EP2438645A1 - Forward coupler comprising strip conductors - Google Patents

Forward coupler comprising strip conductors

Info

Publication number
EP2438645A1
EP2438645A1 EP10722603A EP10722603A EP2438645A1 EP 2438645 A1 EP2438645 A1 EP 2438645A1 EP 10722603 A EP10722603 A EP 10722603A EP 10722603 A EP10722603 A EP 10722603A EP 2438645 A1 EP2438645 A1 EP 2438645A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
dielectric
coupler according
grooves
lines
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10722603A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2438645B1 (en
Inventor
Ralf JÜNEMANN
Alexander Bayer
Michael Freissl
Christian Evers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rohde and Schwarz GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Rohde and Schwarz GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rohde and Schwarz GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Rohde and Schwarz GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2438645A1 publication Critical patent/EP2438645A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2438645B1 publication Critical patent/EP2438645B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coupler, in particular a forward coupler.
  • Electronic measuring devices for the Mirowellentechnik usually have to be designed very broadband to cover all possible applications of customers.
  • the lower frequency limit is then z. B. at 10 MHz and an upper frequency limit z. At 60GHz.
  • the generation and processing of such a frequency range is split internally into several meaningful subareas.
  • the sections must be combined with each other at the front socket. This can be done in a variety of ways. From the standpoint of the lowest possible level losses, 3dB feedforward couplers have proven to be the best solution.
  • US 5,055,807 Bl shows such a forward coupler.
  • the disadvantage here, however, is that the forward coupler shown causes a high production cost and, moreover, a connection of this coupler to other circuits is difficult.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a coupler, which allows a low production cost with ease of connection to other circuit elements.
  • a coupler according to the invention has a first line and a second line, each with two
  • the cables run in close proximity and are coupled.
  • a first connection of the first line and a first connection of the second line are in close proximity.
  • a second connection of the first line and a second connection of the second line are in close proximity.
  • a signal, which is fed to the first terminal of the first line is distributed to the second terminal of the first line and the second terminal of the second line, in particular at the design frequency to substantially equal parts.
  • the first terminal of the first line and the first terminal of the second line are largely isolated from each other.
  • the first line and the second line are strip conductors. So only a small production cost is necessary. Furthermore, this results in a simple connection to other circuit elements.
  • the band conductors are preferably guided by a dielectric whose special shape allows optimum adjustment of the characteristic properties of the DC and push-pull wave. A high mechanical stability is achieved.
  • the dielectric preferably has first grooves on opposite sides.
  • the strip lines are preferably guided in the first grooves. This achieves a further increase in mechanical stability. Furthermore, very precisely defined and thus easily calculated electromagnetic properties are achieved.
  • the first line and the second line outside the first grooves each have a greater width than inside the grooves.
  • the dielectric has recesses at entry points of the lines into the first grooves.
  • the coupler preferably has a housing, wherein the dielectric is preferably fastened between a first housing part and a second housing part by clamping.
  • the second grooves preferably run parallel to the first grooves. Thus, a low production cost is achieved.
  • the dielectric preferably generates by its shaping different dielectric constants for the DC and push-pull wave.
  • preference is given to the resulting difference between the phase velocity the DC and push-pull wave reaches the desired behavior of the coupler.
  • Push-pull wave This achieves reliable isolation of the terminals adjacent one end of the coupler.
  • the lines are advantageously connected at each of their terminals, each with a supply line.
  • a supply line of the first line and the second line preferably have a bend perpendicular to the course of the respective line.
  • the bend of one of the leads is preferably on the side of the first terminals.
  • the bend of the other lead is preferably on the side of the second terminals. A coupling of the leads is thus avoided.
  • the lines are alternatively connected at each of their connections, each with a supply line. All
  • Supply lines of the first line and / or the second line alternatively have a bend perpendicular to the course of the respective line. A coupling of the leads is thus avoided.
  • the dielectric preferably has recesses at entry points of the lines into the first grooves.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the coupler according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the coupler according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a section through the preferred
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 By means of FIGS. 1 to 4, the construction and operation of various forms of the coupler according to the invention is shown. Identical elements have not been repeatedly shown and described in similar figures.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the coupler according to the invention.
  • a first line 1 has the connections Tl and T2.
  • a second line 2 has the connections T4 and T3.
  • the first line and the second line are coupled to each other.
  • the lines 1, 2 have a length L.
  • Between the lines 1, 2 is a dielectric, which is not shown here, arranged.
  • the dielectric has in connection with the surrounding air due to the field distribution over a characteristic impedance Z e for the common mode wave and a characteristic impedance Z 0 for the push-pull shaft.
  • the dielectric also has in Connection with the surrounding air over an effective dielectric constant ⁇ e for the common mode wave and an effective dielectric constant ⁇ o for the push-pull wave.
  • the lines 1, 2 are band conductors.
  • the coupler according to the invention is at feeding a signal at the gate Tl a uniform distribution of power to the gates T2 and T3 at the same time
  • the effective dielectric constant must satisfy the condition ⁇ e ⁇ ⁇ o .
