EP2429754A1 - Surface structure and method for generating a surface structure - Google Patents
Surface structure and method for generating a surface structureInfo
- Publication number
- EP2429754A1 EP2429754A1 EP10715792A EP10715792A EP2429754A1 EP 2429754 A1 EP2429754 A1 EP 2429754A1 EP 10715792 A EP10715792 A EP 10715792A EP 10715792 A EP10715792 A EP 10715792A EP 2429754 A1 EP2429754 A1 EP 2429754A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- protrusions
- spot
- surface structure
- micrometer
- metalloid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
- B23K26/0624—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1ns or less
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/3568—Modifying rugosity
- B23K26/3584—Increasing rugosity, e.g. roughening
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/3082—Grooves
- A61F2002/30823—Grooves having the shape of a reverse dovetail
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30838—Microstructures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/3094—Designing or manufacturing processes
- A61F2002/3097—Designing or manufacturing processes using laser
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
- A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to surface structures and a method of generating such surface structures.
- These surface structures are for instance used in bone implants, where titanium or titanium alloy elements are partly or completely inserted in a bone.
- the surface structure of the implant is roughened.
- One way of roughening the surface of such implants is by applying particle impingement such as shot blasting.
- Another roughening technique that is applied is etching of the surface.
- the surface structure of the inserts are roughened in two steps.
- First a rough surface structure is obtained by particle impingement where after a much finer roughening is superposed on the rough surface structure by etching.
- a drawback of the etching technique is that the etching process is very difficult to control and, furthermore the etching induces aggressive etching substances eating away and reacting with surface. These substances can similarly introduce contamination of the surface structure. As alternative it has been proposed to apply laser induced surface etching instead. Although this technique has proven to be superior with respect to the contamination, the roughness of the surface structure still leaves room for improvement .
- the object of the invention is to provide an alternative surface structure and an alternative method of generating a surface structure, which alleviates the drawbacks of the art while maintaining and/or improving the advantages thereof.
- This object is reached by a method for producing a surface structure wherein a substrate is provided having a surface to be treated wherein a portion of the surface is irradiated with a beam of a pulsed ultra violet laser projecting a spot on the surface, wherein the pulsed UV laser is having a pulse length of 5 to 10 picoseconds and a pulse frequency of 200 to 300 kiloherz, wherein the energy density per pulse ranges from 0.003 to 0.5 microjoules per square micrometer, wherein the spot is moved over the surface to be treated and wherein the irradiation can be repeated a number of times.
- the repeating number or the number of irradiation cycles can be adjusted to the structure development during the foregoing irradiation cycles. For example a structure is not yet well developed, than another cycle can be applied.
- An energy release per pulse can be about 5-12 microjoules, and a spot size can be about 5 to 40 micrometer in diameter.
- the spot is moved over the surface in a velocity of 10 to 100 mm per second. With such a speed the generation of the protrusions on the surface proves most advantageous.
- the wave length of the laser can be between 200 to 1100 nm, wherein promising results can for instance be obtained with a wavelength within 200 to 400 nm, such as for instance a wavelength of 355 nm. These wavelengths provide sufficient energy in order to shape the surface in question.
- the substrate comprises at least one component chosen from a group of a metal, a metalloid, silicon, a ceramic, a metallic compound, a metalloid compound, carbon, a carbon containing compound or an alloy.
- the ceramic can for instance comprise a component chosen from a group of a silicon carbide, a silicon nitride, a metal carbide, a metal nitride, a metalloid nitride, a metalloid carbide, carbon, a metal oxide or a metalloid oxide.
- the irradiation spot moved over the surface of the substrate in a pattern, such that the structure of the surface varies along the surface.
- a dedicated structure can be provided on selected areas, whereas other areas can be provided with different structures or when applicable with none .
- a surface structure comprising an open submicron structure having randomly placed protrusions of 0.1 to 10 micrometer in diameter and a roughness obtained by these protrusions of plus and minus 0.5 micron to plus minus 15 micrometer, in a direction perpendicular to the surface.
- at least a portion of the protrusions of the surface structure comprises an overhanging part, which provides superior bonding properties. These overhanging parts can provide engaging spaces which can provide superior bonding properties.
- the density and dimensions of the protrusions vary along the surface.
- several structures can be provided with different properties.
- a bone implant is provided with the above described surface structure.
