group
  • Compounds of the formula I also mean their pharmaceutically usable derivatives, optically active forms (stereoisomers), tautomers, Polymorphs, enantiomers, racemates, diastereomers and the hydrates and solvates of these compounds.
  • Solvates of the compounds are understood to mean additions of inert solvent molecules to the compounds which form due to their mutual attraction. Solvates are, for example, mono- or dihydrate or alcoholates.
  • compositions of the invention are understood, for example, as the salts of the compounds of the invention as well as so-called prodrug compounds.
  • biodegradable polymer derivatives of the compounds of the invention include biodegradable polymer derivatives of the compounds of the invention, as z. In Int. J. Pharm. 115, 61-67 (1995).
  • the term "effective amount” means the amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent which elicits a biological or medical response in a tissue, system, animal or human, e.g. sought or desired by a researcher or physician.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount means an amount that, as compared to a corresponding subject who has not received that amount, results in:
  • Illness a medical condition, a medical condition, a disease, a disorder or side effects or even the reduction of the progression of a disease, a disease or a disorder.
  • terapéuticaally effective amount also includes the amounts effective to increase normal physiological function.
  • the invention also provides the use of mixtures of
  • A is alkyl and is preferably unbranched (linear) or branched, and has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 C-atoms.
  • Alkyl is preferably methyl, furthermore ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl, furthermore also pentyl, 1-, 2- or 3-methylbutyl, 1, 1, 1, 2 or 2,2-dimethyl-propyl, 1-ethyl-propyl, hexyl, 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-methylpentyl, 1, 1-, 1, 2-, 1, 3-, 2,2-, 2,3 - or 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1- or 2-ethylbutyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, 1, 1, 2- or 1, 2,2-trimethylpropyl, more preferably for example Trifluoromethyl.
  • Alkyl very particularly preferably denotes alkyl having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 C atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, trifluoromethyl , Pentafluoroethyl or 1, 1, 1
  • Trifluoroethyl Preferably, one or two CH 2 groups in alkyl may also be replaced by O and / or NH.
  • alkyl also means CH 2 OCH 3 or NHCH 3 .
  • Alkyl also means cycloalkyl.
  • Cycloalkyl is preferably cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,
  • Cyc is cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl
  • Alk is linear or branched alkylene having 1-8 C atoms, in which one or two CH 2 groups may be replaced by O and / or NH,
  • R 2 is preferably H, (CH 2) 3 H NH 2, (CH 2) n3 NHA, (CH 2) n3na 2,
  • R 2 very particularly preferably denotes H, (CH 2 ) 2 NMe 2 , (CH 2 ) 2 OH,
  • X, Xi are preferably each independently of one another CO or CH 2 .
  • Y, Y 1 are preferably CH.
  • Q is preferably CO, SO 2 or COO.
  • n1 is preferably O or 1.
  • n2 is preferably O or 1.
  • n3 is preferably 1 or 2.
  • Hal preferably denotes F, Cl or Br, but also I 1 particularly preferably Br or Cl.
  • Ar means e.g. Phenyl, o-, m- or p-tolyl, o-, m- or p-ethylphenyl, o-, m- or p-propylphenyl, o-, m- or p-isopropylphenyl, o-, m- or p- tert
  • N, N-dimethylamino or 3-nitro-4-N N-dimethylaminophenyl, 2,3-diamino phenyl, 2,3,4-, 2,3,5-, 2,3,6-, 2,4,6- or 3,4,5-trichlorophenyl, 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl, 2- Hydroxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl, p-iodophenyl, 3,6-dichloro-4-aminophenyl, 4-fluoro-3-chlorophenyl, 2-fluoro-4-bromophenyl, 2,5-difluoro-4-bromophenyl, 3 Bromo-6-methoxyphenyl, 3-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl, 3-chloro-4-acetamidophenyl, 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 3-amino-6-methylphenyl, 3-chloro-4-acetamidophenyl or 2.5- dimethyl-4
  • Ar very particularly preferably denotes phenyl which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by Hal, A, OH, OA, NH 2 , NHA and / or NA 2 .
