EP2431292A1 - Bag - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP2431292A1
EP2431292A1 EP11007614A EP11007614A EP2431292A1 EP 2431292 A1 EP2431292 A1 EP 2431292A1 EP 11007614 A EP11007614 A EP 11007614A EP 11007614 A EP11007614 A EP 11007614A EP 2431292 A1 EP2431292 A1 EP 2431292A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
material web
bag
fold
strips
web
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11007614A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2431292B1 (en
Inventor
Karl Kimmlinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2431292A1 publication Critical patent/EP2431292A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2431292B1 publication Critical patent/EP2431292B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
    • B65D31/10—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents with gusseted sides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
    • B65D33/01—Ventilation or drainage of bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
    • B65D33/04—Windows or other apertures, e.g. for viewing contents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2155/00—Flexible containers made from webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2155/00—Flexible containers made from webs
    • B31B2155/002—Flexible containers made from webs by joining superimposed webs, e.g. with separate bottom webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2160/00—Shape of flexible containers
    • B31B2160/20—Shape of flexible containers with structural provision for thickness of contents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2170/00—Construction of flexible containers
    • B31B2170/30—Construction of flexible containers having corrugated or pleated walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/14—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming
    • B31B50/16—Cutting webs
    • B31B50/18—Cutting webs longitudinally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B70/00—Making flexible containers, e.g. envelopes or bags
    • B31B70/14—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming
    • B31B70/16—Cutting webs
    • B31B70/18—Cutting webs longitudinally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B70/00—Making flexible containers, e.g. envelopes or bags
    • B31B70/60—Uniting opposed surfaces or edges; Taping
    • B31B70/64—Uniting opposed surfaces or edges; Taping by applying heat or pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bag, in particular for the storage of food.
  • Such bags are usually made of paper, with bags made of paper with a viewing window made of plastic are known.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a bag according to the preamble, which makes it possible to dissipate moisture from the inside of the bag, the bag should still safely protect the contents of germs from the outside.
  • the bag consists of a first material web having a first fold on one side and ends above the first fold, that at the first fold opposite side of the first web, a second fold by two superimposed, interconnected strips of material is formed and that with the upper of the two strips of material, a second material web is connected, which is connected to the end of the first material web above the first fold and wherein the compounds are at least partially permeable to air.
  • the strips of material and the second material web are made of plastic.
  • the plastic is transparent.
  • the air-permeable compounds are formed by intermittent bonds.
  • a development of the invention is that the first material web consists of plastic.
  • a further development of the invention consists in that the air-permeable connection are formed by intermittent welds in existing plastic material strips and a plastic second material web.
  • the first material web consists of paper or cardboard.
  • the bag is almost opaque on at least one side due to the paper or paperboard material web.
  • a possible paperboard material web also makes it possible to stabilize the goods. If, for example, baked goods or confectionery products are stored in the bag with paper or paperboard material web as the first material web, this can be advantageous. Often, the bottom of such pastry or confectionery is not decorated, not very handsome or sometimes moist or greasy. It is understandable that the appearance of such goods has a negative effect on sales or sales figures. However, the mostly lavishly decorated and / or non-greasy tops of the bakery or confectionery products may still be inspected by the second web of material, which may be made of transparent plastic material strip.
  • the paper or the paperboard has a coating, in particular a fat-repellent coating.
  • the fat-repellent coating is advantageous if the baked or confectionery products, after production still residual moisture, oil or fat. These can collect on the ground and soak the paper or cardboard. It goes without saying that a buyer does not want to carry such a bag because the bag may contaminate other items or even the person who bought the baked or confectionery.
  • the coating allows a clean transport and avoids contact with fatty foods during consumption.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the bag consists of a first material web, wherein the material web consists of at least two strips of material having on each of its sides a fold which is formed by two superimposed, interconnected strips of material. It is also envisaged that with the upper of the two Material strip is connected to a second Materialbah, wherein the second material web consists of at least two strips of material and wherein the compounds are at least partially permeable to air.
  • a portion of the material web is folded such that the portion is connectable to the second material web, wherein the compound is at least partially permeable to air.
  • the bag By folding the section, the bag can be closed on, for example, the underside. At the same time it is provided that the compounds are at least partially permeable to air and the section covers a second portion of the second material web. This cover makes it possible that when the goods that are in the bag, reviewed and the bag is unfortunately often touched, no contact between goods and the hands of the assessor arises. Contamination of the goods can be avoided. At the same time, however, the smell of the product can be perceived from the bag, which in turn can have a positive effect on the sale.
  • the bag consists of a first web of material and a second web of material having folds interposed therebetween and a portion of the web of material, the portion being secured to the second web of material such that the pouch is closed at one end is and at the other end has an opening for filling with goods, and the first material web has a flat information carrier, which is designed as a paper plate and which is connected without tearing the bag at the junction releasably connected to the fold bag with a Fugitivleim.
  • the flat information carrier is connected to the fold bag by stapling.
  • the bag according to the invention is preferably produced in pairs, as in the case of EP 1 837 285 A1 already the case.
  • a first material web 1 is provided on both sides with a first fold 2 so that it ends above the first fold 2, wherein the free ends of the first material web 1 are still a few millimeters to a few centimeters long and aligned with each other.
  • the first material web 1 is preferably made of paper and may already be printed.
  • a first material strip 3a is joined to the first material web 1 by a double intermittent connection 4a.
  • a second material strip 3b of essentially the same size is intermittently connected to this first material strip 3a, the intermittent connections 4b being arranged at the free ends of the material strips 3a, 3b.
  • a second material web 5 arranged above it is connected centrally by a double intermittent connection 4c.
  • This second material web 5 is in turn connected to the end of the first Material web 1 above the first fold 2 connected by an intermittent connection 4d.
  • the first fold of the bag is thus formed by the fold 2 of the first material web 1 and the second fold by the material strips 3a, 3b and the second material web 5.
  • the two material strips 3a, 3b and the second material web 5 are preferably made of plastic, more preferably made of transparent plastic, for example polypropylene.
  • the intermittent connections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d may be interrupted adhesive bonds or, as far as two plastics are joined together, also an interrupted weld.
  • a first material web 21 is produced from at least two material strips 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d, these having on each of its sides a fold which is formed by two superimposed, interconnected material strips 23a, 23b.
  • a second material web 25 is connected, wherein the second material web 25 of at least two strips of material 25a, 25, b, 25c, 25d and wherein the compounds 24a, 24b, 24c are at least partially permeable to air ,
  • a first material strip 23a is connected to the first material web 21 on the first material web 21 by a double intermittent connection 24a.
  • a second material strip 23b of substantially the same size is intermittently connected, wherein the intermittent connections 24b at the free ends of the strips of material 23a, 23b are arranged.
  • a second material web 25 arranged above is connected centrally by a double intermittent connection 24c.
  • first folds 2 are formed as they are for FIG. 1 have been described.
  • the bags are separated by a cut in the direction of the arrow and before or after this step, the bottom of the bag in the usual manner.
  • FIG. 3 a bag is shown in which a portion A of the material web 31 is folded such that the portion A with the second material web 35 is connectable. It is also provided that the connection 34f is at least partially permeable to air
  • the bag consists of a first material web 31 and a second material web 35 with folds arranged on both sides and a section A of the material web 31, the portion A being fastened to the second material web 35 such that the pouch is closed at one end and at the other end has an opening for filling with goods.
  • This second material web 35 is, as in FIG. 3 shown connected to the end of the first material web 31 above the outer folds by an intermittent connection 34d. Subsequently, the two bags are separated from each other by a cut in the arrow direction and formed before or after this step, the bottom of the bag in a conventional manner.
  • the first material web 31 can have a flat information carrier, which is designed as a paper plate which is detachably connected to the fold bag with a fugitive glue without tearing the bag at the connection point.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bag Frames (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Abstract

