Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
  • F16L55/02—Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers
  • F16L55/027—Throttle passages
  • F16L55/02709—Throttle passages in the form of perforated plates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
  • F16L55/02—Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers
  • F16L55/027—Throttle passages
  • F16L55/02754—Throttle passages using a central core throttling the passage
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
  • F16L55/02—Energy absorbers; Noise absorbers
  • F16L55/033—Noise absorbers
  • F16L55/0331—Noise absorbers by inserting an elongated element in the pipe
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
  • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
  • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/8376—Combined

Definitions

• the invention relates to a flow restrictor, a use of a flow restrictor in an air distribution system of an air conditioning system of an aircraft and an aircraft with at least one air conditioning system, at least one air distribution system and at least one flow restrictor according to the invention.
• flow restrictors are used to cause a desired air flow rate based on an input air pressure.
• a plurality of air lines are connected to a pressure source and individual flow restrictors with different flow resistance parameters set the desired air flow rates in the air lines.
• flow restrictors are designed in the form of air line pieces, in which a pinhole is integrated, through which a certain flow resistance is generated. Due to the abrupt change in the cross section, turbulent flow fields occur in the area around the aperture, which also surround a strongly directed air jet. This creates a turbulent flow noise, which, in view of the large number of flow restrictors used in complex air distribution systems, for example in vehicles, for passengers as a Noise pollution represents. Furthermore, the turbulence level behind a panel is problematic because downstream line components, eg. As air outlets, cause more noise in turbulent flow than in turbulence-free flow. To reduce the noise emitted by a conventional flow restrictor, additional mufflers are typically placed downstream of the orifice. This makes a flow restrictor quite heavy and also extends in the radial direction to the outside than the actual air line, so that in this way the integration of air lines, for example in vehicles with limited space is difficult.
• the object of the invention could therefore be to propose a flow restrictor in which the lowest possible noise occurs, which generates the lowest possible turbulence level and has a compact design.
• An inventive flow restrictor has a line piece with an air inlet and an air outlet.
• This line piece could correspond in its outer dimensions of the air line whose volume flow is to be adjusted by the flow restrictor.
• the line piece could have a round, for example a circular, an angular or a differently shaped cross-section, by which the invention should not be limited.
• the flow restrictor according to the invention further comprises at least one resistance element, which is positioned within the line piece.
• This resistance element imposes a predetermined flow resistance on an air flow that runs from the air inlet to the air outlet. To substantially improve the ordered flow through the resistance element, this could at least partially in one extend axial direction of the pipe section. It does not matter whether the extension is upstream or downstream or, for example, in some areas downstream and upstream.
• the resistance element is perforated at least in regions.
• a significant advantage of an at least partially perforated resistance element is that no central and highly directed air jet is created by a plurality of perforation openings, which is surrounded by turbulent flow fields. Rather, depending on the selection of the size and the number of perforation openings, a more orderly air flow is to be expected, in which the turbulent portion keeps within narrow limits and thus reduces noise in the imprint of the flow resistance.
• the resistance element By extending the resistance element in the axial direction, the area of the resistance element through which flow is increased, so that, for example, a larger number of perforation openings is possible, wherein the diameter of the perforation openings can be selected smaller.
• the resistance element could at least partially have a curvature. This allows a very simple production, for example, if the resistance element is made of a thin sheet and the curvature can be made by a simple deep drawing or the like.
• a significant increase in the area of the resistance element through which flow passes is effected in an advantageous embodiment of the flow limiter according to the invention by selecting a conical shape which determines at least part of the shape of the resistance element.
• This conical shape could, for example, extend downstream within the line piece, could simultaneously be symmetrical and have a rounded tip.
• the flow restrictor according to the invention is not limited thereto, but it can also be selected depending on the outer shape of the pipe section asymmetric shapes of the resistive element, continue to have the Tip of the cone shape should not be rounded.
• the cone shape is particularly well suited to minimize the turbulence level of the flow behind the resistive element.
• the resistance element or the line piece resistance element has a radial air-impermeable region which extends from an outer radial boundary to an inner radial boundary perpendicular to the flow direction.
