EP2440770A1 - Injection valve comprising a transmission unit - Google Patents

Injection valve comprising a transmission unit

Info

Publication number
EP2440770A1
EP2440770A1 EP10722139A EP10722139A EP2440770A1 EP 2440770 A1 EP2440770 A1 EP 2440770A1 EP 10722139 A EP10722139 A EP 10722139A EP 10722139 A EP10722139 A EP 10722139A EP 2440770 A1 EP2440770 A1 EP 2440770A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
pot
nozzle needle
injection valve
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10722139A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2440770B1 (en
Inventor
Sven Jaime Salcedo
Michael Knoller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Continental Automotive GmbH
Original Assignee
Continental Automotive GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Automotive GmbH filed Critical Continental Automotive GmbH
Publication of EP2440770A1 publication Critical patent/EP2440770A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2440770B1 publication Critical patent/EP2440770B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/701—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger mechanical
    • F02M2200/702—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger mechanical with actuator and actuated element moving in different directions, e.g. in opposite directions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection valve with a transmission unit according to claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved transmission unit for an injection valve.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by the injection valve according to claim 1.
  • the injection valve described has the advantage that the transmission unit has an improved structure.
  • the transmission unit to a pressure chamber which is bounded by two movable pistons, wherein the movable pistons are guided in a movable pot.
  • a first piston is passed through a bottom of the pot with a first sealing gap.
  • the second piston is guided in a sleeve section of the pot with a second sealing gap.
  • One of the pistons is in operative connection with the nozzle needle and the other piston with the actuator. Because of this embodiment, a robust transmission unit is provided, which transmits the deflection of the actuator directly into a deflection of the nozzle needle for a short-term operation and also allows a time-slow change in the volume of the pressure chamber via the sealing gaps.
  • the second piston with a larger end face limits the sealing chamber as an annular surface of the bottom of the pot, through which the first piston is guided. In this way, a translation of the deflection of the actuator is achieved in a larger deflection of the nozzle needle.
  • small deflections of a piezoelectric actuator can be converted into a sufficiently large deflection of the nozzle needle.
  • a spring element is arranged in the sealing chamber, wherein the spring element between the second piston and the bottom of the pot is clamped. In this way it is ensured that the second piston is in contact with a stop of the injection valve and the pressure chamber has a maximum volume. This is the
  • the second piston has a sleeve-shaped pot shape, wherein an end of the nozzle needle protrudes into the sleeve-shaped section of the second piston.
  • the nozzle needle is positively connected via a connecting part with the pot. This allows a simple attachment of the nozzle needle with the pot, wherein also the space is reduced.
  • the connecting element is designed in the form of a partial ring plate which is open on one side and which encloses a notch in the nozzle needle in a central region and is connected to the pot in an outer region, in particular welded. In this way, a simple and secure attachment of the nozzle needle with the pot is made possible.
  • the ring element has recesses, wherein the sleeve-shaped section of the second piston has free-standing wall sections in a lower end region, the wall sections being characterized by the recesses. mungen are guided and rest on a stop surface. Due to this embodiment, a secure support of the second piston on the stop surface is possible, and also provided an operative connection between the nozzle needle and the pot with little space.
  • the connecting part has a part-annular web whose outer diameter substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the sleeve-shaped pot, wherein the sleeve-shaped wall of the pot is fitted onto the web and surrounds the web. In this way, an additional fixation of the connecting part is made possible on the pot. This makes the connection between the connecting part and the pot less sensitive to mechanical influences.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic structure of an injection valve
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structure of the transmission unit
  • FIG. 3 shows an end of the nozzle needle with a connecting part
  • FIG. 4 shows an end of the nozzle needle with mounted second piston
  • FIG. 5 shows one end of the nozzle needle with a second piston and a spring element
  • Figure 6 shows an end of the nozzle needle with mounted pot
  • Figure 7 shows a cross section through the end of the nozzle needle with mounted pot.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic representation, an injection valve 1 which has a housing 2 at its lower end End of a nozzle body 3 is fixed by means of a clamping nut 4.
  • a nozzle needle 5 is movably mounted in the longitudinal direction.
  • the nozzle needle 5 is connected via a transmission unit 6 with an actuator 7 in operative connection.
  • a fuel space 8 is formed between the nozzle needle 5 and the nozzle body 3, which is supplied with fuel via channels, not shown, for example via a fuel reservoir and / or a fuel pump.
  • an annular sealing seat 10 is formed on the inside of the nozzle body 3.
  • the sealing seat 10 is associated with an annular peripheral sealing surface 11 at the lower end of the nozzle needle 5. Depending on the position of the nozzle needle, which is set by the actuation of the actuator 7, the nozzle needle 5 lifts off from the sealing seat 10 and releases a hydraulic connection between the fuel space 8 and the injection holes 9.
  • the actuator 7 may be formed, for example, as a piezoelectric actuator or as a magnetic actuator. By an e- lectric energization of the actuator 7, the actuator 7 is extended and thus acts on the transmission unit 6 a.
  • the transmission unit 6 is designed in such a way that the deflection of the actuator 7 is transmitted to the nozzle needle 5.
  • the deflection of the actuator 7 in the direction of the nozzle needle 5 is converted into an opposite movement of the nozzle needle 5 in the direction of the actuator 7 by means of the transmission unit 6.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a transmission unit 6, which is arranged between the actuator 7 and the nozzle needle 5 in the housing 2.
  • the transfer unit 6 has a first piston 12, which projects through a bottom 13 of a sleeve-shaped pot 14.
  • the pot 14 is movably mounted.
  • the first piston 12 is fixedly connected to the actuator 7.
  • a second piston 15 is provided, which protrudes from an underside in the sleeve-shaped portion of the pot 14.