The bag has two material strips (3a, 3b) connected with each other and arranged above each other. Two folds (2) are formed at sides of a material web (1), where the sides are opposite to each other. Another material web (5) is connected with the two material strips and an end of the former material web, and air-permeable connections (4a-4d) are formed by intermittent welding seams in the latter material web. The material strips and the latter material web are made of transparent plastic.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Beutel, insbesondere zur Aufbewahrung von Lebensmitteln.The invention relates to a bag, in particular for the storage of food.

Derartige Beutel bestehen in der Regel aus Papier, wobei auch Beutel aus Papier mit einem Sichtfenster aus Kunststoff bekannt sind.Such bags are usually made of paper, with bags made of paper with a viewing window made of plastic are known.

Aus der EP 1 837 285 A1 ist ein Beutel aus zwei miteinander in den Randbereichen verbundenen, im wesentlichen rechteckigen Materialbahnen bekannt, bei dem mindestens zwei Beutel an einem Seitenrand miteinander verbunden und durch eine Perforation im Bereich des Seitenrandes, an dem sie verbunden sind, trennbar sind. Dies ermöglicht es, zwei Beutel gleichzeitig herzustellen und sie bei Bedarf anschließend zu trennen. Dort wird auch die Möglichkeit beschrieben, daß eine der Materialbahnen aus einem transparenten Material besteht, was es ermöglicht, über den so erstellten Sichtstreifen den Beutelinhalt zu sehen.From the EP 1 837 285 A1 is a bag of two interconnected in the edge regions, substantially rectangular webs of material known in which at least two bags are connected to one another at a side edge and by a perforation in the region of the side edge to which they are connected, separable. This makes it possible to make two bags at a time and then separate them if necessary. There is also described the possibility that one of the webs of material consists of a transparent material, which makes it possible to see the bag contents over the visual strip thus created.

