EP2420313A2 - Procédé de fabrication d'une émulsion eau-combustible et combustible composé à composants multiples - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une émulsion eau-combustible et combustible composé à composants multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2420313A2
EP2420313A2 EP10741445A EP10741445A EP2420313A2 EP 2420313 A2 EP2420313 A2 EP 2420313A2 EP 10741445 A EP10741445 A EP 10741445A EP 10741445 A EP10741445 A EP 10741445A EP 2420313 A2 EP2420313 A2 EP 2420313A2
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
water
mazut
oil
water emulsion
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EP10741445A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2420313A4 (fr
Inventor
Anatoly Iliich Dudko
Viktor Viktorovich Radaev
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B01F23/414—Emulsifying characterised by the internal structure of the emulsion
    • B01F23/4145—Emulsions of oils, e.g. fuel, and water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/49—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/70—Pre-treatment of the materials to be mixed
    • B01F23/708—Filtering materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
    • B01F25/4521—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/10—Maintenance of mixers
    • B01F35/145—Washing or cleaning mixers not provided for in other groups in this subclass; Inhibiting build-up of material on machine parts using other means
    • B01F35/1452—Washing or cleaning mixers not provided for in other groups in this subclass; Inhibiting build-up of material on machine parts using other means using fluids
    • B01F35/1453—Washing or cleaning mixers not provided for in other groups in this subclass; Inhibiting build-up of material on machine parts using other means using fluids by means of jets of fluid, e.g. air

Definitions

  • the invention deals with making hydrocarbon fuel used as process fuel at industrial facilities, in particular thermal power plants, metallurgical works, chemical plants and other high heat and power consumption facilities.
  • the invention can be used for making fuel from moist mazut fuel oils, furnace oils, oil-slimes, heavy residual oil fractions, as well as coal tar oils and resins with simultaneous utilization of bottom water polluted with hydrocarbons.
  • the content of water in the oil-water emulsion is regulated through temperature and flame emissivity providing they stay at least the same as the temperature and flame emissivity for straight mazut fuel oil combustion.
  • the viscosity of the fuel oil-water emulsion decreases depending on the content of water in it, which is controlled by increasing the temperature of the fuel oil-water emulsion at the entrance to the burner providing it stays at least the same as the viscosity of mazut fuel oil when it is used straight (Patent of the Russian Federation No 2253798 , class F 23 C 1/00, 2005).
  • This method used to make fuel emulsion and multicomponent composite fuel from mazut fuel oil and stabilized gas condensate, cannot be used to make fuel from black oil.
  • the method is not effective and affordable enough; the process of making fuel through it is still complex and requires high cost and labor.
  • the necessity to use stabilized gas condensate narrows the area of technological application of the method, since it can be used only at the facilities where gas condensate is available.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a method of making hydrocarbon fuel from moist black oil that forms during oil processing, which will allow reductions in cost and labor, and make the technology more affordable.
  • the technical result of using the invention is a simpler method of making high-quality fuel-water emulsion and multicomponent composite fuel from hydrocarbon inputs - mazut fuel oil, furnace oils, oil-slimes, heavy residual oil fractions, as well as coal tar oils and resins with simultaneous utilization of bottom water polluted with hydrocarbons - without adding gaseous hydrocarbons, which makes the method more effective.
  • the invented method of making fuel-water emulsion and multicomponent composite fuel uses heating of the hydrocarbon input, with a water content of up to 50 wt %m to the temperature of 120°C, processing it with pressure, and cavitation-processing it to make a fine-particle fuel-water emulsion with 0.5 - 5.0 micrometer water particles to subsequently burst hydrocarbon shells with steam for the second-phase fuel spray.
  • the method offered allows the production of high-quality fuel from hydrocarbon inputs - mazut fuel oil, furnace oils, oil-slimes, heavy residual oil fractions, as well as coal tar oils, resins and bottom water polluted with hydrocarbons.
  • the quality of such a fuel is much better than that of the mazut fuel oils used.
  • the product emulsion forming the multicomponent composite fuel stays stable for over 12 months, because the dispersion of water and mazut fuel oil in this case occurs at the pre-molecular level.
  • the size of 0.5 - 5.0 micrometers for the water particles is optimum: with this size the surface tension force is sufficient to maintain the stable dispersion of the product for a long time. Besides, this size allows the necessary fuel spray rate. If the size of water particles is less than 0.5 micrometers, the steam they produce during combustion of fuel-water emulsion is not forceful enough to burst the hydrocarbon shells for the second-phase fuel spray. If the size is over 5.0 micrometers, the required stability and combustion efficiency cannot be obtained.