  • Pyrimidinyl furthermore preferably 1, 2,3-triazole-1, -4- or -5-yl, 1, 2,4-triazole-1, -3- or 5-yl, 1- or 5-tetrazolyl, 1, 2,3-oxadiazol-4 or -5-yl, 1, 2,4-oxadiazol-3 or -5-yl, 1, 3,4-thiadiazol-2 or -5-yl, 1, 2,4-thiadiazole-3-or
  • the heterocyclic radicals may also be partially or completely hydrogenated.
  • Het is preferably a mono-, di- or trinuclear saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle having 1 to 4 N, O and / or S-25 atoms which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by A, Het 1 , OH,
  • NH 2 , NHA and / or NA 2 may be substituted.
  • Het very particularly preferably represents pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, thiazolidinyl, morpholinyl, oxazolidinyl, tetrahydroquinazolinyl, piperazinyl, thiazolyl, furyl which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by A, Het 1 , OH, NH 2 , NHA and / or NA 2 , Thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxadiazolyl,
  • Het 1 means, notwithstanding further substitutions, for example 2- or 3-furyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, 1-, 2, A- or 5-imidazolyl, 1-, 3- , A- or 5-pyrazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-oxazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isoxazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-thiazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isothiazolyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, 2-, 4-, 5- or 6-pyrimidinyl, more preferably 1, 2,3-triazole-1, -A- or -5-yl, 1, 2,4 Triazole-1, 3 or 5-yl, 1- or 5-tetrazolyl, 1, 2,3-oxadiazol-4 or 5-yl, 1, 2,4-oxadiazol-3 or -5 -yl, 1, 3,4-thiadiazol-2 or -5-yl, 1, 2,4-thiadiazol-3 or -5-yl, 1, 2,3-thiadiazol-4 or -5
  • Het 1 preferably denotes a mono-, di- or trinuclear aromatic heterocycle having 1 to 4 N, O and / or S atoms, which may be unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by A and / or Hal.
  • Het 1 very particularly preferably denotes furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl or 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl, where the radicals may be monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted by A and / or Hal.
  • Het 2 is preferably unsubstituted or simply A
  • the compounds of the formula I can possess one or more chiral centers and therefore occur in different stereoisomeric forms.
  • Formula I encompasses all these forms.
  • the invention is particularly the
  • Some preferred groups of compounds can be expressed by the following sub-formulas Ia to Ih, which correspond to formula I and in which the unspecified radicals have the meaning given in formula I, but where in Ia R 2 is H, (CH 2 ) H 3 NH 2, (CH 2) n3 NHA, (CH 2) ⁇ 3 NA 2, (CH 2) n3 OH, (CH 2) n3 OA,
  • Ic Y Yi signify CH
  • Id A unbranched or branched alkyl having 1-10 C atoms, wherein 1-7 H atoms may be replaced by F and / or Cl, or
  • Het a mono-, di- or trinuclear saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle having 1 to 4 N, O and / or S atoms, which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by A, Het 2 , OH , NH 2 , NHA and / or NA 2 may be substituted,
  • Ig Het 1 a mono-, di- or trinuclear aromatic heterocycle having 1 to 4 N, O and / or S atoms, which may be unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by A and / or Hal,
  • R 1 SO 2 A COOA, COOH, Cyc, Het, Ar, COHet, CONHHet,
  • X, Xi are each independently of one another CO or CH 2 , Y, Y 1 CH,
  • Q is CO, SO 2 or COO
  • n1 0, 1 or 2
  • n2 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4
  • Ar is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or trisubstituted by Hal, A,
  • A Het 2 , OH, NH 2 , NHA and / or NA 2 ,
  • Het 1 is a mono-, di- or trinuclear aromatic heterocycle having 1 to 4 N, O and / or S atoms, which is unsubstituted or
  • 25 may be monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted by A and / or Hal,
  • Het 2 is unsubstituted or substituted by A
  • L is Cl, Br, I or a free or reactive functional
  • modified OH group means reacted.
  • L is preferably Cl, Br, I or a free or a reactively modified OH group, such as e.g. an activated ester, an imidazolide or alkylsulfonyloxy having 1-6 C atoms (preferably methylsulfonyloxy or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) or arylsulfonyloxy having 6-10 C atoms (preferably phenyl- or p-toluenesulfonyloxy).