In Anbetracht der zunehmenden Zahl von Backeinheiten, in denen tiefgefrorene Backlinge fertiggebacken und dann verkauft werden, ist es von immer größerer Bedeutung, die noch warmen Backwaren zu verpacken, um sie zum Verkauf anzubieten. Die verpackten Backwaren sollen jedoch für den Käufer erkennbar sein. Auch fertig zubereitete Sandwiches, etc. müssen in verpackter Form vorliegen, wobei der Inhalt der Verpackung für den Käufer sichtbar sein sollte. Daher nimmt die Bedeutung von Beuteln mit Sichtfenster weiter zu. Hierbei stellt sich jedoch das Problem, daß die in derartige Beutel verpackte Ware in der Regel Feuchtigkeit abgibt, z.B. warme Backwaren, die noch "ausdampfen" oder Sandwiches, deren Füllung Feuchtigkeit enthält, was zu einem Durchweichen der Backware und ggf. auch der Verpackung führen kann. Andererseits muß sichergestellt werden, daß keine bzw. möglichst wenig Keime von der Umgebung in den Beutel eindringen.In view of the increasing number of baking units in which deep-frozen bakes are ready-baked and then sold, it is increasingly important to package the still-warm bakery products for sale. However, the packaged baked goods should be recognizable to the buyer. Also ready-made sandwiches, etc. must be in packaged form, the contents of the packaging should be visible to the buyer. Therefore, the importance of bags with viewing window continues to increase. However, this poses the problem that the goods packed in such bags usually give off moisture, e.g. warm baked goods that still "evaporate" or sandwiches whose filling contains moisture, which can lead to a soaking of the baked goods and possibly also the packaging. On the other hand, it must be ensured that no or as few germs from the environment penetrate into the bag.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Beutel gemäß dem Oberbegriff zu schaffen, der es ermöglicht, Feuchtigkeit aus dem Beutelinneren abzuführen, wobei der Beutel den Inhalt dennoch sicher vor Verkeimung von außen schützen soll.The object of the invention is to provide a bag according to the preamble, which makes it possible to dissipate moisture from the inside of the bag, the bag should still safely protect the contents of germs from the outside.

Diese Aufgabe wird im Rahmen der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß der Beutel aus einer ersten Materialbahn besteht, die an einer Seite einen ersten Falz aufweist und oberhalb des ersten Falzes endet, daß an der dem ersten Falz gegenüberliegenden Seite der ersten Materialbahn ein zweiter Falz durch zwei übereinander angeordnete, miteinander verbundene Materialstreifen gebildet ist und daß mit dem oberen der beiden Materialstreifen eine zweite Materialbahn verbunden ist, die mit dem Ende der ersten Materialbahn oberhalb des ersten Falzes verbunden ist und wobei die Verbindungen zumindest teilweise luftdurchlässig ausgebildet sind.This object is achieved in the context of the invention in that the bag consists of a first material web having a first fold on one side and ends above the first fold, that at the first fold opposite side of the first web, a second fold by two superimposed, interconnected strips of material is formed and that with the upper of the two strips of material, a second material web is connected, which is connected to the end of the first material web above the first fold and wherein the compounds are at least partially permeable to air.

Dadurch, daß zumindest ein Teil der Verbindungen luftdurchlässig ausgebildet ist, wird erreicht, daß Luft durch die vier Verbindungsstellen zwischen der ersten Materialbahn und dem ersten Materialstreifen, zwischen dem ersten Materialstreifen und dem zweiten Materialstreifen, zwischen dem zweiten Materialstreifen und der zweiten Materialbahn und zwischen der zweiten Materialbahn und der ersten Materialbahn streichen kann, was ein seitliches Austreten von Feuchtigkeit insbesondere im Falzbereich des Beutels ermöglicht.Characterized in that at least a part of the compounds is designed to be permeable to air, it is achieved that air through the four connection points between the first material web and the first material strip, between the first material strip and the second material strip, between the second material strip and the second material web and between the second material web and the first material web can strike, which allows lateral leakage of moisture, especially in the rebate area of the bag.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, daß die Materialstreifen und die zweite Materialbahn aus Kunststoff bestehen.It is within the scope of the invention that the strips of material and the second material web are made of plastic.

In diesem Zusammenhang ist es besonders vorteilhaft, daß der Kunststoff transparent ist.In this context, it is particularly advantageous that the plastic is transparent.

Dies ermöglicht ein großes Sichtfenster in dem Beutel.This allows a large viewing window in the bag.

Es ist zur Erfindung gehörig, daß die luftdurchlässigen Verbindungen durch intermittierende Verklebungen gebildet sind.It is part of the invention that the air-permeable compounds are formed by intermittent bonds.

Unter intermittierenden Verklebungen werden Verklebungen verstanden, bei denen keine durchgehende Klebenaht vorliegt, sondern eine in mehr oder weniger regelmäßigen Abständen unterbrochene Klebenaht.Under intermittent bonding adhesions are understood in which there is no continuous adhesive seam, but an interrupted at more or less regular intervals adhesive seam.

Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß die erste Materialbahn aus Kunststoff besteht.A development of the invention is that the first material web consists of plastic.

In diesem Zusammenhang besteht eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung darin, daß bei aus Kunststoff bestehenden Materialstreifen und einer aus Kunststoff bestehenden zweiten Materialbahn die luftdurchlässige Verbindung durch intermittierende Schweißnähte gebildet sind.In this context, a further development of the invention consists in that the air-permeable connection are formed by intermittent welds in existing plastic material strips and a plastic second material web.

Es ist weiterhin vorteilhaft, daß die erste Materialbahn aus Papier oder Pappe besteht.It is also advantageous that the first material web consists of paper or cardboard.

