EP2437947B1 - Coating article intended to be applied to wall to be decorated and associated production method and application method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates generally to the techniques of transposition or transfer of decorative layers.

Numerous techniques are already known for transposing a decorative layer, by dry or wet route.

Conventionally, wet is the technique of wallpaper or decal, while the dry process involves the use of a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive, preserved until used with a peelable film.

In general, these known techniques imply that the decorative layer itself is on a support having a certain thickness, which has the effect, in general desired, of erasing the unevenness of the surface which receives the decorative layer.

It is also known from the document WO-2006/084865 decorative layer transposition techniques aiming at a result visually similar to that obtained by a conventional painting technique, and secondly can be implemented economically, simple and not messy. One of these techniques employs a first temporary support on which a film of material to be painted is directly applied, with limited adhesion forces.

The film being dry, it applies a first adhesive, for example water-deactivatable, and then applied against the film a second thin temporary support high deformability and partially absorbent. This first adhesive generates between the film and said second temporary support adhesion forces greater than those existing between the film and the first temporary support.

After sufficient drying of the first adhesive, the assembly formed by the second temporary support and the film is peeled away from the first temporary support.

The film retained is then adhered to the second temporary support with a second adhesive, the whole is applied against the final support, and after drying of the second adhesive, the second temporary support is moistened with water and then the second medium is peeled off. temporary support by leaving the paint film on the final support.

According to another of the techniques described in this document, there is prepared an assembly formed of a temporary support and a film of paint material directly applied to it with limited adhesion forces. After drying, an adhesive is applied to a definitive support and / or to the film, such that after application of the assembly to this final support, and drying of the adhesive, the temporary support can be peeled off leaving the film on the substrate. definitive support.

According to another technique described in this document, a film of material to be painted is applied directly to a support able to pass through a printing machine, and the dry film is directly printed in this machine.

Moreover, when the paint film is a coating layer, the techniques for applying the layer on a wall are still different. In general, a coating is a layer consisting of binders and mineral fillers whose role is to protect the wall on which it is applied, to isolate and improve the appearance. It may further comprise pigments for coloring and giving it a decorative appearance.

The coating can be prepared at the place of application, typically on a construction site from a powder that is mixed with water, or manufactured in the form of a paste. It is then applied to the wall to rectify its surface irregularities (holes, cracks, etc.), smoothed and flattened by means of a trowel, then dried and sanded. The operation is

However, this method of applying a coating is long and difficult to implement, and all the more so when it is desired that the outer surface be aesthetic and durable, perfectly flat and smooth. Indeed, the quality of fund preparation is mainly due to the perfect realization of coatings

In addition, the application of the coating releases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are harmful to the environment.

We know from the document US 2006/165979 A1 a method of manufacturing a dry color sheet which is applied against a support which will play a molding role for the sheet. However, this document does not teach or suggest at all to give the thickness of the sheet a sufficient value so that it can substitute for a coating made traditionally.

We know by WO 98/17855 A1 a plaster sheet that can have a thickness of 0.05 to 3 mm. However, such a sheet has an unfinished surface, which requires finishing work after installation and before application for example of paint.

The present invention aims to provide a sheet article acting as a coating and decorative layer that is easy and quick to put on a wall little or not prepared. For this purpose, the article has a thickness and a surface stiffness capable of masking defects or cracks on a wall.

In addition, this article has a quality finish, which is obtained by the presence of an already integrated decorative surface layer, and by a surface treatment type molding or micromolding. It is therefore not necessary to proceed to the application of a complementary layer, unlike the conventional application of a coating.

The invention also aims at providing a method for applying a sheet article to walls to be decorated, as well as an associated article, in which the article is glued directly against the wall without particular preparation of the surfaces in a rapid manner. and reliable. Indeed, the article is already dry at the time of application, and its surface is robust, or even protected by a molding support.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a sheet article having novel properties, such as surface texturing, incorporating decorative, active or activatable elements, heat capacity, energy recovery, lighting, etc.

According to another aspect, the object of the invention is to propose a sheet article for applying decorative layers, which may optionally be printed, on any type of wall to be decorated.

The invention further aims to provide a method of manufacturing such a sheet article for applying decorative layers on walls that is simple to implement and inexpensive.

For this, the invention proposes a sheet-coating article as defined in claim 1.

Such a plaster article is therefore simple to apply to a wall to decorate without prior preparation, and provides a coating having a quality finish, and even no longer requiring a finishing step of the paint or coating application type decorative.

• l'article comprenant une couche additionnelle disposée entre la couche d'enduit et la première face du support moulant, de manière à former une couche superficielle après la couche additionnelle est une couche décorative.

Some preferred but non-limiting aspects of an article according to the invention are the following:

• the article comprising an additional layer disposed between the plaster layer and the first face of the molding medium, so as to form a surface layer after the additional layer is a decorative layer.

• la couche décorative comprend l'un au moins des éléments du groupe suivant : une peinture, un vernis, des particules colorées, métalliques, nacrées, des microbilles, des particules fluorescentes, des particules luminescentes, des particules rétro-réfléchissantes, prises ou non dans un liant ;
• la couche superficielle est réalisée en un matériau apte à réagir au milieu auquel elle est exposée ;
• la couche superficielle est réalisé en un matériau choisi parmi : une peinture microtexturée, un milieu hydro-oléofuge, des zéolithes, des agents antifongiques, des agents anti-salissures, des biocides, des agents dépolluants ;
• la couche superficielle possède des propriétés physico-chimiques activables à l'air, à l'eau ou à la lumière ;
• la couche superficielle est protégée par une couche temporaire de protection.

Such surface layers give the article aesthetic properties difficult to obtain according to conventional manufacturing techniques, and also make it possible to create an article having active or activatable layers depending on the type of surface layers used.

• the decorative layer comprises at least one of the following group: a paint, a varnish, colored particles, metallic, pearlescent, microbeads, fluorescent particles, luminescent particles, retro-reflective particles, taken or not in a binder;
• the surface layer is made of a material capable of reacting with the medium to which it is exposed;
• the surface layer is made of a material chosen from: a microtextured paint, a water-oil-repellent medium, zeolites, antifungal agents, antifouling agents, biocides, depolluting agents;
• the surface layer has physicochemical properties that can be activated by air, water or light;
• the surface layer is protected by a temporary layer of protection.

