EP2434783A1 - Adaptation stéréo automatique - Google Patents

Adaptation stéréo automatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2434783A1
EP2434783A1 EP10179424A EP10179424A EP2434783A1 EP 2434783 A1 EP2434783 A1 EP 2434783A1 EP 10179424 A EP10179424 A EP 10179424A EP 10179424 A EP10179424 A EP 10179424A EP 2434783 A1 EP2434783 A1 EP 2434783A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stereo
signal
signals
width
received
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Granted
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EP10179424A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2434783B1 (fr
Inventor
Christoph Neuss
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Panasonic Industry Europe GmbH
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Panasonic Automotive Systems Europe GmbH
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Priority to EP20100179424 priority Critical patent/EP2434783B1/fr
Publication of EP2434783A1 publication Critical patent/EP2434783A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S1/00—Two-channel systems
    • H04S1/002—Non-adaptive circuits, e.g. manually adjustable or static, for enhancing the sound image or the spatial distribution

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to audio playback. More particularly, the present invention relates to stereo playback by means of an apparatus that is capable of switching over between signals received from different sources.
  • radio apparatuses have been introduced that are capable of receiving signals in multiple ways, broadcast from different sources.
  • Audio broadcasting systems have been used for a long time in the field of audio broadcasting.
  • Audio broadcasting systems that have been practically employed include AM broadcasting systems in which audio information signals are transmitted in the form of an AM (amplitude modulated) audio information signal and FM audio broadcasting systems in which audio information signals are transmitted in the form of FM (frequency modulated) audio information signals.
  • a radio receiver is therefore capable of switching over between the available systems.
  • a radio receiver normally selects and uses for playback, the signal with best audio quality, at a certain instance in time. Such an issue is of particular importance in the case of mobile audio receivers, for instance, those employed in cars and other vehicles.
  • a control signal is used for switching the different receivers in order to select the receiver which provides the best reception.
  • a cross-fading technique is preferably used therefore.
  • signals transmitted by different systems such as digital and analogue broadcasting systems
  • signals distributed by digital broadcasting systems have different spectral properties such as bandwidth and volume as compared with the analogue systems.
  • radio receiving apparatuses adjust the delays and signal levels between the different sources.
  • stereo broadcast sources in particular, analogue broadcast sources, are further characterized by different (possibly also reception-dependent) stereo widths of these sources.
  • the stereo width is a measure indicating the perceived width of a stereo sound in percent of the speaker distance. When the sound is perceived strictly coming from a single direction, there is a stereo width of zero (mono signal). In case of intensity stereophony (X-Y recording scheme), stereo width increases with an increasing angle between the axes of the recording microphones. In case of time-of-arrival stereophony (A-B recording scheme), stereo width increases with an increasing distance between the recording microphones.
  • the stereo width reflects the deviation between the individual signals of the left channel (L) and the right channel (R) constituting a stereo signal.
  • the stereo width can thus be indicated by means of a cross-correlation of left and right channel signals.
  • the other extreme is a cross-correlation of -1 (one channel is the inverse of the other), indicating a very large stereo width.
  • Stereo signals transmitted (broadcast) with different transmission systems are generally characterized by having different stereo widths. Such a situation is particularly common in the case of the analogue and digital transmissions. While the stereo width of the digital transmission may be expected to be independent from signal quality, analogue transmission chains often have varying stereo widths.
  • an audio playback method comprises the steps of playing back a first stereo signal received from a first source, switching over to playback of a second stereo signal received from a second source, and playing back the second stereo signal after the switchover. Further, the method comprises the step of adapting the stereo width of at least one of the first and the second stereo signals, so as to match the stereo width of the signals to each other, before the switching over step.
  • a stereo playback apparatus comprises a first receiving section for receiving a first stereo signal from a first source and a second receiving section for receiving a second stereo signal from a second source. Further, the playback apparatus comprises a playback section for playing back either a first stereo signal received by the first receiving section or a second stereo signal received by the second receiving section. The apparatus further comprises a switching section for switching the played back signal from the first stereo signal received by the first receiving section to the second stereo signal received by the second receiving section. Moreover, the stereo playback apparatus comprises a stereo width adaptation section for adapting the stereo width of at least one of the first and the second stereo signals, so as to match the stereo width of the signals to each other.
  • the invention thus enables a comfortable perception in a situation wherein stereo signal switchover in a simulcast environment is necessary, for instance, in a receiver of a vehicle.
  • one of the stereo signals is an analogue signal and the other stereo signal is a digital signal.
  • the invention enables a seamless switchover from a digital to a analogue broadcast signal or vice versa, for instance, for a mobile receiver in a case when moving into a service area wherein the digital signal becomes weak or unavailable, or moving back into a digital service area.
  • the stereo width of the digital transmission is expected to be independent from signal quality, analogue transmission chains often have varying stereo widths. In this case, it is sufficient to realise a stereo adaptation of only one of the signals.
  • the signal with the full stereo width shall be adjusted towards the narrow width of the worse signal.