Dies ist vorteilhaft, da durch die Papier- oder Pappematerialbahn der Beutel an mindestens einer Seite nahezu blickdicht ist. Durch eine mögliche Pappematerialbahn wird zudem eine Stabilisierung der Waren ermöglicht. Wenn beispielsweise Backwaren oder Konditoreiwaren in dem Beutel mit Papier- oder Pappematerialbahn als erste Materialbahn gelagert werden, kann dies von Vorteil sein. Oftmals ist der Boden solcher Back- oder Konditoreiwaren nicht dekoriert, nicht sehr ansehnlich oder manchmal auch feucht oder fettig. Es ist nachvollziehbar, dass sich der Anblick einer solchen Ware negativ auf den Verkauf bzw. die Verkaufszahlen auswirkt. Die zumeist ansehnlich dekorierten und/oder nicht-fettigen Oberseiten der Back- oder Konditoreiwaren können jedoch durch die zweite Materialbahn, die aus transparentem Kunststoffbestehenden Materialstreifen hergestellt sein kann, weiterhin begutachtet werden.This is advantageous because the bag is almost opaque on at least one side due to the paper or paperboard material web. A possible paperboard material web also makes it possible to stabilize the goods. If, for example, baked goods or confectionery products are stored in the bag with paper or paperboard material web as the first material web, this can be advantageous. Often, the bottom of such pastry or confectionery is not decorated, not very handsome or sometimes moist or greasy. It is understandable that the appearance of such goods has a negative effect on sales or sales figures. However, the mostly lavishly decorated and / or non-greasy tops of the bakery or confectionery products may still be inspected by the second web of material, which may be made of transparent plastic material strip.

Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn das Papier oder die Pappe eine Beschichtung, insbesondere eine fettabweisende Beschichtung, aufweist.It is particularly advantageous if the paper or the paperboard has a coating, in particular a fat-repellent coating.

Die fettabweisende Beschichtung ist dann vorteilhaft, wenn die Back- oder Konditoreiwaren, nach der Herstellung noch Restfeuchte, Öl oder Fett aufweisen. Diese können sich am Boden sammeln und das Papier oder die Pappe durchweichen. Es ist selbstverständlich, dass ein Käufer einen derartigen Beutel nicht transportieren will, da der Beutel andere Gegenstände oder auch die Person, die die Back- oder Konditorware gekauft hat, verunreinigen kann. Durch die Beschichtung wird jedoch ein sauberer Transport ermöglicht sowie ein Kontakt mit fettigen Speisen während des Verzehrs vermieden.The fat-repellent coating is advantageous if the baked or confectionery products, after production still residual moisture, oil or fat. These can collect on the ground and soak the paper or cardboard. It goes without saying that a buyer does not want to carry such a bag because the bag may contaminate other items or even the person who bought the baked or confectionery. The coating, however, allows a clean transport and avoids contact with fatty foods during consumption.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß der Beutel aus einer ersten Materialbahn besteht, wobei die Materialbahn aus mindestens zwei Materialstreifen besteht, die auf jeder ihrer Seiten einen Falz aufweist, der durch zwei übereinander angeordnete, miteinander verbundene Materialstreifen gebildet ist. Es ist zudem vorgesehen, daß mit dem oberen der beiden Materialstreifen eine zweite Materialbah verbunden ist, wobei die zweite Materialbahn aus mindestens zwei Materialstreifen besteht und wobei die Verbindungen zumindest teilweise luftdurchlässig ausgebildet sind.A further embodiment of the invention provides that the bag consists of a first material web, wherein the material web consists of at least two strips of material having on each of its sides a fold which is formed by two superimposed, interconnected strips of material. It is also envisaged that with the upper of the two Material strip is connected to a second Materialbah, wherein the second material web consists of at least two strips of material and wherein the compounds are at least partially permeable to air.

Durch diese Ausgestaltung ist es möglich, nicht nur paarweise Beutel herzustellen, sondern die Materialbahnen für eine Vielzahl nebeneinander angeordneter kleinerer Beutel zu nutzen. Diese kleineren Beutel könnten insbesondere für kleinere Waren genutzt werden, die durch die zweite Materialbahn präsentiert werden und zugleich durch die erste Materialbahn geschützt werden können. Durch die Vielzahl nebeneinander angeordneter kleinerer Beutel wird weiterhin Verpackungsmaterial und somit Kosten eingespart und der Abfall der Verpackung und die Umweltbelastung reduziert.With this configuration, it is possible not only to produce pairs of bags, but to use the material webs for a plurality of juxtaposed smaller bags. These smaller bags could be used in particular for smaller goods that are presented by the second material web and at the same time can be protected by the first material web. Due to the large number of smaller bags arranged side by side, packaging material and thus costs are saved and the waste of the packaging and the environmental impact are reduced.

Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, daß am Boden des Beutels ein Abschnitt der Materialbahn derart gefaltet ist, dass der Abschnitt mit der zweiten Materialbahn verbindbar ist, wobei die Verbindung zumindest teilweise luftdurchlässig ausgebildet ist.It is further provided that at the bottom of the bag, a portion of the material web is folded such that the portion is connectable to the second material web, wherein the compound is at least partially permeable to air.