• l'article comprend une couche additionnelle du côté de la couche d'enduit opposée au support moulant, de manière à constituer une couche intermédiaire après application de l'article sur la paroi.
• la couche intermédiaire est choisie parmi : une couche de renforcement mécanique, une couche formant barrière, une couche électriquement conductrice, une couche ayant des propriétés ferromagnétiques.

Thus, when the article is placed on the wall and the temporary protective layer is removed, peeled or dissolved, the intermediate layer can be activated in contact with the ambient environment.

• the article comprises an additional layer on the side of the coating layer opposite the molding support, so as to form an intermediate layer after application of the article on the wall.
• the intermediate layer is selected from: a mechanical reinforcing layer, a barrier layer, an electrically conductive layer, a layer having ferromagnetic properties.

Thanks to the conductive layer, the article can be connected for example to a low-voltage source, and supply components (light-emitting diodes, active sensors, sound devices, etc.) making it possible, for example, to diffuse heat, light, sound, electromagnetic waves, etc.

The conductive layer can also act as a surface sensor by integrating planar or reported photovoltaic elements, presence sensors, heat sensors, etc.

• la couche de renforcement mécanique est en un matériau anti-fissuration.
• la couche formant barrière forme une barrière thermique et/ou acoustique et est réalisée avec un matériau isolant et/ou un matériau poreux.
• la couche formant barrière est une couche continue formant barrière à la migration d'espèces atomiques, moléculaires ou ioniques.
• la couche conductrice est réalisée sous une forme choisie parmi : une feuille conductrice, un réseau de fils résistifs un polymère conducteur, des particules conductrices dispersées dans un liant.
• l'article comprend en outre deux couches électriquement isolantes situées de part et d'autre de la couche conductrice.
• la couche conductrice comporte des aménagements pour sa connexion électrique avec l'extérieur.
• l'article comprend en outre des moyens capteurs minces reliés auxdits aménagements.
• la couche intermédiaire est une couche ayant des propriétés ferromagnétiques formée de particules ferromagnétiques contenues dans un liant ; ainsi, elle peut permettre de retenir un élément aimanté ou comporter elle-même une aimantation.
• la couche d'enduit comprend au moins deux épaisseurs de matériaux différents dont au moins l'un est un enduit.
• la couche d'enduit comprend une épaisseur d'enduit d'une première teinte et une épaisseur de peinture d'une seconde teinte différente de la première.

This conductive layer can finally provide a protective role against electromagnetic waves by acting as a Faraday cage for example.

• the mechanical reinforcing layer is made of an anti-cracking material.
• the barrier layer forms a thermal and / or acoustic barrier and is made of an insulating material and / or a porous material.
• the barrier layer is a continuous layer forming a barrier to the migration of atomic, molecular or ionic species.
• the conductive layer is formed in a form chosen from: a conductive sheet, a resistive son network, a conductive polymer, conductive particles dispersed in a binder.
• the article further comprises two electrically insulating layers located on either side of the conductive layer.
• the conductive layer has arrangements for its electrical connection with the outside.
• the article further comprises thin sensing means connected to said arrangements.
• the intermediate layer is a layer having ferromagnetic properties formed of ferromagnetic particles contained in a binder; thus, it can make it possible to retain a magnetized element or to include itself a magnetization.
• the coating layer comprises at least two thicknesses of different materials of which at least one is a coating.
• the coating layer comprises a coating thickness of a first shade and a paint thickness of a second shade different from the first.

• l'enduit comprend un enduit sous forme de résine d'une souplesse et d'une épaisseur permettant de former l'article en un rouleau.
• l'enduit contient des fibres de renforcement.

For example, a layer of tinted paint is superimposed with a white coating. The aesthetic rendering of the article is therefore improved by the superposition of layers of coating having different hues.

• the coating comprises a resin-like coating of flexibility and thickness for forming the article into a roll.
• the coating contains reinforcing fibers.

• la couche d'enduit comporte un gaufrage sur sa face opposée au support moulant.

These fibers, mixed in the coating in pasty form, give the drying an additional resistance to the coating, thus constituting a mechanical reinforcement within the layer itself. These fibers are for example vegetable, mineral or metallic, woven or not.

• the coating layer comprises an embossing on its face opposite to the molding support.

• le support moulant ou au moins une partie surfacique de celui-ci est choisi dans le groupe comprenant : le polyéthylène téréphtalate, les polyéthylènes additivés, les papiers siliconés, les papiers revêtus d'un agent de démoulage, les Lissés et non-tissés de fibres recouverts d'un agent filmogène à faible énergie de surface, les silicones, le Teflon®.
• la première face du support moulant présente un état de surface et une énergie de surface contrôlés.
• la première face du support moulant présente des motifs en creux et/ou en relief.

Such embossing makes it possible to lighten the article, to obtain interesting graphic effects, and to facilitate the laying of the article if the wall has localized defects in excess thickness.

• the molding support or at least a surface part thereof is chosen from the group comprising: polyethylene terephthalate, additive-containing polyethylenes, siliconized papers, papers coated with a release agent, the Smoothed and non-woven fibers coated with a film-forming agent with low surface energy, silicones, Teflon®.
• the first face of the molding support has a surface state and a controlled surface energy.
• the first face of the molding support has recessed and / or raised patterns.

• l'article est conditionné sous forme de plaque.
• l'article est conditionné sous forme de rouleau.
• le support moulant a une épaisseur comprise entre environ 5 µm et 100 µm, et plus spécifiquement entre environ 20 et 50 µm.

The use of such a support makes it possible to adjust and control the appearance and quality of the finish of the visible surface of the article while ensuring ease of demolding.

• the article is packaged in the form of a plate.
• the article is packaged in the form of a roll.
• the molding medium has a thickness of between about 5 microns and 100 microns, and more specifically between about 20 and 50 microns.

According to a second aspect, the invention provides a method of manufacturing an article for application of dry coating on a wall, as defined in claim 10.

This manufacturing process is clean, easy to implement, and provides a quality result. With the molding support, it controls the production of molded reliefs, the surface appearance while allowing easy removal of the molding support.

