EP2449187B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von fasermaterial-anordnungen zur herstellung einer stützkonstruktion und mit dem verfahren hergestellte anordnung. - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung von fasermaterial-anordnungen zur herstellung einer stützkonstruktion und mit dem verfahren hergestellte anordnung. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2449187B1
EP2449187B1 EP10742023.4A EP10742023A EP2449187B1 EP 2449187 B1 EP2449187 B1 EP 2449187B1 EP 10742023 A EP10742023 A EP 10742023A EP 2449187 B1 EP2449187 B1 EP 2449187B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wedge
end portions
longitudinal axis
tube
densification
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EP10742023.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2449187A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-François Maurice BOCQUET
Pascal André Jean TOUSSAINT
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Universite de Lorraine
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Universite de Lorraine
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • E04B1/2604—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/125—End caps therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/127—The tensile members being made of fiber reinforced plastics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1348—Cellular material derived from plant or animal source [e.g., wood, cotton, wool, leather, etc.]

Definitions

  • connection assemblies for the manufacture of connection assemblies, maintenance or other, formed of a fibrous material, such as wood or bamboo, involved in the development of a building structure or of any construction, of the frame type or other element of infrastructure, or for street furniture, furniture etc ...
  • the invention also relates to the assemblies obtained by this method as well as the structures using such assemblies suitably connected to one another or to other elements involved in the design and construction of these structures.
  • natural fibrous materials such as wood in its various species or some plants such as bamboo, which is a woody herb capable of producing with a great speed in time of the hollow stems or relatively hardy stubble, which can have a very large longitudinal dimension with separations or nodes distributed along its length, have been used in various forms since the earliest times in the field of architecture, in particular for forming parts and also assembly elements of these parts, involved in the production of support or other structures of various constructions, because of their mechanical characteristics that are inherently interesting to withstand forces exerted in certain directions vis-à-vis these parts, and also for reasons of aesthetics or ecological.
  • Requirement WO 01/42584 discloses a method of manufacturing a prestressed structure. This process is different from that of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a process which overcomes the drawbacks of conventional methods using assemblies of parts made of fibrous materials, making it possible to reduce to a particularly significant extent the effects of transverse shear forces, which are, if necessary, intermittently exerted on the parts that form the assembly during their mutual connection or with other elements of the structure to be produced, this method providing assemblies with high mechanical performance whose rigidity is also improved, which limits the possible relative movements of the parts in assemblies of the same structure, giving them an increased capacity for energy dissipation in the event of seismic shock in particular.
  • the method considered, for the manufacture of an assembly of this kind capable of coming into play in the production of a support structure said assembly consisting of parts made of a fibrous material forming an element at least in part recessed hollow, with a longitudinal axis of symmetry delimiting an internal zone and an external zone, is characterized in that it consists in producing on the two end portions of the elongate hollow element a localized densification of the fibrous material, to exercise, simultaneously with or following this densification, on each of the two end portions of the elongate hollow element, tensile forces outwardly and in opposite directions of one another along its longitudinal axis to create an axial prestressing force of determined value, and to maintain the elongated hollow element in this state of prestressing during the implementation of the assembly in the structure.
  • the densification of the fibrous material is carried out according to a mechanical process capable of reducing, or even eliminating, the cellular voids in the material, obtained thanks to a radial compressive force exerted on each of the two end portions of the elongated hollow element according to a direction perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.
  • the compression force exerted varies in its intensity along the length of each end portion, being maximum at the free end of the elongate and minimal hollow element at a distance thereof, depending on the length of this portion.
  • the compression force exerted has a gradient increasing steadily along the length of each end portion of the hollow member.
  • the densification of the fibrous material is performed by reducing its porosity following a forced injection of a polymer or other similar substance into this material in each of the two end portions of the elongate hollow member.
  • the densification of the fibrous material can be achieved by the combination of a compressive force and by injection of a polymer.
  • the prestressing force in each of the end portions of the elongated hollow element is formed by placing, on the one hand, an inner connecting member of generally conical shape, in contact with each other. close with the hollow element elongate in the inner zone, this member being secured to means adapted to exert an outward tensile force along the longitudinal axis of the element and, on the other hand, a hollow housing , fixed, surrounding the element in its outer zone being immobilized with respect thereto, so that the longitudinal displacement of the inner connecting member in the inner zone under the effect of the axial tensile force creates, by cooperation with the fixed casing in the external zone, an increasing prestressing of the fibrous material which increases with this force, the mutual blocking of the connecting member with respect to the casing then being ensured for many years. set the prestressing to its value thus obtained.
  • the assembly carried out by the implementation of this method can correspond to many variants, whose common or particular characteristics are also part of the present invention.
