EP2439001B1 - Device and method for separating a dust mixture into its dust components - Google Patents

Device and method for separating a dust mixture into its dust components Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2439001B1
EP2439001B1 EP11007898.7A EP11007898A EP2439001B1 EP 2439001 B1 EP2439001 B1 EP 2439001B1 EP 11007898 A EP11007898 A EP 11007898A EP 2439001 B1 EP2439001 B1 EP 2439001B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
dust
mixture
density
kgm
fluidizing gas
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EP11007898.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2439001A3 (en
EP2439001A2 (en
Inventor
Fritz Schoppe
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Buchberger August
HENTSCHEL, ANDREAS
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Buchberger August
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/08—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures are supported by sieves, screens, or like mechanical elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
    • B03B4/06—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs using fixed and inclined tables ; using stationary pneumatic tables, e.g. fluidised beds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for separating a dust mixture from a first dust of a first density and a second dust of a second density that is higher than the first density into its first and second dust fraction.
  • Organic dusts such as grain flour, plant flour, wood dust, plastic powder, coal dust and sewage sludge dust, often contain undesirable proportions of inorganic dusts, which include, for example, sand, incineration ash, earth, oxides and metals.
  • Customary methods for separating dust mixtures are based on screening off a portion of dust from the dust mixture. However, this approach fails when the particle sizes of the dust overlap.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device for separating a dust mixture from dusts of a first and second density into its dust components.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are based on the finding that a dust mixture consisting of a first dust of a first density and a second dust of a second density, which is higher than the first density, can be separated into its first and second dust fraction by A fluidizing gas flows through the dust mixture and is only partially fluidized with respect to the first dust, with a vertical component of a fluidizing gas quantity flowing through the dust mixture being adjusted in such a way that it causes the first dust to be fluidized, but is lower than that vertical component of the fluidizing gas quantity flowing through the dust mixture in which fluidization of the second dust occurs.
  • the dust mixture separates due to the partial fluidization into a lower, non-fluidized area of the second dust and an upper, fluidized first dust area. Due to its fluidized state, the first dust within the upper area behaves in a manner comparable to a liquid and can therefore be discharged from the first area like a liquid in preferred exemplary embodiments of the method and the device according to the invention.
  • the first dust is an organic dust with densities at rest between 300 kgm -3 and 800 kgm -3
  • the second dust is an inorganic dust with densities at rest ranging between 900 kgm -3 and 2000 kgm -3 is.
  • the first dust is coal dust and the second dust is sand is of particular practical importance.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention enable the interfering sand component to be removed from the coal dust.
  • the fluidization can be effected with any gas as the fluidizing gas, it is particularly economical to use air as the fluidizing gas.
  • a particularly simple separation occurs in the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention when the fluidizing air is guided essentially vertically from bottom to top through the dust mixture.
  • Essentially vertical in the sense of the present application is to be understood as meaning angles in the range of up to 20 degrees in relation to the vertical.
  • a particularly stable partial fluidization of the organic dust when the inorganic dust is not fluidized is achieved according to the invention with fluidizing air quantities per square meter of the horizontal cross section of the dust mixture between 60 m 3 h -1 and 160 m 3 h -1 , preferably with fluidizing air quantities between 90 m 3 h -1 and 120 m 3 h -1 .
  • the device for separating comprises a container for receiving the dust mixture, which has a base and walls, the walls defining a cross-section of the dust mixture through which the fluidizing gas can flow that is essentially unchangeable depending on the distance from the base.
  • the container can be an upright cylindrical container.
  • the container bottom consists of a flowable material through which the fluidizing gas can flow and which cannot be penetrated by the first or second dust.
  • the mesh size of the flowable material is smaller than the smallest grain size of the first or second dust.
  • a particularly stable state of the partially fluidized first portion of dust occurs during the separation process when the flow resistance of the flow floor is higher than that of the partially fluidized dust mixture.
  • the flow resistance of the flow floor is selected in such a way that with a fluidization air volume per square meter of the horizontal cross-section of the dust mixture between 60 m 3 h -1 and 160 m 3 h -1 , preferably 100 m 3 h -1 , a pressure drop across the flow floor of at least 1000 Nm -2 , preferably greater than 1500 Nm -2 .
  • a particularly simple separation of the dust mixture into the dust fractions is achieved when the container has a first removal opening for the second dust, which is arranged close to the bottom of the container compared to the height of the container, and a second removal opening for the first dust, which is above the first removal opening for the second dust is arranged.
  • a level probe is preferably provided for detecting the height of the dust mixture partially fluidized in the container. Such a level probe enables a corresponding control a tracking of the dust mixture in the container of the separating device when the level detected by the level probe falls below a predetermined value, so that a continuous or quasi-continuous separating operation can be carried out.
