EP2435664A2 - Spaltkontrollsystem, strömungsmaschine und verfahren zum einstellen eines laufspalts zwischen einem rotor und einer ummantelung einer strömungsmaschine - Google Patents
Spaltkontrollsystem, strömungsmaschine und verfahren zum einstellen eines laufspalts zwischen einem rotor und einer ummantelung einer strömungsmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP2435664A2 EP2435664A2 EP10730045A EP10730045A EP2435664A2 EP 2435664 A2 EP2435664 A2 EP 2435664A2 EP 10730045 A EP10730045 A EP 10730045A EP 10730045 A EP10730045 A EP 10730045A EP 2435664 A2 EP2435664 A2 EP 2435664A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- control system
- adjusting
- gap
- turbomachine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/14—Adjusting or regulating tip-clearance, i.e. distance between rotor-blade tips and stator casing
- F01D11/20—Actively adjusting tip-clearance
- F01D11/22—Actively adjusting tip-clearance by mechanically actuating the stator or rotor components, e.g. moving shroud sections relative to the rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/10—Stators
- F05D2240/11—Shroud seal segments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/50—Kinematic linkage, i.e. transmission of position
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gap control system for adjusting a nip between a rotor blades comprising a rotor blades of a turbomachine, in particular a gas turbine, and a surrounding this at least partially surrounding, at least two segments comprising sheath.
- the invention further relates to a turbomachine, in particular a gas turbine, in the preamble of
- Claim 19 specified type and a method for adjusting a running gap between a rotor blades comprehensive rotor of a turbomachine, in particular a gas turbine, and at least partially surrounding this, at least two segments comprising sheath.
- the efficiency of a turbomachine depends essentially on the size of the radial running gap between a rotor and static components of the turbomachine.
- the position of the surge limit-that is to say the limit up to which stable operation of the turbomachine is possible- is also determined essentially by the size of the running gap.
- the realization of the smallest possible, over the operating life of the turbomachine constant radial clearance gaps is therefore a primary design goal. This is even more important the smaller the dimensions of rotor blades of the rotor. This is the case, for example, in the rear stages of a high-pressure compressor or a turbomachine designed as a high-pressure turbine.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic line diagram of a time- and load-dependent gap change between a rotor disk and a jacket of a turbomachine surrounding it, such as it typically occurs during the operation of a high pressure compressor, known from the prior art turbomachine for an engine of the 30 klb thrust class.
- the solid line ⁇ ⁇ describe a radius of the rotor disk and the solid line ⁇ 2 a radius of the shroud
- the dashed line ⁇ 3 describes the required for setting a running gap L with an optimal size ⁇ r opt radius of the shroud.
- the optimum size ⁇ r opt of the nip L should be able to be adjusted by means of a gap control system of the turbomachine.
- the sheath with its lower mass compared to the rotor, generally reacts thermally much faster (range B 3 ).
- the running gap L becomes smaller again and reaches its minimum value ⁇ r m j n , since the jacket cools faster than the rotor.
- the initial size Ar 1 of the nip L returns after a certain time. From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the required Verstellhub the Sheath is relatively small and less than 1.0 mm. To achieve a significant improvement, therefore, gap control systems with variable speed drives are required, which work as accurate and free of play.
- the described transient splitting behavior of a purely passive gap control system and the requirement that a "hard” rubbing of the rotor blades on the casing is to be avoided leads, especially in the high pressure range of modern turbomachines to stationary running gap sizes ⁇ r stat in the range of about 2-3% of the height
- the maximum running gap sizes ⁇ r max that occur during transient operation can reach more than twice the values.
- the size of the running gap of a turbomachine depends in summary on various parameters:
- thermally active gap control systems in which the running gap is optimized by targeted cooling or heating of the relevant components.
- Examples of this are the gap control system of the CFM56 engine family, in which the rotor temperature is controlled, or known from US 4,329,114 Gap control system, by means of which the housing temperature of the turbomachine is regulated. Since these gap control systems only act by influencing the component temperatures, they react relatively slowly and can therefore only significantly improve the stationary clearance gaps. On rapid changes of the nip - as described above in transient operating conditions arise - on an offset between a rotational axis of the rotor and a central axis of the sheath and on eccentricities, such as occur in Manöverlasten, these gap control systems can not or only very limited react.
- Each three segments are coupled together by a lever mechanism. These coupled segments are adjusted uniformly, each with an actuator in response to measurement signals of multiple sensor devices.
- the running gap in each of these coupled segment groups can hereby be set over the circumferential extent of the segment group to a middle running gap. With diameter changes of the rotor and the jacket, the gap control system thus provides comparatively good results. However, an offset between the axis of rotation of the rotor and the central axis of the casing as well as ovalizations of the casing can not be compensated satisfactorily or not.
- a turbomachine with a segmented casing is also shown, wherein each segment for adjusting the running gap by a gap control system is movable.