  • the elongate hollow member made of fibrous material, uses two pieces which are plane, in the form of planks or slats of wood, identical, plane and mutually spaced, substantially parallel to one another over most of their length and symmetrical to each other vis-à-vis the longitudinal axis of the element, the end portions of these two boards being close together mutually and each having a thinning, preferably progressive, due to the force exerted on these portions to produce their densification by mechanical compression and / or forced injection of a polymer, the inner binding member having the shape of a wedge pyramidal, cooperating with a traction rod disposed along the longitudinal axis of the element to enable the prestressing force to be exerted on this wedge, this pyramidal wedge comprising two opposite flat faces in contact with the facing faces of the end portions two boards directed towards the inner zone, the fixed hollow casing, surrounding the end portions of the two boards in the outer zone, having an open end for the introduction of the element and a bottom plate, opposite this open end
  • the bottom plate of the housing has a bore in the longitudinal axis of the element for the passage of the pull rod of the pyramidal corner.
  • the end of the pull rod is threaded and cooperates with a lock nut of the housing relative to the pyramidal corner to maintain the prestressing created on the assembly following the tensile force exerted on this corner according to the longitudinal axis of the element.
  • the fixed housing comprises, in its inner surface in contact with the faces of the end portions of the two boards of the element directed towards the external zone, stiffening ribs, preferably extending parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of this element.
  • the hollow housing is made by means of a metal sheet, shaped to surround the end portions of the two boards of the element, adapted to be stamped from the outside to achieve its crimping vis-à-vis the pyramidal corner forming the inner connecting member, in order to maintain the prestressing created on the assembly.
  • the elongated hollow element is constituted by a wooden tube, preferably obtained according to the so-called "glued laminate" technique, having end portions that have been previously densified by mechanical compression and / or forced injection of a polymer, the inner connecting member being constituted by a rigid wedge of conical or frustoconical shape, having a through axial passage, this wedge being adapted to be engaged and displaced along the longitudinal axis of the element in the cylindrical bore of an intermediate sleeve radially expansible and forced into it to create, by the displacement of the wedge along the axis, the prestressing force exerted on the end portions of the wooden tube, the fixed housing being formed a metal ring surrounding the tube externally in these end portions.
  • the radially expandable intermediate sleeve is formed of independent adjacent lamellae delimiting the cylindrical bore of this sleeve and able to expand radially under the effect of the displacement of the rigid wedge in this cylindrical bore. along the longitudinal axis of the element, creating the prestressing force.
  • the end of the conical wedge has circular grooves formed in its outer surface in planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, these grooves forming successive notches for the locking of this corner vis-à-vis the intermediate sleeve cooperating with homologous grooves provided in the adjacent strips of this sleeve, facing the corner.
  • the displacement of the conical wedge in the intermediate sleeve is carried out by means of a cylindrical swab, able to slide in the axial passage passing through the wedge and comprising at the end support pins adapted to exert on this wedge a axial force, causing the prestressing of the end portions of the tube by engagement of the wedge in the radially expandable sleeve.
  • the lugs of the swab are retractable inside thereof, to allow its removal from the corner, after the prestressing force has been achieved.
  • the metal ring forming the fixed outer casing advantageously comprises an end thread, forming a screw, adapted to cooperate with a homologous thread, forming a nut, provided in an adjacent tube, arranged in the longitudinal axis of the hollow tube of the element , by connecting the two tubes in the assembly.
  • the elongated hollow element is constituted by a bamboo tube whose end portions are split longitudinally and strongly narrowed towards the longitudinal axis, in order to give the tube in these portions a conical shape where the bamboo is densified, the prestressing of the tube being carried out, preferably simultaneously with the densification, by the cooperation of a conical wedge engaged in the inner zone of the element to the right of each end portion, and a fixed outer housing, also of conical shape, surrounding this end portion, the wedge comprising a rod of axial traction to create the prestressing force in the bamboo tube by simultaneously increasing its densification.
  • reference numeral 1 illustrates, in schematic perspective view, the essential parts of a support structure, here a sub-stretched floor, comprising a platform 2, in one piece or formed of slabs or horizontal slats (not shown), this platform being surrounded by a lateral belt 3 and resting on a set of support joists 4, intersecting and from which extend vertical stiffening rods 5, distributed at the junction points of the joists.
  • connection assemblies 6 which extend transversely under the platform 2, parallel or not to the latter and which are intended to take up the bending or extension forces exerted on the structure during its use in particular, thus being subjected to transverse tensile and shear stress, sometimes very high.