  • a stirring device for stirring the dust mixture in the area of the partially fluidized first dust and/or in the area of the second dust.
  • the stirring stabilizes the partial fluidization of the first dust.
  • evacuation of the first dust and/or the second dust is made easier.
  • two temperature sensors are provided on the container of the separating device, with one of the temperature sensors being located close to the container floor in relation to the container height for detecting the temperature of the second dust and the other being located above one temperature probe for detecting the temperature of the partially fluidized first dust.
  • the lower temperature sensor shows a lower value than the upper temperature sensor when inorganic dust, such as sand, has accumulated in the area of the lower temperature sensor. This can cause an operator or a controller to remove the second dust or inorganic dust from the container through the removal opening arranged near the bottom of the container when the named temperature difference occurs.
  • the separating device is denoted by the reference numeral 1 in its entirety.
  • This comprises a cylindrical, vertical container 2 with a cylindrical wall 3.
  • the receiving area of the container for a dust mixture is limited by the wall 3 and the flow floor 4.
  • the flow floor 4 is permeable to air, but the mesh size is so small that it cannot be penetrated by the dusts of the dust mixture.
  • a lower container area 6 is used to supply fluidizing air through a fluidizing air supply line 7, which runs through the flow floor 4 essentially vertically from bottom to top and then through the dust mixture 5 above the flow floor 4 before the fluidizing air leaves the container 2 through a fluidizing air discharge line 8.
  • the dust mixture 5 is fed to the separating device 1 via a cellular wheel 9 .
  • the container 2 has the shape of a vertical cylinder.
  • Other container shapes that define essentially constant horizontal cross-sections of the dust mixture above the flow floor are also contemplated.
  • the flow floor 4 consists of a polyester fabric whose flow resistance for the fluidizing air is higher than the flow resistance of the partially fluidized dust mixture 5 above the flow floor.
  • the flow resistance of the flow floor is selected in such a way that with a fluidization air volume per square meter of the horizontal cross-section of the dust mixture between 60 m 3 h -1 and 160 m 3 h -1 , preferably 100 m 3 h -1 , a pressure drop across the flow floor of at least 1000 Nm -2 , preferably greater than 1500 Nm -2 .
  • the container 3 has near the flow floor 4 based on the container height, a first removal opening 10 for removing the dust fraction with the higher density and, above the Removal opening 10, a second removal opening 11 for removing the dust fraction with the lower density.
  • the partial fluidization of the lignite dust or sewage sludge dust leads to a fluidized lignite dust layer or sewage sludge dust layer of largely constant density, which in the case of lignite dust is 310 kgm -3 and in the case of sewage sludge dust is 350 kgm -3 .
  • the organic dust floats evenly on the settling inorganic dust.
  • the area 12 above the partially fluidized coal dust within the container 3 is optically dust-free. Amounts of dust remaining in this area are negligible for technical purposes.
  • the presence of an inorganic layer in the area of the flow floor 4 can be detected using temperature sensors 13, 14 on the outside of the container. As soon as a layer of inorganic dust has built up in the area of the moving floor 4 , the temperature recorded by the lower temperature sensor 14 falls significantly compared to the temperature recorded by the upper temperature sensor 13 . This temperature difference detection can be used to cause the inorganic dust component to be discharged through the first discharge opening 10 .
  • the removal opening 10 ′ is connected to an outlet funnel 15 which is let into the flow floor 4 .
  • the flow floor 5 can also be designed conically in such a way that an outlet funnel 15' in the lower area of the cone is connected to the first removal opening 10".
  • the conical design of the flow floor 5 facilitates the removal of any coarser impurities.
  • the container 3 may be provided in a region above the second discharge port 11 with a lower level probe 16 and an upper level probe 17 which are adapted to detect the level of the fluidized dust fraction of the lower to detect density. Based on the measurement signals from the level probes 16, 17, the supply of the dust mixture can be controlled by means of the star feeder 9 in such a way that the level of the fluidized dust fraction of lower density between the two level probes 16, 17 is adjusted.
  • the selection of the required amount of fluidizing air within the above-mentioned ranges of fluidizing air quantities per square meter of the horizontal cross-section of the dust mixture proves to be problematic, on the one hand to achieve fluidization of the lighter dust fraction and on the other hand to prevent air breakthroughs.
  • a stabilization of the partial fluidization and thus an improvement in the separation behavior is achieved in the embodiment according to FIG 4 by using an agitator 18 having a rotating shaft 19 to which agitator arms 20 are attached in the area just above the layer of higher density dust.
  • the agitator arms 12 are arranged vertically slightly above the first removal opening 10 in the case of lateral removal of said dust fraction.
  • Further stabilization can be achieved by using multiple paddles (not shown), at least one of which is positioned below the surface of the fluidized low density dust.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung befasst sich mit einem Verfahren und einer Vorrichtung zum Trennen eines Staubgemisches aus einem ersten Staub einer ersten Dichte und einem zweiten Staub einer zweiten, gegenüber der ersten Dichte höheren Dichte in seinen ersten und zweiten Staubanteil.The present invention relates to a method and a device for separating a dust mixture from a first dust of a first density and a second dust of a second density that is higher than the first density into its first and second dust fraction.