• le procédé comprend une étape d'application d'une couche additionnelle sur le support moulant préalablement à l'application de l'enduit, pour former un article avec couche superficielle conforme à une première forme de réalisation de l'invention.
• le procédé comprend une étape d'application d'une autre couche additionnelle sur la couche superficielle, pour former un article conforme à une deuxième forme de réalisation de la présente invention.
• l'étape d'application de la couche additionnelle comprend l'application d'une poudre et un traitement de la poudre.
• le procédé comprend l'application d'une couche additionnelle conductrice sur une première couche d'enduit, et l'application seconde couche d'enduit sur la couche conductrice.
• le procédé comprend en outre l'application d'un traitement de surface sur la face de l'article opposée au support moulant de manière à favoriser son accrochage.

Some preferred but non-limiting aspects of the process are as follows:

• the method comprises a step of applying an additional layer on the molding substrate prior to the application of the coating, to form an article with a surface layer according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• the method comprises a step of applying another additional layer on the surface layer, to form an article according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
• the step of applying the additional layer comprises applying a powder and treating the powder.
• the method comprises applying an additional conductive layer to a first coating layer, and applying a second coating layer to the conductive layer.
• the method further comprises the application of a surface treatment on the face of the article opposite the molding support so as to promote its attachment.

• le procédé comprend entre outre les étapes subséquentes consistant à:
  • séparer le support moulant de l'article ; et
  • imprimer la surface de l'article qui était en contact avec le support moulant dans une machine d'impression.

This treatment is for example an embossing using a roller having reliefs.

• the method further comprises the subsequent steps of:
  • separate the molding support from the article; and
  • printing the surface of the article that was in contact with the molding medium in a printing machine.

A method as defined in claim 11 is also provided.

The replacement of the molding support with a peelable support allows the manufacturer to retain these supports for its subsequent manufacture, and to market articles protected by disposable supports of low value and low environmental impact.

This operation can be done after the print operation.

The method further comprises following the step of drying the plaster layer a step of rendering the porous molding medium by a mechanical or chemical method so as to facilitate the drying of the adhesive once the article in place on the wall.

The major difficulty for the manufacture of the molding support lies in having both the structuring of the mold, which will bring to the sheet article the desired reliefs, a particular surface condition, and the surface energy that will be required. be both high enough to allow sufficient wettability, while allowing demolding after drying. It should be noted that the surface energy to be obtained depends on the type of paint material chosen, such as a paint or a coating. For example, a glycerophthalic paint will be much more adherent than an acrylic paint, and the coating will have a much lower surface energy if it is to be able to demold it easily.

It is known that materials such as silicone coatings, Teflon-based coatings or other surfaces with low surface energies are unsuitable for the application of fresh paint or mortar. Indeed, in this case, it would form eyes, areas where adhesion is not made, and which consequently do not allow to obtain a satisfactory surface condition.

On the other hand, polypropylene plastics, polyester, polyethylene, polyamide, polychloride in the rough state have high wettability, but after drying, the withdrawal would be impossible and tear pieces of paint or plaster.

Thus, it may be necessary both to decrease the surface energy of the molding film than to increase it.

Furthermore, the molding support is in some cases microporous, so as to be permeable to water vapor and allow to facilitate the drying of the coating.

According to another aspect, the invention thus proposes a method of manufacturing a molding support as defined in claim 12.

• le support moulant ou au moins une partie surfacique de celui-ci est choisi dans le groupe comprenant : le polyéthylène téréphtalate, les polyéthylènes additivés, les papiers siliconés, les papiers revêtus d'un agent de démoulage, les tissés et non-tissés de fibres recouverts d'un agent filmogène à faible énergie de surface, les silicones, le Teflon®.
• l'épaisseur de la feuille est comprise entre environ 5 µm et 100 µm, et plus spécifiquement entre environ 20 et 50 µm.
• pour l'obtention de l'état de surface cible, l'étape (iii) est mise en oeuvre par abrasion qui donne un relief correspondant au négatif de l'aspect cherché pour l'enduit.
• l'abrasion est une abrasion mécanique par sablage.
• l'abrasion combine une attaque chimique et l'application d'un matériau particulaire.

Some preferred but non-limiting aspects of the process are as follows:

• the molding support or at least a surface part thereof is chosen from the group comprising: polyethylene terephthalate, additive polyethylenes, silicone papers, papers coated with a release agent, woven fabrics and nonwoven fibers coated with a film-forming agent with low surface energy, silicones, Teflon®.
• the thickness of the sheet is between about 5 microns and 100 microns, and more specifically between about 20 and 50 microns.
• to obtain the target surface state, step (iii) is carried out by abrasion which gives a relief corresponding to the negative of the appearance sought for the coating.
• abrasion is mechanical abrasion by sanding.
• abrasion combines a chemical attack and the application of a particulate material.

• pour l'obtention de l'état de surface cible, l'étape (iii) est mise en oeuvre par formation de creux et/ou de reliefs avec une technique choisie parmi le moulage à chaud et la gravure.
• les creux et/ou reliefs ont une période géométrique moyenne comprise entre environ 20 et 500 µm ; les creux et/ou reliefs de la surface du support moulant ont une dimension caractéristique pouvant aller de quelques dizaines de microns à 0,5 mm par moulage à chaud, gravure, réalisation par dépression, sans que cela soit limitatif.
• pour l'obtention de l'énergie de surface cible, l'étape (iii) comprend un traitement choisi parmi : un traitement corona et l'exposition à une torche à plasma.
• pour l'obtention de l'énergie de surface cible, l'étape (iii) comprend l'application d'un produit modificateur de l'énergie de surface.
• le produit est un latex, de manière à accroître l'énergie de surface.
• le produit est une substance à basse énergie de surface intrinsèque, de manière à abaisser l'énergie de surface.

For example, in one embodiment, sanding using sand ground for a few seconds, or any other means of abrasion to obtain the desired appearance, such as the application of a chemical treatment, is used. involving acids then a deposit of silica.