  • connection assemblies 6 To enable these connection assemblies 6 to be made of a fibrous material, in particular wood, while avoiding that these stresses lead to a rapid and dangerous break, the invention proposes to subject them during their manufacture, before assembly and connection with the structure, a particular treatment that increases in particular their resistance to the above-mentioned constraints and makes it possible to benefit, for such a use, the advantages peculiar to the use of wood as regards the criteria of cost, ease of machining and aesthetics.
  • the assembly 6 shown consists essentially of two pieces of wood 7 and 8 ( Figure 2 ), which are in the form of two elongated wooden boards, parallelepipedal, identical to each other, brightened, that is to say each having only sharp edges, these boards, relatively thin and narrow relative to their length, being arranged symmetrically and parallel to each other with respect to an axis 9.
  • Plates 7 and 8 thus arranged relative to one another together form a hollow and elongated element 10, with an internal zone 11 containing the axis 9, and an outer zone 12, on the opposite side.
  • the boards 7 and 8 of the element 10 forming the assembly 6 also have at their two ends, end portions 13, preferably exactly identical, which each extend between the transverse free end 14 of the board and a limit 15, located at a calculated distance from this end ( Figure 3 ).
  • each of these end portions 13 undergoes, before bonding the two boards 7 and 8 between them in the hollow element 10 and preloaded to the right of this connection as specified hereinafter, a significant compression, suitable to achieve in the wood a densification of the fibrous material, by applying a force exerted on each board perpendicularly to its plane in the direction of the axis 9.
  • the intensity of this compression force is maximum right of the transverse free end 14 of each end portion 13 and minimum at the limit 15, at a distance from this end.
  • the variation of this effort along the length of this portion increases with a regular gradient, the resulting compression of the wood also changing continuously to give the end portion concerned, seen from profile, a substantially conical shape, thinner at the end and thicker at a distance.
  • the compression of the end portions of the wooden boards forming the element 10 and consequently the resulting densification effect is achieved by any suitable mechanical process which does not matter to the invention and which is therefore not here described in detail, for example by means of a jack which applies on the board, supported by a transverse block, a progressive force deforming the fibrous material between the cylinder and an anvil, including reducing or eliminating, depending on the value of the effort exerted, the cellular voids within this material.
  • This densification can also be carried out by injection under increasing pressure of a polymer into the wood, thereby limiting its porosity, and even combining these two processes.
  • the element 10, formed of the two wooden planks 7 and 8 whose end portions 13 have thus been densified and therefore shaped to present the aforementioned profile, are then associated, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 , to an inner connecting member 17, which in the embodiment shown, has the shape of a pyramidal corner 18, with flat faces 19 and 20 opposite, inclined on the longitudinal axis 9 and clean, in the area internal 11 of the element 10, to come in close contact with the facing planar faces 21 and 22 of the two boards, on either side of the longitudinal axis 9, in the corresponding end portion.
  • the pyramidal wedge 18 is arranged to be freely traversed by a pull rod 23, arranged in the direction of the longitudinal axis 9 and having at its end located in the inner zone 11 of the element 10, a head 24 forming abutment abutment on the flat face 25 which delimits the rear part of the wedge.
  • the pull rod 23 is preferably threaded and cooperates with a nut forming the head 24 as shown in the detail view of the Figure 6 . It has a length sufficient to extend beyond the end portions 13 of the boards 7 and 8 at the end of the element 10, once the pyramidal wedge 18 has been placed in the latter between the boards, with its two flat faces 19 and 20 in contact with the facing faces 21 and 22 of the latter, after slight bending of these boards to achieve this contact.
  • the pyramidal corner 18 is simultaneously associated with a fixed hollow housing 27 ( Figure 5 ), able to surround the element 10 in its outer zone 12 to the right of the end portions 13 of the two planks 7 and 8, this housing being thus immobilized with respect to these two planks after engagement of their ends through an open portion 28 of it, suitably shaped to achieve the aforementioned bending and the close contact between the corner and the two boards.
  • the hollow housing 27 comprises stiffening ribs 29 and 30, which extend preferably parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the axis 9, in order to improve the rigidity of this housing, in particular to withstand the prestressing force exerted on the assembly according to the invention.
  • the housing also comprises a bottom plate 31, extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis 9 and provided with a central bore 32 for the passage of the end of the pull rod 23, the nut which forms the head 24 abuts on the flat face 25 of the pyramidal corner 18.
  • the pyramidal wedge 18a constituting the internal connecting member is in the form of a solid metal plate 36, beveled, extended beyond the end of the end portions 13 of the element 10, by a tongue 37 on which can be exerted the axial tension force performing the prestressing of the two wooden boards 7 and 8 in the manner explained above.
  • the fixed housing 27a which surrounds these two end portions, is here produced by means of a metal sheet 38, in the form of a sleeve open at both ends, this sleeve being capable of being stamped once the level of prestressing achieved, by immobilizing the wedge 18a in position by a crimping effect of the sheet vis-à-vis the element 10, the tensile force exerted on this corner can then be released while preserving the level of prestressing reached .