• the resistance element could have a circular ring which is distinguished by an outer and an inner radial boundary.
• the outer radial boundary of the air-impermeable region of the resistance element to the inside of the pipe section while the inner radial boundary of this region, for example, connects to a conical shape or a curvature. Since in this subsequent form is particularly advantageous full-surface material that is penetrated only by perforation, turbulent flow will hit here with appropriate selection of the inner radial boundary and gently discharged downstream.
• an absorber material in the form of an absorber is additionally positioned downstream of the resistance element, the turbulence possibly remaining and extending in an outer radial region and the associated noise development weakens.
• a small distance between the perforation openings and the absorber is advantageous for damping any noise developments.
• the absorber material extends in an advantageous embodiment of the flow restrictor according to the invention from the inside of the pipe section to the inner radial boundary of the resistance element, which, as already described above, is impermeable to air in this area.
• an influencing of the air flow extending from the resistance element can be limited in a targeted manner, with only turbulent and radially outwardly extending flow components or noise components being attenuated by the absorber material.
• the radial extent of the absorber material is reduced in the flow direction at least in one region.
• the thickness of the absorber material in the flow direction could decrease so that the absorber material leaks outward from the inner radial boundary.
• the diameter and the number of perforation openings of the resistance element are selected such that they decrease toward a center axis of the line piece. This can be explained by the fact that, in the case of resistance elements extending in the axial direction, the air pressure in the radial direction tends to increase in the direction of the center axis of the line piece, which can be compensated for by reduced perforation opening diameter, so that the radial pressure field behind the resistance element is compensated. This also counteracts a noise.
• the resistance element can optionally be covered at least in regions by a cover element, so that the number of available perforation openings decreases and thus the flow resistance increases.
• its axial position can be adjusted by an axial adjusting element, so that the distance to an air-impermeable region, to edges of an absorber or the like can be adjusted.
• a flow restrictor according to the invention need not only have a single resistance element but also a plurality of such resistance elements. It is also conceivable to combine a plurality of resistance elements with one another, so that, for example, a first resistance element extends from the inside of the line piece to the center axis of the line piece and is supplemented by a second, radially smaller extending resistance element in such a way that the second resistance element adjoins the first resistance element Resistive element is placed.
• the object is further achieved by the use of such flow restrictors according to the invention in an air distribution system of an air conditioning system of an aircraft and by an aircraft having at least one air conditioning system and at least one air distribution system.
• the air ducts can be designed harmoniously with integrated flow restrictors, so that they are not only easy to lay, but also cause a very low noise level.
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the flow restrictor according to the invention in a lateral section.
• Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of the flow restrictor according to the invention in a lateral section with attached cover.
• FIG. 3 shows a flow restrictor according to the invention in a schematic view in a lateral section with two resistor elements combined with one another.
• FIGS. 4a to 4d show further exemplary embodiments of a flow limiter according to the invention in lateral sectional views.
• FIG. 5 shows an aircraft with an air conditioning system and an air distribution system with at least one flow limiter according to the invention in a plan view.
• an inventive flow limiter 2 is shown, which is provided from a line piece 4 with an air inlet 6 and an air outlet 8.
• a resistance element 10 is arranged, which extends in the flow direction 12 in the axial direction of the pipe section 4.
• the resistance element 10 has a conical region 14 which has a series of perforation openings 16. Through the perforation openings 16, air flowing from the air inlet 6 can reach the air exit 8, wherein a particularly harmonic flow pattern with a low noise development can be generated by a relatively high number of perforation openings 16.
• the resistance element 10 furthermore has an air-impermeable region 18 arranged perpendicular to the flow direction 12 and extending from the inner side 20 of the line piece 4 in the direction of the central axis 22 of the flow limiter 2 according to the invention.
• an annular diaphragm area is created at a circular cross-section of the pipe section 4, through which a part of the Pressure difference of the air flowing through is caused. Any turbulences that arise at an inner boundary 24 of the air-impermeable region 18 are significantly attenuated by the subsequent conical region 14, whereby a generation of noise is counteracted.
• the air-impermeable region 18 also has an outer radial boundary 26, which terminates with the inner side 20 of the pipe section 4.
• an absorber 28 which extends from the outer radial boundary 26 or from the inner side 20 of the line piece 4 to the inner radial boundary 24 of the resistance element 10 and runs downstream from the resistance element 10.