In vielen industriellen Anwendungen ist es gewünscht, Staubgemische aus Stäuben unterschiedlicher Dichten voneinander zu trennen.In many industrial applications it is desirable to separate dust mixtures of dusts of different densities from one another.

So enthalten häufig organische Stäube, wie beispielsweise Getreidemehl, Pflanzenmehl, Holzstaub, Kunststoffpulver, Kohlenstaub und Klärschlammstaub unerwünschte Anteile anorganischer Stäube, zu denen beispielsweise Sand, Verbrennungsasche, Erde, Oxide und Metalle zählen.Organic dusts, such as grain flour, plant flour, wood dust, plastic powder, coal dust and sewage sludge dust, often contain undesirable proportions of inorganic dusts, which include, for example, sand, incineration ash, earth, oxides and metals.

Übliche Verfahren zum Trennen von Staubgemischen basieren auf einer Absiebung eines Staubanteils aus dem Staubgemisch. Dieser Ansatz scheitert jedoch bei Komgrößenüberlappungen der Stäube.Customary methods for separating dust mixtures are based on screening off a portion of dust from the dust mixture. However, this approach fails when the particle sizes of the dust overlap.

Aus der DE 699 38 137 B2 und der US4447319 A1 ist es bekannt, Feinstpartikel aus einem Materialgemisch zu trennen, indem die Feinstpartikel aus dem Materialgemisch durch einen Luftstrom getrennt werden, der das Materialgemisch mit so hoher Geschwindigkeit durchläuft, dass die Feinstpartikel aus dem Materialgemisch entgegen der Schwerkraftwirkung herausgerissen werden. Ein solches Verfahren eignet sich nicht zum Trennen eines Staubgemisches aus Stäuben unterschiedlicher Dichten.From the DE 699 38 137 B2 and the US4447319 A1 it is known to separate ultra-fine particles from a material mixture by separating the ultra-fine particles from the material mixture by means of an air stream which runs through the material mixture at such a high speed that the ultra-fine particles are torn out of the material mixture against the effect of gravity. Such a method is not suitable for separating a dust mixture from dusts of different densities.

Aus dem europäischen Patent EP 0 907 596 B1 des Anmelders ist es bekannt, einheitliche Stäube zum Zwecke der Verbesserung ihres Förderverhaltens zu Fluidisieren (vgl. EP 0 907 596 B, Spalte 1, Zeilen 1-11).From the European patent EP 0 907 596 B1 of the applicant, it is known to fluidize uniform dusts for the purpose of improving their conveying behavior (cf. EP 0 907 596 B, column 1, lines 1-11).

Aus der US3102092 A1 ist es bekannt, zwei Stäube als Materialmischung zu fluidisieren, und mittels einer weiteren Zone die Flussgeschwindigkeit zu reduzieren, welche den zweiten Staub runtersinken lässt.From the US3102092 A1 it is known to fluidize two dusts as a material mixture and to reduce the flow speed by means of a further zone, which allows the second dust to sink down.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Trennen eines Staubgemisches aus Stäuben einer ersten und zweiten Dichte in seine Staubanteile anzugeben.The invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device for separating a dust mixture from dusts of a first and second density into its dust components.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 sowie durch eine Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 gelöst.This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a device according to claim 4.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sowie die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung beruhen auf der Erkenntnis, dass eine Auftrennung eines Staubgemisches aus einem ersten Staub einer ersten Dichte und einem zweiten Staub einer zweiten, gegenüber der ersten Dichte höheren Dichte in seinen ersten und zweiten Staubanteil dadurch herbeigeführt werden kann, dass das Staubgemisch von einem Fluidisierungsgas durchströmt und nur partiell bezüglich des ersten Staubes fluidisiert wird, wobei eine Vertikalkomponente einer das Staubgemisch durchströmenden Fluidisierungsgasmenge derart eingestellt wird, dass diese die Fluidisierung des ersten Staubes bewirkt, jedoch niedriger ist als diejenige Vertikalkomponente der das Staubgemisch durchströmenden Fluidisierungsgasmenge, bei der ein Fluidisieren des zweiten Staubes auftritt.The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are based on the finding that a dust mixture consisting of a first dust of a first density and a second dust of a second density, which is higher than the first density, can be separated into its first and second dust fraction by A fluidizing gas flows through the dust mixture and is only partially fluidized with respect to the first dust, with a vertical component of a fluidizing gas quantity flowing through the dust mixture being adjusted in such a way that it causes the first dust to be fluidized, but is lower than that vertical component of the fluidizing gas quantity flowing through the dust mixture in which fluidization of the second dust occurs.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung trennt sich das Staubgemisch aufgrund der partiellen Fluidisierung in einen unteren, nicht fluidisierten Bereich des zweiten Staubes und einen oberen, fluidisierten ersten Staubbereich. Der erste Staub innerhalb des oberen Bereiches verhält sich aufgrund seines fluidisierten Zustandes vergleichbar mit einer Flüssigkeit und lässt sich daher bei bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wie eine Flüssigkeit aus dem ersten Bereich ableiten.In the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention, the dust mixture separates due to the partial fluidization into a lower, non-fluidized area of the second dust and an upper, fluidized first dust area. Due to its fluidized state, the first dust within the upper area behaves in a manner comparable to a liquid and can therefore be discharged from the first area like a liquid in preferred exemplary embodiments of the method and the device according to the invention.

Gemäß einem bedeutsamen industriellen Aspekt ist der erste Staub ein organischer Staub mit Dichten im Ruhezustand zwischen 300 kgm-3 und 800 kgm-3, während der zweite Staub ein anorganischer Staub mit Dichten im Ruhezustand im Bereich zwischen 900 kgm-3 und 2000 kgm-3 ist.According to an important industrial aspect, the first dust is an organic dust with densities at rest between 300 kgm -3 and 800 kgm -3 , while the second dust is an inorganic dust with densities at rest ranging between 900 kgm -3 and 2000 kgm -3 is.