  • the second piston 15 is also sleeve-shaped, whereby in a sleeve-shaped portion 16 of the second piston 15, an end piece 17 of the nozzle needle 5 protrudes.
  • the end piece 17 is guided through a hole 30 of a stop plate 18, which is firmly clamped to the housing 2.
  • the end piece 17 has a notch 19 into which a connecting part 20 engages.
  • the connecting part 20 is also connected to the sleeve 14, in particular welded, caulked or glued.
  • the second piston 15 is seated with lower edge surfaces 27 on an upper side of the stop plate 18. The top of the
  • Stop plate 18 is a stop surface for the second piston 15.
  • the first piston 12 delimits with an end face 28 a pressure chamber 24.
  • the pot 14 defines with an annular surface 29 the pressure chamber 24, the annular surface 29 is formed on the inside of the bottom 13 adjacent to the first piston 12.
  • the first piston 12 is guided through the bottom 13 via a first sealing gap 22.
  • the first sealing gap 22 may have a size in the range of 3 to 15 ⁇ m, in particular in the range of 8 ⁇ m.
  • the second piston 15 is spaced from the inner wall of the sleeve 14 via a second sealing gap 23.
  • the second sealing gap 23 may have a size of 3 to 15 .mu.m, in particular in the range of 8 microns.
  • the first piston 12, the sleeve 14 and the second piston 15 define the pressure chamber 24.
  • the pressure chamber 24 is filled with fuel and is above the sealing gaps 22, 23 with the interior of the housing 2, which is also filled with fuel in Connection.
  • the housing 2 and the transmission unit 6 fuel is arranged at a low pressure.
  • a second spring element 26 is clamped.
  • the second spring element 26 biases the nozzle needle 5 in the direction of the sealing seat 10.
  • the second spring element Ment 26 has a greater spring force than the spring element 21.
  • the annular surface 29 is smaller than the end face 28.
  • the annular surface 29 may be half as large as the end face 28. The area ratio between see the annular surface 29 and the end face 28 defines a ratio between the deflection of the actuator and the nozzle needle and can be chosen accordingly.
  • the transmission unit 6 functions as follows: In the non-activated state of the actuator 7, the nozzle needle 5 is pressed onto the sealing seat 10 with the sealing surface 11 due to the second spring element 26. Thus, no fuel can be discharged from the fuel space 8 via the injection holes 9.
  • the pressure chamber 24 is filled with fuel.
  • the first and the second piston 12, 15 at a distance.
  • the second piston 15 is supported on the stop plate 18 with the edge surface 27.
  • the first and the second sealing gap 22, 23 are dimensioned so narrow that no change in the volume of the pressure chamber occurs during a short-term pressurization, which takes place in the context of injection by the actuator 7. About the first and second sealing gap is ensured that the pressure chamber 24 is always filled with fuel.
  • the actuator 7 presses the first piston 12 downwards in the direction of the nozzle needle 5, since the actuator 7 is supported in the upper area against the housing 2.
  • the end face 28 displaces fuel in the pressure chamber 24, whereby the increased fuel pressure on the annular surface 29 engages and the pot 14 moves upward against the direction of movement of the first piston 12.
  • the pot 14 is connected via the connecting part 20 with the nozzle needle 5, so that the nozzle needle 5 is lifted by the movement of the pot 14 from the associated sealing seat 10.
  • fuel can be injected via the injection holes 9.
  • the second spring element 26 is pressed together.
  • the spring element 21 steers, since the distance between the Gradation of the second piston 15 and the annular surface 29 increases.
  • the volume of the pressure chamber 24 is substantially constant during this process.
  • the elongation of the actuator 7 is shortened, so that the first piston 12 is pulled out of the pressure chamber 24 upwards, the pressure in the pressure chamber 24 decreases. Consequently, the pot 14 is moved downward in the direction of the stop plate 18, so that the nozzle needle 5 again comes to rest on the sealing seat 10 with the sealing surface 11. Thus, the injection is interrupted.
  • Figure 3 shows a partial view of the nozzle needle 5 and the stop plate 18 through the central hole 30, the end piece 17 of the nozzle needle 5 protrudes.
  • the end piece 17 has an annular notch 19, in which the connecting part 20 is inserted laterally.
  • the connecting part 20 is shown in a perspective view.
  • the connecting part 20 is formed as a plate-shaped part, which has the shape of a pitch circle.
  • an insertion opening 31 is introduced, which is guided to the middle of the partial circular disk-shaped connecting part 20.
  • the diameter of the insertion opening 31 substantially corresponds to the diameter of the nozzle needle 5 in the region of the notch 19.
  • the connecting part 20 has three recesses 32.
  • a partial ring-shaped circumferential around a center of the connecting part 20 web 33 is formed.
  • the pressure chamber 24 is thus always filled with fuel.
  • the sealing gaps 22, 23 are selected in such a way that the sealing gaps 22, 23 are tight for short pressure increases that occur during injection processes. Prolonged pressure differences lead to an inflow or outflow of fuel into or out of the pressure chamber. over the sealing gap, so that the volume of the pressure chamber can change.
  • the connecting part 20 is inserted with the web 33 up into the notch 19, as shown in the right portion of Figure 3.
  • the second piston 15 is attached to the end piece 17 of the nozzle needle 5 for mounting the injection valve, wherein web-like wall portions 34 project through the recesses 32 and the wall portions 34 of the second piston 15 with edge surfaces 27 rest on the stop plate 18, as shown in Figure 4 is.
  • the spring element 21 is attached to the stepped upper portion of the second piston 15, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the sleeve 14 is pushed onto the second piston 15, as shown in Figure 6.
  • the sleeve 14 is welded in the outer edge region with the connecting part 20, as shown in the cross section of Figure 7.