- the segments are moved between wedge-shaped guide elements, wherein a disc spring stack, the segments with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor radially outward and the gap control system can move the segments radially towards the rotor.
- a high number of actuators and sensor devices are required, whereby the gap maintenance system is not only expensive and difficult, but also has a relatively high failure probability.
- No. 5,104,287 describes a gap holding system for a segmented casing of a rotor of a turbine rotor comprising rotor blades.
- Each segment of the casing can be moved radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor by means of two associated adjusting screws of the gap holding system comprising threaded spindles.
- the adjusting gear are coupled in pairs with a designed as a ring and concentrically arranged around the rotor adjusting.
- the adjustment of the running gap is made by turning the ring, whose rotational movement is converted by the adjusting gear in a uniform radial movement of the segments away from the rotor.
- Shaft-shaped flat springs are arranged between the segments and a supporting housing of the casing, which press the segments radially inward, that is to say in the direction of the rotor.
- a disadvantage is the fact that the segments of the shell can only be moved radially together, so that only a few of the above influencing variables can be counteracted. In particular, ovalizations of the casing or an offset between the axis of rotation of the rotor and the central axis of the casing can not be compensated. Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that the flat springs and the adjusting mechanism come into direct contact with the high rotor chamber temperatures during operation of the turbomachine.
- Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a gap control system of the type mentioned, which allows a structurally simple way a compensation of as many influencing factors and thus reliable and reliable adjustability of the running gap under different operating conditions of the associated turbomachine.
- Another object is to provide a turbomachine with such a gap control system and a corresponding method for adjusting a running gap of a turbomachine.
- a gap control system which allows in a structurally simple way a compensation of as many influencing factors and thus a reliable and reliable adjustability of the running gap under different operating conditions of the associated turbomachine, inventively created by the adjustment for adjusting the running gap axially with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor and slidably / or is pivotable relative to the rotor and that the at least one adjusting mechanism is adapted to convert an at least predominantly axial movement of the adjusting element into an at least predominantly radial movement of the associated segment of the casing.
- the gap control system makes it possible, on the one hand, to move the segments uniformly over the circumference of the rotor by axial movement of the adjusting element and to achieve a correspondingly uniform change of the running gap.
- a non-uniform movement of the segments over the circumference of the rotor can be generated, thereby also ovalizing the casing due to maneuvering and compressive forces and any offset between the axis of rotation of the rotor and the central axis the sheath can be easily considered and compensated.
- the running gap can thus be optimally adjusted independently of the operating state of the associated turbomachine, whereby the efficiency of the turbomachine is increased and their fuel consumption is reduced accordingly. Due to the structurally simple construction of the gap control system according to the invention also result in comparison to known gap control systems also significant cost and weight savings and advantageously increased reliability and ease of maintenance.
- the gap control system is suitable both for a single calls as well as for several stages of a turbomachine.
- the adjusting element is at least substantially formed as a ring. This is a structurally simple, inexpensive and space-saving arrangement of the
- Adjusting element in the region of the rotor or the casing allows.
- forces occurring when moving or pivoting of the adjustment can be well distributed, whereby the mechanical stability and life of the adjustment is extended accordingly.
- the adjusting element comprising a plurality of subsections which are preferably connected to one another in an articulated manner.
- the adjusting element has additional degrees of freedom of movement, so that an additionally improved adjustability of the running gap during pivoting of the adjusting element is made possible.
- a buckling of the adjusting element ie by a relative pivoting of the sections to each other, an ovalization of the shell due to maneuvers and compressive forces are particularly easy to compensate.
- at least one adjusting mechanism is fixed to a support housing. This results in a particularly stable and reliable arrangement of the variable transmission.
- the support housing may be formed, for example, as an outer housing of the turbomachine or be arrangeable within a separate outer housing.
- the support housing is annular and / or the outer circumference of the sheath and / or can be arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation of the rotor.
- the casing comprises at least one vane and / or is preferably supported by means of a push rod relative to the support housing.
- the guide vanes are usually fastened to the support housing, so that no influence can be exerted on the inner running gap.
- the casing comprising the at least one vane-for example by the vane being fixed to the casing-the vane can advantageously be moved during the adjustment of the rotor's nip, whereby the internal gap of the turbomachine can also be adjusted.
- the at least one guide vane is supported in the circumferential and / or axial direction on the support housing.
- the at least one adjusting is supported by means of the push rod relative to the support housing.
- the sensor device can basically operate according to different physical principles, for example capacitive, inductive, optical, with microwaves or with eddy current.
- a plurality of sensor devices are provided which, preferably uniformly, are arranged at a distance from one another and / or can be arranged on the outer circumference of the sheathing. In this way it is possible to use the running gap by means of several
- the running gap can thus be determined in a particularly precise and spatially resolved manner, so that correspondingly different stroke movements of the segments can be executed and a uniform running gap can be generated.
- At least one actuator coupled to the adjusting element is provided, by means of which the adjusting element is axially displaceable relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor or pivotable relative to the rotor.