  • an activated ester an imidazolide or alkylsulfonyloxy having 1-6 C atoms (preferably methylsulfonyloxy or trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) or arylsulfonyloxy having 6-10 C atoms (preferably phenyl- or p-toluenesulfonyloxy).
  • the reaction is particularly preferably carried out with the addition of DAPECI and HOBT hydrate in DMF.
  • reaction can also be carried out in the presence of an acid-binding agent, preferably an organic base such as DIPEA, triethylamine,
  • bicarbonate or another salt of a weak acid of the alkali or alkaline earth metals preferably of potassium, sodium, calcium or cesium may be favorable.
  • the reaction time is between a few minutes and 14 days, the reaction temperature between about -30 ° and 140 °, normally between -10 ° and 90 °, in particular between about 0 ° and about 70 °.
  • Suitable inert solvents are e.g. Hydrocarbons such as hexane,
  • Tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dioxane Tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dioxane
  • Glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether (methyl glycol or ethyl glycol), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme); Ketones such as acetone or butanone; Amides such as acetamide, dimethylacetamide or dimethylformamide (DMF); Nitriles such as acetonitrile; Sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO); Carbon disulphide; Carboxylic acids such as formic acid or acetic acid; Nitro compounds such as nitromethane or nitrobenzene; Esters such as ethyl acetate or mixtures of said solvents.
  • Glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether (methyl glycol or ethyl glycol), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme); Ke
  • acetonitrile particularly preferred is acetonitrile, dichloromethane and / or DMF.
  • Y denotes a boronic acid or boronic ester radical, implements.
  • Y is preferably
  • the reaction is carried out under standard conditions of Suzuki coupling.
  • reaction time is between a few minutes and 14 days depending on the conditions used, the reaction temperature between about
  • Ethanol, toluene or dimethoxyethane is particularly preferred as the solvent.
  • inorganic acids and bases can be derived by art-known procedures.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the compounds are mostly prepared conventionally. If the compound contains a carboxylic acid group, one of its suitable salts can be formed by reacting the compound with a suitable base to give the corresponding base addition salt.
  • bases include, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, including potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide; Alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as barium hydroxide and
  • Forming acid addition salts by reacting these compounds with pharmaceutically acceptable organic and inorganic acids, e.g. Hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide or
  • Hydrogen iodide other mineral acids and their corresponding salts such as sulfate, nitrate or phosphate and the like, and alkyl and
  • Monoarylsulfonates such as ethane sulfonate, toluenesulfonate and benzenesulfonate, and other organic acids and their corresponding salts such as acetate, trifluoroacetate, tartrate, maleate, succinate, citrate, benzoate, salicylate, ascorbate and the like. Accordingly, count
  • pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds include the following: acetate, adipate, alginate, arginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate (besylate), bisulfate, bisulfite, bromide, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, caprylate, chloride, chlorobenzoate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dihydrogenphosphate , Dinitrobenzoate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate,
  • Glutamate Glutamate, glycerophosphate, hemisuccinate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate,
  • Hippurate hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, iodide, isethionate, isobutyrate, lactate, lactobionate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, metaphosphate, methanesulfonate, methylbenzoate, monohydrogenphosphate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oxalate, Oleat, Pamoat,
  • the base salts of the compounds include aluminum,
  • ammonium calcium, copper, iron (III), iron (II), lithium, magnesium, manganese (III), manganese (II), potassium, sodium and zinc salts should represent.
  • Preferred among the above salts are ammonium; the alkali metal salts sodium and potassium, as well as the
  • Alkaline earth metal salts calcium and magnesium Alkaline earth metal salts calcium and magnesium.
  • Derive bases include salts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, substituted amines, including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, eg
  • Arginine betaine, caffeine, chloroprocaine, choline, N, N'-dibenzylethylenediamine (benzathine), dicyclohexylamine, diethanolamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, Glucosamine, histidine,
  • Tromethamine Hydrabamine, iso-propylamine, lidocaine, lysine, meglumine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethanolamine, thethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine and tris- (hydroxymethyl) -methylamine ( Tromethamine), but this is not intended to be limiting.