  • a third embodiment of the assembly according to the invention is illustrated on the Figures 10 to 17 , where the pieces of wood that produce the hollow and elongated element are constituted by cylindrical tubes obtained by the conventional technique called "glued laminated", the wood fibers preferably extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of this tube.
  • an assembly 40 formed by means of two assemblies 41 and 42, each comprising an elongated hollow element, respectively 43 and 44, constituted by a cylindrical tube, respectively 45 and 46 of the aforementioned type, the fixed outer casings associated with these hollow elements to create, in accordance with the method of the invention, the prestressing force in the end portions of this element, consisting of metal rings 47 and 48, surrounding the two tubes externally and crimped or otherwise immobilized vis-à-vis -vis of these.
  • the metal rings 47 and 48 of the tubes 45 and 46 comprise an external thread 49, able to cooperate with a common connecting washer 50, having a counterpart internal thread 51 to ensure the union of the two elements 43 and 44. , placed end to end and in the extension of one another along a common longitudinal axis 52.
  • the connecting washer may be integral with one of the rings and be directly connected to the other ring.
  • each of the end portions 53 of the hollow elements of the two assemblies is previously densified by transverse compression and / or forced injection of a polymer, this preliminary operation, carried out in the manner already described in connection with the first embodiment of the invention.
  • embodiment envisaged previously giving in particular to this portion a conical profile, gradually tapering towards the open end of the tube as a result of a compressive force whose value increases as we get closer to this end , as can be seen in sectional views with partial tearing of the element 43, shown on the Figures 16 and 17 .
  • the frustoconical corner 54 illustrated in perspective and in axial section on the Figures 12 and 13 respectively, comprises, provided along its axis of revolution intended to coincide with the longitudinal axis of the tube forming the hollow element when the wedge is implemented, a cylindrical bore 56, passing through the corner from one end to the other.
  • the wedge 54 has, formed in its outer surface 57, successive circular grooves 58, able to form locking notches of the position of the corner vis-à-vis the intermediate sleeve, the manner specified below.
  • the expandable intermediate sleeve 55 is for its part represented in perspective view on the Figure 14 . It is constituted by the juxtaposition of a set of adjacent lamellae 59, one of which is illustrated on the Figure 15 .
  • This sleeve 55 has, once its various blades 58 assembled, an outer surface 60 whose profile is conical and whose inclination on the longitudinal axis 52 corresponds substantially to that of the end portion 53 of the tube 45 forming the hollow member 43. It comprises an internal cylindrical bore 61 intended to receive the wedge 54 until the latter, following its displacement inside the tube 45 according to the direction of this longitudinal axis, reaches a locking position where one or more of the circular grooves 58 formed in the outer surface of the wedge engage with homologous grooves 62, made in the adjacent lamellae 59 on the side of the cylindrical bore 61 of the sleeve 55.
  • the prestressing of the end portion 53 of the tube 45, held externally by the metal ring 47, is achieved by sliding the rigid wedge 54 along the longitudinal axis 52 of the tube, in the internal cylindrical bore 61 of the sleeve 55 by creating, due to the conical profile of this sleeve in its outer surface 60 and the thrust exerted on the adjacent lamellae 59, a transverse force which increases with the amplitude of this displacement until, once the prestressing level has reached, the wedge locks in position relative to the sleeve and as a result of the end portion 53, by cooperation of the respective circular grooves 58 formed in the outer surface 57 of the wedge and 62 in the inner surface 61 of the sleeve.
  • axial traction displacement of the wedge in the sleeve is achieved by any appropriate means.
  • a cylindrical swab 63 is advantageously used, the diameter of which corresponds substantially to that of the bore 56 of the frustoconical wedge 54, this swab comprising retractable bearing lugs 64, able to project outwardly. of the swab to abut on the top of the wedge to allow it to drive the latter inside the sleeve 55 in the direction of the axis 52 to achieve the prestressing of the end portion of the tube of the way indicated above.
  • the bearing lugs 64 can be retracted, allowing the swab 63 to slide freely relative to the bore 56 and be extracted from the hollow element 43, without the acquired level of prestressing being modified.
  • Yet another embodiment, illustrated on the Figures 18 to 21 is more particularly applicable to the production of an assembly where the hollow and elongated element is constituted by a bamboo tube.
  • Such a tube or thatch is illustrated on the Figure 18 this tube 70 being formed of a succession of sections 71, separated from one to the next by a node 72.
  • Each end portion 73 of the tube 70 is initially made conical by practicing therein slots 74, preferably regularly distributed in its circumference, these slots to strongly shrink the bamboo towards the axis 75 of this tube, as represented on the Figure 19 , giving it a proper conical profile.