- the adjusting element can be moved in a particularly simple and precise manner.
- the actuator can function according to different physical principles, for example hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically, piezoelectrically or magnetically.
- the at least one actuator is arranged in the region of at least one variable transmission.
- a particularly short power transmission path and a correspondingly precise adjustability of the running gap are provided via the adjusting element.
- the actuator is arranged in the region of a sensor device. As a result, a simplified and particularly precise adjustability of the running gap is ensured due to the small spatial distance between the sensor device and the actuator.
- a further improvement of the adjustability of the nip is given in a further embodiment in that at least one control and / or regulating unit is provided, which is coupled to at least one sensor device and at least one actuator and is designed to at least one actuator in dependence of the To control or regulate at least one sensor device determined size of the running gap.
- a plurality of adjusting gears are provided, which are arranged axially with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor and together can be actuated by means of the adjusting element. Since the rotors of several stages of a turbomachine designed as a high-pressure compressor show a similar expansion behavior over time - especially if the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials used are similar - running columns of several stages can be set with the same movement of the adjusting element. It may optionally be provided that - for example, by different lever lengths on the adjusting - different strokes on the segments of the multi-part casing of different levels can be achieved. In addition, if required, a different gap size can be created or set at each stage.
- At least one adjusting gear coupled to the adjusting element actuating lever and / or a thrust bearing and / or a recirculating ball screw and / or a spindle drive and / or an eccentric shaft and / or a bending spring and / or a spring element and / or a toggle lever and / or a toggle pin which can be coupled to at least one segment of the casing and / or a grid.
- a backlash-free power transmission from the adjusting element to the at least one adjusting mechanism can be ensured in a particularly simple manner, and a likewise backlash-free and optionally rastered movement of the respective segment can be generated.
- the at least one adjusting mechanism thereby makes it possible, in a structurally simple way, to convert an at least predominantly axial movement of the adjusting element into a small radial movement of the segment of the casing.
- At least one adjusting mechanism comprising a sealing element, which preferably as a tension band and / or bellows seal and / or
- Piston ring and / or C-seal is formed.
- a sealing element on the one hand, the required movement possibility, for example, a lifting movement or thermal expansion difference can be provided, on the other hand, at the same time spaces of different pressure can be sealed against each other.
- At least one adjusting gear coupled to at least one segment Draw bolt and a coupled to the at least one segment pressure pin comprises, wherein the tension bolt and the pressure pin are movable relative to each other and subjected to a force.
- the application of force between the tension bolt and the pressure bolt can be generated, for example, with the aid of a spring element, with basically any desired spring designs, such as helical springs, cup spring packs or the like, being able to be provided.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a turbomachine, in particular a gas turbine rotor having a rotor blades, at least partially surrounding it, at least two segments comprising sheath, and a gap control system by means of which a running gap between the rotor and the sheath is adjustable.
- a gap control system is designed according to one of the preceding embodiments.
- the gap control system is accommodated in a housing and / or forms at least a part of the housing.
- the inclusion in a housing of the turbomachine allows a mechanically stable, reliable and space-saving arrangement of the gap control system.
- the gap control system itself forms at least a part of the housing.
- the casing comprising at least one vane. If the at least one vane is provided on the casing or on a segment, advantageously, the running gaps on the Ring space inner contour, that is, the gap between the rotor and the at least one vane, set by the gap control system. The forces generated by the at least one vane during operation of the turbomachine then act on the segments.
- the at least two segments of the casing are coupled together.
- a coupling by means of at least one adjusting gear adjacent regions of two segments can advantageously be moved radially together.
- a steady transition from one segment to the adjacent segment is ensured so that the emergence of crescent-shaped running gaps is particularly reliably prevented.
- thereby a high backlash is achieved at the junction between the segments and the at least one adjusting.
- At least one segment of the casing comprises a stiffening element, by means of which a curvature of the segment is adjustable in dependence on the size of the running gap.
- a stiffening element by means of which a curvature of the segment is adjustable in dependence on the size of the running gap.
- the gap control system in the region of a low-pressure compressor stage and / or a high-pressure compressor stage and / or a low-pressure turbine stage and / or a High-pressure turbine stage of the turbomachine is arranged.
- Such an arrangement allows a particularly variable embodiment of the turbomachine and a particularly high, at least largely operating state independent efficiency.
- sheath comprising two segments formed as half-rings and / or at most eight, more preferably at most six segments.
- the number of components and thus the potential leakage points is kept small.
- the ease of assembly and maintenance is considerably improved.
- each segment of the casing is coupled to at least two and preferably three spaced-apart adjusting the gap control system. Since the segments are designed for a certain diameter, crescent-shaped running gaps can generally result from the radial movement of the segments due to the occurrence of curvatures. In addition, in unsteady operating states of the fluid machine with a radial temperature gradient, which could change the curvature uncontrolled, as well as with mechanical stresses (for example, by gas loads) must be expected. Thus, the segments operating state independently the desired constant
- each segment is coupled at least at two and preferably at three circumferential locations, each with an adjusting gear and thus forced to a circular path with the current rotor diameter plus the adjustable running gap. If a segment is coupled to only two variable speed drives, it has been found to be advantageous if the two variable speed drives engage the segment edges of the segment to force it to the desired circular segment path.