  • Groups can be, with agents such as (Ci-C 4 ) alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and tert-butyl chloride, bromide and iodide; Di (C 1 -
  • C 4 alkyl sulfates, for example dimethyl, diethyl and diamyl sulfate;
  • Ci 8 alkyl halides, eg decyl, dodecyl, lauryl, myristyl and
  • AryKCrC ⁇ alkyl halides e.g. Benzyl chloride and phenethyl bromide quaternize.
  • Preferred pharmaceutical salts include acetate, trifluoroacetate, besylate, citrate, fumarate, gluconate, hemisuccinate, hippurate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, isethionate, mandelate, meglumine, nitrate, oleate, phosphonate, pivalate, sodium phosphate, stearate, Sulfate, sulfosalicylate, tartrate, thiomalate, tosylate and tromethamine, but no
  • the acid addition salts of basic compounds are prepared by reacting the free base form with a sufficient amount of desired acid in contact, which is the salt in a conventional manner.
  • the free base can be regenerated by contacting the salt form with a base and isolating the free base in a conventional manner.
  • the free base forms differ, in a sense, from their corresponding salt forms with respect to certain physical ones
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts of the compounds are formed with metals or amines such as alkali metals and alkaline earth metals or organic amines.
  • metals are sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium.
  • Preferred organic amines are N, N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine,
  • Ethylenediamine, N-methyl-D-glucamine and procaine Ethylenediamine, N-methyl-D-glucamine and procaine.
  • the base addition salts of acidic compounds of this invention are prepared by contacting the free acid form with a sufficient amount of the desired base to form the salt in a conventional manner.
  • the free acid can be regenerated by contacting the salt form with an acid and isolating the free acid in a conventional manner.
  • the free acid forms in some sense differ from their corresponding salt forms in terms of certain physical properties such as solubility in polar solvents; However, in the context of the invention, the salts otherwise correspond to their respective free acid forms.
  • a compound according to the invention contains more than one group which can form such pharmaceutically acceptable salts, the invention also encompasses multiple salts. Typical multiple salt forms include
  • Trihydrochloride which is not intended to be limiting.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salt in the present context means an active ingredient which contains a compound in the form of one of its salts, in particular when this salt form is the active ingredient compared to the active ingredient free pharmacokinetic properties of the active ingredient or any other salt form of the active ingredient used previously.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt form of the active ingredient can also be a desired
  • the invention further relates to medicaments containing at least one compound according to the invention and / or their pharmaceutically
  • compositions may be presented in the form of dosage units containing a predetermined amount of active ingredient per unit dose.
  • a unit may, for example, 0.5 mg to 1 g, preferably 1 mg to 700 mg, more preferably 5 mg to 100 mg of a
  • Disease condition the route of administration and the age, weight and condition of the patient, or pharmaceutical formulations may be in the form of dosage units containing a predetermined amount of active ingredient per
  • Preferred unit dosage formulations are those containing a daily or partial dose as indicated above or a corresponding fraction thereof of an active ingredient.
  • Such pharmaceutical formulations can be prepared by any of the methods well known in the pharmaceutical art.
  • Pharmaceutical formulations may be administered by any suitable route, for example, oral (including buccal or sublingual), rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal, sublingual or transdermal), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intravenous)
  • Such formulations can be prepared by any method known in the pharmaceutical art, for example, by bringing the active ingredient together with the carrier (s) or excipient (s).
  • compositions adapted for oral administration may be administered as separate entities, e.g. Capsules or tablets; Powder or granules; Solutions or suspensions in aqueous or non-aqueous liquids; edible foams or foam foods; or oil-in-water liquid emulsions or water-in-oil liquid emulsions.
  • Tablet or capsule the active component with an oral, non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier, such. Ethanol, glycerin, water and the like. combine. Powders are prepared by comminuting the compound to a suitable fine size and mixing it with a similarly comminuted pharmaceutical excipient, e.g. an edible carbohydrate such as starch or mannitol. A flavor, preservative, dispersant and dye may also be present.
  • an oral, non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as Ethanol, glycerin, water and the like.