  • the first piston 12 is inserted into an opening 35 of the bottom 13 of the sleeve 14, as shown in Figure 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an injection valve (1) for injecting fuel into an internal combustion engine, comprising an actuator (7) and an injection needle (5) that is associated with a sealing seat (10). A transmission unit (6) is provided which establishes an effective connection between the actuator (7) and the injection needle (5). The invention is characterized in that the transmission unit (6) includes a pressure chamber (24) which is delimited by two movable pistons (12, 15) that are guided within a movable pot (14). The first piston (12) is guided through a bottom (13) of the pot (14) while maintaining a first sealing gap (22), and the second piston (15) is guided within a sleeve section of the pot (14) while maintaining a second sealing gap (23). One piston (12, 15) is effectively connected to the injection needle (5), and the other piston (12, 15) is effectively connected to the actuator (7).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Einspritzventil mit ÜbertragungseinheitInjection valve with transmission unit
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Einspritzventil mit einer Übertragungseinheit gemäß Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to an injection valve with a transmission unit according to claim 1.
Im Stand der Technik sind beispielsweise aus WO 2008/003347 Al, US 6,575,138 B2 und US 6,298,829 Einspritzventile be- kannt, bei denen zwischen einem Aktor und der Düsennadel eine hydraulische Übertragungseinheit vorgesehen ist.In the prior art, for example, WO 2008/003347 A1, US Pat. No. 6,575,138 B2 and US Pat. No. 6,298,829 disclose injection valves in which a hydraulic transmission unit is provided between an actuator and the nozzle needle.
In dem bekannten Stand der Technik wird die Auslenkung des Aktors in eine entsprechende Auslenkung der Düsennadel über- tragen.In the known state of the art, the deflection of the actuator is transferred into a corresponding deflection of the nozzle needle.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, eine verbesserte Ü- bertragungseinheit für ein Einspritzventil bereitzustellen.The object of the invention is to provide an improved transmission unit for an injection valve.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch das Einspritzventil gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. Das beschriebene Einspritzventil weist den Vorteil auf, dass die Übertragungseinheit einen verbesserten Aufbau aufweist.The object of the invention is achieved by the injection valve according to claim 1. The injection valve described has the advantage that the transmission unit has an improved structure.
Dazu weist die Übertragungseinheit eine Druckkammer auf, die von zwei beweglichen Kolben begrenzt ist, wobei die beweglichen Kolben in einem beweglichen Topf geführt sind. Ein erster Kolben ist durch einen Boden des Topfes mit einem ersten Dichtspalt geführt. Der zweite Kolben ist in einem Hülsenab- schnitt des Topfes mit einem zweiten Dichtspalt geführt. Einer der Kolben steht mit der Düsennadel und der andere Kolben mit dem Aktor in Wirkverbindung. Aufgrund dieser Ausbildungsform wird eine robuste Übertragungseinheit bereitgestellt, die für eine kurzzeitige Betätigung die Auslenkung des Aktors direkt in eine Auslenkung der Düsennadel überträgt und zusätzlich über die Dichtspalte eine zeitlich langsame Änderung des Volumens der Druckkammer ermöglicht. In einer Ausführungsform begrenzt der zweite Kolben mit einer größeren Stirnfläche die Dichtkammer als eine Ringfläche des Bodens des Topfes, durch den der erste Kolben geführt ist. Auf diese Weise wird eine Übersetzung der Auslenkung des Ak- tors in eine größere Auslenkung der Düsennadel erreicht. Somit können beispielsweise kleine Auslenkungen eines piezoelektrischen Aktors in eine ausreichend große Auslenkung der Düsennadel umgesetzt werden.For this purpose, the transmission unit to a pressure chamber which is bounded by two movable pistons, wherein the movable pistons are guided in a movable pot. A first piston is passed through a bottom of the pot with a first sealing gap. The second piston is guided in a sleeve section of the pot with a second sealing gap. One of the pistons is in operative connection with the nozzle needle and the other piston with the actuator. Because of this embodiment, a robust transmission unit is provided, which transmits the deflection of the actuator directly into a deflection of the nozzle needle for a short-term operation and also allows a time-slow change in the volume of the pressure chamber via the sealing gaps. In one embodiment, the second piston with a larger end face limits the sealing chamber as an annular surface of the bottom of the pot, through which the first piston is guided. In this way, a translation of the deflection of the actuator is achieved in a larger deflection of the nozzle needle. Thus, for example, small deflections of a piezoelectric actuator can be converted into a sufficiently large deflection of the nozzle needle.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist ein Federelement in der Dichtkammer angeordnet, wobei das Federelement zwischen dem zweiten Kolben und dem Boden des Topfes eingespannt ist. Auf diese Weise wird sicher gestellt, dass der zweite Kolben in Anlage mit einem Anschlag des Einspritzventils steht und die Druckkammer ein maximales Volumen aufweist. Damit ist dieIn a further embodiment, a spring element is arranged in the sealing chamber, wherein the spring element between the second piston and the bottom of the pot is clamped. In this way it is ensured that the second piston is in contact with a stop of the injection valve and the pressure chamber has a maximum volume. This is the