Durch eine Faltung des Abschnitts kann der Beutel an beispielsweise der Unterseite verschlossen werden. Zugleich ist vorgesehen, dass die Verbindungen zumindest teilweise luftdurchlässig ausgebildet sind und der Abschnitt einen zweiten Abschnitt der zweiten Materialbahn bedeckt. Durch diese Abdeckung wird ermöglicht, dass wenn die Ware, die in dem Beutel ist, begutachtet und dabei der Beutel leider oftmals angefasst wird, keinerlei Kontakt zwischen Ware und den Händen des Begutachters entsteht. Eine Verunreinigung der Ware kann vermieden werden. Gleichzeitig kann jedoch der Geruch der Ware aus dem Beutel wahrgenommen werden, was sich wiederum positiv auf den Verkauf auswirken kann.By folding the section, the bag can be closed on, for example, the underside. At the same time it is provided that the compounds are at least partially permeable to air and the section covers a second portion of the second material web. This cover makes it possible that when the goods that are in the bag, reviewed and the bag is unfortunately often touched, no contact between goods and the hands of the assessor arises. Contamination of the goods can be avoided. At the same time, however, the smell of the product can be perceived from the bag, which in turn can have a positive effect on the sale.

Es kann weiterhin vorteilhaft für die Erfindung sein, daß der Beutel aus einer ersten Materialbahn und einer zweiten Materialbahn mit beidseits dazwischen angeordneten Falz und einem Abschnitt der Materialbahn besteht, wobei der Abschnitt derartig an der zweiten Materialbahn befestigt ist, dass der Beutel an einem Ende geschlossen ist und an dem anderen Ende eine Öffnung zum Befüllen mit Ware aufweist, und die erste Materialbahn einen flächigen Informationsträger aufweist, der als Pappteller ausgebildet ist und welcher ohne Reißen des Beutels an der Verbindungsstelle lösbar mit dem Faltenbeutel mit einem Fugitivleim verbunden ist.It may also be advantageous for the invention that the bag consists of a first web of material and a second web of material having folds interposed therebetween and a portion of the web of material, the portion being secured to the second web of material such that the pouch is closed at one end is and at the other end has an opening for filling with goods, and the first material web has a flat information carrier, which is designed as a paper plate and which is connected without tearing the bag at the junction releasably connected to the fold bag with a Fugitivleim.

Bei Verwendung eines derartigen Leimes ist zum einen sichergestellt, daß der Informationsträger von dem Beutel gelöst werden kann, ohne daß das eventuell dünne Papier des Beutels beschädigt wird und zum anderen wird ein unbeabsichtigtes Lösen des Informationsträgers vermieden.When using such a glue is on the one hand ensures that the information carrier can be solved by the bag without the possibly thin paper of the bag is damaged and, secondly, an inadvertent release of the information carrier is avoided.

Hierbei kann es auch zweckmäßig sein, daß der flächige Informationsträger mit dem Faltenbeutel durch Verheftung verbunden ist.It may also be expedient that the flat information carrier is connected to the fold bag by stapling.

Nachfolgend wird ein Ausfuhrungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

Es zeigen

Fig. 1
eine geschnittene Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Beutels,
Fig. 2
eine geschnittene Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Beutels,
Fig. 3
einen Teilschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Beutels.
Show it
Fig. 1
a sectional view of a bag according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a sectional view of a bag according to the invention,
Fig. 3
a partial section of a bag according to the invention.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, wird der erfindungsgemäBe Beutel vorzugsweise paarweise hergestellt, wie dies bei der EP 1 837 285 A1 bereits der Fall ist. Hierzu wird eine erste Materialbahn 1 an beiden Seiten mit einem ersten Falz 2 versehen, so daß sie jeweils oberhalb des ersten Falzes 2 endet, wobei die freien Enden der ersten Materialbahn 1 noch einige Millimeter bis einige Zentimeter lang sind und zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Die erste Materialbahn 1 besteht vorzugsweise aus Papier und kann bereits bedruckt sein.How out Fig. 1 As can be seen, the bag according to the invention is preferably produced in pairs, as in the case of EP 1 837 285 A1 already the case. For this purpose, a first material web 1 is provided on both sides with a first fold 2 so that it ends above the first fold 2, wherein the free ends of the first material web 1 are still a few millimeters to a few centimeters long and aligned with each other. The first material web 1 is preferably made of paper and may already be printed.

In der Mitte der ersten Materialbahn 1 wird ein erster Materialstreifen 3a durch eine doppelte intermittierende Verbindung 4a mit der ersten Materialbahn 1 verbünden. Mit diesem ersten Materialstreifen 3a wird ein zweiter Materialstreifen 3b im Wesentlichen gleicher Größe intermittierend verbunden, wobei die intermittierenden Verbindungen 4b an den freien Enden der Materialstreifen 3a, 3b angeordnet sind. Mit dem zweiten Materialstreifen 3b wird eine darüber angeordnete zweite Materialbahn 5 mittig durch einen doppelte intermittierende Verbindung 4c verbunden. Diese zweite Materialbahn 5 ist wiederum mit dem Ende der ersten Materialbahn 1 oberhalb des ersten Falzes 2 durch jeweils eine intermittierende Verbindung 4d verbunden. Anschließend werden die beiden Beutel durch einen Schnitt in Pfeilrichtung voneinander getrennt und vor oder nach diesem Schritt der Boden der Beutel in üblicher Weise ausgebildet.In the middle of the first material web 1, a first material strip 3a is joined to the first material web 1 by a double intermittent connection 4a. A second material strip 3b of essentially the same size is intermittently connected to this first material strip 3a, the intermittent connections 4b being arranged at the free ends of the material strips 3a, 3b. With the second material strip 3b, a second material web 5 arranged above it is connected centrally by a double intermittent connection 4c. This second material web 5 is in turn connected to the end of the first Material web 1 above the first fold 2 connected by an intermittent connection 4d. Subsequently, the two bags are separated from each other by a cut in the arrow direction and formed before or after this step, the bottom of the bag in a conventional manner.

