EP2436807A1 - Multi-filaments avec âme d'acier étirée et couche de cuivre recuite - Google Patents

Multi-filaments avec âme d'acier étirée et couche de cuivre recuite Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2436807A1
EP2436807A1 EP10011924A EP10011924A EP2436807A1 EP 2436807 A1 EP2436807 A1 EP 2436807A1 EP 10011924 A EP10011924 A EP 10011924A EP 10011924 A EP10011924 A EP 10011924A EP 2436807 A1 EP2436807 A1 EP 2436807A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filament
steel
filaments
filament product
alloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10011924A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lisa Le Percq
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bekaert NV SA
Original Assignee
Bekaert NV SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bekaert NV SA filed Critical Bekaert NV SA
Priority to EP10011924A priority Critical patent/EP2436807A1/fr
Publication of EP2436807A1 publication Critical patent/EP2436807A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/12—Threads containing metallic filaments or strips
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
    • B21C37/045—Manufacture of wire or bars with particular section or properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/441—Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
    • D07B1/147—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising electric conductors or elements for information transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
    • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
    • D07B1/0673—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2011—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising metals
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2012—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
    • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
    • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
    • D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
    • D07B2201/2013—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising multiple layers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3025—Steel
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
    • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
    • D07B2205/3021—Metals
    • D07B2205/3067—Copper (Cu)
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-filament product.
  • the present invention further relates to use of the multi-filament product as heating element.
  • a heating element such as heating system or heatable textile is required to provide heating effect. It's a long time research to find a good heating element having a good balance between flexibility, corrosion resistance, strength and conductivity.
  • yarns comprising bundles of filaments are applied in heating elements. Such yarns comprise up to hundred or more filaments.
  • the metal filaments are made from several different materials: they can be pure copper filaments, nickel plated copper filaments, steel filaments, copper plated steel filaments and steel plated copper filaments. All the above kinds of filaments have advantages and disadvantages.
  • Pure copper filaments have the best conductivity but low flexibility, low corrosion resistance and low strength.
  • Nickel plated copper filaments have a better corrosion resistance compared to pure copper filaments, but slightly lower conductivity.
  • Steel filaments have the best flexibility, strength and corrosion resistance, but they have a high electrical resistance.
  • Copper plated steel filaments have a better conductivity compared to stainless steel filaments, but a lower corrosion resistance. They have a better strength and flexibility compared to the pure copper filaments.
  • Steel plated copper filaments have a better corrosion resistance compared to the copper plated steel filaments.
  • the flex life is one index or parameter for flexibility of the yarn and it is an indication of the resistance to rupture of the yarn under repetitive bending conditions.
  • the flex life plays an important role such as for the use in antistatic brushes or the use as lead wire for electrodes or the use in car seat heating. The bigger the flex life, the better the filament.
  • WO 2009/147114 A discloses a yarn comprising multi-bundles of filaments having a copper core and stainless steel outer layer. An improved flex life is obtained by a predetermined torsion applied to the yarn. The diameter of the filament is between 7-32 ⁇ m.
  • US 7041943 discloses an electrical heating element used in car seat comprising wires with steel core and copper outer layer. The wires are further coated with electrical insulation. But due to the copper outer layer, the corrosion resistance of the wire is not very good.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a multi-filament product with improved flexibility.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide the use of the multi-filament as heating element.
  • a multi-filament product comprising filaments having a steel alloy core and a first layer of a copper alloy is provided, wherein the copper alloy has an annealed microstructure and the steel alloy has a drawn microstructure.
  • An annealed microstructure is a recrystallized microstructure which comprises substantially equi-axed grains.
  • a drawn microstructure is a microstructure which comprises substantially non-equiaxed grains.
  • filaments with the combination of the two kinds of microstructures, recrystallized microstructure of copper alloy layer and drawn microstructure of a steel alloy core in a multi-filament product, leads to an improved flexibility of the multi-filament product while the conductivity, corrosion resistance and strength remain unchanged.