• in order to obtain the target surface state, step (iii) is carried out by forming depressions and / or reliefs with a technique chosen from hot molding and etching.
• the hollows and / or the reliefs have a mean geometric period of between approximately 20 and 500 μm; the depressions and / or reliefs of the surface of the molding support have a characteristic dimension that can range from a few tens of microns to 0.5 mm by hot molding, etching, vacuum production, without this being limiting.
• for obtaining the target surface energy, step (iii) comprises a treatment selected from: corona treatment and exposure to a plasma torch.
• for obtaining the target surface energy, step (iii) comprises applying a surface energy modifying product.
• the product is a latex, so as to increase the surface energy.
• the product is a substance with low intrinsic surface energy, so as to lower the surface energy.

Thus, if the surface energy is too low compared to the desired result, for example for a mold with deep asperities, the surface energy is increased. On the other hand, if the surface energy is too strong, the film is coated with a thickness of a few micrometers of a product with a low surface energy.

The molding support is then aple to be brought into contact with the material to be painted or a surface layer. At the end of the drying, it will have given the coating its surface appearance, and will be easy to peel.

This molding support is used to manufacture the article object of the invention, but also to provide a means of repairing items and hide the joints that could be noticed between two adjacent items.

According to another aspect, the invention proposes a method of applying an article according to the invention to a wall, as defined in claim 14.

Also provided is a method as defined in claim 15.

The application of the article according to the invention is therefore simple, fast and clean. In addition, no finishing step is necessary: the plaster thus laid has already a quality finish, and therefore no longer needs to be abraded, or covered with paint or a decorative coating.

• l'adhésif est un enduit à l'état pâteux.

Some preferred but non-limiting aspects of these methods of application are the following:

• the adhesive is a coating in the pasty state.

• le procédé comprend en outre une étape de retrait de la couche temporaire de protection.
• l'article comporte en outre une couche superficielle activable sur la surface libre de l'article opposée au support, ladite couche intermédiaire étant protégée par une couche superficielle de protection, et le procédé comprend en outre une étape au cours de laquelle la couche temporaire de protection est retirée.

It is therefore no longer necessary to prepare the surface of the wall on which the article will be placed: just apply a layer roughly coated on the wall, then apply the article according to the invention to obtain a quality result.

• the method further comprises a step of removing the temporary protective layer.
• the article further comprises an activatable surface layer on the free surface of the article opposite to the support, said intermediate layer being protected by a protective surface layer, and the method further comprises a step in which the temporary layer of protection is removed.

• application d'un enduit à l'état pâteux semblable à celui utilisé pour réaliser la couche d'enduit de l'article sur une zone à finir où à réparer ;
• avant séchage de l'enduit, application d'un support moulant semblable à celui utilisé pour réaliser l'article contre l'enduit dans ladite zone ; et
• après une période de séchage, retrait du support moulant.

The invention may include a method of finishing or repairing a wall coated with an article by a method according to the invention, comprising the following steps:

• application of a pasty coating similar to that used to produce the coating layer of the article on an area to be finished or repaired;
• before drying the coating, applying a molding support similar to that used to make the article against the coating in said area; and
• after a drying period, removal of the molding support.

• application d'un enduit à l'état pâteux semblable à celui utilisé pour réaliser la couche d'enduit de l'article sur une zone à finir où à réparer ;
• avant séchage de l'enduit, application d'un support moulant semblable à celui utilisé pour réaliser l'article contre l'enduit dans ladite zone, ledit support moulant portant une couche semblable à la dite couche superficielle ; et
• après une période de séchage, retrait du support moulant en laissant en place ladite couche initialement portée par le support moulant.

Alternatively the finishing or repair process, when the article has a surface layer, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

• application of a pasty coating similar to that used to produce the coating layer of the article on an area to be finished or repaired;
• before drying the coating, applying a molding support similar to that used to make the article against the coating in said area, said molding support carrying a layer similar to said surface layer; and
• after a drying period, removal of the molding support leaving in place said layer initially carried by the molding support.

Thus, during the application, the boundaries between the areas covered by the articles can be treated by the application of a material to be painted close to that used for the manufacture of the article, and covered a piece of molding support. In this way, the surface appearance will be closer to the appearance of an article.

In addition, in case of damage to an already bonded article, a repair can be made by applying a formulation of paint material close to that of the article and covering it with a piece of molding support.

• La figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'une forme de réalisation d'un article pour enduit selon l'invention ; et
• La figure 2 est une vue en coupe d'une paroi sur laquelle l'article pour enduit de la figure 1 a été appliqué.

Other features, aims and advantages will appear better on reading the detailed description which follows, and with reference to the appended drawings given as non-limiting examples and in which:

• The figure 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a plaster article according to the invention; and
• The figure 2 is a sectional view of a wall on which the article for coating the figure 1 has been applied.

With reference first to the figure 1 a sheet article 1 may comprise a molding support 10, a coating layer 20, an additional surface layer 21 having particular aesthetic properties and / or physico-chemical properties, an additional intermediate layer 23, and a layer of adhesive 40, all of these layers may or may not be present depending on the purpose that is sought to obtain.

In the present description, the term "complex" is understood to mean the assembly formed by the superimposed layers during the manufacturing steps that have already been described.

The molding support

The molding support 10 is adapted to ensure the mechanical cohesion of the article during the phases of manufacture, possible printing and installation, and to give the visible layer of the article 1 the desired surface finish.

On the molding support 10 which may be flat or have raised patterns, the remainder of the complex forming the sheet article is applied. It is preferably consisting of a sheet of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a degradable additive polyethylene, a silicone paper, a woven or non-woven fiber coated with a film-forming material of low surface energy, d. a silicone mold, or a mold machined (including a teflon plate, smooth or machined).

Typically, the molding support has a thickness ranging from about 10 μm to about 500 μm, preferably from about 26 μm to about 100 μm, depending on the composition of the coating used, its destination and its thickness, in order to facilitate the packaging, the storage and implementation of Article 1.

As will be seen later, this support 10 can be prepared to adapt the wettability (and therefore the surface energy) and / or texture and / or surface reliefs, so that on the one hand the layers deposited on its surface have a cohesion adapted to have a homogeneous final appearance after drying, and secondly said layers can be demolded easily.

Said molding support may be provided alone and in a particular packaging such as a ribbon or patches to allow the treatment of joints between articles or localized repairs.