  • the length L is to be chosen so that, in particular for the desired design frequency, ie the frequency at which the coupler a fed to port 1 signal to substantially equal parts distributed to the gates 2 and 3, the phase difference between the DC and
  • Two lines 14, 15 are designed as a strip conductor and guided in grooves of a dielectric 16.
  • the lines 14, 15 run along the surface of the dielectric 16.
  • the lines 14, 15 preferably extend largely parallel.
  • the line 14 has the leads 10, 11.
  • the line 15 has the leads 12, 13.
  • the lead 10 is designed angled at 90 ° in order to prevent a coupling between the supply line 10 and the supply line 12.
  • the supply line 13 is also 90 ° designed angled to prevent a coupling between the supply line 11 and the supply line 13.
  • a preferred embodiment of the coupler according to the invention is shown.
  • the lines 22, 23 correspond to the lines 15, 14, of FIG. 2.
  • the line 22 is not visible on the back of the dielectric 19 corresponding to the line 23.
  • the supply line 20 of the line 22 is currently running.
  • the supply line 21 of the line 23 is executed angled at 90 °.
  • the lines 22, 23 extend in grooves 28, 29 of the dielectric 19.
  • the grooves 28, 29 are made slightly wider than the lines 22, 23.
  • the depth of the grooves 28, 29 preferably corresponds largely to the thickness of the lines 22, 23rd ,
  • the leads 20, 21 are designed to achieve the usual in metrology characteristic impedance of 50 ohms wider than the lines 22, 23.
  • the dielectric 19 then at the entry point of the supply line 21 recesses 24, 25.
  • the recesses 24, 25 in the dielectric 19 produce an inductance, whereby a compensation of the resulting by the jump 26, 27 in the line width capacity is achieved.
  • Corresponding recesses in the dielectric are used at the interface between the feed line 20 and the line 22, but are not shown here for the sake of clarity.
  • Fig. 4 shows a section through the preferred embodiment of the coupler according to the invention.
  • a sectional view through the dielectric 43 is shown.
  • the dielectric 43 has first Grooves 44, 45 on. In the first grooves 44, 45 extend the lines 39, 40.
  • the grooves 44, 45 are made slightly wider than the lines 39, 40.
  • the lines 39, 40 are preferably fixed by gluing or clamping in the grooves 44, 45.
  • the dielectric 43 also has second grooves 37, 38. In these grooves 37, 38 no lines are performed. That is, there is only the ambient air in the second grooves 37, 38th
  • the housing 30 consists of at least two housing parts
  • the dielectric 43 is fixed by clamping or gluing between the two housing parts 31, 32.
  • the dielectric 43 further comprises webs 33, 34, 35, 36.
  • the two housing parts are in each case with two webs 33, 34, 35, 36 in contact.
  • the grooves 37, 38 ensure a reliable contact of the housing parts 31, 32 on the webs 33, 34, 35, 36.
  • the housing 30 is made of a conductive material and preferably connected to ground.
  • the housing 30 thus forms the counter electrode to the lines 39, 40th
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment.
  • a dielectric for example, a wide variety of plastics that meet the conditions mentioned, e.g. Polystyrene, are used. All features described above or features shown in the figures can be combined with each other in any advantageous manner within the scope of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Waveguides (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a coupler having a first conductor (22) and a second conductor (23), each of which comprises two connections. The conductors (22, 23) run in close proximity to each other and are coupled together. A first connection of the first conductor (22) and a first connection of the second conductor (23) are in close proximity to each other. A second connection of the first conductor (22) and a second connection of the second conductor (23) are in close proximity to each other. A signal does not couple from the first connection of the first conductor (22) to the first connection of the second conductor (23), or it couples thereto only with high attenuation. The signal is divided into largely similar parts by the second connection of the first conductor (22) and by the second connection of the second conductor (23), particularly at a projected frequency. The first conductor (22) and the second conductor (23) are strip conductors.

Description

Vorwärtskoppler mit Bandleitern Feed forward coupler with strip conductors
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Koppler, insbesondere einen Vorwärtskoppler .The invention relates to a coupler, in particular a forward coupler.
Elektronische Messgeräte für die Mirowellentechnik müssen in der Regel sehr breitbandig ausgeführt sein, um alle möglichen Anwendungen der Kunden abdecken zu können. Die untere Frequenzgrenze liegt dann z. B. bei 10 MHz und eine obere Frequenzgrenze z. B. bei 60GHz. Die Erzeugung und Verarbeitung eines solchen Frequenzbereichs wird intern in mehrere sinnvolle Teilbereiche aufgespaltet. Die Teilbereiche müssen an der Frontbuchse miteinander kombiniert werden. Dies kann auf vielfältige Art und Weise geschehen. Unter dem Gesichtspunkt möglichst geringer Pegelverluste haben sich 3dB-Vorwärtskoppler als die beste Lösung erwiesen.Electronic measuring devices for the Mirowellentechnik usually have to be designed very broadband to cover all possible applications of customers. The lower frequency limit is then z. B. at 10 MHz and an upper frequency limit z. At 60GHz. The generation and processing of such a frequency range is split internally into several meaningful subareas. The sections must be combined with each other at the front socket. This can be done in a variety of ways. From the standpoint of the lowest possible level losses, 3dB feedforward couplers have proven to be the best solution.