  • a similarly comminuted pharmaceutical excipient e.g. an edible carbohydrate such as starch or mannitol.
  • a flavor, preservative, dispersant and dye may also be present.
  • Capsules are made by preparing a powder mix as described above and filling shaped gelatin casings therewith. Sliding and
  • Lubricants such as e.g. fumed silica, talc, magnesium stearate,
  • Calcium stearate or polyethylene glycol in solid form can the
  • a disintegrant or Solubilizers such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate or
  • Sodium carbonate may also be added to improve the availability of the drug after ingestion of the capsule.
  • Lubricants and disintegrants as well as dyes are also incorporated into the mixture.
  • Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars, e.g. Glucose or beta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums, e.g. Acacia, tragacanth or nathal alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes, and the like.
  • the lubricants used in these dosage forms include
  • the disintegrators include, but are not limited to, starch, methyl cellulose, agar, bentonite,
  • Xanthan gum and the like The tablets are formulated by, for example, preparing, granulating or dry-pressing a powder mixture
  • a powder mixture is prepared by dissolving the appropriately comminuted compound with a diluent or a base as described above, and optionally with a binder, e.g. Carboxymethylcellulose, an alginate, gelatin or
  • the powder mixture can be granulated by wetting it with a binder such as syrup, starch paste, Acadia slime, or solutions of cellulosic or polymeric materials and pressing it through a sieve.
  • the powder mixture can be run through a tabletting machine to produce non-uniformly shaped lumps which are broken up into granules.
  • the granules may be greased by the addition of stearic acid, a stearate salt, talc or mineral oil to prevent sticking to the tablet molds. The greased mixture is then compressed into tablets.
  • the compounds according to the invention can also be combined with a free-flowing inert carrier and then pressed directly into tablets without carrying out the granulation or dry-pressing steps.
  • a transparent or opaque protective layer consisting of a shellac sealant, a layer of sugar or polymeric material, and a glossy layer of wax may be present.
  • Coatings can be added to dyes to differentiate between different dosage units.
  • Oral fluids e.g. Solution, syrups and elixirs may be prepared in unit dosage form such that a given quantity contains a predetermined amount of the compound.
  • Syrups can be made by dissolving the compound in an appropriate taste aqueous solution while elixirs using a
  • Non-toxic alcoholic vehicle Suspensions can be formulated by dispersing the compound in a non-toxic vehicle.
  • Solubilizers and emulsifiers e.g. ethoxylated
  • the unit dosage formulations for oral administration may optionally be encapsulated in microcapsules.
  • the formulation may also be prepared to prolong or retard the release, such as by coating or embedding particulate material in polymers, wax, and the like.
  • Derivatives thereof can also be in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles.
  • Liposomes can also be in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles. Liposomes can be in the form of liposome delivery systems, such as small unilamellar vesicles, large unilamellar
  • phospholipids e.g. Cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.
  • Derivatives thereof can also be delivered using monoclonal antibodies as individual carriers to which the compound molecules are coupled.
  • the compounds can also be coupled with soluble polymers as targeted drug carriers.
  • Such polymers may include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamidephenol, polyhydroxyethylaspartamidephenol or polyethyleneoxide polylysine substituted with palmitoyl radicals.
  • the compounds may be coupled to a class of biodegradable polymers suitable for controlled release of a drug, eg, polylactic acid, polyepsilone-caprolactone, polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydroxypyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross-linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels , l * t se • in.
  • a drug eg, polylactic acid, polyepsilone-caprolactone, polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydroxypyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross-linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels , l * t se • in.
  • Formulations may be presented as discrete plasters for prolonged, intimate contact with the epidermis of the recipient.
  • the drug may be delivered from the patch by iontophoresis as generally described in Pharmaceutical Research, 3 (6), 318 (1986).
  • Pharmaceutical compounds adapted for topical administration may be formulated as ointments, creams, suspensions, lotions, powders, solutions, pastes, gels, sprays, aerosols or oils.
  • the formulations are preferably as topical ointment or Cream applied.
  • the active ingredient may be either paraffinic or water-miscible
  • Cream base can be used.
