EP2432905A1 - Ferritic martensitic iron-based alloy, a component and a process - Google Patents

Ferritic martensitic iron-based alloy, a component and a process

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Publication number
EP2432905A1
EP2432905A1 EP09776639A EP09776639A EP2432905A1 EP 2432905 A1 EP2432905 A1 EP 2432905A1 EP 09776639 A EP09776639 A EP 09776639A EP 09776639 A EP09776639 A EP 09776639A EP 2432905 A1 EP2432905 A1 EP 2432905A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
alloy according
carbon
cobalt
nickel
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Granted
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EP09776639A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2432905B1 (en
Inventor
Torsten-Ulf Kern
Karsten Kolk
Thorsten Rudolph
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron

Definitions

  • Ferritic martensitic iron-based alloy a component and a method
  • the invention relates to a ferritic martensitic alloy, a component and a method.
  • the object is achieved by an alloy according to claim 1, by a component according to claim 32 and a method according to claim 33.
  • Figure 1, 2, 3 embodiments, Figure 4 shows a steam turbine.
  • the new ferritic martensitic alloy preferably dispenses with the addition of tungsten (W) except for the commercial impurities, which are significantly below 0, 1 wt%, in particular below 0.01 wt%.
  • the iron-based alloy has not been conclusive
  • the alloy consists of these elements.
  • the boron content gives a very good long-term stability at elevated temperatures.
  • the boron content with the required nitrogen content is optimized to prevent the formation of Boron nitrides to avoid. This results in a good balance of skill and tenacity.
  • the nickel content gives good forgeability.
  • the content of nickel is lowered because of the improvement of the creep strength by reducing the diffusion coefficients in the microstructure.
  • a compensation of the changed through temperability takes place by adding carbon (C) and cobalt (Co).
  • the content of carbon (C) is lowered because of balance with other elements to obtain a martensite structure with high toughness. Due to the lowered carbon content, a complete transformation of the austenite on cooling to room temperature (no retained austenite) can be achieved, resulting in a high microstructure homogeneity, good martensite lath structure, high toughness, fine carbide formation of M23C6 in order to achieve a good creep rupture strength. Carbon is required to form M23C6.
  • carbon contents> 0.13wt% are used.
  • nitrogen contents> 150 ppm are used.
  • the content of silicon is lowered because of the thereby improved long-term ability and reduction of nucleation for Laves phase precipitation (see under tungsten).
  • the content of manganese is lowered because of the positive influence on increasing the creep rupture strength by increasing the Acl temperature, which allows a higher use temperature without microstructure or structural transformation of ferrite / martensite austenite:
  • the levels of phosphorus, sulfur, copper are lowered to improve the initial toughness of the structure and ensure high long-term capability.
  • Titanium is preferably not used because otherwise nitrogen would be bound as TiN and thus would miss the MX particles of the form (V, Nb) N required for creep rupture.
  • the use temperature for components is increased by this alloy, with toughness / ductility remaining at lower temperatures.
  • the minimum contents in the claims are each preferably 0, lwt% for cobalt (Co), 0.01wt% for silicon (Si), 0.001wt% for phosphorus (P), 0.05wt% for manganese (Mn), 0.01wt % for copper (Cu); these are well above the detection limits for these elements and their degree of contamination.
  • the steam turbine has a high-pressure turbine section 300 and a medium-pressure turbine section 303, each having an inner housing 312 and an outer housing 315 enclosing this.
  • the high-pressure turbine part 300 is designed, for example, in Topfbauart.
  • the medium-pressure turbine part 303 is designed, for example, double-flow. It is also possible for the medium-pressure turbine section 303 to be single-flow.
  • the turbine shaft 309 is composed, for example, of two sub-turbine shafts 309a and 309b, which are firmly connected to one another in the region of the bearing 318.
  • Each turbine shaft 309a, 309b has a cooling line 372 formed as a central bore 372a along the axis of rotation 306.
  • the cooling line 372 is connected to the steam outlet region 351 via an inflow line 375 having a radial bore 375a.
  • the coolant line 372 is connected to a cavity not shown below the shaft shield.
  • the feed lines 375 are designed as a radial bore 375a, whereby "cold" steam can flow from the high-pressure turbine section 300 into the central bore 372a the medium-pressure turbine section 303 and there to the mantle surface 330 of the turbine shaft 309 in the Dampfeinström Suite 333.