So zeigt die US 5,055,807 Bl einen solchen Vorwärtskoppler. Nachteilhaft ist dort jedoch, dass der gezeigte Vorwärtskoppler einen hohen Herstellungsaufwand verursacht und darüber hinaus eine Anbindung dieses Kopplers an weitere Schaltungen schwierig ist.Thus, US 5,055,807 Bl shows such a forward coupler. The disadvantage here, however, is that the forward coupler shown causes a high production cost and, moreover, a connection of this coupler to other circuits is difficult.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen Koppler zu schaffen, welcher einen geringen Herstellungsaufwand bei einfacher Verbindbarkeit zu weiteren Schaltungselementen ermöglicht.The invention is based on the object to provide a coupler, which allows a low production cost with ease of connection to other circuit elements.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der hierauf rückbezogenen Unteransprüche .The object is achieved by the features of independent claim 1. advantageous Further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Koppler verfügt über eine erste Leitung und eine zweite Leitung mit jeweils zweiA coupler according to the invention has a first line and a second line, each with two
Anschlüssen. Die Leitungen verlaufen in räumlicher Nähe und sind gekoppelt. Ein erster Anschluss der ersten Leitung und ein erster Anschluss der zweiten Leitung befinden sich in räumlicher Nähe. Ein zweiter Anschluss der ersten Leitung und ein zweiter Anschluss der zweiten Leitung befinden sich in räumlicher Nähe. Ein Signal, welches an dem ersten Anschluss der ersten Leitung eingespeist wird, verteilt sich insbesondere bei der Entwurfsfreguenz zu weitgehend gleichen Teilen auf den zweiten Anschluss der ersten Leitung und den zweiten Anschluss der zweiten Leitung. Der erste Anschluss der ersten Leitung und der erste Anschluss der zweiten Leitung sind dabei weitgehend voneinander isoliert. Die erste Leitung und die zweite Leitung sind dabei Bandleiter. So ist lediglich ein geringer Herstellungsaufwand notwendig. Weiterhin ergibt sich so eine einfache Anbindung an weitere Schaltungselemente.Connections. The cables run in close proximity and are coupled. A first connection of the first line and a first connection of the second line are in close proximity. A second connection of the first line and a second connection of the second line are in close proximity. A signal, which is fed to the first terminal of the first line, is distributed to the second terminal of the first line and the second terminal of the second line, in particular at the design frequency to substantially equal parts. The first terminal of the first line and the first terminal of the second line are largely isolated from each other. The first line and the second line are strip conductors. So only a small production cost is necessary. Furthermore, this results in a simple connection to other circuit elements.
Die Bandleiter sind bevorzugt von einem Dielektrikum geführt, dessen spezielle Formgebung eine optimale Einstellung der charakteristischen Eigenschaften der Gleich- und Gegentaktwelle erlaubt. Eine hohe mechanische Stabilität wird so erreicht.The band conductors are preferably guided by a dielectric whose special shape allows optimum adjustment of the characteristic properties of the DC and push-pull wave. A high mechanical stability is achieved.
Das Dielektrikum weist bevorzugt auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten erste Nuten auf. Die Streifenleitungen sind bevorzugt in den ersten Nuten geführt. So wird eine weitere Erhöhung der mechanischen Stabilität erreicht. Weiterhin werden sehr genau definierte und damit einfach zu berechnende elektromagnetische Eigenschaften erreicht.The dielectric preferably has first grooves on opposite sides. The strip lines are preferably guided in the first grooves. This achieves a further increase in mechanical stability. Furthermore, very precisely defined and thus easily calculated electromagnetic properties are achieved.
Vorteilhafterweise weisen die erste Leitung und die zweite Leitung außerhalb der ersten Nuten jeweils eine größere Breite auf als innerhalb der Nuten. Vorteilhafterweise weist das Dielektrikum an Eintrittspunkten der Leitungen in die ersten Nuten Aussparungen auf. So wird eine Anpassung des Wellenwiderstands der Leitungen durch Kompensation des kapazitiven Querschnittssprungs erreicht.Advantageously, the first line and the second line outside the first grooves each have a greater width than inside the grooves. Advantageously, the dielectric has recesses at entry points of the lines into the first grooves. Thus, an adaptation of the characteristic impedance of the lines is achieved by compensation of the capacitive jump in the cross section.
Der Koppler weist bevorzugt ein Gehäuse auf, wobei das Dielektrikum bevorzugt zwischen einem ersten Gehäuseteil und einen zweiten Gehäuseteil durch Klemmen befestigt ist. So wird eine weitere Erhöhung der mechanischen Stabilität bei geringem Herstellungsaufwand erreicht.The coupler preferably has a housing, wherein the dielectric is preferably fastened between a first housing part and a second housing part by clamping. Thus, a further increase in mechanical stability is achieved with low production costs.