  • the active ingredient may be formulated into a cream with an oil-in-water cream base or a water-in-oil base
  • eye drops wherein the active ingredient in a
  • suitable carrier in particular an aqueous solvent, dissolved or suspended.
  • M C formulations include lozenges, lozenges and mouthwashes.
  • compositions adapted for rectal administration may be presented in the form of suppositories or enemas.
  • compositions adapted for nasal administration in which the vehicle is a solid contain a coarse powder having a particle size, for example, in the range of 20-500 microns, which is administered in the manner in which snuff is taken up, i.e., 25%. by rapid inhalation via the nasal passages from a container held close to the nose with the powder.
  • Administration as a nasal spray or nasal drops with a liquid as a carrier substance comprise solutions of active substance in water or oil.
  • Formulations include fine particulate dusts or mists, which may be supplied by various types of pressurized dosing dispensers
  • Aerosols, nebulizers or insufflators can be generated.
  • compositions adapted for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations.
  • compositions adapted for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions containing antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the recipient to be treated; as well as aqueous and non-aqueous sterile
  • Suspensions which may contain suspending agents and thickeners.
  • the formulations may be administered in single or multiple dose containers, e.g. sealed ampoules and vials, presented and in
  • sterile carrier liquid e.g. Water for injections
  • Injection solutions and suspensions may be sterile powders
  • Granules and tablets are produced.
  • formulations in addition to the above particularly mentioned ingredients, may contain other conventional agents in the art with respect to the particular type of formulation; for example, formulations suitable for oral administration may contain flavorings.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a compound will depend on a number of factors, including e.g. the age and weight of the animal, the exact condition of the disease requiring treatment, and his
  • an effective amount of a compound of the invention for the treatment of neoplastic growth, eg, colon or breast carcinoma will generally range from 0.1 to 100 mg / kg body weight of the recipient (mammal) per day and more typically in the range of 1 to 10 mg / kg body weight per day.
  • the actual amount per day would usually be between 70 and 700 mg, this amount as a single dose per day or more commonly in a number of divided doses (such as two, three, four, five or six) per Day can be given, so that the
  • Total daily dose is the same.
  • An effective amount of a salt or solvate or a physiologically functional derivative thereof can be determined as a proportion of the effective amount of the compound of the invention per se. It can be assumed that similar dosages for the
  • the invention furthermore relates to medicaments containing at least one compound according to the invention and / or their pharmaceuticals
  • the invention is also a set (kit), consisting of separate packages of
  • the set contains suitable containers, such as boxes or boxes, individual
  • Bottles, sachets or ampoules may e.g. separate ampoules containing, in each case, an effective amount of a
  • the medicaments of Table 1 are combined with the compounds according to the invention.
  • Taxoprexin (Protarga)
  • Thymidylate pemetrexed (EIi Lilly) Nolatrexed (Eximias) synthase ZD-9331 (BTG) CoFactor TM (BioKeys)
  • TNF-alpha-virulizine (Lorus Revimid (Celgene)
  • Retinoic acid Fenretinide Johnson & Alitretinoin (Ligand) Receptor Agonist Johnson
  • SRL-172 T-cell stimulant, agent, Leo
  • TLK-286 glutthione-S- (differentiator, NIH)
  • CDA-II Apoptosis promoter, promoter, La Roche
  • SDX-101 (Apoptosis promoter, Pharmacia)
  • the compounds of the formula I are combined with those with known anticancer agents:
  • anticancer agents include the following:
  • the present compounds are particularly suitable for co-administration with radiotherapy.
  • the synergistic effects of inhibition of VEGF in combination with radiotherapy are in the
  • Estrogen receptor modulators refers to compounds that interfere with or inhibit the binding of estrogen to the receptor, regardless of how this occurs: Estrogen receptor modulators include, for example, tamoxifen, raloxifene, idoxifen, LY353381, LY 117081, toremifene, fulvestrant , 4- [7- (2,2-Dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy-4-methyl-2- [4- [2- (1-piperidinyl) ethoxy] phenyl] -2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl] phenyl -2,2-dimethyl-propanoate, 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone and
  • “androgen receptor modulators” refers to compounds that interfere with or inhibit the binding of androgens to the receptor, regardless of how this occurs.