Der erste Falz der Beutel wird somit durch den Falz 2 der ersten Materialbahn 1 und der zweite Falz durch die Materialstreifen 3a, 3b sowie die zweite Materialbahn 5 gebildet.The first fold of the bag is thus formed by the fold 2 of the first material web 1 and the second fold by the material strips 3a, 3b and the second material web 5.

Es ist auch möglich, die zweite Materialbahn 5 zunächst zu bedrucken und bereits im geschnittenen Zustand mit dem zweiten Materialstreifen 3b und dem Ende der ersten Materialbahn 1 oberhalb des ersten Falzes 2 zu verbinden. In diesem Fall wird die zweite Materialbahn 5 nicht mitgeschnitten.It is also possible to first print on the second material web 5 and to connect it already in the cut condition to the second material strip 3b and the end of the first material web 1 above the first fold 2. In this case, the second material web 5 is not cut.

Die beiden Materialstreifen 3a, 3b und die zweite Materialbahn 5 bestehen vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff, besonders bevorzugt aus transparentem Kunststoff, beispielsweise aus Polypropylen.The two material strips 3a, 3b and the second material web 5 are preferably made of plastic, more preferably made of transparent plastic, for example polypropylene.

Die intermittierenden Verbindungen 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d können unterbrochene Klebeverbindungen oder, insoweit zwei Kunststoffe miteinander verbunden werden, auch eine unterbrochene Schweißnaht sein.The intermittent connections 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d may be interrupted adhesive bonds or, as far as two plastics are joined together, also an interrupted weld.

Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich, kann der erfmdungsgemäße Beutel ebenfalls mehrfach nebeneinander hergestellt werden. Hierzu wird eine erste Materialbahn 21 aus mindestens zwei Materialstreifen 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d hergestellt, wobei diese auf jeder ihrer Seiten einen Falz aufweisen, der durch zwei übereinander angeordnete, miteinander verbundene Materialstreifen 23a, 23b gebildet ist. Weiterhin ist aus der Figur 2 erkenntlich, daß mit dem oberen der beiden Materialstreifen 23b eine zweite Materialbahn 25 verbunden ist, wobei die zweite Materialbahn 25 aus mindestens zwei Materialstreifen 25a, 25,b, 25c, 25d besteht und wobei die Verbindungen 24a, 24b, 24c zumindest teilweise luftdurchlässig ausgebildet sind.How out Fig. 2 can be seen, the inventive bag can also be made several times side by side. For this purpose, a first material web 21 is produced from at least two material strips 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d, these having on each of its sides a fold which is formed by two superimposed, interconnected material strips 23a, 23b. Furthermore, from the FIG. 2 recognizable that with the upper of the two strips of material 23b, a second material web 25 is connected, wherein the second material web 25 of at least two strips of material 25a, 25, b, 25c, 25d and wherein the compounds 24a, 24b, 24c are at least partially permeable to air ,

Für den Falzbereich ist vorgesehen, dass an der ersten Materialbahn 21 ein erster Materialstreifen 23a durch eine doppelte intermittierende Verbindung 24a mit der ersten Materialbahn 21 verbunden wird. Mit diesem ersten Materialstreifen 23a wird ein zweiter Materialstreifen 23b im Wesentlichen gleicher Größe intermittierend verbunden, wobei die intermittierenden Verbindungen 24b an den freien Enden der Materialstreifen 23a, 23b angeordnet sind. Mit dem zweiten Materialstreifen 23b wird eine darüber angeordnete zweite Materialbahn 25 mittig durch einen doppelte intermittierende Verbindung 24c verbunden.For the fold region it is provided that a first material strip 23a is connected to the first material web 21 on the first material web 21 by a double intermittent connection 24a. With this first material strip 23a, a second material strip 23b of substantially the same size is intermittently connected, wherein the intermittent connections 24b at the free ends of the strips of material 23a, 23b are arranged. With the second material strip 23b, a second material web 25 arranged above is connected centrally by a double intermittent connection 24c.

Weiterhin ist es natürlich auch vorstellbar, dass die ersten Falze 2 so ausgebildet sind, wie sie für Figur 1 beschrieben wurden.Furthermore, it is of course also conceivable that the first folds 2 are formed as they are for FIG. 1 have been described.