  • the prestressing force is then created using, as in the first embodiment described above, an internal connecting member 76 in the form of a cone, pierced with a central bore 77 allowing the passage of a threaded rod 78, a nut 79 fixed at the end of the rod and forming a bearing abutment on the cone and an external fixed casing 80, also of conical shape, able to surround and immobilize the terminal portion corresponding 73 from the outside, as shown in exploded view on the Figure 20 and on a larger scale in perspective on the Figure 21 .
  • the threaded rod 78 cooperates with an external locking nut 81, once the prestressing level has been reached.
  • the invention thus proposes a method for making assemblies of pieces of wood or other similar fibrous material, which allows, while benefiting from the aesthetics generally due to the use of this material in many areas such as building , the civil engineering, street furniture, furniture etc .., to eliminate in a particularly effective way, the causes of breaks induced in the connection areas between the parts of this assembly or related assemblies related to the previous, because the fragility of this material in certain directions, by the members providing this connection, particularly vis-à-vis transverse tensile forces and shear created in these parts during the installation of these bodies.
  • the method envisaged makes it more particularly possible for these connecting zones to be no longer the weak point of the structures using such assemblies, guaranteeing their maximum loading level without the risk of dislocations or slits, these assemblies having, in addition, an improved ductility and consequently a significant capacity of dissipation of energy, in particular in case of accidental shocks or shakes in situation of earthquake in particular.
  • the assemblies thus created use all the natural resistance of the fibrous material in longitudinal traction, the connecting members not introducing parasitic forces in this direction.
  • densification and prestressing of the parts used considerably increase their rigidity and their shear strength, which also reduces the displacements induced in the structures themselves.
  • the prestressed element of the assembly formed of two edged or wooden boards or a tubular element, also of wood or bamboo, is hollow throughout its length.
  • elements that are essentially solid, only hollowed out or slotted in their end parts in order to mount the parts of the wedge or other kind, suitable for effecting the prestressing of the element at the end. right of these terminal parts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von einer Anordnung, die geeignet ist, bei der Herstellung einer Stützstruktur ins Spiel zu kommen, wobei die Anordnung aus Teilen (7, 8) aus einem Fasermaterial gebildet wird, die ein mindestens teilweise hohles, längliches Element (10) mit einer Längssymmetrieachse (9) bilden, das einen inneren Bereich (11) und einen äußeren Bereich (12) begrenzt, wobei das Verfahren darin besteht, auf den zwei Endabschnitten (13) des länglichen hohlen Elements ein lokalisiertes Verdichten des Fasermaterials zu erstellen, gleichzeitig mit oder nach diesem Verdichten auf jeden der zwei Endbereiche des länglichen hohlen Elements Zugkräfte nach außen und in einander entgegengesetzte Richtungen entlang seiner Längsachse auszuüben, um eine axiale Vorspannkraft von einem bestimmten Wert zu erzeugen und um das längliche hohle Element während der Durchführung der Montage in die Struktur in diesem Vorspannzustand zu halten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verdichten des Fasermaterials nach einem mechanischen Vorgang durchgeführt wird, der geeignet ist, die Zellhohlräume in dem Material zu reduzieren oder zu beseitigen, der durch eine radiale Druckkraft erhalten wird, die auf jeden der zwei Endbereiche des länglichen hohlen Elements in eine Richtung ausgeübt wird, die senkrecht zu seiner Längsachse ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ausgeübte Druckkraft in ihrer Intensität nach der Länge von jedem Endabschnitt (13) variiert, wobei sie am freien Ende (14) des länglichen hohlen Elements maximal und in Entfernung (15) von diesem nach der Länge dieses Abschnitts minimal ist.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ausgeübte Druckkraft einen Gradienten aufweist, der nach der Länge von jedem Endabschnitt (13) des hohlen Elements regelmäßig ansteigt.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verdichten des Fasermaterials durch Verringern seiner Porosität infolge eines forcierten Einspritzens eines Polymers oder eines ähnlichen Stoffes in dieses Material in jedem der zwei Endabschnitte des länglichen hohlen Elements durchgeführt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verdichten des Fasermaterials durch das Kombinieren einer Druckkraft und durch Einspritzen eines Polymers durchgeführt wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorspannkraft in jedem der Endabschnitte (13) des länglichen hohlen Elements durch Anordnen einerseits eines inneren Verbindungsorgans (18) von im Allgemeinen konischer Form in direktem Kontakt mit dem länglichen hohlen Element in dem inneren Bereich (11), wobei dieses Organ mit Mitteln (23, 24) verbunden ist, die geeignet sind, eine Zugkraft nach außen entlang der Längsachse des Elements auszuüben, und andererseits eines festen hohlen Gehäuses (27), das das Element in seinem äußeren Bereich umgibt, indem es relativ zu diesem immobilisiert wird, derart erstellt wird, dass die Längsverschiebung des inneren Verbindungsorgans in dem inneren Bereich unter der Wirkung der axialen Zugkraft durch Zusammenwirken mit dem festen Gehäuse in dem äußeren Bereich eine zunehmende Vorspannung des Fasermaterials erzeugt, die mit dieser Kraft ansteigt, wobei das gegenseitige Blockieren des Verbindungsorgans gegenüber von dem Gehäuse dann gewährleistet wird, um die Vorspannung auf ihrem auf diese Weise erhaltenen Wert zu halten.