  • the recrystallized microstructure of the copper alloy can be obtained by a heat treatment. While heating the filament with copper alloy layer having a drawn microstructure and steel alloy core having drawn microstructure under a determined temperature, the microstructure of the copper alloy will recrystallize and the steel alloy core keep its drawn microstructure.
  • the temperature of the heat treatment is determined by the annealing temperature of the copper alloy and the annealing temperature of the steel alloy.
  • the temperature should be high enough to recrystallize the copper alloy on the one hand, and be low enough to make sure the steel alloy in the core does not recrystallize on the other hand.
  • the copper alloy gets an annealed microstructure while the steel alloy core retains the drawn microstructure.
  • the determined temperature is between 100°C and 850°C.
  • the annealed copper alloy layer presents good conductivity and ductility.
  • the copper alloy layer can be Cu-Ni alloy, Cu-Fe alloy or other alloy known by the person having ordinary skill in the art.
  • the copper alloy layer has more than 99% copper. The higher the copper content of the copper alloy, the better the conductivity of the filaments and thus the better the conductivity of the multi-filament product.
  • the steel alloy core can be made of any kind of steel or steel alloy known by the person having ordinary skill in the art, i.e. stainless steel or plain carbon steel for good strength. Steel with drawn microstructure presents better strength than with an annealed microstructure.
  • the volume ratio of the copper alloy and the core of steel is determined.
  • the ratio of the volume of the copper alloy and the volume of the steel alloy is between 80/20 and 10/90.
  • the ratio of the volume of the copper alloy and the volume of the steel alloy is between 60/40 and 20/80. More preferably the ratio of the volume of the copper alloy and the volume of the steel alloy is between 40/60 and 30/70.
  • the first layer of copper alloy is applied upon the steel alloy core uniformly. It means that the thickness of the first layer in any place around the steel alloy core has the uniform value.
  • the diameter of the filament is more than 40 ⁇ m, including the steel alloy core and the first layer of copper alloy.
  • the 'diameter' here refers to the diameter of an imaginary circular radial cross section having a surface area identical to the average of the surface areas of cross sections of the filament.
  • Commonly steel comprises inclusions, a steel 100% free of inclusions doesn't exist.
  • the steel core is very thin for good conductivity, but the inclusions inside of the steel can penetrate through the thin steel layer during the manufacturing process, thereby creating fatigue fracture initiation points.
  • the filaments have a diameter more than 40 ⁇ m, in order to have enough thickness of the core of steel. Thus the inclusions inside the steel core can not penetrate through the steel core, as a result, the fatigue resistance improves a lot.
  • the diameter of the filament is between 40 ⁇ m and 400 ⁇ m.
  • the filaments are further coated with an electrical isolation coating upon the first copper alloy layer. It means that the individual filament has an electrical isolation coating. Such electrical isolation coating can eliminate hot spot and improve the corrosion resistance.
  • the electrical isolation coating can be a polymer coating, i.e. PVC, PVA, PTFE, FEP, MFA, PFA or PU.
  • the thickness of the electrical isolation can not be too thin and not be too thick. While too thin, it is hard to obtain a complete coverage of the filament with the coating. While too thick, the flexibility of the filament decreases.
  • the thickness of the electrical isolation coating is between 1 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m. More preferably, the electrical isolation coating is between 3 ⁇ m and 7 ⁇ m.
  • the multi-filament product can be one bundle, bundles twisted together or multi-strand structure.
  • the multi-filament is multi-strand structure, i.e. 7 ⁇ 7, 3 ⁇ 7 or 12 ⁇ 7, 6x6, 5x7, 8 ⁇ 9 cable construction.
  • 'Multi-strand' refers to a gather of strands twisted together, while each strand comprises multiple filaments twisted together.
  • the multi-filament product can be used as heating element, especially as car seat heating element.
  • Figure 1 shows the cross-sectional view of one embodiment with the structure of 7 ⁇ 7;
  • Figure 2 show the cross-sectional view of another embodiment with the structure of 3 ⁇ 7;
  • Figure 3 shows the cross-sectional view of a third embodiment with the structure of 12 ⁇ 7;
  • Figure 4 shows the cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows the cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment according to the present invention.
  • the multi-filament product is made from filaments comprising steel alloy core and first copper alloy layer.
  • the copper alloy can be pure copper, Cu-Ni alloy, Cu-Fe alloy or any other alloy known by the person having ordinary skill in the art.
  • the steel alloy core can be pure steel, stainless steel, plain carbon steel or any other steel alloy known by the person having ordinary skill in the art.
  • the stainless steel can be AISI 300 series such as AISI 302, 304, 316 or 316L, AISI 400 series such as AISI 430, AISI 625 or AISI 904.
  • the copper alloy layer can be applied to the steel alloy core by means of the technique of cladding.