The coating layer 20

The coating layer 20 comprises one or more layers of paint, varnish, coating or other, spread over a support. The materials of the layers composing the coating 20 may be the same or different, depending on the desired effect. The superposition of layers in the layer of material to be painted improves its opacity, its hiding power and can possibly modify the reaction of the material to the external light according to its characteristics, ie that the light is direct, indirect, strong, weak etc.

The coatings used can be a coating based on mineral binders and resins, polymers, mono- or multi-component paints acrylic nature, glycerophthalic, epoxy, or be specific to the type of wall to decorate 50.

Typically, the amount of coating forming the layer of material to be painted is in the range of 500 to 8000 g / m ² .

Advantageously, the final coating layer 20 has a thickness ranging from 0.5 mm to 10 mm, preferably from 0.5 mm to 5 mm.

Moreover, the materials of the layers making up the coating 20 may be identical or different, depending on the desired effect. For example, the coating can be applied in two layers on a molding support 10: a first layer, pigmented, and a second layer, natural.

So that the coating layer 20 remains flexible after drying and to be able to condition the article 1 in the form of a roll, it is possible to use a coating loaded with resins, for example using resins of the acrylic resin type. .

When the coating comprises a small percentage of resins (typically 15%, this percentage corresponding to the percolation threshold of the material), it is rigid and is preferably packaged in the form of plates. It then preferably comprises a reinforcing layer to reduce the risk of friability of the plates.

Additional layers

Optionally, the complex may further comprise one or more additional layers, conferring on it particular properties related in particular to the conditions of use of the article 1 according to the invention, the medium to which it is exposed, the type of wall 50, the functions it can advantageously fill, etc.

Such additional layers may be located at any point between the support 10 and the free rear face of the article. More specifically, the additional layers can be applied directly to the support 10, be part of the layers constituting the layer of material to be painted or over the layer of material to be painted.

The article may include a plurality of different additional layers distributed in its thickness.

The additional layers can be classified into two main categories: the layers applied between the support and the layer of material to be painted 20 called the surface layers 21, and the layers mixed with the layer of material to be painted or applied over said layer 20, named intermediate layers 23.

In a first form, the additional layer is a surface layer 21 consisting of one or more of the following layers: a layer of varnish, a layer having a decorative appearance, a layer having particular physicochemical properties.

The surface layer may be a varnish, preferably transparent, applied directly to the molding medium 10 before the layer of material to be painted. For example, the varnish layer may be an acryl type layer, and serves as a demolding layer, especially when the adhesion characteristics of the decorative layer, that is to say of the lower layer constituting the layer of material to be painted 20, are too great to allow a clean removal of the support to be demolded 10. The varnish can also be provide a UV barrier function, or anti-graffiti functions. Examples of varnishes that may be used are: alkyd resins in aqueous phase, polymers in aqueous phase, polyurethane resins in aqueous phase, urethane alkyds in solvent phase, or even dispersions of acrylic resins in aqueous phase.

Alternatively, the surface layer applied against the layer of material to be painted 20 is a layer 21 adapted to have a particular appearance and / or physicochemical properties.

Such a layer 21 is intended to be exposed visibly on the wall once the article 1 applied to it. It can have a purely decorative role, and / or give the complex additional physicochemical properties.

According to a first aspect, this layer 21 may be composed of flakes, colored particles, metallic or pearlescent particles having a volume to give the decorative layer a given relief (including glass microbeads less than 0.5 mm diameter) etc. possibly mixed with a layer of translucent paint or varnish.

According to a second aspect, the surface layer 21 may comprise elements having particular physico-chemical properties conferring on the layer 21 a decorative appearance varying according to the external conditions. For example, these may be elements that change appearance (color, gloss, texture, etc.) as a function of temperature, light (such as fluorescent, luminescent, retro-reflective particles, etc.). humidity, the presence of chemical or biological elements determined.

For example, the layer 21 may be hydro-oleofuge and preserve the layer of material to be painted 20 aggression due to the penetration of water and / or grease: we then obtain an article 1 having anti-stain, anti-graffiti properties. etc.

It may also have a hardness greater than the hardness of the layer of material to be painted, and increase the resistance of the complex to shocks and scratches.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the surface layer 21 may be formed of a microstructured paint adapted for example to the nautical medium, of the "sharkskin" type or, in an aeronautical environment, having longitudinal ridges of a characteristic dimension of 25. micrometers.

According to another example, the intermediate layer may receive microstria conferring optical properties of lens type or Fresnel mirror.

According to a third aspect, the layer 21 may comprise elements having specific physico-chemical properties having effects on the environment to which they are exposed (diffusion of biological or chemical substances for example).

In particular, these elements can be adapted to react with volatile organic compounds (this is the case for example zeolites or TiO ² in anatase form which in the presence of light has a catalytic effect of destruction of VOCs), be antifungal agents , or anti-fouling agents (so-called "antifouling agents") adapted to protect the submerged surfaces of ships, etc.

These physicochemical properties can also be activated only after removal of the support 10 (by contact with the ambient environment) or disappearance of a protective layer (not shown) brought to the surface of said layer 21.

According to a second embodiment possibly complementary to the first, an additional layer 23 is an intermediate layer underlying the coating layer, and gives the complex additional physicochemical properties relative to known articles. This layer comprises one or more layers having physico-chemical properties, acting as barrier or reinforcement, a conductive layer.

For example, the layer 23 is made of a thermally insulating material, or having specific acoustic properties (absorption, damping, reflection of acoustic waves) adapted for example to reduce the ambient noise. Such a material may in particular be a polyurethane foam, a porous material with a low density, or an emulsion resin comprising a lightening filler and various adjuvants which, during drying, swells and becomes porous (see, for example, the product SEM- LIGHT distributed by SEMIN).

Alternatively, the intermediate layer 23 is adapted to prevent ion migration of undesirable substances such as Lead or any other toxic element. It may consist of a resin which, after polymerization, provides a seal, or of a film constituted by a material such as polyethylene, polyester, polypropylene, polystyrene. This film is treated to have a high surface energy, or is provided with a primer so that it adheres to the layers that are adjacent to it.

According to yet another variant, the intermediate layer 23 is a reinforcement adapted to reinforce the resistance of the complex and possibly make it self-supporting, thus making it possible to remove the support 10 after drying the layers forming the article 1 in order to facilitate its conditioning and its storage .