• the thickness of the absorber 28 along the resistance element 10 remains constant and then decreases until the absorber 28 completely runs off to the inside 20 of the line piece 4.
• a stepped termination would create turbulence and noise.
• the air-impermeable region 18 can serve as a radial delimitation for the absorber 28, so that the air flow to the absorber runs harmoniously.
• the absorber 28 serves to diminish any noise caused by turbulent portions of the air flow through the perforation openings 16. Similarly, it is also capable of mitigating any pre-existing noise, such as the noise of an upstream blower.
• FIG. 2 shows a modification of the flow restrictor according to the invention, in which an additional cover element 30 is placed on the conical region 14 of the resistance element 10. This serves to close off some perforation openings 16 and thus to calibrate the flow restrictor 2 according to the invention. This is particularly advantageous when a larger air distribution system is set up and standardized flow restrictors 2 according to the invention have to be provided.
• the calibration of the air distribution system may then be performed by adjusting corresponding cover members 30.
• a standardized thin-walled component made of an elastic plastic material could also be used, which can easily be cut to size with a pair of scissors and thus can be easily adapted to be glued onto the resistance element 10.
• the inner diameter of the air-impermeable region can be reduced, so that it is less than the inner diameter of the absorber 28.
• a resistance element 10 is also realized in the form of a conical region 14 with an outer air-impermeable region 18.
• a second resistance element 32 is used, which likewise has a perforation and is applied to an inner side 34 of the conical region 14 of the resistance element 10. This serves to further increase the generated pressure difference and thus the flow resistance with simultaneous compact maintenance of the flow restrictor 2 according to the invention.
• FIGS. 4a to 4d show modifications of the flow restrictor 2 according to the invention with a flow-resistant resistance element 36 and optionally an orifice plate 38 arranged upstream thereof. 4d shows that an inflow line 48 can have a significantly smaller diameter than the flow restrictor according to the invention.
• the resistance element 36 has at its upstream and downstream side on an axial adjustment mechanism in the form of a threaded rod 40 which is in engagement with a threaded nut 42, wherein the threaded nut 42 is supported on the orifice plate 38 or the inflow line 48.
• the support can be realized, for example, by a well air-permeable, cross-type body 44.
• the axial adjustment mechanism serves to adjust the axial position of the resistance element 36 relative to the pinhole 38 or to the inflow line 48, thereby adjusting the achievable differential pressure.
• the flow restrictor 2 has an absorber 46, which has a continuous or variable in the longitudinal direction, so that approximately the radial extent of the absorber 46 from the pinhole 38 to behind the resistor element 36 decreases slowly or in stages.
• a surface 50 arranged in the region of the perforated plate 38 or the inflow line 48 and facing the resistance element 36 could have the shape of a conical section, so that a flow channel which is as continuous as possible is formed between the resistance element 36 and the absorber 46.
• the clear distance between the upstream facing surface of the resistance element 36 and the surface 50 of the absorber 46 is significantly responsible for the set pressure difference.
• the absorber 46 may extend radially further than the line piece 4, as shown in Fig. 4b and 4c. In this case, the area directed toward the resistance element 36 of the absorber 46 can be limited by a perforated cover 52.
• FIGS. 4a to 4d can also be carried out without absorber 46 and also a resistance element 10 or 32 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can be equipped with an axial adjustment mechanism.
• the resistive elements 32 and 36 can be hard-hard, d. H. Sound reflective or designed as an absorber.
• FIG. 5 shows an aircraft 54 which typically employs a very extensive air distribution system to supply air to various air conditioning zones in the fuselage 56 of the aircraft. So that a constant air supply can take place in all areas of the hull 56, numerous flow restrictors 2 according to the invention are to be used in the air distribution system to be used, which have the particular advantage of very low noise development, especially with regard to use in an aircraft 54.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Duct Arrangements (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
• Pipe Accessories (AREA)
• Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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ID=43217714

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Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (14)

Family Cites Families (38)

• 2009
  • 2009-06-22 DE DE200910029875 patent/DE102009029875A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2010
  • 2010-06-09 EP EP10723593A patent/EP2446183A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-06-09 WO PCT/EP2010/058070 patent/WO2010149494A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-06-09 CN CN201080027972.XA patent/CN102459986B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-12-20 US US13/331,006 patent/US9243735B2/en active Active

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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