Zwei Flächen des Dielektrikums, mittels welcher es zwischen den Gehäuseteilen geklemmt ist, weisen bevorzugt jeweils eine zweite Nut auf. So wird eine sichereTwo surfaces of the dielectric, by means of which it is clamped between the housing parts, preferably each have a second groove. This will be a safe
Fixierung des Dielektrikums zwischen den Gehäuseteilen erreicht. Sehr genau definierte elektromagnetische Bedingungen werden so an den Rändern der Leitungen erreicht .Fixation of the dielectric between the housing parts achieved. Very well defined electromagnetic conditions are thus achieved at the edges of the lines.
Die zweiten Nuten verlaufen bevorzugt parallel zu den ersten Nuten. So wird ein geringer Herstellungsaufwand erreicht.The second grooves preferably run parallel to the first grooves. Thus, a low production cost is achieved.
Das Dielektrikum erzeugt bevorzugt durch seine Formgebung unterschiedliche Dielektrizitätskonstanten für die Gleich- und Gegentaktwelle . So wird bevorzugt über die daraus resultierende Differenz zwischen den Phasengeschwindig- keiten der Gleich- und Gegentaktwelle das gewünschte Verhalten des Kopplers erreicht.The dielectric preferably generates by its shaping different dielectric constants for the DC and push-pull wave. Thus, preference is given to the resulting difference between the phase velocity the DC and push-pull wave reaches the desired behavior of the coupler.
Das Dielektrikum erzeugt bevorzugt über seine Formgebung gleiche Wellenwiderstände für die Gleich- undThe dielectric preferably generates by its shape equal characteristic impedance for the DC and
Gegentaktwelle. So wird die zuverlässige Isolation der an einem Ende des Kopplers benachbarten Anschlüsse erreicht.Push-pull wave. This achieves reliable isolation of the terminals adjacent one end of the coupler.
Die Leitungen sind vorteilhafterweise an jedem ihrer Anschlüsse mit jeweils einer Zuleitung verbunden. Jeweils eine Zuleitung der ersten Leitung und der zweiten Leitung weisen bevorzugt eine Biegung senkrecht zu dem Verlauf der jeweiligen Leitung auf. Die Biegung einer der Zuleitungen liegt bevorzugt auf der Seite der ersten Anschlüsse. Die Biegung der anderen Zuleitung liegt bevorzugt auf der Seite der zweiten Anschlüsse. Eine Kopplung der Zuleitungen wird so vermieden.The lines are advantageously connected at each of their terminals, each with a supply line. In each case a supply line of the first line and the second line preferably have a bend perpendicular to the course of the respective line. The bend of one of the leads is preferably on the side of the first terminals. The bend of the other lead is preferably on the side of the second terminals. A coupling of the leads is thus avoided.
Die Leitungen sind alternativ an jedem ihrer Anschlüsse mit jeweils einer Zuleitung verbunden. SämtlicheThe lines are alternatively connected at each of their connections, each with a supply line. All
Zuleitungen der ersten Leitung und/oder der zweiten Leitung weisen alternativ eine Biegung senkrecht zu dem Verlauf der jeweiligen Leitung auf. Eine Kopplung der Zuleitungen wird so vermieden.Supply lines of the first line and / or the second line alternatively have a bend perpendicular to the course of the respective line. A coupling of the leads is thus avoided.
Das Dielektrikum weist an Eintrittspunkten der Leitungen in die ersten Nuten bevorzugt Aussparungen auf. So wird eine Kompensation der Streukapazität erreicht, die durch den Querschnittsprung von der Zuleitung auf den im Dielektrikum geführten Bandleiter entsteht.The dielectric preferably has recesses at entry points of the lines into the first grooves. Thus, a compensation of the stray capacitance is achieved, which results from the cross-sectional jump from the feed line to the guided in the dielectric strip conductor.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung, in der ein vorteilhaftes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt ist, ist beispielhaft beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigen:In the following the invention with reference to the drawing, in which an advantageous embodiment of the invention is illustrated is described by way of example. In the drawing show:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kopplers;Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the coupler according to the invention;
Fig. 2 ein vereinfachtes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kopplers;2 shows a simplified embodiment of the coupler according to the invention;
Fig. 3 ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kopplers, undFig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the coupler according to the invention, and
Fig. 4 einen Schnitt durch das bevorzugteFig. 4 is a section through the preferred
Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kopplers.Embodiment of the coupler according to the invention.