- the adjustability of a constant curvature is promoted by a corresponding geometric design and / or a stiffness distribution of the segments.
- Segments are chosen so that the second derivative of the bending line gives a constant value and accordingly there is a constant curvature. Further advantages result from the fact that several casings are arranged along the axis of rotation of the rotor with the formation of a plurality of flow gaps and the running gaps are jointly adjustable by means of the gap control system between the rotor and the casings. As a result, the running gaps of several stages of the turbomachine can advantageously be set jointly by means of the gap control system, which results in significant cost and weight savings.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for adjusting a running gap between a rotor comprising a rotor blades of a turbomachine, in particular a gas turbine, and a surrounding this at least partially surrounding, at least two segments comprising sheath.
- the method comprises at least the steps of determining a size of the running gap by means of at least one sensor device and transmitting the variable to a control and / or to compensate for as many influencing factors as possible and thus a reliable and reliable adjustment of the running gap under different operating conditions of the turbomachine Control unit, controlling or regulating at least one actuator by means of the control and / or regulating unit as a function of the determined size of the running gap, axial displacement and / or pivoting with respect to a rotational axis of the rotor of an adjusting element arranged around the rotor by means of the at least one actuator, actuating at least an adjusting mechanism by means of the adjusting element and radial movement relative to the axis of rotation of the rotor of at least one segment of the casing by means of the at least one adjusting gear.
- the size of the running gap in the case of a faulty sensor device by means of the control and / or
- Determined control unit based on the transmitted size of a further sensor device and the at least one actuator controlled in dependence of the determined size or is regulated.
- an increased reliability can be achieved by a corresponding control or regulating logic by controlling the at least one actuator as a function of the measuring signals of the further, intact sensor device.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic line diagram of a time- and load-dependent change in radius of a rotor and a surrounding casing of a turbomachine surrounding it;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a gap control system according to a first embodiment
- Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of that shown in Fig. 2
- Gap control system wherein in addition to a change in diameter and a central axis offset additionally an ovalization of the sheath occurs;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of three segments of that shown in FIG.
- each segment is coupled to a plurality of adjusting gears of the gap control system
- 5 shows several embodiments of segments provided with stiffening elements of the casing
- 6 is a schematic perspective view of a segment comprising a plurality of guide vanes, which is supported by a push rod in relation to a support housing;
- variable-speed transmission 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of the variable-speed transmission in a schematic perspective and side view
- Fig. 8 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the variable speed in a schematic
- FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the gap control system according to a second embodiment.
- Fig. 10 is a schematic and partially sectional side view of a provided with the gap control system shown in Fig. 9
- FIG. 11 is a schematic and partially sectioned perspective view of an adjusting mechanism shown in FIG. 9; FIG. and
- Fig. 12 is a schematic side sectional view of the adjusting according to a further embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic line diagram of a time- and load-dependent change in radius of a rotor and a surrounding casing of a turbomachine surrounding it and has already been explained above.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a gap control system according to a first exemplary embodiment.
- the gap control system serves to set the nip L between a rotor 12 (see Fig.
- the gap control system here comprises eight adjusting gear 20, which are each coupled to at least one segment 16 of the casing 18. By means of the adjusting gear 20, the segments 16a-d for adjusting the running gap can be moved radially relative to a rotational axis D of the rotor 12. Furthermore, the gap control system comprises a can be arranged around the rotor 12
- Adjusting element 22 which in the present case is substantially formed as a ring and two hingedly interconnected half-rings as sections 22a, 22b comprises.
- the adjusting element 22 is coupled to the adjusting gear 20 and can be moved axially relative to the axis of rotation D of the rotor 12 or pivoted relative to the rotor 12 for actuating the adjusting gear 20 and thus for adjusting the running gap L.
- the adjusting gear 20 are designed to convert an at least predominantly axial movement of the adjusting element 22 into an at least predominantly radial movement of the respectively associated segments 16a-d of the casing 18.
- the segments 16a-d are arranged within a ring-shaped support housing 24 arranged concentrically with the axis of rotation D of the rotor 12.
- Support housing 24 may be formed as an outer housing of the turbomachine 14 or lie within a separate outer housing.
- the adjusting 20 - and thus indirectly the adjusting element 22 - are fixed to the support housing 24.
- a total of four sensor devices 26a-d are uniformly spaced from one another on the support housing 24 in the vicinity of each second adjusting gear 20, by means of which a size of the running gap L at different circumferential positions can be determined.
- Between the support housing 24 and the radially displaceable segments 16a-d are sealing elements (not shown).