Besondere praktische Bedeutung hat der Anwendungsfall, bei dem der erste Staub Kohlenstaub und der zweite Staub Sand ist. In diesem Fall ermöglichen das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sowie die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eine Beseitigung der störenden Sandkomponente aus dem Kohlenstaub.The application in which the first dust is coal dust and the second dust is sand is of particular practical importance. In this case, the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention enable the interfering sand component to be removed from the coal dust.

Obgleich die Fluidisierung mit jeglichem Gas als Fluidisierungsgas herbeigeführt werden kann, ist es besonders wirtschaftlich, als Fluidisierungsgas Luft einzusetzen.Although the fluidization can be effected with any gas as the fluidizing gas, it is particularly economical to use air as the fluidizing gas.

Zu einer besonders einfachen Trennung kommt es bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung dann, wenn die Fluidisierungsluft im Wesentlichen vertikal von unten nach oben durch das Staubgemisch geführt wird. Unter dem Begriff "im Wesentlichen vertikal" im Sinne der vorliegenden Anmeldung seien Winkel im Bereich von bis zu 20 Grad bezogen auf die Vertikale zu verstehen.A particularly simple separation occurs in the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention when the fluidizing air is guided essentially vertically from bottom to top through the dust mixture. Under the term "Essentially vertical" in the sense of the present application is to be understood as meaning angles in the range of up to 20 degrees in relation to the vertical.

Eine besonders stabile partielle Fluidisierung des organischen Staubes bei Nicht-Fluidisierung des anorganischen Staubes erreicht man erfindungsgemäß bei Fluidisierungsluftmengen pro Quadratmeter des horizontalen Querschnitts des Staubgemisches zwischen 60 m3 h-1 und 160 m3 h-1, vorzugsweise bei Fluidisierungsluftmengen zwischen 90 m3 h-1 und 120 m3 h-1. Die Vorrichtung zum Trennen umfasst einen Behälter zur Aufnahme des Staubgemisches, der einen Boden und Wände aufweist, wobei die Wände einen von der Entfernung zum Boden im Wesentlichen unveränderlichen Querschnitt des vom Fluidisierungsgas durchströmbaren Staubgemisches festlegen. Bei einer einfachen Ausführungsform kann der Behälter ein senkrechtstehender zylindrischer Behälter sein.A particularly stable partial fluidization of the organic dust when the inorganic dust is not fluidized is achieved according to the invention with fluidizing air quantities per square meter of the horizontal cross section of the dust mixture between 60 m 3 h -1 and 160 m 3 h -1 , preferably with fluidizing air quantities between 90 m 3 h -1 and 120 m 3 h -1 . The device for separating comprises a container for receiving the dust mixture, which has a base and walls, the walls defining a cross-section of the dust mixture through which the fluidizing gas can flow that is essentially unchangeable depending on the distance from the base. In a simple embodiment, the container can be an upright cylindrical container.

Erfindungsgemäß besteht der Behälterboden aus einem von dem Fluidisierungsgas durchströmbaren Fließmaterial, welches nicht von dem ersten oder zweiten Staub durchdringbar ist. Gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Maschenweite des Fließmaterials kleiner als die kleinste Korngröße des ersten oder zweiten Staubes.According to the invention, the container bottom consists of a flowable material through which the fluidizing gas can flow and which cannot be penetrated by the first or second dust. According to a preferred embodiment, the mesh size of the flowable material is smaller than the smallest grain size of the first or second dust.

Ein besonders stabiler Zustand des partiell fluidisierten ersten Staubanteils ergibt sich während des Trennverfahrens dann, wenn der Strömungswiderstand des Fließbodens höher ist als derjenige des partiell fluidisierten Staubgemisches.A particularly stable state of the partially fluidized first portion of dust occurs during the separation process when the flow resistance of the flow floor is higher than that of the partially fluidized dust mixture.

Der Strömungswiderstand des Fließbodens ist derart gewählt, dass bei einer Fluidisierungsluftmenge pro Quadratmeter des horizontalen Querschnitts des Staubgemisches zwischen 60 m3 h-1 und 160 m3 h-1, vorzugsweise von 100 m3 h-1 ein Druckabfall über den Fließboden von mindestens 1000 Nm-2, vorzugsweise von mehr als 1500 Nm-2 bewirkt wird.The flow resistance of the flow floor is selected in such a way that with a fluidization air volume per square meter of the horizontal cross-section of the dust mixture between 60 m 3 h -1 and 160 m 3 h -1 , preferably 100 m 3 h -1 , a pressure drop across the flow floor of at least 1000 Nm -2 , preferably greater than 1500 Nm -2 .

Eine besonders einfache Auftrennung des Staubgemisches in die Staubanteile wird dann erreicht, wenn der Behälter eine erste, im Vergleich zur Behälterhöhe nahe am Behälterboden angeordnete Entnahmeöffnung für den zweiten Staub und eine zweite Entnahmeöffnung für den ersten Staub aufweist, die oberhalb der ersten Entnahmeöffnung für den zweiten Staub angeordnet ist.A particularly simple separation of the dust mixture into the dust fractions is achieved when the container has a first removal opening for the second dust, which is arranged close to the bottom of the container compared to the height of the container, and a second removal opening for the first dust, which is above the first removal opening for the second dust is arranged.