Wirkverbindung zwischen dem Aktor und der Düsennadel präzise festgelegt .Actual connection between the actuator and the nozzle needle precisely determined.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist der zweite Kolben ei- ne hülsenförmige Topfform auf, wobei in den hülsenförmigen Abschnitt des zweiten Kolbens ein Ende der Düsennadel ragt. Die Düsennadel ist über ein Verbindungsteil formschlüssig mit dem Topf verbunden. Damit wird eine einfache Befestigung der Düsennadel mit dem Topf ermöglicht, wobei zudem der Bauraum reduziert ist.In a further embodiment, the second piston has a sleeve-shaped pot shape, wherein an end of the nozzle needle protrudes into the sleeve-shaped section of the second piston. The nozzle needle is positively connected via a connecting part with the pot. This allows a simple attachment of the nozzle needle with the pot, wherein also the space is reduced.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist das Verbindungselement in Form einer einseitig offenen Teilringplatte ausgebildet, das in einem Mittenbereich eine Einkerbung der Düsennadel um- fasst und in einem Außenbereich mit dem Topf verbunden ist, insbesondere verschweißt ist. Auf diese Weise wird eine einfache und sichere Befestigung der Düsennadel mit dem Topf ermöglicht .In a further embodiment, the connecting element is designed in the form of a partial ring plate which is open on one side and which encloses a notch in the nozzle needle in a central region and is connected to the pot in an outer region, in particular welded. In this way, a simple and secure attachment of the nozzle needle with the pot is made possible.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist das Ringelement Ausnehmungen auf, wobei der hülsenförmige Abschnitt des zweiten Kolbens in einem unteren Endbereich freistehende Wandabschnitte aufweist, wobei die Wandabschnitte durch die Ausneh- mungen geführt sind und auf einer Anschlagfläche aufliegen. Aufgrund dieser Ausführungsform ist eine sichere Abstützung des zweiten Kolbens auf der Anschlagfläche möglich, und zudem eine Wirkverbindung zwischen der Düsennadel und dem Topf mit geringem Bauraum bereitgestellt.In a further embodiment, the ring element has recesses, wherein the sleeve-shaped section of the second piston has free-standing wall sections in a lower end region, the wall sections being characterized by the recesses. mungen are guided and rest on a stop surface. Due to this embodiment, a secure support of the second piston on the stop surface is possible, and also provided an operative connection between the nozzle needle and the pot with little space.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist das Verbindungsteil einen teilringförmigen Steg auf, dessen Außendurchmesser im Wesentlichen dem Innendurchmesser des hülsenförmigen Topfes entspricht, wobei die hülsenförmige Wandung des Topfes auf den Steg aufgesteckt ist und den Steg umgibt. Auf diese Weise wird eine zusätzliche Fixierung des Verbindungsteils am Topf ermöglicht. Damit wird die Verbindung zwischen dem Verbindungsteil und dem Topf gegenüber mechanischen Einflüssen un- empfindlicher.In a further embodiment, the connecting part has a part-annular web whose outer diameter substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the sleeve-shaped pot, wherein the sleeve-shaped wall of the pot is fitted onto the web and surrounds the web. In this way, an additional fixation of the connecting part is made possible on the pot. This makes the connection between the connecting part and the pot less sensitive to mechanical influences.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. Show it:
Figur 1 einen schematischen Aufbau eines Einspritzventils;Figure 1 shows a schematic structure of an injection valve;
Figur 2 einen schematischen Aufbau der Übertragungseinheit;FIG. 2 shows a schematic structure of the transmission unit;
Figur 3 ein Ende der Düsennadel mit einem Verbindungsteil;FIG. 3 shows an end of the nozzle needle with a connecting part;
Figur 4 ein Ende der Düsennadel mit montiertem zweiten Kolben;FIG. 4 shows an end of the nozzle needle with mounted second piston;
Figur 5 ein Ende der Düsennadel mit einem zweiten Kolben und einem Federelement;FIG. 5 shows one end of the nozzle needle with a second piston and a spring element;
Figur 6 ein Ende der Düsennadel mit montiertem Topf;Figure 6 shows an end of the nozzle needle with mounted pot;
Figur 7 einen Querschnitt durch das Ende der Düsennadel mit montiertem Topf.Figure 7 shows a cross section through the end of the nozzle needle with mounted pot.
Figur 1 zeigt in einer schematischen Darstellung ein Einspritzventil 1, das ein Gehäuse 2 aufweist, an dessen unteren Ende ein Düsenkörper 3 mit Hilfe einer Spannmutter 4 befestigt ist. Im Düsenkörper 3 ist eine Düsennadel 5 in Längsrichtung beweglich gelagert. Die Düsennadel 5 steht über eine Übertragungseinheit 6 mit einem Aktor 7 in Wirkverbindung. Im unteren Bereich des Düsenkörpers 2 ist zwischen der Düsennadel 5 und dem Düsenkörper 3 ein Kraftstoffräum 8 ausgebildet, der über nicht dargestellte Kanäle mit Kraftstoff, beispielsweise über einen KraftstoffSpeicher und/oder über eine Kraftstoffpumpe versorgt wird. Zwischen dem Kraftstoffräum 8 und Einspritzlöchern 9 ist ein ringförmiger Dichtsitz 10 an der Innenseite des Düsenkörpers 3 ausgebildet. Dem Dichtsitz 10 ist eine ringförmig umlaufende Dichtfläche 11 am unteren Ende der Düsennadel 5 zugeordnet. Abhängig von der Position der Düsennadel, die durch die Betätigung des Aktors 7 eingestellt wird, hebt die Düsennadel 5 vom Dichtsitz 10 ab und gibt eine hydraulische Verbindung zwischen dem Kraftstoffräum 8 und den Einspritzlöchern 9 frei.FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic representation, an injection valve 1 which has a housing 2 at its lower end End of a nozzle body 3 is fixed by means of a clamping nut 4. In the nozzle body 3, a nozzle needle 5 is movably mounted in the longitudinal direction. The nozzle needle 5 is connected via a transmission unit 6 with an actuator 7 in operative connection. In the lower region of the nozzle body 2, a fuel space 8 is formed between the nozzle needle 5 and the nozzle body 3, which is supplied with fuel via channels, not shown, for example via a fuel reservoir and / or a fuel pump. Between the fuel space 8 and injection holes 9, an annular sealing seat 10 is formed on the inside of the nozzle body 3. The sealing seat 10 is associated with an annular peripheral sealing surface 11 at the lower end of the nozzle needle 5. Depending on the position of the nozzle needle, which is set by the actuation of the actuator 7, the nozzle needle 5 lifts off from the sealing seat 10 and releases a hydraulic connection between the fuel space 8 and the injection holes 9.