- the sealing elements can be designed as sealing flakes (so-called “leaf seals”), whereby other types of seals, for example brush seals or C-rings, can be provided.
- the sealing elements 40 prevent a carrying-housing-side flow around the segments 16a-d in the axial direction.
- the gap control system further comprises four actuators 28a-d coupled to the adjusting element 22, by means of which the adjusting element 22 is displaceable axially relative to the axis of rotation D of the rotor 12 or pivotable relative to the rotor 12.
- the actuators 28a-d are arranged uniformly spaced from each other on the outer circumference of the casing 18 and in each case in the region of an adjusting gear 20.
- the gap control system has control and / or regulating unit 30, which is coupled to the sensor devices 26a-d and the actuators 28a-d.
- the control and / or regulating unit 30 is designed to control or regulate the actuators 28a-d as a function of the size ⁇ r of the running gap L determined by means of the sensor devices 26a-d.
- the control signals supplied by the sensor devices 26a-d are processed in the control and / or regulating unit 30.
- the respective actuator 26a-d associated with the relevant sensor device 26a-d normally receives a signal to move the adjusting element axially until the optimum size ⁇ r opt of the sensor device 26a-d in question Run gap L can be determined. The same happens at the other sensor positions. This makes it possible to perform at different circumferential positions different strokes of the segments 16a-d.
- the sensor devices 26a-d can operate according to various physical principles, for example, capacitively, inductively, optically, with microwaves or with
- actuators 28a-d which can be operated, for example, hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically, piezoelectrically or magnetically.
- the actuator 26a-d whose normally assigned sensor device 26a-d has failed, can nevertheless be activated via a corresponding error logic by the preferably redundantly designed control and / or regulating unit 30.
- a corresponding control signal can be derived from the signals of the remaining functional sensor device 26a-d.
- the adjusting element 22 of all actuators 28a-d axially with respect to the axis of rotation D of the rotor 12 is moved.
- the adjusting element 22 With an offset of the center axis M of the support housing 24 with respect to the axis of rotation D, the adjusting element 22, however, is moved differently in the axial direction at the individual actuator positions.
- the adjusting element 22 thereby performs a spatial pivotal movement relative to the rotor 12 and its axis of rotation D (wobble). In this way, a constant running gap L over the entire circumference of the sheath 18 can be adjusted.
- a particular advantage of the adjusting mechanism 20 lies in the fact that they can convert comparatively large movements of the actuators 28a-d into comparatively small movements of the segments 16a-d, as a result of which the running gap L can be set particularly precisely.
- a point on a tip of a rotor blade 10 describes an ideal circular path.
- a circle is uniquely determined when three points in space are known that lie at different circumferential positions in the circle plane. If one neglects first the case of an ovalization of the sheath 18, a total of three sensor devices 26 and three actuators 28 are connected to a one-piece adjusting element 22 in order to set a running gap L which is constant over the circumference of the sheath 18 in different operating states of the turbomachine.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the gap control system shown in Fig. 2, wherein in addition to a change in the diameter ⁇ or the radius of the rotor 12 in addition an offset between the central axis M and the axis of rotation D and an ovalization of the sheath 18 occurs.
- the sheathing 18 in turn has a minimum diameter ⁇ m j n and a maximum diameter ⁇ max , whereby the running gap L varies over the circumference and has different sizes ⁇ r ad .
- the gap control system already explained in FIG. 2 comprises the four actuators 28a-d and the four sensor devices 26a-d.
- Each of the actuators 28a-d moves the adjusting element 22 differently far along the axis of rotation D, whereby a pivoting movement is generated. This is made possible by the multi-part and articulated construction of the adjusting element 22.
- a linear displacement of the adjusting element 22 along the central axis M or the axis of rotation D By a linear displacement of the adjusting element 22 along the central axis M or the axis of rotation D, a uniform change in the radius of the casing 18 can be achieved.
- a center line offset can be compensated.
- the ovalization can also be completely compensated by "bending" of the adjusting element 22, ie by relative pivoting of the partial sections 22a, 22b, when the articulated connection of the partial sections 22a, 22b of the adjusting element 22 in a through
- the ovalization is only partially compensated.
- the ovalization is to be at least approximately completely compensated for in any position of the cross-sectional ellipses, another one has Dividing the adjusting element 22 shown for example in three sections or the use of six actuators 28 shown advantageous.Because the ovalization of the casing 18 is usually small compared to the offset between the center axis M and the axis of rotation D, has a gap control system four actuators 28 usually shown as perfectly adequate.
- the gap control system is able to adjust the running gap L over the circumference of the sheath 18 with different adjustment paths. As a result, it is possible to react both to changes in the diameter ⁇ or the radius r of the rotor 12 and to an offset between the center axis M of the casing 18 and the axis of rotation D of the rotor 12 and also to an ovalization of the casing 18.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic perspective view of three segments 16a-c of the sheath 18 shown in Fig. 2, wherein each segment 16a-c is coupled to a plurality of adjusting gears 20 of the gap control system.