  • “Androgen receptor modulators include, for example, finasteride and other 5 ⁇ -reductase inhibitors, nilutamide.
  • Retinoid receptor modulators refers to compounds that interfere with or inhibit the binding of retinoids to the receptor, regardless of how this occurs Such retinoid receptor modulators include, for example, bexarotene, tretinoin, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 9-cis
  • Retinoic acid ⁇ -difluoromethylornithine, ILX23-7553, trans-N- (4'-hydroxyphenyl) -retinamide and N-4-carboxyphenylretinamide.
  • Cytotoxic agents refers to compounds that are primarily derived from direct
  • alkylating agents include alkylating agents, tumor necrosis factors, intercalators, microtubulin inhibitors and topoisomerase inhibitors.
  • the cytotoxic agents include, for example, tirapazimine, sertenef, cachectin,
  • Dibromodulcite ranimustine, fotemustine, nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, temozolomide, heptaplatin, estramustine, improvosulfan-tosylate, trofosfamide, nimustine, dibrospidium chloride, pumitepa, lobaplatin, satraplatin, profiromycin, cisplatin, infulvene, dexifosfamide, cis-amine dichloro ( 2-methylpyridine) platinum, benzylguanine, 5
  • MEN10755 and 4-desmethoxy-3-desamino-3-aziridinyl-4-methylsulfonyl-daunorubicin see WO 00/50032, but this is not intended to be limiting.
  • microtubulin inhibitors include, for example, paclitaxel, vindesine sulfate, S '' '- dideshydro' '- desoxy- ⁇ '-norvincaleukoblastin, docetaxol, rhizoxin, dolastatin, mivobulinisethionate, auristatin, cemadotin, RPR109881,
  • BMS184476 vinflunine, cryptophycin, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-N- (3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl) benzenesulfonamide, anhydrovinblastine, N, N-dimethyl-L-valyl-L-valyl-N-methyl -L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline t-butylamide, TDX258 and BMS188797.
  • Topoisomerase inhibitors are for example topotecan, hycaptamine,
  • Antiproliferative agents include antisense RNA and DNA oligonucleotides such as G3139, ODN698, RVASKRAS, GEM231, and INX3001, as well as antimetabolites such as enocitabine, carmofur, tegafur, pentostatin,
  • ocfosfate Fosteabin Nathic Hydrate, Raltitrexed, Paltitrexide, Emitefur, Tiazofurin, Decitabine, Nolatrexed, Pemetrexed, Nelzarabin, 2'-Deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine, 2'-fluoromethylene-2'-deoxycytidine, N- [5- 2,3-DihydrobenzofuryOsulfonyl-N'-C5 -dichlorophenyl urea, N6- [4-deoxy-4- [N2- [2 (E), 4 (E) -
  • the "antiproliferative agents" also include other monoclonal antibodies to growth factors than
  • angiogenesis inhibitors such as trastuzu-mab
  • tumor suppressor genes such as p53
  • Particularly preferred is the use of the compounds of the formula I for the treatment and prophylaxis of tumors and / or tumor diseases and for the prophylaxis of cancer diseases.
  • the tumor is preferably selected from the group of tumors of the
  • the tumor is furthermore preferably selected from the group
  • Lung adenocarcinoma small cell lung carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, ovarian carcinoma, glioblastoma, colon carcinoma and
  • a tumor of the blood and immune system preferably for the treatment of a tumor selected from the group of acute myelotic leukemia, chronic myelotic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and / or chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
  • the invention includes the treatment of a patient having a neoplasm, such as a cancer, by administering a compound of formula (I) in combination with an antiproliferative agent.