  • the flowing through the cooling line steam has a much lower temperature than the in the Dampfeinström Scheme 333 incoming reheated steam, so that an effective cooling of the first rotor blade rows 342 of the medium-pressure turbine section 303 and of the jacket surface 330 in the region of these rotor blade rows 342 is ensured.

Abstract

A novel ferritic martensitic alloy enables the use temperature to be increased from 500°C to 550°C, where the strength is maintained or is even maximized and the toughness, especially for low temperatures, is maintained compared to the known iron-based alloys.

Description

Ferritisch martensitische Eisenbasislegierung, ein Bauteil und ein Verfahren Ferritic martensitic iron-based alloy, a component and a method
Die Erfindung betrifft eine ferritisch martensitische Legierung, ein Bauteil und ein Verfahren.The invention relates to a ferritic martensitic alloy, a component and a method.
Eisenbasislegierungen stellen kostengünstige Legierungen im Vergleich zu Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen dar, jedoch sind die Festigkeiten und Zähigkeiten im Vergleich zu den Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen geringer.Iron-base alloys are inexpensive alloys compared to nickel-base superalloys, but the strengths and tougures are lower compared to the nickel-base superalloys.
Ebenso ist die EP 1 466 993 Bl bekannt, bei der Wolfram verwendet wird.Likewise EP 1 466 993 B1 is known in which tungsten is used.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung eine Legierung vorzuschlagen, durch die die Einsatztemperatur erhöht werden kann, gleichzeitig die Festigkeit maximiert wird und die Zähigkeit speziell für niedrigere Temperaturen erhalten bleibt.It is therefore an object of the invention to propose an alloy by which the service temperature can be increased, while the strength is maximized and the toughness is maintained especially for lower temperatures.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Legierung gemäß Anspruch 1, durch ein Bauteil gemäß Anspruch 32 und ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 33.The object is achieved by an alloy according to claim 1, by a component according to claim 32 and a method according to claim 33.
In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahmen aufgelistet, die beliebig miteinander kombiniert werden können, um weitere Vorteile zu erzielen.In the dependent claims further advantageous measures are listed, which can be combined with each other in order to achieve further advantages.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Figur 1, 2, 3 Ausführungsbeispiele, Figur 4 eine Dampfturbine.Figure 1, 2, 3 embodiments, Figure 4 shows a steam turbine.
Die Figuren und die Beschreibung stellen nur Ausführungsbei- spiele der Erfindung dar. Stand der Technik sind Eisenbasislegierungen, bekannt aus der EP 0 867 523, bei der Wolfram verwendet wird.The figures and the description represent only exemplary embodiments of the invention. The prior art is iron-based alloys, known from EP 0 867 523, in which tungsten is used.
Die neue ferritisch martensitische Legierung verzichtet vorzugsweise auf die Zugabe von Wolfram (W) bis auf die handelsüblichen Verunreinigungen, die deutlich unterhalb 0,lwt%, insbesondere unter 0,01wt% liegen.The new ferritic martensitic alloy preferably dispenses with the addition of tungsten (W) except for the commercial impurities, which are significantly below 0, 1 wt%, in particular below 0.01 wt%.
Die Tabellen in den Figuren 1 bis 3 zeigen einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung.The tables in Figures 1 to 3 show some embodiments of the invention.