Mittels der Fig. 1 - 4 wird der Aufbau und die Funktionsweise verschiedener Formen des erfindungsgemäßen Kopplers gezeigt. Identische Elemente wurden in ähnlichen Abbildungen zum Teil nicht wiederholt dargestellt und beschrieben.By means of FIGS. 1 to 4, the construction and operation of various forms of the coupler according to the invention is shown. Identical elements have not been repeatedly shown and described in similar figures.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kopplers. Eine erste Leitung 1 verfügt über die Anschlüsse Tl und T2. Eine zweite Leitung 2 verfügt über die Anschlüsse T4 und T3. Die erste Leitung und die zweite Leitung sind dabei aneinander gekoppelt. Die Leitungen 1, 2 weisen eine Länge L auf. Zwischen den Leitungen 1, 2 ist ein Dielektrikum, welches hier nicht dargestellt ist, angeordnet. Das Dielektrikum verfügt in Verbindung mit der umgebenden Luft aufgrund der Feldverteilung über einen Wellenwiderstand Ze für die Gleichtaktwelle und einen Wellenwiderstand Z0 für die Gegentaktwelle. Das Dielektrikum verfügt weiterhin in Verbindung mit der umgebenden Luft über eine effektive Dielektrizitätskonstante εe für die Gleichtaktwelle und eine effektive Dielektrizitätskonstante εo für die Gegentaktwelle. Ist der Koppler erfindungsgemäß ausgeführt, handelt es sich bei den Leitungen 1, 2 um Bandleiter.Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the coupler according to the invention. A first line 1 has the connections Tl and T2. A second line 2 has the connections T4 and T3. The first line and the second line are coupled to each other. The lines 1, 2 have a length L. Between the lines 1, 2 is a dielectric, which is not shown here, arranged. The dielectric has in connection with the surrounding air due to the field distribution over a characteristic impedance Z e for the common mode wave and a characteristic impedance Z 0 for the push-pull shaft. The dielectric also has in Connection with the surrounding air over an effective dielectric constant ε e for the common mode wave and an effective dielectric constant ε o for the push-pull wave. If the coupler is designed according to the invention, the lines 1, 2 are band conductors.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Koppler wird bei Einspeisung eines Signals am Tor Tl eine gleichmäßige Aufteilung der Leistung an die Tore T2 und T3 bei gleichzeitigerIn the coupler according to the invention is at feeding a signal at the gate Tl a uniform distribution of power to the gates T2 and T3 at the same time
Isolation des Tors T4 und Anpassung aller Tore erreicht. Hierzu muss zunächst die Bedingung Ze = Z0 = Z0, wobei Z0 dem Wellenwiderstand der das Signal zuführenden Leitungen entspricht, erfüllt werden. Zusätzlich muss die effektive Dielektrizitätskonstante der Bedingung εe Φ εo genügen. Die Länge L ist dabei so zu wählen, dass insbesondere für die gewünschte Entwurfsfrequenz, d.h. die Frequenz, bei welcher der Koppler ein an Tor 1 eingespeistes Signal zu weitgehend gleichen Teilen auf die Tore 2 und 3 verteilt, die Phasendifferenz zwischen der Gleich- undIsolation of the gate T4 and adjustment of all goals achieved. For this purpose, first the condition Z e = Z 0 = Z 0 , where Z 0 corresponds to the characteristic impedance of the lines supplying the signal, must be fulfilled. In addition, the effective dielectric constant must satisfy the condition ε e Φ ε o . The length L is to be chosen so that, in particular for the desired design frequency, ie the frequency at which the coupler a fed to port 1 signal to substantially equal parts distributed to the gates 2 and 3, the phase difference between the DC and
Gegentaktwelle über die Lauflänge L des Kopplers exakt - 90° beträgt.Push-pull shaft over the run length L of the coupler exactly - 90 °.
In Fig. 2 ist ein vereinfachtes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kopplers gezeigt. Zwei Leitungen 14, 15 sind als Bandleiter ausgeführt und in Nuten eines Dielektrikums 16 geführt. Die Leitungen 14, 15 verlaufen dabei entlang der Oberfläche des Dielektrikums 16. Die Leitungen 14, 15 verlaufen bevorzugt weitgehend parallel. Die Leitung 14 verfügt über die Zuleitungen 10, 11. Die Leitung 15 verfügt über die Zuleitungen 12, 13. Die Zuleitung 10 ist dabei um 90° abgewinkelt ausgeführt, um eine Kopplung zwischen der Zuleitung 10 und der Zuleitung 12 zu verhindern. Die Zuleitung 13 ist ebenfalls um 90° abgewinkelt ausgeführt, um eine Kopplung zwischen der Zuleitung 11 und der Zuleitung 13 zu verhindern.2, a simplified embodiment of the coupler according to the invention is shown. Two lines 14, 15 are designed as a strip conductor and guided in grooves of a dielectric 16. The lines 14, 15 run along the surface of the dielectric 16. The lines 14, 15 preferably extend largely parallel. The line 14 has the leads 10, 11. The line 15 has the leads 12, 13. The lead 10 is designed angled at 90 ° in order to prevent a coupling between the supply line 10 and the supply line 12. The supply line 13 is also 90 ° designed angled to prevent a coupling between the supply line 11 and the supply line 13.