- the segments 16a-c are usually made for a certain diameter. If the relatively large segments 16a-d simply shifted to a different radius, would arise due to their curvature, crescent-shaped running column L.
- in unsteady operating conditions of the turbomachine with a radial temperature gradient which changes the curvature uncontrolled, as well as with mechanical stress (eg by gas loads) can be expected.
- each segment 16a-d is coupled at three circumferential points with an adjusting gear 20 and forced by this on a circular path with the current rotor diameter plus the desired running gap L.
- an adjusting 20 20 two segments 16 is assigned.
- the segments 16a-d are positively connected in the radial direction with their respective adjacent segments 16 at the segment edges.
- the positive connection is generated by a tension bolt 31 and a spring-loaded pressure plate 33 of the adjusting 20. This is achieved at the junction of the segments 16a-d with the respective adjustment gears 20 backlash.
- the segments 16a-d are mutually displaceable, which on the one hand because of the different occurring during operation
- FIG. 5 shows several exemplary embodiments of segments 16 each provided with stiffening elements 32.
- the stiffening elements 32 may be formed integrally with the segments 16. Possible embodiments of the stiffening elements 32 include, for example, variation of the radial height of the segment 16 or ribs of decreasing width towards the segment edges. In this way, the stiffness distribution of the segments 16 can be optimally adapted.
- Fig. 6 shows a schematic perspective view of a plurality of vanes 34 comprising segment 16, which is indirectly supported by means of a hinged at its ends push rod 36 relative to the support housing 24 (not shown) of the turbomachine.
- a fastening element of the adjusting gear 20 simultaneously acts as a support element for the push rod 36, so that occurring forces are introduced into the support housing.
- the vanes 34 may be formed as separate components or as an integral part of the segments 16. Alternatively or additionally, the guide vanes 34 may be fixed to the support housing 24. When the vanes 34 are secured to the segments 16 as shown, the clearance gaps on the annular space inner contour, that is, the clearance between the rotor 12 and the vanes 34, are also adjusted by the clearance control system. The forces generated by the vane 34 then act on the segment 16. So that the gap control system is not adversely affected by these forces, it makes sense to derive the forces by means of the push rod 36 and distribute.
- Fig. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of the variable transmission 20 in a schematic perspective and side view.
- the adjusting mechanism 20 also allows the conversion of a predominantly axial movement of the adjusting element 22 in a small radial movement of the associated segment 16.
- the adjusting 20 includes a bending spring 38 which is mounted on the support housing 24 and deformed by a coupled to the adjusting element 22 toggle mechanism 42 can be.
- a traverse 44 attached to the bending spring 38 transmits the movement to the segment 16.
- variable speed transmission 20 is shown in schematic perspective and side view in Fig. 8.
- the radial movement of the cross member 44 and thus of the segment 16 is generated by rotating eccentric shafts 46 coupled to the adjusting element 22.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic perspective view of the gap control system according to a second exemplary embodiment.
- the basic structure is already out of the
- the present gap control system comprises a plurality of groups of three each, via a Coupling rod 48 coupled to each other adjusting gears 20 which are each arranged axially relative to the axis of rotation D of the rotor 12 and actuated jointly by means of the adjusting element 22.
- the sheath 18 comprises a plurality of groups of segments 16, which are also arranged along the axis of rotation D of the rotor 12.
- the gap maintenance system is therefore particularly suitable for multi-stage turbomachinery. Since the rotor expansions of the stages in a high pressure compressor show a similar temporal behavior - especially if the
- Thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used are chosen similarly - it is possible in conjunction with an optimization of the temporal expansion behavior of the support housing 24 (geometric design, mass distribution, insulation and the like), the
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic and partially side sectional view of a multistage turbomachine 14 provided with the gap control system shown in FIG. 9.
- the turbomachine 14 or the gap control system will be explained below in conjunction with FIGS. 11 and 12.
- 11 shows a schematic and partially sectioned perspective view of an adjusting gear 20 shown in FIG. 10, while FIG. 12 finally shows a schematic lateral sectional view of the adjusting gear according to a further exemplary embodiment.
- the general structure of the turbomachine 14 is known from the prior art.
- the three adjusting gears 20 which can be seen in FIG. 10 are arranged along the axis of rotation D of the rotor 12 and secured to a supporting housing 24 of the turbomachine 14. Due to a comparable expansion behavior, the three adjusting 20 are controlled or regulated together.
- the adjusting gears 20 are controlled or regulated individually or in groups.
- the gap control system can in principle be arranged both in compressor and in turbine stages. Special benefits arise When the gap control system is arranged in the region of the rear stages of the turbomachine, because of the small blades, the ratio between running gap and blade size is particularly relevant.
- Each adjusting gear 20 is sealed with sealing elements 52.