Die Legierung auf Eisenbasis weist in nicht abschließenderThe iron-based alloy has not been conclusive
Auflistung auf (in wt%):Listed on (in wt%):
Kohlenstoff (C): 0,13 - 0,22, Chrom (Cr) : 9, 0 - 9, 8,Carbon (C): 0.13 - 0.22, Cr (Cr): 9, 0 - 9, 8,
Molybdän (Mo): 1,0 - 2,0, insbesondere 1,4 - 1,6,Molybdenum (Mo): 1.0-2.0, especially 1.4-1.6,
Nickel (Ni): 0,3 - 0,8, insbesondere 0,3 - 0,7,Nickel (Ni): 0.3-0.8, in particular 0.3-0.7,
Vanadium (V): 0,25 - 0,35, insbesondere 0,25 - 0,3,Vanadium (V): 0.25-0.35, especially 0.25-0.3,
Aluminium (Al): 0,005 - 0,01, Niob (Nb): 0,04 - 0,06,Aluminum (Al): 0.005-0.01, niobium (Nb) 0.04-0.06,
Bor (B) : 20ppm - 70ppm, insbesondere 35ppm - 55ppm,Boron (B): 20ppm - 70ppm, especially 35ppm - 55ppm,
Stickstoff (N) : 150ppm - 500ppm,Nitrogen (N): 150ppm - 500ppm,
Kobalt (Co): 0 - 1,5, insbesondere bis 1,3Cobalt (Co): 0-1.5, in particular up to 1.3
Mangan (Mn) : 0 - 0, 15, Silizium (Si) : 0 - 0,1,Manganese (Mn): 0 - 0, 15, silicon (Si): 0 - 0.1,
Phosphor (P): 0 - 0,005,Phosphorus (P): 0 - 0.005,
Schwefel (S) : 0 - 0,003,Sulfur (S): 0 - 0.003,
Arsen (As): max. 0,015,Arsenic (As): max. 0,015,
Zinn (Sn) : max. 0, 015, Antimon (Sb): max. 0,015,Tin (Sn): max. 0, 015, antimony (Sb): max. 0,015,
Kupfer (Cu): max. 0,1,Copper (Cu): max. 0.1
Eisen (Fe) .Iron (Fe).
Vorzugsweise besteht die Legierung aus diesen Elementen.Preferably, the alloy consists of these elements.
Der Borgehalt ergibt eine sehr gute Langzeitstabilität bei erhöhten Temperaturen. Dabei wird der Borgehalt mit dem erforderlichen Stickstoffgehalt optimiert, um die Bildung von Bor-Nitriden zu vermeiden. Damit ergibt sich eine gute Balance von Fertigkeit und Zähigkeit.The boron content gives a very good long-term stability at elevated temperatures. The boron content with the required nitrogen content is optimized to prevent the formation of Boron nitrides to avoid. This results in a good balance of skill and tenacity.
Bor stabilisiert die Mikrostruktur durch die Einlagerung in M23C6-Karbide auf Chrombasis und verringert das Wachstum der M23C6-Karbide, wodurch eine hohe Gefügestabilisierung und folglich Zeitstandfestigkeit erreicht wird.Boron stabilizes the microstructure by incorporation into chromium-based M23C6 carbides and reduces the growth of the M23C6 carbides, thereby achieving high microstructure stabilization and, thus, creep rupture strength.
Es wurde festgestellt, dass zur Erreichung einer hohen Langzeitfertigkeit mit guter Langezeitzähigkeit kein Wolfram ver- wendet werden muss. Die Zähigkeiten verändern sich dadurch nicht in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und Zeit.It was found that no tungsten had to be used to achieve high long-term crafting with good long-term poten- tial. The tenacities do not change as a function of temperature and time.
Wolfram wird vorzugsweise nicht hinzugegeben, da Wolfram zwar als Mischkristallhärter wirkt, aber Wolfram langzeitig als Laves-Phase ausgeschieden wird und dann auch schneller als andere Teilchen vergröbert und damit nicht mehr an der Teilchenstabilisierung des Gefüges teilnimmt. Zusätzlich kann bei Temperaturen < 5500C die Langzeitzähigkeit durch Wolfram verschlechtert werden.Tungsten is preferably not added, since tungsten acts as a solid-solution hardener, but tungsten is long-term precipitated as Laves phase and then coarsened faster than other particles and thus no longer participates in the particle stabilization of the structure. In addition, at temperatures <550 ° C., the long-term ability of tungsten can be impaired.
Der Nickelgehalt ergibt eine gute Schmiedbarkeit.The nickel content gives good forgeability.
Der Gehalt an Nickel ist abgesenkt wegen der Verbesserung der Zeitstandfestigkeit durch Verringerung der Diffusionskoeffizienten im Gefüge. Ein Ausgleich der veränderten Durchvergütbarkeit erfolgt durch Zugabe von Kohlenstoff (C) und Kobalt (Co) .The content of nickel is lowered because of the improvement of the creep strength by reducing the diffusion coefficients in the microstructure. A compensation of the changed through temperability takes place by adding carbon (C) and cobalt (Co).