  • a strip of a suitable copper alloy of controlled composition and predetermined and desired thickness can be formed into a tube form.
  • the width of this strip is somewhat greater or equal to the circumference of the steel alloy core to be covered.
  • the strip is closed in a tube and welded on or around the steel alloy core.
  • the copper alloy layer can be applied by inserting a steel alloy core wire into a copper alloy tube and closing the tube thereafter around the steel alloy core wire by conventional drawing techniques known by the person skilled in the art.
  • the copper alloy layer can be applied to the steel alloy core by means of electrical or electrochemical deposition.
  • the filaments can be drawn to the final diameter by means of individual drawing process.
  • the steel alloy core and the first copper alloy layer both have a drawn microstructure.
  • the filaments having steel alloy core with drawn microstructure and first copper alloy layer with drawn microstructure are submitted to a heat treatment at a determined temperature.
  • the temperature is determined by the annealing temperature of the copper alloy and the annealing temperature of the steel alloy.
  • the determined temperature should be high enough to recrystallize the copper alloy layer on the one hand, and be low enough to avoid recrystallizaton of the core of steel alloy.
  • the copper alloy layer gets a recrystallized microstructure while the steel alloy core retains the drawn microstructure after the heat treatment.
  • the determined temperature is round 200°C
  • for annealing the filament with 99%Cu-10%Ni alloy layer and stainless steel core the temperature is round 400°C.
  • the determined temperature is high enough to recrystallize the copper alloy at the layer and keep the drawn microstructure of the steel core without any change.
  • the filaments may be coated with an electrical isolation upon the first copper alloy layer to avoid hot spot and improve the corrosion resistance.
  • the electrical isolation can be any kind of the polymer known by the person having ordinary skill in the art, i.e. PVC, PVA, PTFE, FEP, MFA, PFA or PU.
  • filaments having copper alloy layer with annealed microstructure and steel alloy core with drawn microstructure are bundled together to form a bundle or twisted together to form a strand. Furthermore the bundles or strands of the filaments are twisted together.
  • a multi-filament product is obtained in this way.
  • the multi-filament product may contain one bundle, plural bundles twisted together, or multi-strand twisted together.
  • FIG 1 illustrates the first embodiment.
  • the multi-filament 10 has the structure of 7x7.
  • the filaments 16 with the diameter of 48 ⁇ m have stainless steel core 12 and first copper layer 14 with the volume rate of 38/62.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment.
  • the multi-filament 20 has the structure of 3 ⁇ 7.
  • the filaments 26 with the diameter of 60 ⁇ m have 90%Cu-10%Ni layer 24 and stainless steel core 22 with the volume rate of 35/65.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a third embodiment.
  • the multi-filament 30 has the structure of 12 ⁇ 7.
  • the filaments 36 with the diameter of 66 ⁇ m have plain carbon steel core 32 and copper layer 34 with the volume rate of 59/41.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the fourth embodiment.
  • the multi-filament 40 has the structure of 7 ⁇ 7.
  • the filaments 48 with the diameter of 56 ⁇ m have stainless steel 42 and first copper layer 44 with the volume rate of 66/34.
  • Each filament has a further layer 46 of PU with the thickness of 6 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a fifth embodiment.
  • the multi-filament 50 has the structure of 3 ⁇ 7.
  • the filaments 58 with the diameter of 52 ⁇ m have 99%Cu-1%Ni layer 54 and stainless steel core 52 with the volume rate of 64/36.
  • Each filament has a further layer 56 of PFA with the thickness of 7 ⁇ m.
  • a comparison test on flex life is done between the prior art products and the present invention.
  • the flex life test is called car seat test also.
  • the testing product is embroidered into a car seat.
  • the car seat is cyclically loaded by a robot simulating a person getting in and out of a car. The number of the cycles is recorded till the product breaks.
  • the prior art products are a yarn consisting of the filaments having copper core with drawn microstructure and stainless steel layer with drawn microstructure and a yarn consisting of the filaments having steel core with drawn microstructure.
  • the flex life of the present invention is greatly improved compared with the prior art products.
  • the annealed microstructure of the copper alloy layer presents improved durability to the multi-filament product.
  • the conductivity of the invention multi-filament product is also improved compared with the prior products, while the strength of the invention multi-filament product keeps good performance.
  • the use of the present invention can be as heating element, especially as car seat heating element.
  • the multi-filament product can be embroidered into a car seat.
  • the multi-filament product provides good heat conductivity, durability and strength to the car seat.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
EP10011924A 2010-09-30 2010-09-30 Multi-filaments avec âme d'acier étirée et couche de cuivre recuite Withdrawn EP2436807A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10011924A EP2436807A1 (fr) 2010-09-30 2010-09-30 Multi-filaments avec âme d'acier étirée et couche de cuivre recuite