Another advantage of this reinforcing layer 23 is to facilitate the use of the article 1 according to the invention in the case of renovations old and deteriorated support, for example friable or likely to crack.

Such a layer 23 may or may be necessary when the layer of material to be painted is a low-resin coating, typically less than 15% of resin, and therefore has a high level of mineral fillers in order to stiffen and regulate the thickness of the coating layer 20 which has been applied to the support 10, 40.

In the case where the coating 20 is heavily loaded with resins, that is to say where the percentage of resins exceeds this value of 15%, the reinforcing layer 23 is optional and may not be applied to the coating layer. coated 20.

• Cette couche conductrice 23 peut ainsi servir de support à des éléments calorifiques tels que des diodes électriques, des capteurs de chaleur ou de lumière de type photovoltaïque, etc., connectés par l'intermédiaire de cosses.

The reinforcing layer 23 comprises, for example, a glass web, a glass fabric, glass fibers and / or metal, mineral or vegetable fibers, a plastic film, a nonwoven or any other element making it possible to stiffen the layer of material to be painted 20 while maintaining its adaptability to the wall 50 on which the article 1 will be glued. According to another embodiment, the intermediate layer is a conductive layer 23 (or optionally semiconductive), and is in contact with the layer of material to be painted 20. It can be taken between two electrically insulating layers. The conductive layer can also present patterns and drawings to adjust its electrical parameters and to be connected to electrodes avoiding any risk:

• This conductive layer 23 can thus serve as a support for heating elements such as electrical diodes, photovoltaic type heat or light sensors, etc., connected via lugs.

Such an article 1 can then be used in energy recovery, or on the contrary in the diffusion of energy by lighting or by heating. It can have properties of sound diffusion, electromagnetic diffusion, protection by faraday cage effect, ferromagnetic properties for retaining a magnetized element.

For example, the conductive layer 23 may be a conductive paint layer, or comprise conductive elements (tin oxides, metal fibers possibly mixed with glass fibers, a network of resistive wires, a metal sheet, etc.), a conductive polymer.

It may also be a laminate of coatings having photovoltaic properties, for example two N and P doped semiconductor layers respectively and placed between two layers intended to collect the electrons emitted by the semiconductor layers.

We will now describe a first method for obtaining a sheet article 1 for applying decorative layers according to the invention.

In a first step, the surface of the molding support 10 is adjusted so as to give it a state of roughness adapted to the desired finish for the decorative layer which will be visible on the wall to be decorated 50. This adjustment step can be implemented. work on a flat surface or provided with patterns in relief of the molding support 10.

In the case of a glossy finish, that is to say a finish for obtaining a reflection similar to a mirror effect, the molding support 10 is optionally treated so as to reduce roughness. For example, for a PET sheet carrier 10, the surface condition of the carrier being already sufficiently smooth per se, no adjustment is necessary.

In the case of a satin or matte finish, the surface condition is adjusted by mechanical or chemical abrasion according to known abrasion techniques, for example by sanding or etching. The greater the abrasion achieved, the more the finish of the decorative layer obtained will be matt. This adjustment can also be carried out by application on the support of a layer containing a controlled finesse load, for example silica having a grain size of the order of 100 μm.

In the case, for example, abrasion by sandblasting, the nature of the sand used (rolled or ground), the pressure applied and the treatment time make it possible to adjust the degree of roughness, and thus the finish of the decorative layer. For example, it is possible to use sand based corundum or glass beads.

For example, sand blasting on a polyethylene terephthalate using F220 corundum powder blown at a pressure of 4 bar gives a roughness of 1.43 μm and a brightness of 6.1 measured in the spectrophotocolorimeter Konica Minolta, model CM-600d.

This adjustment of the surface of the support allows according to another application to obtain a micro-texturing of the surface, so as to make a molding of great fineness of the visible layer.

• Pour une application à l'intention des navires, on crée un revêtement similaire à la peau de requin dont les aspérités créent des microperturbations qui facilitent l'écoulement hydrodynamique.
• Pour une application aéronautique, on crée des rainures longitudinales de section triangulaires ou « riblets » en terminologie anglo-saxonne, d'une dimension caractéristique de 25 microns pour réduire la trainée.

For this, the molding support 10 may be previously machined, or molded, or thermoformed to give it an outer surface of the article having desired properties:

• For an application for ships, a shark skin-like coating is created, the asperities of which create microperturbations that facilitate hydrodynamic flow.
• For an aeronautical application, longitudinal grooves of triangular section or "riblets" are created in English terminology, a characteristic dimension of 25 microns to reduce the drag.

The micro-texturing can also create particular optical properties on the final outer surface of the article 1. For example, the molding on the surface of the molding support 10 of a Fresnel lens makes it possible to obtain at the end of the process, when the layers are transparent, an article having the property of a Fresnel optical lens.

In another embodiment, if a surface layer 21 is metallized on the surface, a Fresnel mirror is obtained.

Furthermore, depending on the type of molding medium 10 used, the method furthermore comprises a step during which the surface of the support 10 on which the first layer of the complex (that is to say a surface layer 21 or the coating layer 20) is treated so as to adjust its surface energy, and therefore its degree of adhesion.

For example, in the case of a silicone paper, the wettability of the support 10 is very low for a paint material of the glycerophthalic paint type, thus creating surface irregularities, or even the appearance of a bubble during drying. It may therefore be necessary to treat the surface so as to increase its surface energy, for example by ionization, corona treatment or plasma lance.

In a second optional step, a surface layer 21 is applied according to conventional techniques depending on the type of layer on the molding medium 10 (in particular by spraying, squeegee, roller, etc.).

For example, in the case of a layer of varnish, the layer is applied according to the conventional material application means, for example by heliography, screen printing, flexography, by spraying, if necessary in combination with a doctor blade or any other medium of coating.

It will be noted here that depending on the application, the type of support and the type of varnish, the amount applied can vary widely. We will find here the same variety of thicknesses as with traditional techniques for applying paint materials such as varnishes and paints. The varnish layer is then dried, preferably before carrying out the next step.