  7. Anordnung, die geeignet ist, bei der Herstellung einer Stützkonstruktur ins Spiel zu kommen, die aus Teilen (7, 8) aus einem Fasermaterial gebildet ist, die ein mindestens teilweise hohles, längliches Element (10) mit einer Längssymmetrieachse (9) bilden, das einen inneren Bereich (11) und einen äußeren Bereich (12) begrenzt, wobei die zwei Endabschnitte (13) dieses länglichen hohlen Elements ein lokalisiertes Verdichten des Fasermaterials erfahren und gleichzeitig mit oder nach diesem Verdichten auf jedem der zwei Endbereiche des länglichen hohlen Elements Zugkräfte nach außen und in einander entgegengesetzte Richtungen entlang seiner Längsachse erlitten haben, um eine axiale Vorspannkraft von einem bestimmten Wert zu erstellen, wobei das längliche hohle Element während der Durchführung der Montage in die Struktur in diesem Vorspannzustand gehalten wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das lokalisierte Verdichten des Fasermaterials derart ist, dass die Zellhohlräume in dem Material an jedem der zwei Endbereiche des länglichen hohlen Elements reduziert oder beseitigt sind,
    und, dass
    * das längliche hohle Element (10) aus Fasermaterial zwei besäumte Teile (7, 8) in Form von Brettern oder Latten aus Holz verwendet, die identisch, eben und voneinander beabstandet, im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander auf dem größten Teil ihrer Länge und zueinander symmetrisch gegenüber der Längsachse (9) des Elements sind, wobei die Endabschnitte (13) von diesen zwei Brettern gegenseitig angenähert sind und jeweils eine vorzugsweise fortschreitende Verdünnung aufgrund der Kraft, die auf diese Abschnitte ausgeübt wird, um ihr Verdichten durch mechanischen Druck und/oder forciertes Einspritzen eines Polymers zu erzeugen, aufweisen, wobei ein inneres Verbindungsorgan (18), das die Form eines pyramidenförmigen Keils aufweist, mit einer Zugstange (23) zusammenwirkt, die entlang der Längsachse des Elements angeordnet ist, das vorgesehen ist, um zu ermöglichen, die axiale Vorspannkraft auszuüben, wobei dieser pyramidenförmige Keil zwei gegenüberliegende ebene Flächen (19, 20) in Kontakt mit den Flächen gegenüber von den Endabschnitten der zwei Bretter, die zu dem inneren Bereich gerichtet sind, aufweist, wobei ein festes hohles Gehäuse (27) die Endabschnitte der zwei Bretter in dem äußeren Bereich umgibt, das ein offenes Ende (28) für das Einführen des hohlen Elements (10) und eine Bodenplatte(31) aufweist, die diesem offenen Ende gegenüberliegt, die das Gehäuse am Ende seiner Endabschnitte (13) schließt;
    oder
    * das längliche hohle Element (43) aus einem Holzrohr gebildet ist, das vorzugsweise nach der sogenannten "Brettschichtholztechnik" erhalten ist, das Endabschnitte (53) aufweist, die zuvor durch mechanischen Druck und/oder forciertes Einspritzen eines Polymers verdichtet worden sind, wobei das innere Verbindungsorgan aus einem konischen oder kegelstumpfförmigen starren Keil (54) gebildet ist, der einen axialen Durchgang (56) aufweist, wobei dieser Keil geeignet ist, in die zylindrische Bohrung (61) einer Zwischenmuffe (55), die radial expandierbar ist und in diese hineingepresst ist, um die axiale Vorspannkraft zu erzeugen, die auf die Endabschnitte des Holzrohrs ausgeübt wird, eingesteckt und darin entlang der Längsachse (52) des Elements verschoben zu werden, wobei das feste Gehäuse aus einem Metallring (47) gebildet ist, der das Rohr außen in diesen Endabschnitten umgibt;
    oder
    * das längliche hohle Element aus einem Bambusrohr (70) gebildet ist, dessen Endabschnitte (74) in Längsrichtung gespalten und stark eingeschnürt sind, um dem Rohr in diesen Abschnitten eine konische Form zu geben, wo der Bambus verdichtet ist, wobei das Vorspannen des Rohrs vorzugsweise gleichzeitig mit dem Verdichten durch das Zusammenwirken eines konischen Keils (76), der in den inneren Bereich des Elements an jedem Endabschnitt eingesteckt ist, und eines festen äußeren Gehäuses (80), das ebenfalls von konischer Form ist, durchgeführt wird, das diesen Endabschnitt umgibt, wobei der Keil eine axiale Zugstange (78) aufweist, die geeignet ist, die axiale Vorspannkraft in dem Bambusrohr zu erzeugen, indem gleichzeitig sein Verdichten erhöht wird.