Der Aktor 7 kann beispielsweise als piezoelektrischer Aktor oder als magnetischer Aktor ausgebildet sein. Durch eine e- lektrische Bestromung des Aktors 7 verlängert sich der Aktor 7 und wirkt damit auf die Übertragungseinheit 6 ein. Die Ü- bertragungseinheit 6 ist in der Weise ausgebildet, dass die Auslenkung des Aktors 7 auf die Düsennadel 5 übertragen wird. Vorzugsweise wird die Auslenkung des Aktors 7 in Richtung auf die Düsennadel 5 in eine entgegen gesetzte Bewegung der Düsennadel 5 in Richtung auf den Aktor 7 mit Hilfe der Übertragungseinheit 6 umgesetzt.The actuator 7 may be formed, for example, as a piezoelectric actuator or as a magnetic actuator. By an e- lectric energization of the actuator 7, the actuator 7 is extended and thus acts on the transmission unit 6 a. The transmission unit 6 is designed in such a way that the deflection of the actuator 7 is transmitted to the nozzle needle 5. Preferably, the deflection of the actuator 7 in the direction of the nozzle needle 5 is converted into an opposite movement of the nozzle needle 5 in the direction of the actuator 7 by means of the transmission unit 6.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Ausführungsform einer Übertragungseinheit 6, die zwischen dem Aktor 7 und der Düsennadel 5 im Gehäuse 2 angeordnet ist. Die Übertragungseinheit 6 weist einen ersten Kolben 12 auf, der durch einen Boden 13 eines hülsenförmigen Topfes 14 ragt. Der Topf 14 ist beweglich gelagert. Der erste Kolben 12 ist fest mit dem Aktor 7 verbunden. Weiterhin ist ein zweiter Kolben 15 vorgesehen, der von einer Unterseite in den hülsenförmigen Abschnitt des Topfes 14 hineinragt. Der zweite Kolben 15 ist ebenfalls hülsenförmig ausgebildet, wo- bei in einen hülsenförmigen Abschnitt 16 des zweiten Kolbens 15 ein Endstück 17 der Düsennadel 5 ragt. Das Endstück 17 ist durch ein Loch 30 einer Anschlagplatte 18 geführt, die fest mit dem Gehäuse 2 verspannt ist. Das Endstück 17 weist eine Einkerbung 19 auf, in die ein Verbindungsteil 20 eingreift. Das Verbindungsteil 20 ist zudem mit der Hülse 14 verbunden, insbesondere verschweißt, verstemmt oder verklebt.Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a transmission unit 6, which is arranged between the actuator 7 and the nozzle needle 5 in the housing 2. The transfer unit 6 has a first piston 12, which projects through a bottom 13 of a sleeve-shaped pot 14. The pot 14 is movably mounted. The first piston 12 is fixedly connected to the actuator 7. Furthermore, a second piston 15 is provided, which protrudes from an underside in the sleeve-shaped portion of the pot 14. The second piston 15 is also sleeve-shaped, whereby in a sleeve-shaped portion 16 of the second piston 15, an end piece 17 of the nozzle needle 5 protrudes. The end piece 17 is guided through a hole 30 of a stop plate 18, which is firmly clamped to the housing 2. The end piece 17 has a notch 19 into which a connecting part 20 engages. The connecting part 20 is also connected to the sleeve 14, in particular welded, caulked or glued.
Der zweite Kolben 15 sitzt mit unteren Randflächen 27 auf ei- ner Oberseite der Anschlagplatte 18 auf. Die Oberseite derThe second piston 15 is seated with lower edge surfaces 27 on an upper side of the stop plate 18. The top of the
Anschlagplatte 18 stellt eine Anschlagfläche für den zweiten Kolben 15 dar.Stop plate 18 is a stop surface for the second piston 15.
Der erste Kolben 12 begrenzt mit einer Stirnfläche 28 eine Druckkammer 24. Der Topf 14 begrenzt mit einer Ringfläche 29 die Druckkammer 24, wobei die Ringfläche 29 auf der Innenseite des Bodens 13 angrenzend an den ersten Kolben 12 ausgebildet ist.The first piston 12 delimits with an end face 28 a pressure chamber 24. The pot 14 defines with an annular surface 29 the pressure chamber 24, the annular surface 29 is formed on the inside of the bottom 13 adjacent to the first piston 12.