Der Gehalt von Kohlenstoff (C) ist abgesenkt wegen der Balance zu anderen Elementen zur Erzielung eines Martensit- gefüges mit hoher Zähigkeit. Durch den abgesenkten Kohlen- stoffgehalt kann eine vollständige Umwandlung des Austenits bei Abkühlung auf Raumtemperatur erfolgen (kein Restaustenit ) wodurch eine hohe Gefügehomogenität, gute Martensitlatten- struktur, hohe Zähigkeit, feine Karbidausbildung von M23C6 erzielt wird, damit eine gute Zeitstandfestigkeit erreicht wird. Kohlenstoff ist erforderlich, um M23C6 zu bilden.The content of carbon (C) is lowered because of balance with other elements to obtain a martensite structure with high toughness. Due to the lowered carbon content, a complete transformation of the austenite on cooling to room temperature (no retained austenite) can be achieved, resulting in a high microstructure homogeneity, good martensite lath structure, high toughness, fine carbide formation of M23C6 in order to achieve a good creep rupture strength. Carbon is required to form M23C6.
Vorteilhafterweise werden Kohlenstoffgehalte > 0,13wt% verwendet. Stickstoff bildet MX-Teilchen (VN, VCC, N) Nb(C, N) zur Teilchenhärtung des Martensitgefüges auf Basis (V, Nb)N, wodurch die Zeitstandfestigkeit angehoben wird (MX steht für Ausscheidungen der Form VN, V(C, N) Nb(C, N). Vorteilhafterweise werden Stickstoffgehalte > 150ppm verwendet.Advantageously, carbon contents> 0.13wt% are used. Nitrogen forms MX particles (VN, VCC, N) Nb (C, N) for particle hardening of the martensite microstructure based on (V, Nb) N, thereby increasing the creep rupture strength (MX stands for precipitates of the form VN, V (C, N ) Nb (C, N) Advantageously, nitrogen contents> 150 ppm are used.
Der Gehalt an Silizium ist abgesenkt wegen der dadurch verbesserten Langzeitzähigkeit und Verringerung der Keimbildung für Laves-Phasen-Ausscheidung (siehe unter Wolfram).The content of silicon is lowered because of the thereby improved long-term ability and reduction of nucleation for Laves phase precipitation (see under tungsten).
Der Gehalt an Mangan ist abgesenkt wegen des positiven Einflusses auf die Erhöhung der Zeitstandfestigkeit durch Anhebung der Acl-Temperatur, wodurch eine höhere Einsatztempera- tur ohne Gefügebeeinflussung oder Gefügeumwandlung Ferrit/- Martensit - Austenit ermöglicht wird:The content of manganese is lowered because of the positive influence on increasing the creep rupture strength by increasing the Acl temperature, which allows a higher use temperature without microstructure or structural transformation of ferrite / martensite austenite:
- AcI ist die Umwandlungstemperatur von Ferrit nachAcI is the transformation temperature of ferrite after
Austenit : - Im Zeit-Temperatur-Umwandlungs-Schaubild ist "AcI" der erste Umwandlungspunkt beim Aufheizen des Materials. Er kennzeichnet den Beginn der alpha-gamma-Umwandlung (Beginn der Austenitbildung) .Austenite: In the time-temperature conversion graph, "AcI" is the first transformation point in heating the material. It marks the beginning of alpha-gamma conversion (beginning of austenite formation).
Die Anteile von Phosphor, Schwefel, Kupfer sind abgesenkt, um die Ausgangszähigkeit des Gefüges und Gewährleistung einer hohen Langzeitzähigkeit zu verbessern.The levels of phosphorus, sulfur, copper are lowered to improve the initial toughness of the structure and ensure high long-term capability.
Titan wird vorzugsweise nicht verwendet, da ansonsten Stickstoff als TiN gebunden werden würde und damit die für die Zeitstandfestigkeit erforderlichen MX-Teilchen der Form (V, Nb) N fehlen würden.Titanium is preferably not used because otherwise nitrogen would be bound as TiN and thus would miss the MX particles of the form (V, Nb) N required for creep rupture.