- Two liner segments 16a, 16b are urged radially inward toward the rotor 12 by a spring element 54 (e.g., coil spring, Belleville spring pack, etc.) via a compression sleeve 80 and the pressure plate 33. So that no segment 16 is moved into the rotor 12, each segment 16 via a thread 58, which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 as recirculating ball screw and in the embodiment shown in FIG.
- Movement thread is formed are moved radially away from the rotor 12.
- the power transmission takes place in each case via a thrust bearing 60 onto an armature plate 62 and the tension bolt 31.
- This tension bolt 31 is positively connected to the segment 16 or the segments 16a, 16b, wherein in FIG. 12 a sliding position between the segment 16b and the tension bolt 31st is exemplified by arrow XII.
- the described arrangement has the advantage that the entire adjusting mechanism 20 is braced by the spring elements 54 and thus free of play.
- the thread 58 in combination with the thrust bearing 60 has the advantage that the adjusting gear 20 has a low wear and a low internal friction.
- the spring elements 54 are presently integrated into the adjusting mechanism 20 and are arranged outside the outer housing 50 and thus in the comparatively cold region of the turbomachine 14. Between the outer housing 50 and the adjusting gear 20, and within the adjusting gear 20 different sealing elements 52 are arranged. These give the components the necessary movement possibilities (lifting movement and thermal expansion) and at the same time seal spaces with different pressures against each other.
- sealing elements 52 designed as piston rings, C-seals, bellows or the like may also be provided.
- an actuating lever 66 of the adjusting 20 can be seen, which coupled on the one hand with the adjusting element 22 and on the other hand rotationally fixed to the Thread 58 is connected to convert the at least substantially axial movement of the adjusting element 22 in a smaller radial movement.
- a basically optional screening facilitates the desired adjustability of the running gap L in some applications.
- the adjusting mechanism 20 according to the exemplary embodiment shown functions in the manner of a spindle drive.
- Adjusting gear 20 is fixed to the support housing 24 of the turbomachine by screws, welding or the like.
- connection sleeve 82 is further recognizable.
- the spring element 54 coil spring, cup spring package, etc. presses the segments 16a, 16b over one
- the nut part 58a of the thread 58 acts on the armature plate 62 via a thrust bearing and on the segments 16a, 16b via the tension bolt 31 or on a single segment 16 in the middle of a segment.
- the tension bolt 31 counteracts the pressure pin 80, as a result the entire adjusting 20 is biased in and thus free of play.
- the rotation of the nut member 58a causes a radial displacement of the armature plate 62 and the indirectly connected thereto segments 16a, 16b.
- Various sliding elements 52 are provided at the sliding points (arrow XII) between the adjusting mechanism 20 and housings (outer housing 50 or supporting housing 24) and within the adjusting mechanism 20.
- the connecting sleeve 82, the thread 58 and the anchor plate 62 form a Verstellgetriebegephase 90 here.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009023062A DE102009023062A1 (de) | 2009-05-28 | 2009-05-28 | Spaltkontrollsystem, Strömungsmaschine und Verfahren zum Einstellen eines Laufspalts zwischen einem Rotor und einer Ummantelung einer Strömungsmaschine |
| PCT/DE2010/000560 WO2010136014A2 (de) | 2009-05-28 | 2010-05-18 | Spaltkontrollsystem, strömungsmaschine und verfahren zum einstellen eines laufspalts zwischen einem rotor und einer ummantelung einer strömungsmaschine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2435664A2 true EP2435664A2 (de) | 2012-04-04 |
| EP2435664B1 EP2435664B1 (de) | 2016-08-17 |
Family
ID=43028447
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10730045.1A Not-in-force EP2435664B1 (de) | 2009-05-28 | 2010-05-18 | Spaltkontrollsystem für eine strömungsmaschine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9068471B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2435664B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102009023062A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2010136014A2 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0910070D0 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2009-07-22 | Rolls Royce Plc | System and method for adjusting rotor-stator clearance |
| US9039346B2 (en) | 2011-10-17 | 2015-05-26 | General Electric Company | Rotor support thermal control system |
| US9228447B2 (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2016-01-05 | United Technologies Corporation | Adjustable blade outer air seal apparatus |
| US9951643B2 (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2018-04-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Rapid response clearance control system with spring assist for gas turbine engine |
| US10815813B2 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2020-10-27 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine rapid response clearance control system with annular piston |
| US10557367B2 (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2020-02-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Accessible rapid response clearance control system |
| US9567865B2 (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2017-02-14 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Turbomachine blade clearance control system |
| US9970315B2 (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2018-05-15 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Movable vane control system |