In a particular embodiment, the surface layer 21 is composed of a first anti-graffiti type varnish. This type of varnish has the characteristic, after crosslinking, not to allow the attachment of a complementary layer. A second layer of varnish, for example of acrylic type, is then applied before crosslinking. The article consists of two layers of varnish is printable upside down. After application, it will be permanently protected by the layer of anti-graffiti varnish.

In the case of a purely decorative intermediate layer 21, for example a layer of colored particles, said particles are simply randomly distributed, or according to a predefined decorative scheme, on the surface of the support 10, and are embedded in a binder which can be a varnish or a material to paint.

In a third step, the coating layer 20 is extended in one or more layers on the molding support 10, or possibly on the surface layer 21 previously applied, according to conventional techniques adapted to the type of material (paste more or less thick) spread.

The free surface through which the solvents and the water evaporate is therefore the surface which is intended to be applied against the wall 50, contrary to the traditional processes in which it is the visible surface of the coating layer which dries first. However, during drying, this evaporation creates irregularities in the free evaporation surface, which generally makes it necessary to carry out an additional finishing step (typically, a ginning followed by a coating of iron on the surface) if we want a smooth finish of quality.

Thus, by allowing the layer to dry on the support to be demolded 10, the surface of the article which will be visible when it is applied to the wall is that which is in contact with the molding support 10, and not the free surface by which escape the solvents. It is therefore possible to control the appearance of the visible surface, without additional finishing step.

Advantageously, in the case where the layer 21 comprises two layers of material to be painted, it is possible to apply two layers having different hues and thicknesses, so as to improve the rendering of the outer layer that will be visible when the article 1 is applied. on the wall 50. Indeed, monolayer articles (or multilayer and mono-tone) are not suitable for all lighting, and are significantly less aesthetic than multilayer and multi-tone paints.

For example, applying a sub-layer of red paint under a layer of blue paint ultimately gives a brighter blue.

Each layer forming the layer of material to be painted is dried as and when, for example in a dryer or in a microwave oven at high frequency.

The coating layer 20 is preferably dried at once at the end of its application on the support 10.

According to a method of the method, during manufacture, the layer constituting the back of the article, which may be either the coating layer 20 itself or an intermediate layer 23, may be textured, for example by application of a roll having reliefs and embossing the surface. This operation lightens the article while maintaining its mechanical properties and its surface appearance, and also facilitates its application on a coarsely prepared wall.

When the article 1 comprises an intermediate layer 23, it can be carried out at any time during the manufacturing process.

In the case of an intermediate layer having a mechanical reinforcing effect and a barrier in the form of a film, this film is treated to facilitate the grip on the coating layer, and its free face constitute the article folder.

Alternatively, the conductive layer 23 is in the form of fibers, for example mineral, vegetable and / or metal fibers. The fibers are then mixed with the coating and then applied to the coating layer 20.

In the case of a conductive layer 23, this is carried out over the layer of material to be painted 20, or within the layer of material to be painted (between two layers of paint for example). The conductive layer 23 is then directly applied against the coating layer 20 before drying thereof, in order to improve their adhesion. Optionally, the conductive layer 23 is then covered with a new coating layer (not shown) to ensure its adhesion and solidarity with the coating 20.

This conductive layer may be applied either in powder form, or in the form of a perforated conductive sheet or finally in the form of a network or fabric of conductive or resistive wires, in the form of a conductive polymer.

This sheet 1 article can be left as is or undergo optional subsequent operations.

When, after manufacture, the film produced is self-supporting, it is possible to remove the molding support 10.

This allows for example the printing of the outer layer of the article which was in contact with the support 10.

This also allows the recovery of the molding support 10 and its possible replacement with a silicone paper, a biodegradable support or other peelable support. The manufacturer can therefore afford to use a molding support 10 of better quality to the extent that it can reuse. Furthermore, the possible biodegradability of the peelable support makes it possible, in addition to respecting the environment, to guarantee that the customer will not attempt to reuse the support to reproduce itself the sheet article 1 according to the invention.

Alternatively, the molding support can also be treated to increase the porosity, by mechanical or chemical action. This operation has the advantage of facilitating the drying of the article once in place on the wall.

After the different application and drying steps, the sheet article 1 can be cut as needed and packaged as panels or rolls.

We will now describe the steps of laying the article sheet 1 on a support to be treated, with reference to the figure 2 . Take the example of a sheet article 1 provided with the molding support 10, a surface layer 21, a coating layer 20 and a conductive layer 23.

• application d'un adhésif sous forme de pâte sur le dossier de l'article et/ou sur la paroi à décorer ;
• application de l'article 1 contre la paroi à décorer 50 et marouflage du haut vers le bas et du centre vers les bords ;
• séchage l'article en place en le maintenant. Le séchage peut durer de 12 à 48 heures selon le type d'adhésif utilisé, et la nature du support.

It should be noted that the laying can be carried out on extremely varied supports (walls, joinery, furniture, etc.), in materials which are also varied, having flat or curved faces (but preferably of regulated surfaces) and which may have defects. superficial according to the following process:

• applying an adhesive in the form of a paste on the back of the article and / or on the wall to be decorated;
• application of article 1 against the wall to decorate 50 and marouflage from top to bottom and from the center to the edges;
• drying the item in place by holding it. The drying can last from 12 to 48 hours depending on the type of adhesive used, and the nature of the support.

A wall 50 is thus obtained, successively comprising an adhesive layer 40, a conductive layer 23, a coating layer 20 and optionally one or more surface layers 21, the assembly possibly being subjected to an additional finishing step or not (in particular application paint).

As mentioned above, the visible surface of the article 1 corresponds to the surface that was in contact with the molding support 10, and therefore has a good quality appearance that does not need to be reprocessed.

For example, if the molding support 10 of the article 1 which is applied to the wall 50 is a smooth PET carrier, the visible surface of the article 1 is also flat and smooth, giving a glossy finish.

If on the contrary the support 10 has been treated by mechanical or chemical abrasion, the visible surface of the article 1 will also be smooth but with a satin or matt appearance.

In any case, no finishing step is necessary in order to obtain a quality surface, which reduces both the difficulty of the application of the material to be painted and the manpower required, while at the same time providing a result of quality easily reproducible.

Alternatively, this method can be applied to articles for which the molding medium 10 has been removed after drying the plaster layer 20 during the manufacturing process.