Vorzugsweise ist eine Niveausonde zum Erfassen der Höhe des partiell in dem Behälter fluidisierten Staubgemisches vorgesehen. Eine derartige Niveausonde ermöglicht über eine entsprechende Steuerung ein Nachführen des Staubgemisches in den Behälter der Trennvorrichtung, wenn das von der Niveausonde erfasste Niveau einen vorgegebenen Wert unterschreitet, so dass ein kontinuierlicher oder quasi-kontinuierlicher Trennbetrieb vorgenommen werden kann.A level probe is preferably provided for detecting the height of the dust mixture partially fluidized in the container. Such a level probe enables a corresponding control a tracking of the dust mixture in the container of the separating device when the level detected by the level probe falls below a predetermined value, so that a continuous or quasi-continuous separating operation can be carried out.

Gemäß einem bevorzugten Aspekt ist eine Rührvorrichtung zum Rühren des Staubgemisches im Bereich des partiell fluidisierten ersten Staubes und/oder im Bereich des zweiten Staubes vorgesehen. Durch das Rühren wird einerseits eine Stabilisierung der partiellen Fluidisierung des ersten Staubes erreicht. Andererseits wird eine Abförderung des ersten Staubes und/oder des zweiten Staubes erleichtert.According to a preferred aspect, a stirring device is provided for stirring the dust mixture in the area of the partially fluidized first dust and/or in the area of the second dust. On the one hand, the stirring stabilizes the partial fluidization of the first dust. On the other hand, evacuation of the first dust and/or the second dust is made easier.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung sind zwei Temperaturensensoren am Behälter der Trennvorrichtung vorgesehen, wobei eine der Temperatursensoren bezogen auf die Behälterhöhe nahe dem Behälterboden zum Erfassen der Temperatur des zweiten Staubes und die andere oberhalb der einen Temperatursonde zum Erfassen der Temperatur des partiell fluidisierten ersten Staubes angeordnet ist. Im Beispielsfall der Trennung von organischen und anorganischen Stäuben voneinander zeigt der untere Temperatursensor dann einen niedrigeren Wert als der obere Temperatursensor an, wenn sich anorganischer Staub, wie beispielsweise Sand, im Bereich des unteren Temperatursensors angesammelt hat. Dies kann eine Bedienungsperson oder eine Steuerung veranlassen, bei Auftreten der genannten Temperaturdifferenz den zweiten Staub bzw. anorganischen Staub durch die nahe dem Behälterboden angeordnete Entnahmeöffnung aus dem Behälter zu entfernen.According to a preferred refinement, two temperature sensors are provided on the container of the separating device, with one of the temperature sensors being located close to the container floor in relation to the container height for detecting the temperature of the second dust and the other being located above one temperature probe for detecting the temperature of the partially fluidized first dust. In the example of the separation of organic and inorganic dust from one another, the lower temperature sensor then shows a lower value than the upper temperature sensor when inorganic dust, such as sand, has accumulated in the area of the lower temperature sensor. This can cause an operator or a controller to remove the second dust or inorganic dust from the container through the removal opening arranged near the bottom of the container when the named temperature difference occurs.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Trennen eines Staubgemisches werden nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Schnittdarstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels der Trennvorrichtung;
Fig. 2
ein Detail der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Trennvorrichtung bezüglich der Entnahme des zweiten Staubes;
Fig. 3
eine Schnittdarstellung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels der Trennvorrichtung; und
Fig. 4
eine Schnittdarstellung eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels der Trennvorrichtung.
Preferred exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention for separating a dust mixture are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
1
a sectional view of a first embodiment of the separating device;
2
a detail of the in 1 shown separating device with respect to the removal of the second dust;
3
a sectional view of a second embodiment of the separating device; and
4
a sectional view of a third embodiment of the separating device.

In den beigefügten Zeichnungen bezeichnen gleiche Bezugszeichen gleiche oder ähnliche Teile, so dass auf eine wiederholte Beschreibung gleicher Teile verzichtet werden kann.In the attached drawings, the same reference numerals designate the same or similar parts, so that a repeated description of the same parts can be omitted.

In Fig. 1 ist die Trennvorrichtung in ihrer Gesamtheit mit dem Bezugszeichen 1 bezeichnet. Diese umfasst einen zylindrischen, senkrecht stehenden Behälter 2 mit einer zylindrischen Wand 3. Der Aufnahmebereich des Behälters für ein Staubgemisch ist durch die Wand 3 und den Fließboden 4 begrenzt. Der Fließboden 4 ist luftdurchlässig, jedoch von so geringer Maschenweite, dass er nicht von den Stäuben des Staubgemisches durchdrungen werden kann. Ein unterer Behälterbereich 6 dient zur Zufuhr von Fluidisierungsluft durch eine Fluidisierungsluftzuleitung 7, welche den Fließboden 4 im Wesentlichen vertikal von unten nach oben und sodann das Staubgemisch 5 oberhalb des Fließbodens 4 durchläuft, bevor die Fluidisierungsluft den Behälter 2 durch eine Fluidisierungsluftableitung 8 verlässt. Das Staubgemisch 5 wird der Trennvorrichtung 1 über ein Zellenrad 9 zugeführt.In 1 the separating device is denoted by the reference numeral 1 in its entirety. This comprises a cylindrical, vertical container 2 with a cylindrical wall 3. The receiving area of the container for a dust mixture is limited by the wall 3 and the flow floor 4. The flow floor 4 is permeable to air, but the mesh size is so small that it cannot be penetrated by the dusts of the dust mixture. A lower container area 6 is used to supply fluidizing air through a fluidizing air supply line 7, which runs through the flow floor 4 essentially vertically from bottom to top and then through the dust mixture 5 above the flow floor 4 before the fluidizing air leaves the container 2 through a fluidizing air discharge line 8. The dust mixture 5 is fed to the separating device 1 via a cellular wheel 9 .