Zwischen einer Innenseite des Bodens 13 und einer Abstufung des zweiten Kolbens 15 ist ein Federelement 21 eingespannt. Der erste Kolben 12 ist über einen ersten Dichtspalt 22 durch den Boden 13 geführt. Der erste Dichtspalt 22 kann eine Größe im Bereich von 3 bis 15 μm, insbesondere im Bereich von 8 μm aufweisen. Der zweite Kolben 15 ist über einen zweiten Dichtspalt 23 von der Innenwand der Hülse 14 beabstandet. Der zweite Dichtspalt 23 kann eine Größe von 3 bis 15 μm, insbesondere im Bereich von 8 μm aufweisen. Der erste Kolben 12, die Hülse 14 und der zweite Kolben 15 begrenzen die Druckkam- mer 24. Die Druckkammer 24 ist mit Kraftstoff gefüllt und steht über die Dichtspalte 22, 23 mit dem Innenraum des Gehäuses 2, der ebenfalls mit Kraftstoff gefüllt ist, in Verbindung. Zwischen dem Gehäuse 2 und der Übertragungseinheit 6 ist Kraftstoff mit einem geringen Druck angeordnet. Zwischen einer Unterseite der Anschlagplatte 18 und einer zweiten Abstufung 25 der Düsennadel 5 ist ein zweites Federelement 26 eingespannt. Das zweite Federelement 26 spannt die Düsennadel 5 in Richtung auf den Dichtsitz 10 vor. Das zweite Federele- ment 26 weist eine größere Federkraft als das Federelement 21 auf. Vorzugsweise ist die Ringfläche 29 kleiner als die Stirnfläche 28. Insbesondere kann die Ringfläche 29 halb so groß sein, wie die Stirnfläche 28. Das Flächenverhältnis zwi- sehen der Ringfläche 29 und der Stirnfläche 28 legt ein Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen der Auslenkung des Aktors und der Düsennadel fest und kann entsprechend gewählt werden.Between an inner side of the bottom 13 and a gradation of the second piston 15, a spring element 21 is clamped. The first piston 12 is guided through the bottom 13 via a first sealing gap 22. The first sealing gap 22 may have a size in the range of 3 to 15 μm, in particular in the range of 8 μm. The second piston 15 is spaced from the inner wall of the sleeve 14 via a second sealing gap 23. The second sealing gap 23 may have a size of 3 to 15 .mu.m, in particular in the range of 8 microns. The first piston 12, the sleeve 14 and the second piston 15 define the pressure chamber 24. The pressure chamber 24 is filled with fuel and is above the sealing gaps 22, 23 with the interior of the housing 2, which is also filled with fuel in Connection. Between the housing 2 and the transmission unit 6 fuel is arranged at a low pressure. Between a bottom of the stop plate 18 and a second step 25 of the nozzle needle 5, a second spring element 26 is clamped. The second spring element 26 biases the nozzle needle 5 in the direction of the sealing seat 10. The second spring element Ment 26 has a greater spring force than the spring element 21. Preferably, the annular surface 29 is smaller than the end face 28. In particular, the annular surface 29 may be half as large as the end face 28. The area ratio between see the annular surface 29 and the end face 28 defines a ratio between the deflection of the actuator and the nozzle needle and can be chosen accordingly.
Die Übertragungseinheit 6 gemäß Figur 2 funktioniert wie folgt: Im nicht angesteuerten Zustand des Aktors 7 ist die Düsennadel 5 aufgrund des zweiten Federelements 26 mit der Dichtfläche 11 auf den Dichtsitz 10 gepresst. Somit kann kein Kraftstoff aus dem Kraftstoffräum 8 über die Einspritzlöcher 9 abgegeben werden. Die Druckkammer 24 ist mit Kraftstoff ge- füllt. Dabei weisen der erste und der zweite Kolben 12, 15 einen Abstand auf. Der zweite Kolben 15 ist auf die Anschlagplatte 18 mit der Randfläche 27 abgestützt. Der erste und der zweite Dichtspalt 22, 23 sind so eng bemessen, dass bei einer kurzzeitigen Druckbeaufschlagung, die im Rahmen einer Ein- spritzung durch den Aktor 7 erfolgt, keine Änderung des Volumens der Druckkammer erfolgt. Über den ersten und zweiten Dichtspalt wird dafür gesorgt, dass die Druckkammer 24 immer mit Kraftstoff gefüllt ist.The transmission unit 6 according to FIG. 2 functions as follows: In the non-activated state of the actuator 7, the nozzle needle 5 is pressed onto the sealing seat 10 with the sealing surface 11 due to the second spring element 26. Thus, no fuel can be discharged from the fuel space 8 via the injection holes 9. The pressure chamber 24 is filled with fuel. In this case, the first and the second piston 12, 15 at a distance. The second piston 15 is supported on the stop plate 18 with the edge surface 27. The first and the second sealing gap 22, 23 are dimensioned so narrow that no change in the volume of the pressure chamber occurs during a short-term pressurization, which takes place in the context of injection by the actuator 7. About the first and second sealing gap is ensured that the pressure chamber 24 is always filled with fuel.
Wird nun der Aktor 7, beispielsweise durch eine Bestromung, ausgelenkt, so drückt der Aktor 7 den ersten Kolben 12 nach unten in Richtung auf die Düsennadel 5, da der Aktor 7 im o- beren Bereich gegen das Gehäuse 2 abgestützt ist. Als Folge davon verdrängt die Stirnfläche 28 Kraftstoff in der Druck- kammer 24, wodurch der erhöhte Kraftstoffdruck an der Ringfläche 29 angreift und der Topf 14 nach oben entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung des ersten Kolbens 12 bewegt. Der Topf 14 ist über das Verbindungsteil 20 mit der Düsennadel 5 verbunden, so dass die Düsennadel 5 durch die Bewegung des Topfes 14 vom zugeordneten Dichtsitz 10 abgehoben wird. Somit kann Kraftstoff über die Einspritzlöcher 9 eingespritzt werden. Dabei wird das zweite Federelement 26 zusammen gedrückt. Zusätzlich lenkt sich das Federelement 21, da der Abstand zwischen der Abstufung des zweiten Kolbens 15 und der Ringfläche 29 zunimmt. Wie oben ausgeführt, ist das Volumen der Druckkammer 24 während dieses Vorgangs im Wesentlichen konstant.If now the actuator 7, for example, by an energization, deflected, the actuator 7 presses the first piston 12 downwards in the direction of the nozzle needle 5, since the actuator 7 is supported in the upper area against the housing 2. As a result, the end face 28 displaces fuel in the pressure chamber 24, whereby the increased fuel pressure on the annular surface 29 engages and the pot 14 moves upward against the direction of movement of the first piston 12. The pot 14 is connected via the connecting part 20 with the nozzle needle 5, so that the nozzle needle 5 is lifted by the movement of the pot 14 from the associated sealing seat 10. Thus, fuel can be injected via the injection holes 9. In this case, the second spring element 26 is pressed together. In addition, the spring element 21 steers, since the distance between the Gradation of the second piston 15 and the annular surface 29 increases. As stated above, the volume of the pressure chamber 24 is substantially constant during this process.