- Figure 1 represents a sectional view of a surface structure according to the state of the art
- Figures 2-4 represent different magnifications of an electron microscopic picture in top view of a surface structure as currently applied in the state of the art
- Figure 5 represents a schematic three dimensional view of the method according to the invention
- Figure 6 represents a surface structure according to a first embodiment of the invention
- Figures 7 to 9 represent different magnifications of an electron microscopic picture in top view of a surface structure according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- Figures 10 to 13 represent different magnifications of an electron microscopic picture in top view of a surface structure according to a further embodiment of the invention
- Figures 14 to 17 represent different magnifications of an electron microscopic picture in top view of a surface structure according to yet another embodiment of the invention
- Figures 18 and 19 represent different magnifications of an electron microscopic picture in top view of an untreated surface.
- an object 2 with a surface structure Ia is depicted that is currently applied as for instance a bone implant such as e.g. a dental implant for mounting a replacement tooth.
- a surface structure Ia is generated by irradiating the surface 1 with a nanosecond pulsed UV laser.
- a structure of dimples or craters 3 is formed on the surface 1, a structure of dimples or craters 3 is formed.
- the size of dimples or craters 3 typically corresponds with the size of the spot 14 of the employed laser beam 13, being between 5 and 40 micrometer in diameter .
- craters or dimples 3 are surrounded by walls or embankments 3a, which form a pattern on the surface 1. Since a laser 12 is applied in order to generate this surface structure Ia, contamination of foreign substances or particles can be avoided.
- These surface structures Ib are provided with microscopic pillars and protrusions 4,5,6,7 in the micrometer range.
- the dimensions of the protrusions 4,5,6,7 are found to be only a fraction of the spot size of the laser employed.
- figure 2 representing a surface structure Ia according to the state of the art is compared with any of surface structures Ib of the figures 7, 10 or 14, in the very same magnification, a more fine structure Ib can be observed.
- the protrusions 4,5,6,7 are in dimensions seen parallel to the surface less than 1 to several micrometers, whereas the craters or the dimples 3 in the state of the art are 10 micrometer or more.
- the height z of the protrusions 4-8 lies within a range of 1-15 micrometer, whereas the diameter y of the protrusions 4-8 is in the range of 0.1 to 10 micrometer.
- a pattern of repeating rows 15 of high density protrusions 4-7 are separated by areas 16 of lower density and smaller protrusions.
- the spot 14 of the picosecond pulsed laser 13 can be moved in a first direction I over the areas covering the rows 15, whereas the areas 16 received no or at least less irradiation. This way a pattern is obtained of which the calculated roughness is directionally oriented.
- a first direction I see figure 5
- a R A value of 0.8 can be obtained
- a second direction II for instance a R A value of 1.3 can be obtained.
- the rows 16 of high density protrusions 4-7 are put closer together by leaving less space for the areas that are not irradiated. Thus a more uniform, still slightly varying pattern is obtained.
- the spot 14 of the laser 12 is moved in lanes in direction I, while the distance in between the lanes in direction II is reduced.
- fuselage and/or wing parts can be glued together more sturdily and durable when the herein described surface structures are applied.
- hulls can be glued together, wherein the hull portions that are glued together can be treated by a method as described above.
- a surface structure can be advantageous in order to increase the surface capture of photons.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing a surface structure comprising the following steps: - providing a substrate having a surface to be treated; - irradiating a portion of the surface with a beam of a pulsed ultra violet laser projecting a spot on the surface wherein the pulsed UV laser is having a pulse length of 5 to 10 picoseconds, and a pulse frequency of 200 to 300 kiloherz, wherein the energy density per pulse ranges from 0.003 to 0.5 micro joules per square micrometer; - moving the spot over the surface to be treated; - repeating the irradiation a number of times. The invention further relates to a surface structure wherein the structure comprises an open submicron structure having randomly placed protrusions of 0.1 to 10 micrometer in diameter and a roughness obtained by these protrusions of plus and minus 0.5 micron to plus minus 15 micrometer, in direction (z) perpendicular to the surface.
Description
SURFACE STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR GENERATING A SURFACE STRUCTURE
The invention relates to surface structures and a method of generating such surface structures. These surface structures are for instance used in bone implants, where titanium or titanium alloy elements are partly or completely inserted in a bone. In order to strengthen the bonding between bone tissue and the implant and in order to promote the growth of the bone tissue on and into the surface structure, the surface structure of the implant is roughened. One way of roughening the surface of such implants is by applying particle impingement such as shot blasting. Another roughening technique that is applied is etching of the surface.