  • the invention is however not limited to the case mentioned above.
  • a simulcast transmission of two different analogue signals such as AM and FM is a possible field of application of the present invention.
  • the stereo widths of both signals have been adapted to each other. This can be performed in an iterative procedure.
  • the first and second stereo signals respectively transmit one and the same audio service by different broadcast systems.
  • stereo width adaptation is performed by attenuating a side signal of the at least one of the first and the second stereo signals.
  • a side signal corresponds to a channel of a stereo signal that is encoded in accordance with a particular coding method called M/S-coding that is different from the usual stereo encoding employing left (L) and right (R) channels.
  • M/S-coding the stereo channels are separated not into L and R, but into a mid channel (M) and a side channel (S).
  • the mid channel includes those signal portions that are identically comprised in the L and R channels
  • the side channel includes those signal portions which are different between L and R.
  • the mid channel thus corresponds to a mono signal for playback, while the side channel indicates the stereo width.
  • a signal without stereo width (mono-signal) thus corresponds to zero signal strength in the side channel S.
  • M/S stereo An example of the use of M/S stereo is FM stereo broadcasting, wherein L + R (M) modulates the carrier wave and L - R (S) modulates a sub carrier. Therefore, in case of analogue FM stereo broadcast, the S-channel is particularly affected under the condition of poor reception quality. Since the side channel indicates the stereo width, the result is a reception-dependent stereo width. The stereo width decreases as the reception quality becomes worse.
  • a signal encoded in the conventional UR coding can be transformed into M/S-coding, by applying the described calculation scheme.
  • a recording scheme M/S-recording
  • a stereo signal is directly recording in the form of an M-S signal.
  • the M/S recording technique (mid-side stereophony) employs a bidirectional microphone facing sideways and another microphone (having an omni-directional or cardioid characteristic), facing the sound source. The mid and side signals are recorded, and the stereo width can be manipulated after the recording has taken place.
  • the mid signal represents those parts of the stereo signal which are equal on both channels, and the side signal represents the differences between both channels. If it is desired to widen the stereo width of the signal, it is necessary to increase the relative amplitude of the side signal. Conversely, the stereo width is decreased (the stereo field is narrowed) by decreasing the relative amplitude of the side signal, i.e. the amplitude of the side signal, relative to the mid signal.
  • the level ratio from S to M approximately corresponds to the angle between the axes of the two directional microphones employed in a conventional X-Y technique (typically in a range between 90° and 135°). The larger the angle, the larger is the stereo width.
  • stereo width adaptation can be directly performed by attenuating the S component of the received signal.
  • the signal to be adapted is received in UR coding. Therefore, the signal has to be transformed to M/S-coding, before stereo width adaptation.
  • the M/S-coded stereo signal is transformed/re-transformed into UR-coding, after the side signal attenuation has been performed.
  • playback on a conventional stereo speaker system is enabled.
  • the side signal attenuation is controlled based on a comparison of an L-R-similarity measure of a signal, the stereo width of which is to be adapted with an L-R-similarity measure of a reference stereo signal. Therefore, L-R-similarity measures of both signals are determined, and compared with each other. In a preferred embodiment, simply the signal difference per sample is taken as a similarity measure. The smaller the difference is the higher is the degree of similarity. In an alternative preferred embodiment, L-R cross-correlation functions (employing sampling windows of a predetermined length) are calculated for the signal to be adapted and the reference signal, respectively. The larger the correlation is the higher is the degree of similarity. A person skilled in the art is aware of a plurality of other suitable similarity measures such as a summation of absolute or quadratic L-R-signal differences within a predetermined sampling window.
  • the other one of the received signals the stereo width of which is not to be adapted is used as the reference signal.
  • the reference signal For instance, for adapting a large stereo width ("full stereo") digital signal to a narrower stereo width analogue signal, by decreasing the stereo width of the digital signal (attenuating the side signal of the digital signal), the analogue signal is used as a reference signal.
  • the side signal attenuation is performed step-wisely.
  • attenuation can be controlled in steps of 1 dB (corresponding to a "negative amplification" of -1dB).
  • steps of 1 dB corresponding to a "negative amplification" of -1dB.
  • smaller or larger steps such as 0.5dB or 2dB or any other size of attenuation steps to be adjusted is equally possible.
  • a stepwise adaption depending on the amount of stereo width to be adapted minimizes the discomfort caused to a listener.
  • the switchover step is performed by cross-fading the first and the second stereo signal.
  • a smooth switchover is achieved, providing a high perceiving comfort to a user.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart providing a general overview of a method according to the present invention.
  • a first and a second stereo sound signal are received at steps S10 and S20, respectively.
  • Signal reception at steps S10 and S20 is performed in parallel, at the same time.
  • the first and second received signals provide the same contents in multiple ways (via multiple transmission systems), such as analogue and digital, or via different analogue transmission systems such as AM and FM, or different digital transmission systems such as DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) and DAB (Digital Audio Broadcast), or transmitted via satellite and terrestrially.
  • a radio receiver in accordance with the present invention is generally capable of receiving two audio signals in parallel, only one of these signals is selected for playback, at a certain instance of time.
  • the first signal is selected and played back (step S15).
  • a radio receiver selects the particular one out of the two signals received which enables the highest quality of perception at the moment of selection.