Bei dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel hat der Behälter 2 die Gestalt eines senkrecht stehenden Zylinders. Andere Behälterformen, die im Wesentlichen gleichbleibende horizontale Querschnitte des Staubgemisches oberhalb des Fließbodens festlegen, kommen gleichfalls in Betracht.At the in 1 shown embodiment, the container 2 has the shape of a vertical cylinder. Other container shapes that define essentially constant horizontal cross-sections of the dust mixture above the flow floor are also contemplated.

Der Fließboden 4 besteht bei dem gezeigten bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel aus einem Polyestergewebe, dessen Strömungswiderstand für die Fluidisierungsluft höher ist als der Strömungswiderstand des partiell fluidisierten Staubgemisches 5 oberhalb des Fließbodens. Der Strömungswiderstand des Fließbodens ist derart gewählt, dass bei einer Fluidisierungsluftmenge pro Quadratmeter des horizontalen Querschnitts des Staubgemisches zwischen 60 m3 h-1 und 160 m3 h-1, vorzugsweise von 100 m3 h-1 ein Druckabfall über den Fließboden von mindestens 1000 Nm-2, vorzugsweise von mehr als 1500 Nm-2 auftritt. Bei den genannten Fluidisierungsluftmengen und dem genannten Strömungswiderstand des Fließbodens 4 ergibt sich eine stabile partielle Fluidisierung des leichteren der beiden Staubanteile, wenn dessen Dichte im Ruhezustand im Bereich typischer Dichten organischer Stäube liegt, die zwischen 300 kgm-3 und 800 kgm-3 variieren. Sehr gute Fluidisierungsergebnisse wurden bei einem Fließboden mit einem Strömungswiderstand erzielt, der bei einer Fluidisierungsluftmenge pro Quadratmeter von 100 m3 h-1 zu einem Druckabfall über den Fließboden von 2000 Nm-2 führt.In the preferred exemplary embodiment shown, the flow floor 4 consists of a polyester fabric whose flow resistance for the fluidizing air is higher than the flow resistance of the partially fluidized dust mixture 5 above the flow floor. The flow resistance of the flow floor is selected in such a way that with a fluidization air volume per square meter of the horizontal cross-section of the dust mixture between 60 m 3 h -1 and 160 m 3 h -1 , preferably 100 m 3 h -1 , a pressure drop across the flow floor of at least 1000 Nm -2 , preferably greater than 1500 Nm -2 . With the fluidization air quantities mentioned and the flow resistance of the flow floor 4 mentioned, a stable partial fluidization of the lighter of the two dust fractions results if its density at rest is in the range of typical densities of organic dusts, which vary between 300 kgm -3 and 800 kgm -3 . Very good fluidization results were achieved with a flow floor with a flow resistance which, with a fluidization air volume per square meter of 100 m 3 h -1 , leads to a pressure drop across the flow floor of 2000 Nm -2 .

Der Behälter 3 hat nahe dem Fließboden 4 bezogen auf die Behälterhöhe eine erste Entnahmeöffnung 10 zur Entnahme des Staubanteils mit der höheren Dichte und, oberhalb der Entnahmeöffnung 10, eine zweite Entnahmeöffnung 11 zur Entnahme des Staubanteils mit der geringeren Dichte.The container 3 has near the flow floor 4 based on the container height, a first removal opening 10 for removing the dust fraction with the higher density and, above the Removal opening 10, a second removal opening 11 for removing the dust fraction with the lower density.

Eine erhöhte Trennwirkung wird erreicht, wenn die Entnahmeöffnungen 10, 11 in horizontaler Richtung möglichst weit beabstandet sind von demjenigen Bereich, in den das Staubgemisch 5 durch das Zellenrad 9 eingebracht wird.An increased separating effect is achieved if the extraction openings 10, 11 are as far apart as possible in the horizontal direction from that area into which the dust mixture 5 is introduced by the cellular wheel 9.

Verwendet man die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Ausführungsform der Trennvorrichtung 1 zum Trennen von Braunkohlestaub oder Klärschlammstaub einerseits von Sand andererseits, so führt die partielle Fluidisierung des Braunkohlestaubes oder Klärschlammstaubes zu einer fluidisierten Braunkohlestaubschicht oder Klärschlammstaubschicht von weitgehend konstanter Dichte, welche im Fall von Braunkohlestaub bei 310 kgm-3 und im Falle von Klärschlammstaub bei 350 kgm-3 liegt. Innerhalb des partiell fluidisierten Staubgemisches kommt es zu einem gleichmäßigen Aufschwimmen der organischen Stäube auf den sich absetzenden anorganischen Stäuben. Der Bereich 12 oberhalb des partiell fluidisierten Kohlenstaubes innerhalb des Behälters 3 ist optisch staubfrei. In diesem Bereich verbliebene Staubmengen sind für technische Anwendungszwecke vemachlässigbar.If you use the in 1 shown embodiment of the separating device 1 for separating lignite dust or sewage sludge dust on the one hand from sand on the other hand, the partial fluidization of the lignite dust or sewage sludge dust leads to a fluidized lignite dust layer or sewage sludge dust layer of largely constant density, which in the case of lignite dust is 310 kgm -3 and in the case of sewage sludge dust is 350 kgm -3 . Within the partially fluidized dust mixture, the organic dust floats evenly on the settling inorganic dust. The area 12 above the partially fluidized coal dust within the container 3 is optically dust-free. Amounts of dust remaining in this area are negligible for technical purposes.