Die Beutel werden durch einen Schnitt in Pfeilrichtung voneinander getrennt und vor oder nach diesem Schritt der Boden der Beutel in üblicher Weise ausgebildet.The bags are separated by a cut in the direction of the arrow and before or after this step, the bottom of the bag in the usual manner.

In der Figur 3 ist ein Beutel dargestellt bei dem ein Abschnitt A der Materialbahn 31 derart gefaltet ist, dass der Abschnitt A mit der zweiten Materialbahn 35 verbindbar ist. Hierbei ist ebenfalls vorgesehen, dass die Verbindung 34f zumindest teilweise luftdurchlässig ausgebildet istIn the FIG. 3 a bag is shown in which a portion A of the material web 31 is folded such that the portion A with the second material web 35 is connectable. It is also provided that the connection 34f is at least partially permeable to air

Weiterhin ist aus Figur 3 ersichtlich, daß der Beutel aus einer ersten Materialbahn 31 und einer zweiten Materialbahn 35 mit beidseits dazwischen angeordneten Falz und einem Abschnitt A der Materialbahn 31 besteht, wobei der Abschnitt A derartig an der zweiten Materialbahn 35 befestigt ist, dass der Beutel an einem Ende geschlossen ist und an dem anderen Ende eine Öffnung zum Befüllen mit Ware aufweist.Furthermore, it is off FIG. 3 it can be seen that the bag consists of a first material web 31 and a second material web 35 with folds arranged on both sides and a section A of the material web 31, the portion A being fastened to the second material web 35 such that the pouch is closed at one end and at the other end has an opening for filling with goods.

Diese zweite Materialbahn 35 ist, wie in Figur 3 gezeigt, mit dem Ende der ersten Materialbahn 31 oberhalb der Außenfalze durch jeweils eine intermittierende Verbindung 34d verbunden. Anschließend werden die beiden Beutel durch einen Schnitt in Pfeilrichtung voneinander getrennt und vor oder nach diesem Schritt der Boden der Beutel in üblicher Weise ausgebildet.This second material web 35 is, as in FIG. 3 shown connected to the end of the first material web 31 above the outer folds by an intermittent connection 34d. Subsequently, the two bags are separated from each other by a cut in the arrow direction and formed before or after this step, the bottom of the bag in a conventional manner.

Weiterhin, nicht dargestellt, kann die erste Materialbahn 31 einen flächigen Informationsträger, der als Pappteller ausgebildet ist, welcher ohne Reißen des Beutels an der Verbindungsstelle lösbar mit dem Faltenbeutel mit einem Fugitivleim verbunden ist, aufweisen.Furthermore, not shown, the first material web 31 can have a flat information carrier, which is designed as a paper plate which is detachably connected to the fold bag with a fugitive glue without tearing the bag at the connection point.

Claims (10)