  • a neoplasm such as a cancer
  • an antiproliferative agent include those in Table 1
  • “usual workup” means adding water if necessary, adjusting to pH values between 2 and 10, if necessary, depending on the constitution of the final product, extracted with ethyl acetate or dichloromethane, separating, drying organic phase over
  • APCI-MS atmospheric pressure chemical ionization - mass spectrometry
  • Wavelength 254 nm (detector: Waters 2488 Mux-UV Detector)
  • Solvent A water + 0.05% CHOOH
  • Solvent B acetonitrile + 0.04% CHOOH Wavelength: 220 nm (detector: L-7455)
  • Solvent A water + 0.05% formic acid
  • Solvent B acetonitrile + 0.04% formic acid
  • Solvent A water + 0.05% formic acid
  • Solvent B acetonitrile + 0.04% formic acid
  • Acetonitrile collect from 2 to 11 min
  • Solvent B water + 0.1% formic acid
  • Solvent B water + 0.1% formic acid
  • Solvent B water + 0.1% TFA WL: 220 nm
  • thermometer and N 2 - transfer tube precursor 5 (708 mg, 2.9 mmol) in 20 ml of dichloromethane and are added to 1.7 ml of DIPEA.
  • the solution is cooled to 0 ° C. and, while stirring, a solution of 900 mg (3 mmol) of educt 4 in 10 ml
  • Reactant 8 100 mg, 0.3 mmol
  • 3,3-dimethylbutyric acid 9 32.3 mg, 0.3 mmol
  • 63.3 mg (0.33 mmol) of DAPECI and 50.5 mg (0.33 mmol) of HOBT hydrate are added and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 h.
  • Reactant 12 (3.1 g, 6.6 mmol) is dissolved in 30 ml of THF with 442 ml of hydrogen to 1.5 g
  • Methylmorpholine (10 mg, 0.1 mmol) is dissolved in 2 ml DMF in a flask. Then 25 mg (0.1 mmol) of EDCI and 20 mg (0.1 mmol) of HOBT are added and the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperature for 14 h. The yellow reaction mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and water added. The organic phase is separated off, with water and saturated

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des composés de formule (I), dans laquelle R, R1, R2, X, X1, Y, Y1, Q, E, n1 et n2 ont les significations données dans la revendication 1. Ces composés sont des inhibiteurs d'autotaxine et peuvent être utilisés pour le traitement de tumeurs.
EP10725398A 2009-07-16 2010-06-17 Composés hétérocycliques en tant qu'inhibiteurs d'autotaxine Withdrawn EP2454258A1 (fr)

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DE102009033392A DE102009033392A1 (de) 2009-07-16 2009-07-16 Heterocyclische Verbindungen als Autotaxin-Inhibitoren II
PCT/EP2010/003661 WO2011006569A1 (fr) 2009-07-16 2010-06-17 Composés hétérocycliques en tant qu'inhibiteurs d'autotaxine

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ANONYMOUS: "ZINC04235851", 16 November 2005 (2005-11-16), XP055113423, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://zinc.docking.org/substance/4235851> [retrieved on 20140410] *
ANONYMOUS: "ZINC04235852", 16 November 2005 (2005-11-16), XP055113412, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://zinc.docking.org/substance/4235852> [retrieved on 20140410] *
ANONYMOUS: "ZINC04235917", 16 November 2005 (2005-11-16), XP055113425, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://zinc.docking.org/substance/4235917> [retrieved on 20140410] *
ANONYMOUS: "ZINC12604956", 19 May 2008 (2008-05-19), XP055113494, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://zinc.docking.org/substance/12604956> [retrieved on 20140410] *
ANONYMOUS: "ZINC12605104", 19 May 2008 (2008-05-19), XP055113493, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://zinc.docking.org/substance/12605104> [retrieved on 20140410] *
JOHN IRWIN ET AL: "ZINC--a free database of commercially available compounds for virtual screening.", JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING, vol. 45, no. 1, 1 January 2005 (2005-01-01), pages 177 - 182, XP055113478, ISSN: 1549-9596, DOI: 10.1021/ci049714+ *
See also references of WO2011006569A1 *

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DE102009033392A1 (de) 2011-01-20
ZA201201124B (en) 2012-11-28
MX2012000609A (es) 2012-01-27
IL217466A0 (en) 2012-02-29
BR112012000792A2 (pt) 2016-02-23
CA2768095A1 (fr) 2011-01-20
JP2012532901A (ja) 2012-12-20
SG177522A1 (en) 2012-02-28
AU2010272922A1 (en) 2012-03-08
US20120115852A1 (en) 2012-05-10
EA201200119A1 (ru) 2012-07-30
WO2011006569A1 (fr) 2011-01-20

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