For instance in dental inserts in order to generate a suitable roughness the surface structure of the inserts are roughened in two steps. First a rough surface structure is obtained by particle impingement where after a much finer roughening is superposed on the rough surface structure by etching. These techniques however have some serious drawbacks. For instance while impinging the material with particles some of the particle material will stay behind on the surface, providing unwanted contamination. Such contamination in bone implants is evidently highly undesirable .
A drawback of the etching technique is that the etching process is very difficult to control and, furthermore the etching induces aggressive etching substances eating away and reacting with surface. These substances can similarly introduce contamination of the surface structure.
As alternative it has been proposed to apply laser induced surface etching instead. Although this technique has proven to be superior with respect to the contamination, the roughness of the surface structure still leaves room for improvement .
The object of the invention is to provide an alternative surface structure and an alternative method of generating a surface structure, which alleviates the drawbacks of the art while maintaining and/or improving the advantages thereof. This object is reached by a method for producing a surface structure wherein a substrate is provided having a surface to be treated wherein a portion of the surface is irradiated with a beam of a pulsed ultra violet laser projecting a spot on the surface, wherein the pulsed UV laser is having a pulse length of 5 to 10 picoseconds and a pulse frequency of 200 to 300 kiloherz, wherein the energy density per pulse ranges from 0.003 to 0.5 microjoules per square micrometer, wherein the spot is moved over the surface to be treated and wherein the irradiation can be repeated a number of times. The repeating number or the number of irradiation cycles can be adjusted to the structure development during the foregoing irradiation cycles. For example a structure is not yet well developed, than another cycle can be applied. An energy release per pulse can be about 5-12 microjoules, and a spot size can be about 5 to 40 micrometer in diameter. An advantage of this technique is that different areas or surfaces of a substrate can be provided with different dedicated surface structures, which is extremely difficult with etching or shot blasting.
In a preferred embodiment, the spot is moved over the surface in a velocity of 10 to 100 mm per second. With
such a speed the generation of the protrusions on the surface proves most advantageous.
The wave length of the laser can be between 200 to 1100 nm, wherein promising results can for instance be obtained with a wavelength within 200 to 400 nm, such as for instance a wavelength of 355 nm. These wavelengths provide sufficient energy in order to shape the surface in question.
In a further preferred embodiment, the substrate comprises at least one component chosen from a group of a metal, a metalloid, silicon, a ceramic, a metallic compound, a metalloid compound, carbon, a carbon containing compound or an alloy. Herein, the ceramic can for instance comprise a component chosen from a group of a silicon carbide, a silicon nitride, a metal carbide, a metal nitride, a metalloid nitride, a metalloid carbide, carbon, a metal oxide or a metalloid oxide. These compounds are relatively inert and as such difficult to provide with surface treatments. Due to this inert nature, these compounds can be applied in in-vivo applications such as implants. In yet another preferred embodiment is the irradiation spot moved over the surface of the substrate in a pattern, such that the structure of the surface varies along the surface. By this pattern a dedicated structure can be provided on selected areas, whereas other areas can be provided with different structures or when applicable with none .
The above stated object is similarly reached by a surface structure comprising an open submicron structure having randomly placed protrusions of 0.1 to 10 micrometer in diameter and a roughness obtained by these protrusions of plus and minus 0.5 micron to plus minus 15 micrometer, in a direction perpendicular to the surface.
In a preferred embodiment at least a portion of the protrusions of the surface structure comprises an overhanging part, which provides superior bonding properties. These overhanging parts can provide engaging spaces which can provide superior bonding properties.
Preferably the density and dimensions of the protrusions vary along the surface. With this variation, several structures can be provided with different properties. In another preferred embodiment a bone implant is provided with the above described surface structure.
The invention will now be elucidated by the following figures wherein:
Figure 1 represents a sectional view of a surface structure according to the state of the art; Figures 2-4 represent different magnifications of an electron microscopic picture in top view of a surface structure as currently applied in the state of the art;
Figure 5 represents a schematic three dimensional view of the method according to the invention; Figure 6 represents a surface structure according to a first embodiment of the invention;
Figures 7 to 9 represent different magnifications of an electron microscopic picture in top view of a surface structure according to a further embodiment of the invention;
Figures 10 to 13 represent different magnifications of an electron microscopic picture in top view of a surface structure according to a further embodiment of the invention; Figures 14 to 17 represent different magnifications of an electron microscopic picture in top view of a surface structure according to yet another embodiment of the invention;
Figures 18 and 19 represent different magnifications of an electron microscopic picture in top view of an untreated surface.