Die Einsatztemperatur für Bauteile wird durch diese Legierung erhöht, wobei die Zähigkeit/Duktilität bei niedrigeren Temperaturen bestehen bleibt. Die Mindestgehalte in den Ansprüchen sind jeweils vorzugsweise 0,lwt% für Kobalt (Co), 0,01wt% für Silizium (Si), 0,001wt% für Phosphor (P), 0,05wt% für Mangan (Mn), 0,01wt% für Kupfer (Cu); diese liegen deutlich über den Nachweisgrenzen für diese Elemente und deren Verunreinigungsgrad.The use temperature for components is increased by this alloy, with toughness / ductility remaining at lower temperatures. The minimum contents in the claims are each preferably 0, lwt% for cobalt (Co), 0.01wt% for silicon (Si), 0.001wt% for phosphorus (P), 0.05wt% for manganese (Mn), 0.01wt % for copper (Cu); these are well above the detection limits for these elements and their degree of contamination.
In Figur 2 ist eine Dampfturbine 300, 303 mit einer sich entlang einer Rotationsachse 306 erstreckenden Turbinenwelle 309 dargestellt .FIG. 2 shows a steam turbine 300, 303 with a turbine shaft 309 extending along a rotation axis 306.
Die Dampfturbine weist eine Hochdruck-Teilturbine 300 und eine Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 303 mit jeweils einem Innengehäuse 312 und einem dieses umschließendes Außengehäuse 315 auf. Die Hochdruck-Teilturbine 300 ist beispielsweise in Topfbauart ausgeführt. Die Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 303 ist beispielsweise zweiflutig ausgeführt. Es ist ebenfalls möglich, dass die Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 303 einflutig ausgeführt ist.The steam turbine has a high-pressure turbine section 300 and a medium-pressure turbine section 303, each having an inner housing 312 and an outer housing 315 enclosing this. The high-pressure turbine part 300 is designed, for example, in Topfbauart. The medium-pressure turbine part 303 is designed, for example, double-flow. It is also possible for the medium-pressure turbine section 303 to be single-flow.
Entlang der Rotationsachse 306 ist zwischen der Hochdruck- Teilturbine 300 und der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 303 ein Lager 318 angeordnet, wobei die Turbinenwelle 309 in dem Lager 318 einen Lagerbereich 321 aufweist. Die Turbinenwelle 309 ist auf einem weiteren Lager 324 neben der Hochdruck-Teilturbine 300 aufgelagert. Im Bereich dieses Lagers 324 weist die Hochdruck-Teilturbine 300 eine Wellendichtung 345 auf. Die Turbinenwelle 309 ist gegenüber dem Außengehäuse 315 der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 303 durch zwei weitere Wellendichtungen 345 abgedichtet. Zwischen einem Hochdruck-Dampfeinströmbereich 348 und einem Dampfaustrittsbereich 351 weist die Turbinenwelle 309 in der Hochdruck-Teilturbine 300 die Hochdruck- Laufbeschaufelung 357 auf. Diese Hochdruck-Laufbeschaufelung 357 stellt mit den zugehörigen, nicht näher dargestellten Laufschaufeln einen ersten Beschaufelungsbereich 360 dar.Along the axis of rotation 306, a bearing 318 is arranged between the high-pressure turbine section 300 and the medium-pressure turbine section 303, the turbine shaft 309 having a bearing region 321 in the bearing 318. The turbine shaft 309 is supported on another bearing 324 adjacent to the high pressure turbine sub 300. In the area of this bearing 324, the high-pressure turbine section 300 has a shaft seal 345. The turbine shaft 309 is sealed from the outer housing 315 of the medium-pressure turbine section 303 by two further shaft seals 345. Between a high-pressure steam inflow region 348 and a steam outlet region 351, the turbine shaft 309 in the high-pressure turbine section 300 has the high-pressure impeller blading 357. This high pressure blading 357 represents with the associated, not shown blades a first blading area 360.