Zur Beendigung der Einspritzung wird die Längung des Aktors 7 verkürzt, so dass der erste Kolben 12 aus der Druckkammer 24 nach oben herausgezogen wird, der Druck in der Druckkammer 24 sinkt. Folglich wird der Topf 14 nach unten in Richtung auf die Anschlagplatte 18 bewegt, so dass die Düsennadel 5 wieder auf dem Dichtsitz 10 mit der Dichtfläche 11 zur Anlage gelangt. Somit wird die Einspritzung unterbrochen.To complete the injection, the elongation of the actuator 7 is shortened, so that the first piston 12 is pulled out of the pressure chamber 24 upwards, the pressure in the pressure chamber 24 decreases. Consequently, the pot 14 is moved downward in the direction of the stop plate 18, so that the nozzle needle 5 again comes to rest on the sealing seat 10 with the sealing surface 11. Thus, the injection is interrupted.
Figur 3 zeigt eine Teildarstellung der Düsennadel 5 und der Anschlagplatte 18, durch deren mittiges Loch 30 das Endstück 17 der Düsennadel 5 ragt. Das Endstück 17 weist eine ringförmige Einkerbung 19 auf, in die das Verbindungsteil 20 seitlich eingeschoben ist. Links neben der Anschlagplatte 18 ist in einer perspektivischen Darstellung das Verbindungsteil 20 dargestellt. Das Verbindungsteil 20 ist als plattenförmiges Teil ausgebildet, das die Form einer Teilkreisfläche aufweist. In das Verbindungsteil 20 ist eine Einschuböffnung 31 eingebracht, die bis zur Mitte des teilkreisscheibenförmigen Verbindungsteils 20 geführt ist. Der Durchmesser der Einschuböffnung 31 entspricht im Wesentlichen dem Durchmesser der Düsennadel 5 im Bereich der Einkerbung 19. Weiterhin weist das Verbindungsteil 20 drei Ausnehmungen 32 auf. Weiterhin ist ein um einen Mittelpunkt des Verbindungsteils 20 teilringförmig umlaufender Steg 33 ausgebildet.Figure 3 shows a partial view of the nozzle needle 5 and the stop plate 18 through the central hole 30, the end piece 17 of the nozzle needle 5 protrudes. The end piece 17 has an annular notch 19, in which the connecting part 20 is inserted laterally. To the left of the stop plate 18, the connecting part 20 is shown in a perspective view. The connecting part 20 is formed as a plate-shaped part, which has the shape of a pitch circle. In the connecting part 20, an insertion opening 31 is introduced, which is guided to the middle of the partial circular disk-shaped connecting part 20. The diameter of the insertion opening 31 substantially corresponds to the diameter of the nozzle needle 5 in the region of the notch 19. Furthermore, the connecting part 20 has three recesses 32. Furthermore, a partial ring-shaped circumferential around a center of the connecting part 20 web 33 is formed.
Über die Dichtspalte 22, 23 wird die Druckkammer 24 mitAbout the sealing gaps 22, 23, the pressure chamber 24 with
Kraftstoff versorgt, der im Gehäuse des Einspritzventils vorhanden ist. Die Druckkammer 24 ist somit immer mit Kraftstoff gefüllt. Die Dichtspalte 22, 23 sind in der Weise gewählt, dass für zeitlich kurze Druckerhöhungen die bei Einspritzvor- gangen auftreten, die Dichtspalte 22, 23 dicht sind. Zeitlich länger andauernde Druckunterschiede führen zu einem Einströmen oder Ausströmen von Kraftstoff in bzw. aus der Druckkam- mer über die Dichtspalte, so dass sich das Volumen der Druckkammer ändern kann.Fuel supplied, which is present in the housing of the injection valve. The pressure chamber 24 is thus always filled with fuel. The sealing gaps 22, 23 are selected in such a way that the sealing gaps 22, 23 are tight for short pressure increases that occur during injection processes. Prolonged pressure differences lead to an inflow or outflow of fuel into or out of the pressure chamber. over the sealing gap, so that the volume of the pressure chamber can change.