  • parallel digital and analogue signal reception it may generally be assumed that better quality is provided by the digital signal. However, this is true only as long as the receiver is situated within a high quality service area of the digital broadcast.
  • an analogue signal which remains to have a larger service area for a certain period of time, may be able to provide a better quality. In this case, switchover to the analogue signal is desired.
  • the vehicle drives back into the high quality service area of the digital signal, it may be expected that a better service quality is provided by the digital signal, so that a switchover back to the digital signal is desired.
  • the receiver detects the current reception quality of the received signals, and decides which signal to select for playback at a certain instance of time.
  • stereo widths of the signals are further adapted to each other before performing the switchover. In many cases, it is sufficient to adapt only the stereo width of one of the signals, by reduction or enhancement. Usually, the signal having the larger stereo width is adapted to the signal having the lower stereo width, by stereo width reduction. In the particular case illustrated in Fig. 1 , the stereo width of the second signal is adapted at step S25.
  • such a situation occurs, for instance, if playback is switched from an analogue signal to a digital signal.
  • the digital signal generally and stably has a large stereo width.
  • switchover is performed in step S30 with signals, the stereo widths of which coincide to a high degree of accuracy, at a lower level.
  • the second stereo sound signal is played back at step S40.
  • the present invention is however not limited to the particular situation shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the invention also covers a situation wherein the stereo width of the signal that is initially played back ("first signal") has to be adapted before switchover.
  • first signal the stereo width of the signal that is initially played back
  • the stereo width of the first (digital) signal (being generally large) is decreased before switchover, i.e. while the first (digital) signal is still selected for playback.
  • Switchover is performed when the stereo width of the analogue (second) signal has been reached by the digital signal.
  • switchover is performed between signals having coinciding (low) stereo width, so that no difference in stereo width is perceivable by the listener during switchover.
  • the present invention also covers a situation wherein the stereo width of both received signals is adapted before switchover, i.e. the (low) stereo width of one of the signals is increased and the (high) stereo width of the other signal is decreased, to an intermediate stereo width.
  • Fig. 2 is an illustration of an automatic stereo adaptation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the stereo width of only one received signal is adjusted. Such a mechanism is sufficient in most cases.
  • UR-coded stereo sound signals are provided.
  • signal 100 to be adjusted is illustrated.
  • the right hand side of the drawing illustrates the other received signal, the stereo width of which remains unchanged.
  • the described mechanism however employs said signal as a reference signal 200 for adjusting the stereo width of signal 100.
  • the drawing of Fig. 2 shows the complete signal chain from two stereo inputs to a cross-faded output. It is assumed that signal level adaptation and delay compensation have been performed before.
  • the stereo adaptation mechanism of Fig. 2 starts with receiving a stereo sound signal 100 to be adjusted and another stereo sound signal 200 that is used as a reference signal for stereo width adjustment.
  • the received stereo signal 100 is re-encoded into M/S-coding by performing adding 102a and subtracting 102b operations of the left L and right R channels of the received signal 100.
  • the first operation step of the mechanism (102) can be left out.
  • Attenuation 104 is controlled by stereo width stepping logic 310, as will be detailed below. It has to be noted that attenuation by attenuator 104 can be bypassed at an initial stage of the mechanism, as the stereo width stepping logic 310 has not yet been provided with control information.
  • the signal is again transferred to UR-coding by adding 106a and subtracting 106b signals M and S.
  • This is followed by an optional step of a uniform attenuation of both re-established L and R signals by attenuators 108a and 108b, respectively.
  • the illustrated attenuation by 6dB corresponds to a compensation of the factor of two in the above indicated formulae (2a) and (2b) for back transformation from M/S to UR.
  • UR similarity of the processed signal is calculated by similarity calculator 110 (in the illustrated case: simply a per sample difference, which actually corresponds to a signal level of the side signal is calculated).
  • a respective UR similarity of the reference signal 200 is calculated by similarity calculator 210.
  • the adjusted signal and the reference signal are then compared in comparator 300. Comparator 300 calculates the difference of both UR similarity measures determined by calculators 110 and 210, respectively.
  • Stereo width stepping logic 310 averages the difference 315, in order to provide a stable control basis.
  • the employed similarity measure is however not limited to the simple case of a per sample difference (side signal strength) illustrated in Fig. 2 .
  • a L-R cross-correlation function can be employed which has to be calculated separately for both signals (by replacing subtractors 110 and 210 with correlators respectively).
  • similarity difference 315 would be represented by a correlation difference.
  • the UR correlation difference is generally a measure indicating a difference in stereo width between the signals.
  • similarity difference 315 indicates an amount by which side signal S has to be attenuated, in order to adapt the stereo width of signal 100 to that of reference signal 200.
  • the adaptation is preferably performed in a stepwise manner.
  • stereo width stepping logic 310 instructs attenuator 104 to attenuate side signal S by an adjustable coefficient, which is stepwisely increased as long as a similarity difference 315 is still detected.
  • the attenuation coefficient of attenuator 104 can be adjusted in steps of 1dB or 0.5dB, 2dB or any other amount within or even outside said range.
  • An attenuation by 1dB corresponds to a "negative amplification" by an amplification coefficient corresponding to -1dB.
  • An attenuation by 1dB means that the resulting signal strength is approximately 11% weaker than the signal strength before attenuation (or "amplified" by a factor of 0.89).