Das Vorhandensein einer anorganischen Schicht im Bereich des Fließbodens 4 kann unter Verwendung von Temperatursensoren 13, 14 an der Außenseite des Behälters festgestellt werden. Sobald sich im Bereich des Fließbodens 4 eine Schicht aus anorganischem Staub aufgebaut hat, fällt die von dem unteren Temperatursensor 14 erfasste Temperatur deutlich gegenüber der von dem oberen Temperatursensor 13 erfassten Temperatur ab. Diese Temperaturdifferenzerfassung kann verwendet werden, um die Entnahme des anorganischen Staubanteils durch die erste Entnahmeöffnung 10 zu veranlassen.The presence of an inorganic layer in the area of the flow floor 4 can be detected using temperature sensors 13, 14 on the outside of the container. As soon as a layer of inorganic dust has built up in the area of the moving floor 4 , the temperature recorded by the lower temperature sensor 14 falls significantly compared to the temperature recorded by the upper temperature sensor 13 . This temperature difference detection can be used to cause the inorganic dust component to be discharged through the first discharge opening 10 .

Fig. 2 zeigt eine bauliche Variante der Anordnung der Entnahmeöffnung 10' für die Entnahme des schwereren oder dichteren Staubanteils. Die Entnahmeöffnung 10' ist in diesem Fall mit einem Auslauftrichter 15 verbunden, der in den Fließboden 4 eingelassen ist. 2 shows a structural variant of the arrangement of the removal opening 10 'for the removal of the heavier or denser dust fraction. In this case, the removal opening 10 ′ is connected to an outlet funnel 15 which is let into the flow floor 4 .

Wie in Fig. 3 verdeutlicht ist, kann der Fließboden 5 auch konisch in der Weise ausgestaltet sein, dass ein Auslauftrichter 15' im unteren Bereich des Konus mit der ersten Entnahmeöffnung 10" verbunden ist. Die konische Ausgestaltung des Fließbodens 5 erleichtert den Abzug etwaiger gröberer Verunreinigungen.As in 3 is made clear, the flow floor 5 can also be designed conically in such a way that an outlet funnel 15' in the lower area of the cone is connected to the first removal opening 10". The conical design of the flow floor 5 facilitates the removal of any coarser impurities.

Wie in Fig. 4 gezeigt ist, kann der Behälter 3 in einem Bereich oberhalb der zweiten Entnahmeöffnung 11 mit einer unteren Niveausonde 16 und einer oberen Niveausonde 17 versehen sein, welche ausgebildet sind, um den Stand des fluidisierten Staubanteils der niedrigeren Dichte zu erfassen. Aufgrund der Messsignale der Niveausonden 16, 17 kann die Zufuhr des Staubgemisches mittels des Zellenrads 9 derart gesteuert werden, dass sich das Niveau des fluidisierten Staubanteils von niedrigerer Dichte zwischen den beiden Niveausonden 16, 17 einstellt.As in 4 As shown, the container 3 may be provided in a region above the second discharge port 11 with a lower level probe 16 and an upper level probe 17 which are adapted to detect the level of the fluidized dust fraction of the lower to detect density. Based on the measurement signals from the level probes 16, 17, the supply of the dust mixture can be controlled by means of the star feeder 9 in such a way that the level of the fluidized dust fraction of lower density between the two level probes 16, 17 is adjusted.

Bei manchen Stäuben erweist sich die Wahl der erforderlichen Fluidisierungsluftmenge innerhalb der oben angegebenen Fluidisierungsluftmengenbereiche pro Quadratmeter des horizontalen Querschnitts des Staubgemisches als problematisch, um einerseits eine Fluidisierung des leichteren Staubanteils zu erreichen und um andererseits Luftdurchbrüche zu verhindern. Eine Stabilisierung des partiellen Fluidisierens und damit eine Verbesserung des Trennverhaltens erreicht man bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 4 durch Verwendung eines Rührers 18 mit einer rotierenden Welle 19, an der Rührarme 20 im Bereich kurz oberhalb der Schicht des Staubes mit der höheren Dichte angebracht sind. Vorzugsweise sind daher die Rührarme 12 vertikal geringfügig oberhalb der ersten Entnahmeöffnung 10 im Falle der seitlichen Entnahme des genannten Staubanteils angeordnet.With some types of dust, the selection of the required amount of fluidizing air within the above-mentioned ranges of fluidizing air quantities per square meter of the horizontal cross-section of the dust mixture proves to be problematic, on the one hand to achieve fluidization of the lighter dust fraction and on the other hand to prevent air breakthroughs. A stabilization of the partial fluidization and thus an improvement in the separation behavior is achieved in the embodiment according to FIG 4 by using an agitator 18 having a rotating shaft 19 to which agitator arms 20 are attached in the area just above the layer of higher density dust. Preferably, therefore, the agitator arms 12 are arranged vertically slightly above the first removal opening 10 in the case of lateral removal of said dust fraction.