In Fig. 3 ist ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kopplers dargestellt. Die Leitungen 22, 23 entsprechen den Leitungen 15, 14, aus Fig. 2. Die Leitung 22 verläuft dabei nicht sichtbar auf der Rückseite des Dielektrikums 19 entsprechend der Leitung 23. Die Zuleitung 20 der Leitung 22 ist dabei gerade ausgeführt. Die Zuleitung 21 der Leitung 23 ist um 90° abgewinkelt ausgeführt. Die Leitungen 22, 23 verlaufen in Nuten 28, 29 des Dielektrikums 19. Die Nuten 28, 29 sind dabei geringfügig breiter ausgeführt, als die Leitungen 22, 23. Die Tiefe der Nuten 28, 29 entspricht bevorzugt weitgehend der Dicke der Leitungen 22, 23.In Fig. 3, a preferred embodiment of the coupler according to the invention is shown. The lines 22, 23 correspond to the lines 15, 14, of FIG. 2. The line 22 is not visible on the back of the dielectric 19 corresponding to the line 23. The supply line 20 of the line 22 is currently running. The supply line 21 of the line 23 is executed angled at 90 °. The lines 22, 23 extend in grooves 28, 29 of the dielectric 19. The grooves 28, 29 are made slightly wider than the lines 22, 23. The depth of the grooves 28, 29 preferably corresponds largely to the thickness of the lines 22, 23rd ,
Die Zuleitungen 20, 21 sind zur Erreichung des in der Messtechnik üblichen Wellenwiderstands von 50 Ohm breiter ausgeführt als die Leitungen 22, 23. Um den Sprung 26, 27 in der Breite zwischen der Leitung 23 und der Zuleitung 21 zu kompensieren, weist das Dielektrikum 19 dann an der Eintrittsstelle der Zuleitung 21 Aussparungen 24, 25 auf. Die Aussparungen 24, 25 im Dielektrikum 19 erzeugen eine Induktivität, wodurch eine Kompensation der durch den Sprung 26, 27 in der Leitungsbreite entstandenen Kapazität erreicht wird. Entsprechende Aussparungen im Dielektrikum werden an der Schnittestelle zwischen der Zuleitung 20 und der Leitung 22 eingesetzt, sind hier jedoch der Übersichtlichkeit halber nicht dargestellt.The leads 20, 21 are designed to achieve the usual in metrology characteristic impedance of 50 ohms wider than the lines 22, 23. In order to compensate for the jump 26, 27 in the width between the line 23 and the lead 21, the dielectric 19 then at the entry point of the supply line 21 recesses 24, 25. The recesses 24, 25 in the dielectric 19 produce an inductance, whereby a compensation of the resulting by the jump 26, 27 in the line width capacity is achieved. Corresponding recesses in the dielectric are used at the interface between the feed line 20 and the line 22, but are not shown here for the sake of clarity.
Fig. 4 zeigt einen Schnitt durch das bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kopplers. In dieser Zeichnung ist eine Schnittdarstellung durch das Dielektrikum 43 gezeigt. Das Dielektrikum 43 weist erste Nuten 44, 45 auf. In den ersten Nuten 44, 45 verlaufen die Leitungen 39, 40. Die Nuten 44, 45 sind dabei geringfügig breiter ausgeführt als die Leitungen 39, 40. Die Leitungen 39, 40 sind bevorzugt durch Kleben oder Klemmen in den Nuten 44, 45 befestigt. Das Dielektrikum 43 weist weiterhin zweite Nuten 37, 38 auf. In diesen Nuten 37, 38 werden keine Leitungen geführt. D.h. es befindet sich lediglich die Umgebungsluft in den zweiten Nuten 37, 38.Fig. 4 shows a section through the preferred embodiment of the coupler according to the invention. In this drawing, a sectional view through the dielectric 43 is shown. The dielectric 43 has first Grooves 44, 45 on. In the first grooves 44, 45 extend the lines 39, 40. The grooves 44, 45 are made slightly wider than the lines 39, 40. The lines 39, 40 are preferably fixed by gluing or clamping in the grooves 44, 45. The dielectric 43 also has second grooves 37, 38. In these grooves 37, 38 no lines are performed. That is, there is only the ambient air in the second grooves 37, 38th
Das Gehäuse 30 besteht aus zumindest zwei GehäuseteilenThe housing 30 consists of at least two housing parts
31, 32. Das Dielektrikum 43 wird durch Klemmen oder Kleben zwischen den beiden Gehäuseteilen 31, 32 befestigt. Neben den zweiten Nuten 37, 38 weist das Dielektrikum 43 weiterhin Stege 33, 34, 35, 36 auf. Die beiden Gehäuseteile stehen jeweils mit zwei Stegen 33, 34, 35, 36 in Kontakt. Die Nuten 37, 38 sorgen für ein zuverlässiges Aufliegen der Gehäuseteile 31, 32 auf den Stegen 33, 34, 35, 36. So werden definierte Bedingungen an den Orten maximaler Feldstärke, den oberen und unteren Rändern der Leitungen 39, 40 erreicht.31, 32. The dielectric 43 is fixed by clamping or gluing between the two housing parts 31, 32. In addition to the second grooves 37, 38, the dielectric 43 further comprises webs 33, 34, 35, 36. The two housing parts are in each case with two webs 33, 34, 35, 36 in contact. The grooves 37, 38 ensure a reliable contact of the housing parts 31, 32 on the webs 33, 34, 35, 36. Thus, defined conditions at the locations of maximum field strength, the upper and lower edges of the lines 39, 40 are achieved.