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10011924A EP2436807A1 (fr) 2010-09-30 2010-09-30 Multi-filaments avec âme d'acier étirée et couche de cuivre recuite

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EP2436807A1 true EP2436807A1 (fr) 2012-04-04

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2729676B1 (fr) * 2011-07-07 2015-10-07 NV Bekaert SA Réservoir pour réduction catalytique sélective équipé d'un élément chauffant
WO2020078800A1 (fr) * 2018-10-17 2020-04-23 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Corporation Procédé de réduction de l'usure de contact de câbles d'acier et de courroies

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1156540A (en) * 1967-01-24 1969-06-25 Nat Standard Co Aluminum Clad Electric Conductor Wire and Method of making such Wire
FR2647271A3 (fr) * 1989-05-16 1990-11-23 Billette De Villemeur Philippe Element de contact de connecteur electrique
JPH05177243A (ja) 1992-01-08 1993-07-20 Bridgestone Bekaert Steel Code Kk 金属繊維
US7041943B2 (en) 2002-02-14 2006-05-09 I G Bauerhin Gmbh Electrical heating element for heating units of seats and steering wheels
WO2008154943A1 (fr) * 2007-06-21 2008-12-24 Feindrahtwerk Adolf Edelhoff Gmbh & Co. Kg Utilisation d'un élément en fil composite
US20090297883A1 (en) * 2008-05-29 2009-12-03 Gebauer & Griller Metallwerk Gmbh Metallic composite wire with at least two metallic layers
WO2009147114A1 (fr) 2008-06-06 2009-12-10 Nv Bekaert Sa Fil multi-faisceaux à torsions réduites
EP2179870A1 (fr) * 2008-03-14 2010-04-28 Sumitomo Electric Tochigi Co., Ltd. Tringle de talon annulaire, concentriquement torsadée, son procédé de fabrication et pneu de véhicule

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1156540A (en) * 1967-01-24 1969-06-25 Nat Standard Co Aluminum Clad Electric Conductor Wire and Method of making such Wire
FR2647271A3 (fr) * 1989-05-16 1990-11-23 Billette De Villemeur Philippe Element de contact de connecteur electrique
JPH05177243A (ja) 1992-01-08 1993-07-20 Bridgestone Bekaert Steel Code Kk 金属繊維
US7041943B2 (en) 2002-02-14 2006-05-09 I G Bauerhin Gmbh Electrical heating element for heating units of seats and steering wheels
WO2008154943A1 (fr) * 2007-06-21 2008-12-24 Feindrahtwerk Adolf Edelhoff Gmbh & Co. Kg Utilisation d'un élément en fil composite
EP2179870A1 (fr) * 2008-03-14 2010-04-28 Sumitomo Electric Tochigi Co., Ltd. Tringle de talon annulaire, concentriquement torsadée, son procédé de fabrication et pneu de véhicule
US20090297883A1 (en) * 2008-05-29 2009-12-03 Gebauer & Griller Metallwerk Gmbh Metallic composite wire with at least two metallic layers
WO2009147114A1 (fr) 2008-06-06 2009-12-10 Nv Bekaert Sa Fil multi-faisceaux à torsions réduites

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2729676B1 (fr) * 2011-07-07 2015-10-07 NV Bekaert SA Réservoir pour réduction catalytique sélective équipé d'un élément chauffant
WO2020078800A1 (fr) * 2018-10-17 2020-04-23 Thyssenkrupp Elevator Corporation Procédé de réduction de l'usure de contact de câbles d'acier et de courroies

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