  8. Anordnung nach Anspruch 7, wobei das längliche hohle Element (10) aus Fasermaterial zwei besäumte Teile (7, 8) in Form von Brettern oder Latten aus Holz verwendet, die identisch, eben und voneinander beabstandet, im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander auf dem größten Teil ihrer Länge und zueinander symmetrisch gegenüber der Längsachse (9) des Elements sind, wobei die Endabschnitte (13) von diesen zwei Brettern gegenseitig angenähert sind und jeweils eine vorzugsweise fortschreitende Verdünnung aufgrund der Kraft, die auf diese Abschnitte ausgeübt wird, um ihr Verdichten durch mechanischen Druck und/oder forciertes Einspritzen eines Polymers zu erzeugen, aufweisen, wobei ein inneres Verbindungsorgan (18), das die Form eines pyramidenförmigen Keils aufweist, mit einer Zugstange (23) zusammenwirkt, die entlang der Längsachse des Elements angeordnet ist, das vorgesehen ist, um zu ermöglichen, die axiale Vorspannkraft auszuüben, wobei dieser pyramidenförmige Keil zwei gegenüberliegende ebene Flächen (19, 20) in Kontakt mit den Flächen gegenüber von den Endabschnitten der zwei Bretter, die zu dem inneren Bereich gerichtet sind, aufweist, wobei ein festes hohles Gehäuse (27) die Endabschnitte der zwei Bretter in dem äußeren Bereich umgibt, das ein offenes Ende (28) für das Einführen des hohlen Elements (10) und eine Bodenplatte (31) aufweist, die diesem offenen Ende gegenüberliegt, die das Gehäuse am Ende seiner Endabschnitte (13) schließt.
  9. Anordnung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bodenplatte (31) des Gehäuses (27) eine Bohrung (32) in der Längsachse (9) des Elements für den Durchgang der Zugstange (23) des pyramidenförmigen Keils (18) aufweist.
  10. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ende der Zugstange (23) mit einem Gewinde versehen ist und mit einer Mutter (35) zum Blockieren des Gehäuses gegenüber dem pyramidenförmigen Keil (18) zusammenwirkt, um die Vorspannung aufrechtzuhalten, die auf der Anordnung infolge der Zugkraft, die auf diesem Keil entlang der Längsachse (9) des Elements (10) ausgeübt wird, erzeugt wird.
  11. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das feste Gehäuse (27) in seiner Innenfläche in Kontakt mit den Flächen der Endabschnitte (13) der zwei Bretter (7, 8) des Elements (10), die zu dem äußeren Bereich gerichtet sind, Versteifungsrippen (29, 30) aufweist, die sich parallel zu der Längsachse dieses Elements erstrecken.
  12. Anordnung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das hohle Gehäuse (27a) mittels eines Metallbleches (38) erstellt ist, das ausgebildet ist, um die Endabschnitte der zwei Bretter des Elements (10) zu umgeben, das geeignet ist, um von der Außenseite gepresst zu werden, um sein Bördeln gegenüber von dem pyramidenförmigen Keil (18a) zu erstellen, der das innere Verbindungsorgan bildet, um die Vorspannung aufrechtzuhalten, die auf der Anordnung erzeugt wird.
  13. Anordnung nach Anspruch 7, wobei das längliche hohle Element (43) aus einem Holzrohr gebildet ist, das vorzugsweise nach der sogenannten "Brettschichtholztechnik" erhalten ist, das Endabschnitte (53) aufweist, die zuvor durch mechanischen Druck und/oder forciertes Einspritzen eines Polymers verdichtet worden sind, wobei das innere Verbindungsorgan aus einem konischen oder kegelstumpfförmigen starren Keil (54) gebildet ist, der einen axialen Durchgang (56) aufweist, wobei dieser Keil geeignet ist, in die zylindrische Bohrung (61) einer Zwischenmuffe (55), die radial expandierbar ist und in diese hineingepresst ist, um die Vorspannkraft zu erzeugen, die auf die Endabschnitte des Holzrohrs ausgeübt wird, eingesteckt und darin entlang der Längsachse (52) des Elements verschoben zu werden, wobei das feste Gehäuse aus einem Metallring (47) gebildet ist, der das Rohr außen in diesen Endabschnitten umgibt.