Das Gehäuse 30 ist dabei aus einem leitfähigen Material gefertigt und bevorzugt mit Masse verbunden. Das Gehäuse 30 bildet so die Gegenelektrode zu den Leitungen 39, 40.The housing 30 is made of a conductive material and preferably connected to ground. The housing 30 thus forms the counter electrode to the lines 39, 40th
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. Als Dielektrikum können beispielsweise unterschiedlichste Kunststoffe, welche die genannten Bedingungen erfüllen, z.B. Polystyrol, eingesetzt werden. Alle vorstehend beschriebenen Merkmale oder in den Figuren gezeigten Merkmale sind im Rahmen der Erfindung beliebig vorteilhaft miteinander kombinierbar. The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment. As a dielectric, for example, a wide variety of plastics that meet the conditions mentioned, e.g. Polystyrene, are used. All features described above or features shown in the figures can be combined with each other in any advantageous manner within the scope of the invention.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Koppler mit einer ersten Leitung (1, 14, 23, 40 und einer zweiten Leitung (2,15,22,39) mit jeweils zwei Anschlüssen (Tl, T2, T3, T4), wobei die Leitungen (1, 2, 14, 15, 22, 23, 39, 40) in räumlicher Nähe verlaufen und gekoppelt sind, wobei ein erster Anschluss (Tl) der ersten Leitung (1, 14, 23, 40) und ein erster Anschluss (T4) der zweiten Leitung (2, 15, 22, 39) sich in räumlicher Nähe befinden, wobei ein zweiter Anschluss (T2) der ersten Leitung (1, 14, 23, 40) und ein zweiter Anschluss (T3) der zweiten Leitung (2, 15, 22, 39) sich in räumlicher Nähe befinden, wobei ein Signal von dem ersten Anschluss (Tl) der ersten Leitung (1, 14, 23, 40) nicht oder nur mit einer hohen1. coupler having a first line (1, 14, 23, 40 and a second line (2, 15, 22, 39) each having two terminals (T1, T2, T3, T4), the lines (1, 2, 14, 15, 22, 23, 39, 40) are in spatial proximity and coupled, wherein a first terminal (Tl) of the first line (1, 14, 23, 40) and a first terminal (T4) of the second line ( 2, 15, 22, 39) are in spatial proximity, wherein a second terminal (T2) of the first line (1, 14, 23, 40) and a second terminal (T3) of the second line (2, 15, 22, 39) are in spatial proximity, wherein a signal from the first terminal (Tl) of the first line (1, 14, 23, 40) not or only with a high
Dämpfung auf den ersten Anschluss (T4) der zweiten Leitung (2, 15, 22, 39) koppelt und sich insbesondere bei einer Entwurfsfreguenz zu weitgehend gleichen Teilen auf den zweiten Anschluss (T2) der ersten Leitung (1, 14, 23, 40) und den zweiten Anschluss (T3) der zweiten Leitung (2, 15, 22, 39) aufteilt und wobei die erste Leitung (1, 14, 23, 40) und die zweite Leitung (2, 15, 22, 39) Bandleiter sind.Damping on the first terminal (T4) of the second line (2, 15, 22, 39) coupled and, in particular at a design frequency to substantially equal parts to the second terminal (T2) of the first line (1, 14, 23, 40) and the second terminal (T3) of the second line (2, 15, 22, 39) and wherein the first line (1, 14, 23, 40) and the second line (2, 15, 22, 39) are strip conductors.
2. Koppler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bandleiter (1, 2, 14, 15, 22, 23, 39, 40) auf einem Dielektrikum (16, 19, 43) angeordnet sind.2. Coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that the band conductors (1, 2, 14, 15, 22, 23, 39, 40) on a dielectric (16, 19, 43) are arranged.
3. Koppler nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Dielektrikum (16, 19, 43) auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten erste Nuten (28, 29, 44, 45) aufweist, und dass die Bandleiter (1, 2, 14, 15, 22, 23, 39, 40) in den ersten Nuten (28, 29, 44, 45) geführt sind.3. Coupler according to claim 2, characterized in that the dielectric (16, 19, 43) on opposite sides of first grooves (28, 29, 44, 45), and in that the strip conductors (1, 2, 14, 15, 22, 23, 39, 40) are guided in the first grooves (28, 29, 44, 45).
4. Koppler nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Leitung (1, 14, 23, 40) und die zweite Leitung (2, 15, 22, 39) außerhalb der ersten Nuten (28, 29, 44, 45) jeweils eine größere Breite aufweisen als innerhalb der Nuten (28, 29, 44, 45), und dass das Dielektrikum (16, 19, 43) an Eintrittspunkten der Leitungen (1, 2, 14, 15, 22, 23, 39, 40) in die ersten Nuten (28, 29, 44, 45) Aussparungen (26, 27) aufweist.4. Coupler according to claim 3, characterized in that the first line (1, 14, 23, 40) and the second line (2, 15, 22, 39) outside the first grooves (28, 29, 44, 45) respectively have a greater width than inside the grooves (28, 29, 44, 45), and that the dielectric (16, 19, 43) at entry points of the lines (1, 2, 14, 15, 22, 23, 39, 40) in the first grooves (28, 29, 44, 45) recesses (26, 27).