Die Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 303 weist einen zentralen Dampf- einströmbereich 333 auf. Dem Dampfeinströmbereich 333 zugeordnet weist die Turbinenwelle 309 eine radialsymmetrische Wellenabschirmung 363, eine Abdeckplatte, einerseits zur Teilung des Dampfstromes in die beiden Fluten der Mitteldruck- Teilturbine 303 sowie zur Verhinderung eines direkten Kontak- tes des heißen Dampfes mit der Turbinenwelle 309 auf. Die Turbinenwelle 309 weist in der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 303 einen zweiten Beschaufelungsbereich 366 mit den Mitteldruck- Laufschaufeln 354 auf. Der durch den zweiten Beschaufelungsbereich 366 strömende heiße Dampf strömt aus der Mitteldruck- Teilturbine 303 aus einem Abströmstutzen 369 zu einer strömungstechnisch nachgeschalteten, nicht dargestellten Niederdruck-Teilturbine .The medium-pressure turbine part 303 has a central steam inflow region 333. Associated with the steam inflow region 333, the turbine shaft 309 has a radially symmetrical shaft shield 363, a cover plate, on the one hand for dividing the steam flow into the two flows of the medium-pressure turbine section 303 and for preventing direct contact of the hot steam with the turbine shaft 309. The turbine shaft 309 has a second blading area 366 with the medium-pressure rotor blades 354 in the medium-pressure turbine section 303. The hot steam flowing through the second blading area 366 flows out of the medium-pressure turbine section 303 from a discharge connection 369 to a downstream low-pressure turbine, not shown.
Die Turbinenwelle 309 ist beispielsweise aus zwei Teilturbi- nenwellen 309a und 309b zusammengesetzt, die im Bereich des Lagers 318 fest miteinander verbunden sind. Jede Teilturbinenwelle 309a, 309b weist eine als zentrale Bohrung 372a entlang der Rotationsachse 306 ausgebildete Kühlleitung 372 auf. Die Kühlleitung 372 ist mit dem Dampfaustrittsbereich 351 über eine radiale Bohrung 375a aufweisende Zuströmleitung 375 verbunden. In der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 303 ist die Kühlmittelleitung 372 mit einem nicht näher dargestellten Hohlraum unterhalb der Wellenabschirmung verbunden. Die Zustromleitungen 375 sind als radiale Bohrung 375a ausgeführt, wodurch „kalter" Dampf aus der Hochdruck-Teilturbine 300 in die zentrale Bohrung 372a einströmen kann. Über die insbesondere auch als radial gerichtete Bohrung 375a ausgebildete Abströmleitung 372 gelangt der Dampf durch den Lagerbereich 321 hindurch in die Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 303 und dort an die Manteloberfläche 330 der Turbinenwelle 309 im Dampfeinströmbereich 333. Der durch die Kühlleitung strömende Dampf hat eine deutlich niedrigere Temperatur als der in den Dampfeinströmbereich 333 einströmende zwischenüberhitzte Dampf, so dass eine wirksame Kühlung der ersten Laufschaufelreihen 342 der Mitteldruck-Teilturbine 303 sowie der Manteloberfläche 330 im Bereich dieser Laufschaufelreihen 342 gewährleistet ist. The turbine shaft 309 is composed, for example, of two sub-turbine shafts 309a and 309b, which are firmly connected to one another in the region of the bearing 318. Each turbine shaft 309a, 309b has a cooling line 372 formed as a central bore 372a along the axis of rotation 306. The cooling line 372 is connected to the steam outlet region 351 via an inflow line 375 having a radial bore 375a. In the medium-pressure turbine part 303, the coolant line 372 is connected to a cavity not shown below the shaft shield. The feed lines 375 are designed as a radial bore 375a, whereby "cold" steam can flow from the high-pressure turbine section 300 into the central bore 372a the medium-pressure turbine section 303 and there to the mantle surface 330 of the turbine shaft 309 in the Dampfeinströmbereich 333. The flowing through the cooling line steam has a much lower temperature than the in the Dampfeinströmbereich 333 incoming reheated steam, so that an effective cooling of the first rotor blade rows 342 of the medium-pressure turbine section 303 and of the jacket surface 330 in the region of these rotor blade rows 342 is ensured.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Eisenbasislegierung, die aufweist (in wt%)1. iron-based alloy comprising (in wt%)
Kohlenstoff (C): 0,13 - 0,22,Carbon (C): 0.13-0.22,
Chrom (Cr) : 9, 0 - 9,8,Chromium (Cr): 9, 0 - 9.8,
Molybdän (Mo): 1,0 - 2,0, insbesondere 1,4 - 1,6,Molybdenum (Mo): 1.0-2.0, especially 1.4-1.6,