  14. Anordnung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenmuffe (55), die radial expandierbar ist, aus unabhängigen, benachbarten Lamellen (59) gebildet ist, die die zylindrische Bohrung (61) dieser Muffe begrenzen und geeignet sind, sich radial unter der Wirkung der Verschiebung des starren Keils (54) in dieser zylindrischen Bohrung entlang der Längsachse (52) des Elements (43) auszudehnen, wodurch die Vorspannkraft erzeugt wird.
  15. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ende des konischen Keils (54) kreisförmige Rillen (58) aufweist, die in seiner Außenfläche (60) in Ebenen angeordnet sind, die senkrecht zu der Längsachse (52) sind, wobei diese Rillen aufeinanderfolgende Kerben zum Blockieren dieses Keils gegenüber von der Zwischenmuffe (55) durch Zusammenwirken mit entsprechenden Rillen (62), die in den benachbarten Lamellen (59) dieser Muffe gegenüber des Keils vorgesehen sind, bilden.
  16. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verschiebung des konischen Keils (54) in der Zwischenmuffe mittels eines zylindrischen Molches (63) durchgeführt wird, der geeignet ist, in dem axialen Durchgang (56) der Kerbe (54) zu gleiten und am Ende Stützstifte (64) aufweist, die geeignet sind, auf diese Kerbe eine axiale Kraft auszuüben, wodurch die Vorspannung der Endabschnitte des Rohrs durch Eingreifen des Keils in die radial expandierbare Muffe bewirkt wird.
  17. Anordnung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stifte (64) des Molches (63) in das Innere von diesem einziehbar sind, um sein Herausziehen aus dem Keil zu ermöglichen, nachdem die Vorspannkraft durchgeführt worden ist.
  18. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Metallring (47), der das feste äußere Gehäuse bildet, zweckmäßigerweise ein endseitiges Gewinde (49) aufweist, das eine Schraube bildet, das geeignet ist, mit einem entsprechenden Gewinde (51) zusammenzuwirken, das eine Mutter bildet, das in einem angrenzenden Rohr (44) vorgesehen ist, das in der Längsachse des hohlen Rohrs des Elements (43) angeordnet ist, wodurch die Verbindung der zwei Rohre in der Anordnung erstellt wird.
  19. Anordnung nach Anspruch 7, wobei das längliche hohle Element aus einem Bambusrohr (70) gebildet ist, dessen Endabschnitte (74) in Längsrichtung gespalten und stark eingeschnürt sind, um dem Rohr in diesen Abschnitten eine konische Form zu geben, wo der Bambus verdichtet ist, wobei das Vorspannen des Rohrs vorzugsweise gleichzeitig mit dem Verdichten durch das Zusammenwirken eines konischen Keils (76), der in den inneren Bereich des Elements an jedem Endabschnitt eingesteckt ist, und eines festen äußeren Gehäuses (80), das ebenfalls von konischer Form ist, durchgeführt wird, das diesen Endabschnitt umgibt, wobei der Keil eine axiale Zugstange (78) aufweist, die geeignet ist, die axiale Vorspannkraft in dem Bambusrohr zu erzeugen, indem gleichzeitig sein Verdichten erhöht wird.
  20. Stützstruktur, wobei die Verbindungsanordnungen gemäß dem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 erstellt sind.
  21. Stützstruktur, die eine Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 19 umsetzt.
EP10742023.4A 2009-07-01 2010-07-01 Verfahren zur herstellung von fasermaterial-anordnungen zur herstellung einer stützkonstruktion und mit dem verfahren hergestellte anordnung. Active EP2449187B1 (de)

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FR0954854A FR2947594B1 (fr) 2009-07-01 2009-07-10 Procede pour la fabrication d'assemblages en materiau fibreux pour la realisation d'une structure de support, assemblages obtenus par ce procede et structure mettant en oeuvre ces assemblages
PCT/FR2010/051385 WO2011001119A1 (fr) 2009-07-01 2010-07-01 Procede pour la fabrication d'assemblages en materiau fibreux pour la realisation d'une structure de support, assemblages obtenus par ce procede et structure mettant en oeuvre ces assemblages

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CA2765025C (fr) 2016-09-06
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US8650820B2 (en) 2014-02-18
FR2947593A1 (fr) 2011-01-07
WO2011001119A1 (fr) 2011-01-06
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