  • the similarity difference 315 of zero has been determined by comparator 300, the attenuation coefficient of attenuator 104 will be kept constant (as long as no similarity difference occurs once more, due to variations in received signal stereo widths).
  • the stereo width is adjusted, in principle, until the difference becomes zero.
  • the accuracy that can be achieved is given by the size of the steps in which the attenuation coefficients can be controlled.
  • the attenuation is increased until the similarity difference 315 reaches a minimum.
  • the difference in the applied similarity measure starts to increase after increasing the attenuation in a current step (i.e. the minimum in the difference 315 has been passed through)
  • the amount of attenuation has to be again decreased, thus leading to a smaller degree of attenuation. It is sufficient to achieve a difference in stereo widths that is lower than a predetermined upper boundary after the stereo adaptation has been performed, such that a cross-fading between the signals can be done without audible differences in the stereo width.
  • stepwise reduction of the signal strength can be achieved by controlling attenuation in such a way that a predetermined percentage such as 20% or 50% of the similarity difference 315 is reduced in one step.
  • a predetermined percentage such as 20% or 50% of the similarity difference 315 is reduced in one step.
  • the percentage values are however not limited to those indicated by way of example, but any percentage such as in a range between 10% and 50%, or even outside this range is possible.
  • Switchover is performed by cross-fading the signals in a conventional manner.
  • both received signals are overlaid by adders 330a (L channel) and 330b (R channel), respectively, with different weights determined by attenuators 112a, 112b, 212a and 212b.
  • the weights given to the signals are therefore varied during the cross-fading switchover procedure, under the control of cross-fading logic 320.
  • the cross-fading is preferably controlled so as to keep a constant output level.
  • the first of the signals (either processed signal 100 or reference signal 200) is output without further attenuation (weight 1), while the other one of the signals is attenuated to zero.
  • the present invention is not limited to the case described with reference to Fig. 2 , wherein only a single one of the received stereo sound signals is to be adjusted.
  • a stereo width adjustment of two signals towards each other may be achieved.
  • a similarity difference between two stereo signals can be minimized, by attenuating the side signal of one of the signals and at the same time increasing the side signal of the other one of the signals. Therefore, both received signals have to be intermediately encoded according to the M/S-coding scheme. Further alternatively, for instance also an adjustment by only increasing the side signal of one of the signals is possible.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 show a stereo signal of a piece of music over the time axis, in UR-coding.
  • the L-channel signal is shown in the upper portion of Figs. 3 and 4 .
  • the signal illustrated in the lower portion of Figs 3 and 4 is the signal of the R-channel.
  • Fig. 3 the difference between left and right is clearly visible.
  • Fig. 4 shows the reduced difference between left and right.
  • Fig. 5 is a block scheme of an exemplary stereo playback apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the playback apparatus comprises a first antenna 10, a second antenna 20, a first signal reception portion 12 and a second signal reception portion 22, a stereo width adaptation portion 14 for the signal received by the first signal reception portion 12, a stereo width adaptation portion 24 for the signal received by the second signal reception portion 22, a selection switch 30 a playback portion 40 and a control portion 50.
  • the playback apparatus may further include circuitry for delay compensation between signals received by the first and the second reception portions respectively, and for signal level adaptation. These components are however not essential for the present invention, and therefore have not been illustrated in Fig. 5 .
  • Control portion 50 controls the operation of switching portion 30 for selecting one of the signals received by the first and the second signal reception portions 12 and 22 respectively. Preferably, one and the same audio service is received via two different transmission paths (simulcast). As described in detail above, a selection of a signal for playback can thereby be achieved, which provides the best audio perception quality available at a particular instance of time. Control section 50 evaluates the received signals, and controls switching section 30 so as to always select and play back the signal enabling the best perception quality to a listener.
  • Switching section 30 can be realised by means of a cross-fader, enabling a smooth switchover between the two signals.
  • Control section 50 further controls stereo width adaptation portions 14 and 24 so as to minimize the perception of the switchover by the user, by adapting the respective stereo widths.
  • control portion 50 preferably includes a left/right similarity calculation portion such as a correlation calculation portion for both received signals, and a logic for calculating a difference thereof. Based thereon, it is decided whether there is a difference in stereo widths of the two received signals, and an adaptation of the stereo width of at least one of the signals is necessary. If control section 50 decides that no stereo width adaptation is necessary for a particular one of the received signals, a respective stereo width adaptation portion 14 or 24 can be controlled to be bypassed by the respective signal.
  • the present invention relates to a playback apparatus for playing back audio signals received by simulcast via different transmission paths.
  • the playback apparatus is particularly adapted to seamless switching between simulcast stereo sound signals being received with different stereo widths.
  • the invention adapts the stereo width of the signals to each other, before switchover.
  • the adaptation is performed by attenuating a side signal component of the stereo signal having the larger stereo width.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Stereo-Broadcasting Methods (AREA)
EP20100179424 2010-09-24 2010-09-24 Adaptation stéréo automatique Not-in-force EP2434783B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20100179424 EP2434783B1 (fr) 2010-09-24 2010-09-24 Adaptation stéréo automatique