The figures represent detailed embodiments and should not be considered limiting the invention in any way or form. Throughout the figures similar or the same reference signs are used for corresponding features.
In figure 1 and the electron microscopic pictures represented by figures 2-4, an object 2 with a surface structure Ia is depicted that is currently applied as for instance a bone implant such as e.g. a dental implant for mounting a replacement tooth. Such a surface structure Ia is generated by irradiating the surface 1 with a nanosecond pulsed UV laser. On the surface 1, a structure of dimples or craters 3 is formed. The size of dimples or craters 3 typically corresponds with the size of the spot 14 of the employed laser beam 13, being between 5 and 40 micrometer in diameter .
These craters or dimples 3 are surrounded by walls or embankments 3a, which form a pattern on the surface 1. Since a laser 12 is applied in order to generate this surface structure Ia, contamination of foreign substances or particles can be avoided.
However a thus generated surface structure Ia can still be relative easily loosened from the bone tissue growing thereon, since no overhang of the walls or the embankments 3a is present. Therefore no real engagement between the bone tissue and the surface structure Ia is possible . Surprisingly, by applying a laser 12 with a pulse length in the picoseconds range, different structures Ib can be made, which are represented in figure 6 as a sectional side view and in figures 7-17 as top view images of electron
microscopic pictures according to different embodiments of the surface structures Ib.
These surface structures Ib are provided with microscopic pillars and protrusions 4,5,6,7 in the micrometer range. The dimensions of the protrusions 4,5,6,7 are found to be only a fraction of the spot size of the laser employed.
When figure 2, representing a surface structure Ia according to the state of the art is compared with any of surface structures Ib of the figures 7, 10 or 14, in the very same magnification, a more fine structure Ib can be observed. The protrusions 4,5,6,7 are in dimensions seen parallel to the surface less than 1 to several micrometers, whereas the craters or the dimples 3 in the state of the art are 10 micrometer or more.
So a much finer surface structure Ib is obtained, wherein, at least a portion of the protrusions can be provided with overhanging heads 8,9 so as to build mushroom or papilla shaped micro pillars 6,7. Thus necks 10 and 11 provide wider openings into which the bone tissue can grow and securely engage.
Without being bound to any theory, by applying a laser having a pulse frequency in the picosecond range, it is believed that a region on the surface 1, covered by the spot 14 of irradiation of the laser 12 in question, melts, resonates and breaks up such that the micro protrusions 4-8 are formed.
The height z of the protrusions 4-8 lies within a range of 1-15 micrometer, whereas the diameter y of the protrusions 4-8 is in the range of 0.1 to 10 micrometer.
Thus a calculated surface roughness Ra in the range of 0 to
10 μm can be obtained.
By moving the laser spot 14 over the surface 1 in a certain pattern, a pattern of varying density and sizes of the protrusions 4,5,6 and 7 can be generated as can be seen in the lowest magnification electron microscopic pictures of the figures 7, 10 and 14.
In figure 7 for instance a pattern of repeating rows 15 of high density protrusions 4-7 are separated by areas 16 of lower density and smaller protrusions. The spot 14 of the picosecond pulsed laser 13 can be moved in a first direction I over the areas covering the rows 15, whereas the areas 16 received no or at least less irradiation. This way a pattern is obtained of which the calculated roughness is directionally oriented. In the first direction I (see figure 5), for instance a RA value of 0.8 can be obtained, whereas in a second direction II (see figure 5) for instance a RA value of 1.3 can be obtained.
In figure 10, the rows 16 of high density protrusions 4-7 are put closer together by leaving less space for the areas that are not irradiated. Thus a more uniform, still slightly varying pattern is obtained. In this case the spot 14 of the laser 12 is moved in lanes in direction I, while the distance in between the lanes in direction II is reduced.
In figure 14, a linear pattern still remains visible whereas the density of the protrusions is almost uniform over the surface. In this case the distance 16 between the lanes 15 in the direction II is reduced to approximately zero.
Other patterns can similarly be made by applying corresponding paths of movement of the laser spot over the surface .