| US10753223B2 (en) * | 2017-10-04 | 2020-08-25 | General Electric Company | Active centering control for static annular turbine flowpath structures |
| US11156455B2 (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2021-10-26 | General Electric Company | System and method for measuring clearance gaps between rotating and stationary components of a turbomachine |
| US11008882B2 (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2021-05-18 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. | Blade tip clearance assembly |
| CN111058903B (zh) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-09-29 | 潍坊联信增压器股份有限公司 | 一种具有保护功能的涡轮发动机 |
| CN112761736B (zh) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-07-15 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | 一种模拟态涡轮性能试验用涡轮叶尖间隙可调装置 |
| US12338738B2 (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2025-06-24 | General Electric Company | Variable flowpath casings for blade tip clearance control |
| US12012859B2 (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2024-06-18 | General Electric Company | Variable flowpath casings for blade tip clearance control |
| US11808157B1 (en) | 2022-07-13 | 2023-11-07 | General Electric Company | Variable flowpath casings for blade tip clearance control |
| US12006829B1 (en) | 2023-02-16 | 2024-06-11 | General Electric Company | Seal member support system for a gas turbine engine |
| US12486779B2 (en) | 2023-03-08 | 2025-12-02 | General Electric Company | Seal support assembly for a turbine engine |
| US12241375B2 (en) | 2023-03-24 | 2025-03-04 | General Electric Company | Seal support assembly for a turbine engine |
| US12372002B2 (en) | 2023-03-24 | 2025-07-29 | General Electric Company | Seal support assembly for a turbine engine |
| US12116896B1 (en) | 2023-03-24 | 2024-10-15 | General Electric Company | Seal support assembly for a turbine engine |
| US12215587B2 (en) | 2023-03-24 | 2025-02-04 | General Electric Company | Seal support assembly for a turbine engine |
| US12421861B2 (en) | 2023-03-24 | 2025-09-23 | General Electric Company | Seal support assembly for a turbine engine |
| US12595745B2 (en) | 2023-03-24 | 2026-04-07 | General Electric Company | Seal support assembly for a turbine engine |
| US12416243B2 (en) | 2023-03-24 | 2025-09-16 | General Electric Company | Seal support assembly for a turbine engine |
| US12215588B2 (en) | 2023-03-27 | 2025-02-04 | General Electric Company | Seal assembly for a gas turbine engine |
| US12326089B2 (en) | 2023-04-24 | 2025-06-10 | General Electric Company | Seal assembly for a gas turbine engine |
| US12517014B2 (en) | 2023-05-17 | 2026-01-06 | Rtx Corporation | Method for extracting rotor dynamic orbit from blade tip clearance and time of arrival measurements |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2857093A (en) * | 1954-12-02 | 1958-10-21 | Cincinnati Testing & Res Lab | Stator casing and blade assembly |
| US2938705A (en) * | 1955-05-26 | 1960-05-31 | Curtiss Wright Corp | Lightweight compressor or turbine structure |
| GB2024336A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1980-01-09 | Rolls Royce | Gas turbine rotor tip clearance control apparatus |
| GB2050524B (en) * | 1979-06-06 | 1982-10-20 | Rolls Royce | Turbine stator shroud assembly |
| US4329114A (en) | 1979-07-25 | 1982-05-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Active clearance control system for a turbomachine |
| US4395195A (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1983-07-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Shroud ring for use in a gas turbine engine |
| GB2099515B (en) | 1981-05-29 | 1984-09-19 | Rolls Royce | Shroud clearance control in a gas turbine engine |
| GB2108591A (en) | 1981-11-03 | 1983-05-18 | Rolls Royce | Casing of a gas turbine engine rotor |
| US5104287A (en) | 1989-09-08 | 1992-04-14 | General Electric Company | Blade tip clearance control apparatus for a gas turbine engine |
| US5054997A (en) * | 1989-11-22 | 1991-10-08 | General Electric Company | Blade tip clearance control apparatus using bellcrank mechanism |
| US5035573A (en) * | 1990-03-21 | 1991-07-30 | General Electric Company | Blade tip clearance control apparatus with shroud segment position adjustment by unison ring movement |
| DE50112597D1 (de) * | 2001-04-12 | 2007-07-19 | Siemens Ag | Gasturbine mit axial verschiebbaren Gehäuseteilen |
| GB0513654D0 (en) * | 2005-07-02 | 2005-08-10 | Rolls Royce Plc | Variable displacement turbine liner |
| GB2440744B (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2008-09-10 | Rolls Royce Plc | A blade clearance arrangement |
| US20080063513A1 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-13 | Siemens Power Generation, Inc. | Turbine blade tip gap reduction system for a turbine engine |
| DE102007056895A1 (de) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-05-28 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Aktive Spaltregeleinrichtung für Rotorgehäuse |
-
2009
- 2009-05-28 DE DE102009023062A patent/DE102009023062A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-05-18 US US13/266,274 patent/US9068471B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-05-18 WO PCT/DE2010/000560 patent/WO2010136014A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2010-05-18 EP EP10730045.1A patent/EP2435664B1/de not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| See references of WO2010136014A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2435664B1 (de) | 2016-08-17 |
| WO2010136014A3 (de) | 2011-06-23 |
| DE102009023062A1 (de) | 2010-12-02 |
| US20120057958A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
| US9068471B2 (en) | 2015-06-30 |
| WO2010136014A2 (de) | 2010-12-02 |
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