According to one embodiment, the adhesive material layer 40 applied to the wall 50 is a coating layer, preferably of the same type as the coating used for the article 1. In fact, such a coating makes it possible to maintain the article in position when it dries, and has the advantage of preparing the wall 50 by filling in irregularities of surfaces such as cracks, holes, etc. It also makes it possible to flatten the wall 50 at least partially or, on the contrary, to give it a curved shape, depending on the desired effect.

Advantageously, the adhesive layer 40 is applied homogeneously and is smoothed roughly.

According to another embodiment, the adhesive layer 40 is a traditional adhesive.

The free face opposite the molding support 10, here the face comprising the conductive layer 23, is then applied against the adhesive layer 40, and the molding support 10 is removed. The whole is allowed to dry.

If the article 1 is packaged in the form of a roll, it may be necessary to maintain the article 1 applied against the wall 50 by exerting pressure on the surface of the molding support 10 until the adhesive force between the wall 50 and the adhesive layer 40 is sufficient to hold it in position. Indeed, according to the layers composing the article 1, it may have a shape memory that may fold it on itself and peel it off the wall 50.

Moreover, it is no longer useful to prepare the wall 50 beforehand in order to obtain a perfectly smooth, flat and free of irregularities before placing the article 1, contrary to conventional methods, since it is sufficient to apply the article directly to a layer of adhesive 40 such as a coarsely smoothed coating layer, so as to plug the largest cracks present on the wall 50.

According to another advantageous aspect, since article 1 is manufactured industrially, it is possible to recover a large part of the possible volatile organic compounds before it is put on the market and to destroy them, for example by incineration, thus avoiding that they do not disperse in nature at the time of application of the coating on the wall.

Depending on the surface of the wall to be decorated 50 and the dimensions of the sheet article 1, a single article 1 according to the invention may be insufficient to cover the entire surface of the wall. Then just position the items edge to edge, leaving minimal space between them. The resulting seal is not very visible. It can also be masked by the localized application of a paint material similar in color to that of the article, covered by a molding support tape.

Finally, a defect during the application or worksite can be masked by a particular repair process: in this process, is spread on the part to be repaired a coating of composition similar to that of the article, having the minimum of withdrawal drying, and it covers the coating still fresh by a molding support member, taking care not to trap air bubble. Advantageously, when the sheet article has a layer 21, the molding support used for repair further comprises the same decorative layer already applied, separably.

Since the molding support is very light, the capillary forces are sufficient to hold it in place.

After a drying time, this support is removed.

Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings, but the skilled person will be able to make many variations and modifications.

Claims (14)

1. Article for sheet filler (1) adapted to be applied on a wall (50), characterised in that it comprises:

   - a moulding carrier; and

   - a filler layer arranged on a first face of the moulding carrier and having a thickness comprised between around 0.5 mm and 5 mm.
2. Article according to claim 1, comprising an additional layer arranged between the filler layer and the first face of the moulding carrier, so as to form a surface layer after application of the article on the wall.
3. Article according to claim 2, in which the additional layer is selected from a group comprising:

   - a decorative layer comprising at least one element from the following group: a paint, a varnish, coloured, metallic, nacreous particles, microbeads, fluorescent particles, luminescent particles, back reflective particles, embedded or not in a binder;

   - a material capable of reacting with the environment to which the layer is exposed and selected from: a microtextured paint, a water-oil repellent medium, zeolites, antifungal agents, antifouling agents, biocides, depolluting agents.
4. Article according to one of claims 1, comprising an additional layer arranged on the side of the filler layer opposite to the moulding carrier, so as to constitute an intermediate layer after application of the article on the wall.
5. Article according to claim 4, in which the intermediate layer is selected from: a mechanical reinforcement layer, a thermal barrier and/or acoustic barrier forming layer formed with an insulating material and/or a porous material, a continuous layer forming a barrier to the migration of atomic, molecular or ionic species, an electrically conductive layer, a layer having ferromagnetic properties.
6. Article according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the filler comprises a filler in the form of resin having a flexibility and a thickness enabling the article to be formed in a roll.
7. Article according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the filler contains reinforcing fibres.
8. Article according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the filler layer includes an embossing on its face opposite to the moulding carrier.
9. Article according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the moulding carrier or at least a surface area thereof is selected from the group comprising: polyethylene terephthalate, additive-including polyethylenes, siliconised papers, papers coated with a mould release agent, woven and non-woven mats covered with a film forming agent with low surface energy, silicones, Teflon®, said surface area of the moulding carrier having controllled surface condition and surface energy and/or hollow and/or projecting patterns.
10. Method for manufacturing an article for dry filler application on a wall, characterised in that it comprises the steps consisting in:

    (i) feeding a machine with a moulding carrier;

    (ii) applying on one of the faces of the moulding carrier a filler layer with a thickness comprising between 0,5 and 5 mm;

    (iii) drying the filler layer,

    (iv) separating the moulding carrier from the article; and

    (v) applying a pelable carrier instead of the moulding carrier.
11. Method according to claim 10, wherein the moulding carrier is obtained by performing the following steps:

    (i) defining a first material for one face of the moulding carrier;

    (ii) depending on a relief effect sought after for the article and the nature of a second material to be initially applied on the first material, defining target surface condition and surface energy for said face of the moulding carrier, on which the article is intended to be formed, so as in particular to obtain a wettability by said material and a mould-release property of the article after drying; and

    (iii) treating a face of a sheet having said first material on said face to obtain the target surface condition and surface energy, thereby to obtain the moulding carrier.
12. Method according to claim 11, wherein, in order to obtain the target surface condition, step (iii) is implemented by forming hollows and/or projections with a technique selected from hot moulding and etching, the hollows and/or projections having have a mean geometric period comprised between around 20 and 500 µm.
13. Method of applying an article according to one of claims 1 to 9 on a wall, comprising the steps consisting in:

    (i) applying an adhesive on the wall and/or on the free face of the article opposite to the moulding carrier;

    (ii) applying said free face against the wall;

    (iii) removing the moulding carrier.
14. Method according to claim 10, comprising the steps consisting in:

    (i) applying an adhesive on a wall and/or on the free face of the article opposite to the peelable carrier;

    (ii) applying said free face against the wall;

    (iii) removing the peelable carrier.

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