Eine weitere Stabilisierung kann durch Verwendung mehrerer Rührarme (nicht dargestellt) erreicht werden, von denen wenigstens einer unterhalb der Oberfläche des fluidisierten Staubes niedriger Dichte angeordnet ist.Further stabilization can be achieved by using multiple paddles (not shown), at least one of which is positioned below the surface of the fluidized low density dust.

Claims (7)

  1. Method for separating a dust mixture (5) of a first dust of a first density and a second dust of a second density higher than the first density into its first and second dust portions, wherein a fluidizing gas flows through the dust mixture and the dust mixture is partially fluidized with respect to the first dust, wherein a vertical component of a fluidizing gas quantity flowing through the dust mixture is adjusted such that it causes fluidization of the first dust within an upper range and is lower than the vertical component of the fluidizing gas quantity flowing through the dust mixture in which fluidization of the second dust occurs within a lower range.
  2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first dust is an organic dust having a density at rest of 300 kgm-3 to 800 kgm-3 and wherein the second dust is an inorganic dust having a density at rest of 900 kgm-3 to 2000 kgm-3.
  3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the first dust is coal dust and the second dust is sand.
  4. Apparatus for separating a dust mixture of a first dust of a first density and a second dust of a second density higher than the first density into the first and second dust portions, comprising means (4) for partially fluidizing the dust mixture (5) with respect to the first dust which flows a fluidizing gas through the dust mixture (5), wherein the means (4) is configured to adjust a vertical component of an amount of fluidizing gas flowing through the dust mixture such that it causes fluidization of the first dust within an upper range and is lower than the vertical component of the amount of fluidizing gas flowing through the dust mixture in which fluidization of the second dust occurs within an lower range, the means comprising a container (2) for receiving the dust mixture (5) having a bottom (4) and walls (3), wherein the walls (3) define a cross-section of the dust mixture (5), substantially invariable from the distance to the bottom (4), which may be flowed by the fluidizing gas,
    wherein the bottom (4) is constituted by a flowable material through which the fluidizing gas can flow, which cannot be penetrated by the first or second dust; and wherein the flow resistance of the flowable bottom (4) is higher than that of the partially fluidized dust mixture; and
    wherein the flow resistance of the flowable bottom (4) is selected such that it causes a pressure drop across the flowable bottom of at least 1000 Nm-2, preferably of more than 1500 Nm-2, at a fluidization air quantity per square meter of the horizontal cross-section of the dust mixture of between 60 m3 h-1 and 160 m3 h-1, preferably of 100 m3 h-1.
  5. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the first dust is an organic dust having a density at rest of 300 kgm-3 to 800 kgm-3 and the second dust is an inorganic dust having a density at rest of 900 kgm-3 to 2000 kgm-3.
  6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the fluidizing gas is air which is passed substantially vertically from bottom to top through the dust mixture; and
    wherein the fluidizing air quantity per square meter of the horizontal cross-section of the dust mixture is between 60 m3 h-1 and 160 m3 h-1, preferably between 90 m3 h-1 and 120 m3 h-1.
  7. Apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the container (2) comprises a removal opening (10, 10', 10") for the second dust arranged close to the container bottom (4) compared to the container height and a removal opening (11) for the first dust arranged above the removal opening (10, 10', 10") for the second dust.
EP11007898.7A 2010-10-07 2011-09-29 Device and method for separating a dust mixture into its dust components Active EP2439001B1 (en)

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EP2822708B1 (en) * 2012-03-07 2017-05-03 Electricity Generation and Retail Corporation Method and apparatus for separating particulate matter
JP6206432B2 (en) * 2015-03-13 2017-10-04 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Dry density separator for powder and dry density separation method for powder
CN118002300B (en) * 2024-04-08 2024-06-18 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司 Coal preparation device for pulverized coal processing

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DE1211910B (en) * 1964-05-30 1966-03-03 Engelbrecht & Lemmerbrock Air separator
DE3126585C2 (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-08-04 Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG, 5000 Köln Process for separating sand from a sand-containing, dried lignite pile
DD244705A1 (en) * 1985-12-24 1987-04-15 Adw Ddr Inst Mechanik METHOD AND SWIVELING FAIR FOR THE SEPARATION OF A PARTICLE MIXTURE
JP2548519B2 (en) * 1993-04-12 1996-10-30 丸尾カルシウム株式会社 Fluidized bed classifier
DE19624303A1 (en) * 1996-06-18 1998-01-02 Kohlenstaubtechnik Dr Schoppe Method and device for fluidizing fine-grained bulk material
US5984105A (en) 1998-06-03 1999-11-16 General Kinematics Corporation Material classifying apparatus
US6467631B2 (en) * 2001-02-01 2002-10-22 Allmineral Llc Air sifting apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3102092A (en) * 1961-06-01 1963-08-27 Dorr Oliver Inc Fluidized bed classifier

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DE102010042167B4 (en) 2019-01-31

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