The invention is not to be considered restricted to the above described embodiments. Numerous adaptations and
modifications are possible within the framework of the invention. For instance, multiple lasers of different pulsing frequency, wave length and/or other parameters could be applied on different areas of the surface or consecutive steps on the same or overlapping areas of the surface to be treated. Although the surfaces as described herein are disclosed to bone implants, the very same structures can be used in other surface finishing techniques, where a layer of protecting agent such as paint is applied to a surface, or when parts are glued together, in order to greatly enhance the adhesion of the glue to the surface in question.
For instance, in aeronautics, fuselage and/or wing parts can be glued together more sturdily and durable when the herein described surface structures are applied. Also in ship building, for instance hulls can be glued together, wherein the hull portions that are glued together can be treated by a method as described above. Furthermore, in order to increase the efficiency of solar photovoltaic cells, a surface structure can be advantageous in order to increase the surface capture of photons.
Alternatively a thus obtained surface can be used as drag reducing surfaces for applications where fluids flow past such surfaces, as typically in vehicles, sailing, flying and all kinds of sports. These and/or other adaptations and modifications are considered to be part of the spirit and the scope of the inventions as specified in the appending claims.
Claims
1. Method for producing a surface structure (Ib) comprising the following steps: - providing a substrate (2) having a surface (1) to be treated;
- irradiating a portion of the surface (1) with a beam (13) of a pulsed ultra violet laser (12) projecting a spot (14) on the surface (1) wherein the pulsed UV laser (12) is having a pulse length of 5 to 10 picoseconds, and a pulse frequency of 200 to 300 kiloherz, wherein the energy density per pulse ranges from 0.003 to 0.5 microjoules per square micrometer;
- moving the spot (14) over the surface (1) to be treated;
- repeating the irradiation a number of times.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the spot (14) is moved over the surface (1) in a velocity of 10 to 100 mm per second.
3. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the wave length of the laser (12) is 200 to 1100 nanometer.
4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the substrate (2) comprises at least one component chosen from a group of a metal, a metalloid, silicon, a ceramic, a metallic compound, a metalloid compound, carbon, a carbon containing compound or an alloy.
5. Method according to claim 4, wherein the ceramic comprises a component chosen from a group of a silicon carbide, a silicon nitride, a metal carbide, a metal nitride, a metalloid nitride, a metalloid carbide, carbon, a metal oxide or a metalloid oxide.
6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the irradiation spot (14) is moved over the surface (1) of the substrate (2) in a pattern, such that the structure (Ib) of the surface (1) varies along the surface (1) .
7. Surface structure (Ib) wherein the structure (Ib) comprises an open submicron structure having randomly placed protrusions (4,5,6,7) of 0.1 to 10 micrometer in diameter and a roughness obtained by these protrusions of plus and minus 0.5 micron to plus minus 15 micrometer, in direction (z) perpendicular to the surface (1).
8. Surface structure (Ib) according to claim 7, wherein at least a portion of the protrusions (4,5,6,7) comprises an overhanging part (8,9).
9. Surface structure (Ib) according to claim 8, wherein the density and dimensions of the protrusions (4,5,6,7) vary along the surface.