5. Koppler nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Koppler ein Gehäuse (30) aufweist und dass das Dielektrikum (43) zwischen einem ersten Gehäuseteil (31) und einen zweiten Gehäuseteil (32) durch Klemmen befestigt ist.5. Coupler according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the coupler has a housing (30) and that the dielectric (43) between a first housing part (31) and a second housing part (32) is fixed by clamping.
6. Koppler nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei Flächen des Dielektrikums (43), mittels welcher es zwischen den Gehäuseteilen (31, 32) geklemmt ist, jeweils eine zweite Nut (37, 38) aufweisen.6. Coupler according to claim 5, characterized in that two surfaces of the dielectric (43), by means of which it is clamped between the housing parts (31, 32), each having a second groove (37, 38).
7. Koppler nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweiten Nuten (37, 38) parallel zu den ersten Nuten (44, 45) verlaufen.7. Coupler according to claim 6, characterized in that the second grooves (37, 38) parallel to the first grooves (44, 45) extend.
8. Koppler nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Dielektrikum (16, 19, 43) in Verbindung mit der umgebenden Luft unterschiedliche effektive Dielektrizitätskonstanten für die Gleichtaktwelle und für die Gegentaktwelle erzeugt.8. Coupler according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the dielectric (16, 19, 43) in conjunction with the ambient air produces different effective dielectric constants for the common mode wave and for the differential mode wave.
9. Koppler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leitungen (14, 15, 22, 23) an jedem ihrer Anschlüsse (Tl, T2, T3, T4) mit jeweils einer Zuleitung (10, 11, 12, 13, 20, 21) verbunden sind und dass jeweils eine Zuleitung (10, 21) der ersten Leitung (14, 23) und eine Zuleitung (13) der zweiten Leitung (15, 22) eine Biegung senkrecht zu dem Verlauf der jeweiligen Leitung (14, 15, 22, 23) aufweisen.9. Coupler according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the lines (14, 15, 22, 23) at each of its terminals (Tl, T2, T3, T4) each having a feed line (10, 11, 12, 13, 20, 21) are connected and that in each case a feed line (10, 21) of the first line (14, 23) and a feed line (13) of the second line (15, 22) a bend perpendicular to the course of the respective line ( 14, 15, 22, 23).
10. Koppler nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Biegung einer der Zuleitungen (10, 21) auf der Seite der ersten Anschlüsse liegt, und dass die Biegung der anderen Zuleitung (13) auf der Seite der zweiten Anschlüsse liegt.10. A coupler according to claim 9, characterized in that the bend of one of the feed lines (10, 21) is located on the side of the first terminals, and that the bend of the other feed line (13) lies on the side of the second terminals.
11. Koppler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leitungen an jedem ihrer Anschlüsse mit jeweils einer Zuleitung verbunden ist, dass sämtliche Zuleitungen der ersten Leitung und/oder der zweiten Leitung eine Biegung senkrecht zu dem Verlauf der jeweiligen Leitung aufweisen.11. Coupler according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the lines is connected at each of its terminals, each having a feed line, that all leads of the first line and / or the second line have a bend perpendicular to the course of the respective line ,
12. Koppler nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Dielektrikum (19) an Eintrittspunkten der Leitungen (22, 23) in erste Nuten (28, 29) Aussparungen (24, 25) aufweist.12. Coupler according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized the dielectric (19) has recesses (24, 25) at entry points of the lines (22, 23) into first grooves (28, 29).
13. Koppler nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Dielektrikum (16, 19, 43) in Verbindung mit umgebender Luft gleiche Wellenwiderstände für eine Gleichtaktwelle und für eine Gegentaktwelle erzeugt, und dass diese Wellenwiderstände dem Wellenwiderstand der Zuleitungen entsprechen. 13. Coupler according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the dielectric (16, 19, 43) generates in connection with ambient air equal characteristic impedance for a common mode wave and a push-pull wave, and that these characteristic impedances correspond to the characteristic impedance of the leads.
EP10722603.7A 2009-06-04 2010-05-14 Forward coupler comprising strip conductors Active EP2438645B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE102009023873 2009-06-04
DE102009048148A DE102009048148A1 (en) 2009-06-04 2009-10-02 Feed forward coupler with strip conductors
PCT/EP2010/002960 WO2010139392A1 (en) 2009-06-04 2010-05-14 Forward coupler comprising strip conductors

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EP2438645A1 true EP2438645A1 (en) 2012-04-11
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WO2014034582A1 (en) * 2012-08-29 2014-03-06 イーグル工業株式会社 Mechanical seal
US9184484B2 (en) * 2012-10-31 2015-11-10 Keysight Technologies, Inc. Forward coupled directional coupler

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US4139827A (en) * 1977-02-16 1979-02-13 Krytar High directivity TEM mode strip line coupler and method of making same
US4737740A (en) 1983-05-26 1988-04-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Discontinuous-taper directional coupler
US5055807A (en) * 1989-01-09 1991-10-08 Wiltron Company Method and apparatus for multiplexing broad band high frequency signals for use in network analyzers
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US20120068786A1 (en) 2012-03-22
US8779871B2 (en) 2014-07-15

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