Nickel (Ni): 0,3 - 0,8, insbesondere 0,3 - 0,7, Vanadium (V): 0,25 - 0,35, insbesondere 0,25 - 0,3,Nickel (Ni): 0.3-0.8, in particular 0.3-0.7, vanadium (V): 0.25-0.35, in particular 0.25-0.3,
Aluminium (Al): 0,005 - 0,01,Aluminum (Al): 0.005 - 0.01,
Niob (Nb) : 0,04 - 0,06,Niobium (Nb): 0.04-0.06,
Bor (B) : 20ppm - 70ppm, insbesondere 35ppm - 55ppm,Boron (B): 20ppm - 70ppm, especially 35ppm - 55ppm,
Stickstoff (N) : 150ppm - 500ppm, Kobalt (Co): 0 - 1,5, insbesondere bis 1,3Nitrogen (N): 150ppm - 500ppm, cobalt (Co): 0-1.5, especially up to 1.3
Mangan (Mn) : 0 - 0, 15,Manganese (Mn): 0 - 0, 15,
Silizium (Si): 0 - 0,1,Silicon (Si): 0 - 0.1,
Phosphor (P) : 0 - 0,005,Phosphorus (P): 0 - 0.005,
Schwefel (S) : 0 - 0,003, Arsen (As): max. 0,015,Sulfur (S): 0 - 0.003, arsenic (As): max. 0,015,
Zinn (Sn): max. 0,015,Tin (Sn): max. 0,015,
Antimon (Sb): max. 0,015,Antimony (Sb): max. 0,015,
Kupfer (Cu): max. 0,1,Copper (Cu): max. 0.1
Eisen (Fe) .Iron (Fe).
2. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, die maximal 0,18wt% Kohlenstoff (C) enthält.2. The alloy of claim 1, which contains a maximum of 0.18wt% carbon (C).
3. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, die maximal 0,15wt% Kohlenstoff (C) enthält.3. The alloy of claim 1, which contains a maximum of 0.15wt% carbon (C).
4. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, die mindestens 0,18wt% Kohlenstoff (C) enthält. 4. The alloy of claim 1 containing at least 0.18wt% of carbon (C).
5. Legierung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, die mindestens 0,15wt% Kohlenstoff enthält.5. The alloy of claim 1 or 2, which contains at least 0.15wt% of carbon.
6. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4 oder 5, die mindestens 9,3wt% Chrom (Cr) aufweist.6. The alloy of claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, which has at least 9.3wt% chromium (Cr).
7. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 oder 6, die maximal 9,4wt% Chrom (Cr) aufweist.7. The alloy of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, having a maximum of 9.4wt% chromium (Cr).
8. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 oder 7, die mindestens 0,5wt% Nickel (Ni) aufweist.8. The alloy of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, which comprises at least 0.5wt% nickel (Ni).
9. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 oder 7, die maximal 0,4wt% Nickel (Ni) aufweist.9. The alloy of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, which has a maximum of 0.4wt% nickel (Ni).
10. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 oder 9, die mindestens 350ppm Stickstoff (N) enthält.The alloy of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, which contains at least 350 ppm nitrogen (N).
11. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 oder 9, die maximal 300ppm Stickstoff (N) enthält.11. The alloy of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, which contains a maximum of 300ppm nitrogen (N).
12. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 oder 11, die Kobalt (Co) enthält, insbesondere mindestens 0,lwt%, ganz insbesondere mindestens 0,8wt%. 12. The alloy of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 containing cobalt (Co), in particular at least 0, lwt%, more preferably at least 0.8wt%.
13. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 oder 11, die mindestens 0,9wt% Kobalt (Co) aufweist.An alloy according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 which has at least 0.9 wt% cobalt (Co).
14. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 oder 13, die maximal l,3wt% Kobalt (Co) aufweist.14. The alloy of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, which has at most 1, 3wt% cobalt (Co).
15. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 oder 11, die kein Kobalt (Co) aufweist.An alloy according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 which has no cobalt (Co).
16. Legierung nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 oder 15, die Mangan (Mn) enthält, insbesondere mindestens 0,05wt%.16. An alloy according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15, which contains manganese (Mn), in particular at least 0.05wt%.
17. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche 1 bis 15, die kein Mangan enthält.17. Alloy according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 15, which does not contain manganese.
18. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche 1 bis 17, die Silizium (Si) enthält, insbesondere mindestens 0,01wt%.18. Alloy according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 17, the silicon (Si) contains, in particular at least 0.01wt%.
19. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen19. Alloy according to one or more of the previous ones
Ansprüche 1 bis 17, die kein Silizium enthält. Claims 1 to 17, which does not contain silicon.
20. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche 1 bis 19, die Phosphor (P) enthält, insbesondere mindestens 0,001wt%.20. Alloy according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 19, which contains phosphorus (P), in particular at least 0,001wt%.
21. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche 1 bis 19, die kein Phosphor (P) enthält.21. Alloy according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 19, which contains no phosphorus (P).
22. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche, die Schwefel (S) enthält, insbesondere mindestens 0.001wt%.22. Alloy according to one or more of the preceding claims, containing sulfur (S), in particular at least 0.001wt%.
23. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen23. Alloy according to one or more of the previous
Ansprüche 1 bis 21, die kein Schwefel enthält.Claims 1 to 21, which contains no sulfur.
24. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen24. Alloy according to one or more of the previous ones
Ansprüche, die kein Wolfram (W) enthält, insbesondere kleiner 0,lwt%, ganz insbesondere 0,01wt%.Claims containing no tungsten (W), in particular less than 0, 1% by weight, very particularly 0.01% by weight.
25. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche, die kein Titan (Ti) enthält. 25. An alloy according to one or more of the preceding claims, which contains no titanium (Ti).
26. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche, die Kupfer (Cu) enthält, insbesondere mindestens 0,01wt%, ganz insbesondere mindestens 0,05wt%.26. Alloy according to one or more of the preceding claims, the copper (Cu) contains, in particular at least 0.01wt%, most preferably at least 0.05wt%.
27. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen27. Alloy according to one or more of the previous ones
Ansprüche 1 bis 25, die kein Kupfer enthält.Claims 1 to 25, which contains no copper.
28. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen28. Alloy according to one or more of the previous ones
Ansprüche, die kein Zirkon (Zr) enthält.Claims that do not contain zirconium (Zr).
29. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen29. Alloy according to one or more of the previous ones
Ansprüche, die kein Hafnium (Hf) enthält.Claims that do not contain hafnium (Hf).
30. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen30. Alloy according to one or more of the previous ones
Ansprüche, bestehend aus Eisen (Fe), Kohlenstoff (C), Chrom (Cr),Claims consisting of iron (Fe), carbon (C), chromium (Cr),
Molybdän (Mo) , Nickel (Ni) , Vanadium (V) , Aluminium (Al) , Niob (Nb), Bor (B), Stickstoff (N) und optional Kobalt (Co), Silizium (Si), Mangan (Mn), Phosphor (P) , Schwefel (S) , Arsen (As) , Zinn (Sn) , Antimon (Sb) und/oder Kupfer (Cu) . Molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), aluminum (Al), niobium (Nb), boron (B), nitrogen (N) and optionally cobalt (Co), silicon (Si), manganese (Mn) , Phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), arsenic (As), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb) and / or copper (Cu).
31. Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche, bestehend aus Eisen (Fe), Kohlenstoff (C), Chrom (Cr), Molybdän (Mo), Nickel (Ni), Vanadium (V), Aluminium (Al), Niob (Nb) , Bor (B) , Stickstoff (N) , Kobalt (Co) optional und31. Alloy according to one or more of the preceding claims, consisting of iron (Fe), carbon (C), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), aluminum (Al), niobium ( Nb), boron (B), nitrogen (N), cobalt (Co) optional and
Silizium (Si), Mangan (Mn), Phosphor (P), Schwefel (S), Arsen (As) , Zinn (Sn) , Antimon (Sb) und/oder Kupfer (Cu) .Silicon (Si), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), arsenic (As), tin (Sn), antimony (Sb) and / or copper (Cu).
32. Bauteil aus einer Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 31.32. A component made of an alloy according to one or more of claims 1 to 31.
33. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils durch Gießen, bei dem eine Legierung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 31 abgegossen wird. 33. A method of manufacturing a component by casting, wherein an alloy according to one or more of claims 1 to 31 is poured off.
EP09776639.8A 2009-05-22 2009-05-22 Ferritic martensitic iron-based alloy, a component and a process Active EP2432905B1 (en)

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