Zur Montage wird das Verbindungsteil 20 mit dem Steg 33 nach oben in die Einkerbung 19 eingeschoben, wie im rechten Bereich der Figur 3 dargestellt ist. Dann wird zur Montage des Einspritzventils der zweite Kolben 15 auf das Endstück 17 der Düsennadel 5 aufgesteckt, wobei stegartige Wandabschnitte 34 durch die Ausnehmungen 32 ragen und die Wandabschnitte 34 des zweiten Kolbens 15 mit Randflächen 27 auf der Anschlagplatte 18 aufliegen, wie in Figur 4 dargestellt ist. Anschließend wird das Federelement 21 auf den abgestuften oberen Bereich des zweiten Kolbens 15 aufgesteckt, wie in Figur 5 dargestellt ist. Dann wird die Hülse 14 auf den zweiten Kolben 15 aufgeschoben, wie in Figur 6 dargestellt ist. Anschließend wird die Hülse 14 im äußeren Randbereich mit dem Verbindungsteil 20 verschweißt, wie im Querschnitt der Figur 7 dargestellt ist. Für eine weitere Montage wird der erste Kolben 12 in eine Öffnung 35 des Bodens 13 der Hülse 14 eingesteckt, wie in Figur 2 dargestellt ist. For assembly, the connecting part 20 is inserted with the web 33 up into the notch 19, as shown in the right portion of Figure 3. Then, the second piston 15 is attached to the end piece 17 of the nozzle needle 5 for mounting the injection valve, wherein web-like wall portions 34 project through the recesses 32 and the wall portions 34 of the second piston 15 with edge surfaces 27 rest on the stop plate 18, as shown in Figure 4 is. Subsequently, the spring element 21 is attached to the stepped upper portion of the second piston 15, as shown in Figure 5. Then, the sleeve 14 is pushed onto the second piston 15, as shown in Figure 6. Subsequently, the sleeve 14 is welded in the outer edge region with the connecting part 20, as shown in the cross section of Figure 7. For a further assembly of the first piston 12 is inserted into an opening 35 of the bottom 13 of the sleeve 14, as shown in Figure 2.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Einspritzventil (1) zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in eine Brennkraftmaschine, mit einem Aktor (7), mit einer Düsennadel (5), die einem Dichtsitz (10) zugeordnet ist, wobei eine Übertragungseinheit (6) vorgesehen ist, die eine Wirkverbindung zwischen dem Aktor (7) und der Düsennadel (5) darstellt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Übertragungseinheit (6) eine Druckkammer (24) aufweist, wobei die Druckkammer (24) von zwei beweglichen Kolben (12, 15) begrenzt wird, die in einem beweglichen Topf (14) geführt sind, wobei der erste Kolben (12) durch einen Boden (13) des Topfes (14) mit einem ersten Dichtspalt (22) geführt ist, wobei der zweite Kolben (15) in einem hülsenförmigen Abschnitt des Topfes (14) mit einem zweiten Dichtspalt (23) geführt ist, und wobei ein Kolben (12, 15) mit der Düsennadel (5) und der andere Kolben (12, 15) mit dem Aktor (7) in Wirkverbindung steht.1. injection valve (1) for injecting fuel into an internal combustion engine, with an actuator (7), with a nozzle needle (5) which is associated with a sealing seat (10), wherein a transmission unit (6) is provided, which has an operative connection between the actuator (7) and the nozzle needle (5), characterized in that the transmission unit (6) has a pressure chamber (24), wherein the pressure chamber (24) by two movable pistons (12, 15) is limited, in a movable pot (14) are guided, wherein the first piston (12) through a bottom (13) of the pot (14) with a first sealing gap (22) is guided, wherein the second piston (15) in a sleeve-shaped portion of the pot ( 14) is guided with a second sealing gap (23), and wherein a piston (12, 15) with the nozzle needle (5) and the other piston (12, 15) with the actuator (7) is in operative connection.
2. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 1, wobei der erste Kolben2. Injection valve according to claim 1, wherein the first piston
(12) mit einer größeren Stirnfläche (28) die Druckkammer (24) begrenzt als eine an den ersten Kolben (12) angrenzende Ringfläche (29) des Topfes (14) .(12) with a larger end face (28) delimits the pressure chamber (24) than an annular surface (29) of the pot (14) adjoining the first piston (12).
3. Einspritzventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei ein Federelement (21) in der Druckkammer (24) angeordnet ist, das zwischen dem zweiten Kolben (15) und dem Boden3. Injection valve according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein a spring element (21) in the pressure chamber (24) is arranged between the second piston (15) and the bottom
(13) des Topfes (14) eingebracht ist.(13) of the pot (14) is introduced.
4. Einspritzventil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der zweite Kolben (15) eine hülsenförmige Topfform aufweist, wobei in den hülsenförmigen Abschnitt (16) des zweiten Kolbens (15) ein Ende (17) der Düsennadel (5) ragt, wobei die Düsennadel über eine Verbindungsteil (20) formschlüssig an dem Topf (14) befestigt ist.4. Injection valve according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second piston (15) has a sleeve-shaped pot shape, wherein in the sleeve-shaped portion (16) of the second piston (15) has an end (17) of the nozzle needle (5), wherein the nozzle needle via a connecting part (20) is positively secured to the pot (14).
5. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Verbindungsteil (20) in Form einer einseitig offenen Teilringplatte ausgebildet ist, die in einem Mittenbereich eine Einkerbung (19) der Düsennadel (5) formschlüssig umfasst und in einem Außenbereich mit dem Topf (14) verbunden ist.5. Injection valve according to claim 4, wherein the connecting part (20) in the form of a unilaterally open part ring plate is formed, which in a central region a notch (19) of the nozzle needle (5) comprises positively and is connected in an outer region with the pot (14).
6. Einspritzventil nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, wobei das Verbindungsteil Ausnehmungen (32) aufweist, wobei der hül- senförmige Abschnitt (16) des zweiten Kolbens (15) in einem unteren Endbereich freistehende Wandabschnitte (34) aufweist, wobei die Wandabschnitte (34) durch die Ausnehmungen (32) geführt sind und auf einer Anschlagfläche (18) aufliegen.6. Injection valve according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the connecting part has recesses (32), wherein the sleeve-shaped section (16) of the second piston (15) has free-standing wall sections (34) in a lower end region, wherein the wall sections (34) through the recesses (32) are guided and rest on a stop surface (18).
7. Einspritzventil nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, wobei das Verbindungsteil (20) einen teilringförmigen Steg (33) aufweist, dessen Außendurchmesser im Wesentlichen dem Innendurchmesser des hülsenförmigen Abschnittes des Topfes (14) entspricht, und wobei der hülsenförmige Abschnitt des Topfes (14) über den Steg (33) gesteckt ist. 7. Injection valve according to one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the connecting part (20) has a part-annular web (33) whose outer diameter substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the sleeve-shaped portion of the pot (14), and wherein the sleeve-shaped portion of the pot (14 ) is placed over the web (33).
EP10722139.2A 2009-06-10 2010-06-10 Injection valve with transmission unit Not-in-force EP2440770B1 (en)

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PCT/EP2010/058132 WO2010142753A1 (en) 2009-06-10 2010-06-10 Injection valve comprising a transmission unit

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WO2010142753A1 (en) 2010-12-16
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US20120160210A1 (en) 2012-06-28
US8998115B2 (en) 2015-04-07

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