Beutel, insbesondere zur Aufbewahrung von Lebensmitteln, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Beutel aus einer ersten Materialbahn (1) besteht, die an einer Seite einen ersten Falz (2) aufweist und oberhalb des ersten Falzes (2) endet, daß an der dem ersten Falz (2) gegenüberliegenden Seite der ersten Materialbahn (1) ein zweiter Falz durch zwei übereinander angeordnete, miteinander verbundene Materialstreifen (3a, 3b) gebildet ist und daß mit dem oberen der beiden Materialstreifen (3b) eine zweite Materialbahn (5) verbunden ist, die mit dem Ende der ersten Materialbahn (1) oberhalb des ersten Falzes (2) verbunden ist und wobei die Verbindungen (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) zumindest teilweise luftdurchlässig ausgebildet sind.Bag, in particular for the storage of foodstuffs, characterized in that the bag consists of a first material web (1) which has on one side a first fold (2) and ends above the first fold (2) that at the first fold (2) opposite side of the first material web (1), a second fold is formed by two superposed, interconnected strips of material (3a, 3b) and that with the upper of the two strips of material (3b), a second material web (5) is connected is connected to the end of the first material web (1) above the first fold (2) and wherein the compounds (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) are at least partially permeable to air. Beutel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materialstreifen (3a, 3b) und die zweite Materialbahn (5) aus Kunststoff bestehen.Bag according to claim 1, characterized in that the material strips (3a, 3b) and the second material web (5) consist of plastic. Beutel gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kunststoff transparent ist.Bag according to claim 2, characterized in that the plastic is transparent. Beutel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die luftdurchlässigen Verbindungen (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) durch intermittierende Verklebungen gebildet sind.A bag according to claim 1, characterized in that the air-permeable connections (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) are formed by intermittent bonds. Beutel gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei einer aus Kunststoff bestehenden zweiten Materialbahn (5) die luftdurchlässige Verbindungen (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) durch intermittierende Schweißnähte gebildet sind.A bag according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the case of a second material web (5) made of plastic, the air-permeable connections (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) are formed by intermittent weld seams. Beutel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Materialbahn (1) aus Papier oder Pappe besteht.Bag according to claim 1, characterized in that the material web (1) consists of paper or cardboard. Beutel gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Papier oder die Pappe eine Beschichtung, insbesondere eine fettabweisende Beschichtung, aufweist.Bag according to claim 6, characterized in that the paper or paperboard has a coating, in particular a fat-repellent coating. Beutel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Beutel aus einer ersten Materialbahn (21) besteht, wobei die Materialbahn (21) aus mindestens zwei Materialstreifen (21a, 21b, 21c, 21d) besteht, die auf jeder ihrer Seiten einen Falz aufweist, der durch zwei übereinander angeordnete, miteinander verbundene Materialstreifen (23a, 23b) gebildet ist und daß mit dem oberen der beiden Materialstreifen (23b) eine zweite Materialbahn (25) verbunden ist, wobei die zweite Materialbahn (25) aus mindestens zwei Materialstreifen (25a, 25,b, 25c, 25d) besteht und wobei die Verbindungen (24a, 24b, 24c) zumindest teilweise luftdurchlässig ausgebildet sind.Bag according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bag consists of a first material web (21), the material web (21) consisting of at least two strips of material (21a, 21b, 21c, 21d) having a fold on each side thereof, which is formed by two superimposed material strips (23a, 23b) arranged one above the other and in that a second material web (25) is connected to the upper of the two material strips (23b), wherein the second material web (25) consists of at least two strips of material (25a, 25, b, 25c, 25d) and wherein the connections (24a, 24b, 24c) are at least partially permeable to air. Beutel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Abschnitt (A) der Materialbahn (31) so gefaltet ist, dass der Abschnitt (A) mit der zweiten Materialbahn (35) verbindbar ist, wobei die Verbindung (34f) zumindest teilweise luftdurchlässig ausgebildet ist.A bag according to claim 1, characterized in that a portion (A) of the material web (31) is folded so that the portion (A) with the second material web (35) is connectable, wherein the compound (34f) is at least partially permeable to air , Beutel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Beutel aus einer ersten Materialbahn (1) und einer zweiten Materialbahn (5) mit beidseits dazwischen angeordneten Falz und einem Abschnitt (A) der Materialbahn (1) besteht, wobei der Abschnitt (A) derartig an der zweiten Materialbahn (5) befestigt ist, dass der Beutel an einem Ende geschlossen ist und an dem anderen Ende eine Öffnung zum Befüllen mit Ware aufweist, und die erste Materialbahn (1) einen flächigen Informationsträger, der als Pappteller ausgebildet ist, welcher ohne Reißen des Beutels an der Verbindungsstelle lösbar mit dem Faltenbeutel mit einem Fugitivleim verbunden ist, aufweist.Bag according to claim 1, characterized in that the bag consists of a first material web (1) and a second material web (5) with a fold arranged on both sides and a section (A) of the material web (1), the portion (A) being such attached to the second material web (5), that the bag is closed at one end and at the other end has an opening for filling with goods, and the first material web (1) has a flat information carrier, which is designed as a paper plate, which without Tear of the bag at the junction releasably connected to the fold bag with a Fugitivleim has.
EP11007614.8A 2010-09-21 2011-09-19 Bag Not-in-force EP2431292B1 (en)

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DE202010008593U DE202010008593U1 (en) 2010-09-21 2010-09-21 bag

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EP2431292A1 true EP2431292A1 (en) 2012-03-21
EP2431292B1 EP2431292B1 (en) 2014-04-23

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202010008593U1 (en) * 2010-09-21 2010-11-11 Kimmlinger, Karl bag

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1589469A (en) * 1968-09-10 1970-03-31
DE1786174A1 (en) * 1968-08-27 1972-01-20 Kalle Ag Method for converting a film into a bag
CH659046A5 (en) * 1986-05-01 1986-12-31 Stewo Ag Werthenstein Packaging bag
EP1203727A2 (en) * 2000-11-02 2002-05-08 Karl Kimmlinger Paper bag
DE20319154U1 (en) * 2003-12-11 2004-02-26 Kimmlinger, Karl bag
JP2005075411A (en) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-24 Tokai Kakoshi Kk Food bag for use in microwave oven
JP2007022586A (en) * 2005-07-15 2007-02-01 Fukusuke Kogyo Co Ltd Irregular-shaped fruit packaging bag
EP1837285A1 (en) 2006-03-21 2007-09-26 Karl Kimmlinger Bag
DE202010008593U1 (en) * 2010-09-21 2010-11-11 Kimmlinger, Karl bag

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1786174A1 (en) * 1968-08-27 1972-01-20 Kalle Ag Method for converting a film into a bag
FR1589469A (en) * 1968-09-10 1970-03-31
CH659046A5 (en) * 1986-05-01 1986-12-31 Stewo Ag Werthenstein Packaging bag
EP1203727A2 (en) * 2000-11-02 2002-05-08 Karl Kimmlinger Paper bag
JP2005075411A (en) * 2003-08-29 2005-03-24 Tokai Kakoshi Kk Food bag for use in microwave oven
DE20319154U1 (en) * 2003-12-11 2004-02-26 Kimmlinger, Karl bag
JP2007022586A (en) * 2005-07-15 2007-02-01 Fukusuke Kogyo Co Ltd Irregular-shaped fruit packaging bag
EP1837285A1 (en) 2006-03-21 2007-09-26 Karl Kimmlinger Bag
DE202010008593U1 (en) * 2010-09-21 2010-11-11 Kimmlinger, Karl bag

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EP2431292B1 (en) 2014-04-23

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