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20100179424 EP2434783B1 (fr) 2010-09-24 2010-09-24 Adaptation stéréo automatique

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EP2434783A1 true EP2434783A1 (fr) 2012-03-28
EP2434783B1 EP2434783B1 (fr) 2014-06-11

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3094115A1 (fr) * 2013-11-19 2016-11-16 Nokia Technologies Oy Procede et appareil d'etalonnage d'un systeme de lecture audio
WO2018026667A1 (fr) * 2016-08-01 2018-02-08 Bose Corporation Traitement audio de divertissement

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030129941A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2003-07-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Digital broadcast receiver
US20080249644A1 (en) * 2007-04-06 2008-10-09 Tristan Jehan Method and apparatus for automatically segueing between audio tracks
WO2008135887A1 (fr) * 2007-05-03 2008-11-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Système de rendu sonore stéréo
WO2009068085A1 (fr) * 2007-11-27 2009-06-04 Nokia Corporation Codeur
EP2169667A1 (fr) * 2008-09-26 2010-03-31 Fujitsu Limited Procédé et appareil de décodage audio

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030129941A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2003-07-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Digital broadcast receiver
US20080249644A1 (en) * 2007-04-06 2008-10-09 Tristan Jehan Method and apparatus for automatically segueing between audio tracks
WO2008135887A1 (fr) * 2007-05-03 2008-11-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Système de rendu sonore stéréo
WO2009068085A1 (fr) * 2007-11-27 2009-06-04 Nokia Corporation Codeur
EP2169667A1 (fr) * 2008-09-26 2010-03-31 Fujitsu Limited Procédé et appareil de décodage audio

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3094115A1 (fr) * 2013-11-19 2016-11-16 Nokia Technologies Oy Procede et appareil d'etalonnage d'un systeme de lecture audio
US10805602B2 (en) 2013-11-19 2020-10-13 Nokia Technologies Oy Method and apparatus for calibrating an audio playback system
WO2018026667A1 (fr) * 2016-08-01 2018-02-08 Bose Corporation Traitement audio de divertissement
US10057681B2 (en) 2016-08-01 2018-08-21 Bose Corporation Entertainment audio processing
US10187722B2 (en) 2016-08-01 2019-01-22 Bose Corporation Entertainment audio processing
US10820101B2 (en) 2016-08-01 2020-10-27 Bose Corporation Entertainment audio processing

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