10. A bone implant having a surface structure (Ib) according to any of claims 7 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10715792A EP2429754A1 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2010-04-19 | Surface structure and method for generating a surface structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09160436.3A EP2251133B1 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2009-05-15 | Method for generating a surface structure |
PCT/EP2010/055110 WO2010130528A1 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2010-04-19 | Surface structure and method for generating a surface structure |
EP10715792A EP2429754A1 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2010-04-19 | Surface structure and method for generating a surface structure |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2429754A1 true EP2429754A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
Family
ID=41151872
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09160436.3A Not-in-force EP2251133B1 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2009-05-15 | Method for generating a surface structure |
EP10715792A Withdrawn EP2429754A1 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2010-04-19 | Surface structure and method for generating a surface structure |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09160436.3A Not-in-force EP2251133B1 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2009-05-15 | Method for generating a surface structure |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP2251133B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2514521T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010130528A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010023568A1 (en) * | 2010-06-08 | 2011-12-08 | Forschungsverbund Berlin E.V. | Method and device for producing nanostructured surfaces |
JP2013071312A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2013-04-22 | Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd | Composite molding body of metal member and molded resin member, and surface processing method of metal member |
EP2841008B1 (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2017-09-06 | Neurodan A/S | Implantable medical device |
JP6451420B2 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2019-01-16 | オムロン株式会社 | Manufacturing method of bonded structure |
JP6451421B2 (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2019-01-16 | オムロン株式会社 | Manufacturing method of bonded structure |
DE102018133553A1 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Object with a metal substrate and a channel in the metal substrate and method for its production |
EP3993844A1 (en) | 2019-07-04 | 2022-05-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Implant and method for the production thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5961552A (en) * | 1997-08-02 | 1999-10-05 | Pmt Corporation | Internally configured prosthesis |
DE10157316A1 (en) * | 2001-11-23 | 2003-06-26 | Alcove Surfaces Gmbh | Hip replacement joint comprises ball and socket, surface of ball being etched to roughen it by forming microstructure of grooves |
US20050211680A1 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2005-09-29 | Mingwei Li | Systems and methods for laser texturing of surfaces of a substrate |
DE602005023967D1 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2010-11-18 | Mentor Corp | METHOD FOR PRODUCING IMPLANTS WITH TEXTURED SURFACES |
ITTO20060089A1 (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2007-08-09 | R T M S P A | METHOD FOR LASER TREATMENT OF IMPLANTABLE DEVICES, IMPLANTABLE DEVICES OBTAINED WITH THIS METHOD AND LASER SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF IMPLANTABLE DEVICES |
US20080299408A1 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-12-04 | University Of Rochester | Femtosecond Laser Pulse Surface Structuring Methods and Materials Resulting Therefrom |
-
2009
- 2009-05-15 EP EP09160436.3A patent/EP2251133B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-05-15 ES ES09160436.3T patent/ES2514521T3/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-04-19 WO PCT/EP2010/055110 patent/WO2010130528A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-04-19 EP EP10715792A patent/EP2429754A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2010130528A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2251133A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
ES2514521T3 (en) | 2014-10-28 |
EP2251133B1 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
WO2010130528A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2251133B1 (en) | Method for generating a surface structure | |
Zhang et al. | Hierarchical microstructures with high spatial frequency laser induced periodic surface structures possessing different orientations created by femtosecond laser ablation of silicon in liquids | |
Dutta Majumdar et al. | Laser material processing | |
CN110434332A (en) | A kind of burning optimization on line technique of metal increasing material manufacturing | |
US5473138A (en) | Method for increasing the surface area of ceramics, metals and composites | |
Majumdar et al. | Laser-assisted fabrication of materials | |
US20140314995A1 (en) | Pulsed laser processing method for producing superhydrophobic surfaces | |
Zhang et al. | Achieving of bionic super-hydrophobicity by electrodepositing nano-Ni-pyramids on the picosecond laser-ablated micro-Cu-cone surface | |
KR20150097475A (en) | Methods of forming images by laser micromachining | |
RU2544892C1 (en) | Method of producing micro- and nanostructures of surface of materials | |
Lee et al. | Angular laser cleaning for effective removal of particles. from a solid surface | |
Knappe | Applications of picosecond lasers and pulse-bursts in precision manufacturing | |
Sun et al. | Controllable dot-matrix marking on titanium alloy with anti-reflective micro-structures using defocused femtosecond laser | |
Milles et al. | Wetting properties of aluminium surface structures fabricated using direct laser interference patterning with picosecond and femtosecond pulses | |
KR101144273B1 (en) | Laser surface treated Method for Dental implants having the improved coefficient of surface friction and Dental implants thereby | |
Majumdar et al. | Introduction to laser assisted fabrication of materials | |
Kumar et al. | Studies of laser textured Ti-6Al-4V wettability for implants | |
Mauersberger et al. | High-precision surface profiling using multi-hundred watts ultrashort pulse lasers and ultrafast polygon-mirror based scanner | |
EP2808118B1 (en) | Method of marking material and material marked according to same method | |
Kabashin et al. | Laser–ablative nanostructuring of surfaces | |
JP6348051B2 (en) | Laser processing method, laser processing apparatus, and laser processed product | |
Sinyakova et al. | Surface modification of selective laser melted Ti-6Al-4V by ultrasonic impact treatment and electron beam irradiation | |
CN115233144A (en) | Mechanical laser interactive polishing strengthening method for spraying-state ceramic coating | |
Bartnik et al. | Combined effect of EUV irradiation and acetone treatment on PET surface | |
WO2010082862A1 (en) | Method for producing nanostructures on the surface of a solid body |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20111209 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20171103 |