  • the hydrocarbon input goes through a disperser and then undergoes a cavitation process, which results in regular distribution of water in the form of 0.5 - 5.0 micrometer particles throughout the whole mass, thus forming a highly stable and finely dispersed, homogeneous fuel-water emulsion.
  • the prior heating of the hydrocarbon input to the temperature of 50 - 120°C and the pressure of 50 atm allow obtaining an emulsion with such a size of water particles.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram of making water fuel emulsion, with the disperser used to process the hydrocarbon input;
  • Fig. 2 is a micro-photograph of the primary moist mazut fuel oil;
  • Fig. 3 is a micro-photograph of the fuel-water emulsion obtained from mazut fuel oil;
  • Fig. 4 is a chart showing the nitric oxide content in the flue gas, depending on the steam demand of the boiler unit - for conventional mazut fuel oil combustion (I) and fuel-water emulsion combustion (II);
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram of making water fuel emulsion, with the disperser used to process the hydrocarbon input
  • Fig. 2 is a micro-photograph of the primary moist mazut fuel oil
  • Fig. 3 is a micro-photograph of the fuel-water emulsion obtained from mazut fuel oil
  • Fig. 4 is a chart showing the nitric oxide content in the flue gas, depending on the steam
  • FIG. 5 is a chart showing the sulfurous anhydride content in the flue gas, depending on the steam demand - for conventional mazut fuel oil combustion (I) and fuel-water emulsion combustion (II);
  • Fig. 6 is a chart showing the specific consumption of fuel per 1 Gcal with optimum excess of air, depending on the steam demand - for conventional mazut fuel oil combustion (I) and fuel-water emulsion combustion (II);
  • Fig. 7 is a chart showing the nitric oxide content in the flue gas after the steam superheater with a 1.4 air excess factor, depending on the steam demand - for conventional mazut fuel oil combustion (I) and fuel-water emulsion combustion (II);
  • Fig. 8 is a chart showing the sulfur dioxide content in the flue gas with a 1.4 air excess factor, depending on the stcam demand - for conventional mazut fuel oil combustion (I) and fuel-water emulsion combustion (II).
  • the system of making fuel-water emulsion consists of an intake line 1 to take the hydrocarbon input into the system from containers (not shown), filters 2, delivery pumps of the necessary specifications 3, an emulsifying device 4, manometers to help control the operability and fouling rate of the emulsifying device 5, a sampling device to help control the quality of the product 6, an inline moisture meter 7, a steam delivering pipe 8 to clean the emulsifying device 4, a pipe 9 to discharge condensate and sediments from the emulsifying device 4, a line 10 to deliver additional components, such as water or used petrochemical products, pumps 11 to deliver the additional components, measuring devices 12 to help control the quantity of the additional components, and pipes 13 to release the ready-made product.
  • additional components such as water or used petrochemical products
  • pumps 11 to deliver the additional components
  • measuring devices 12 to help control the quantity of the additional components
  • pipes 13 to release the ready-made product.
  • the method is as follows:
  • Intense cavitation processing of fuel makes structural changes in it: long hydrocarbon chains break up; the fuel becomes "lighter” and its thermal and rheological properties improve; the solid inclusions in it are destroyed and broken up finely. This is confirmed by the positive results of converting boilers and kilns, designed for the combustion of diesel and light furnace oil, to the use of low-grade dark furnace fuel.
  • the process of combustion of such a fuel-water emulsion and multicomponent composite fuel is different from the combustion of conventional fuel.
  • the micron water droplets in solvate shells of hydrocarbon fuel vaporize in a highly heated furnace at an explosion rate; the vapor bursts the shells - and the process of the second-phase fuel spray occurs.
  • a large number of micro-droplets form from an initial droplet; their evaporation speed is much higher, and the total area of their chemical reaction with the delivered blast air is much greater. Thanks to this, the time of the oxidation reactions (complete combustion) shortens considerably, and so does the amount of the air delivered for the combustion, which lessens the flue gas heat loss and considerably reduces the polluting emissions.
  • the technology does not require settlement and discharge of tank water, which is an important factor in the reduction in environmental pollution.
  • the method ensures reliable operation of boilers and process furnaces with up to 50% of water in the initial fuel and provides high energy and ecological characteristics with the combustion of the obtained emulsion in normal mode.
  • the comparative tests were carried out with the use of the boiler T ⁇ M - 84 at loads of 260, 290 and 320 t/h and at a temperature of the mazut fuel oil of 110-114°C and of the fuel-water emulsion of 90-95°C.
  • the analysis of the flue gas contents was made by a gas analyzer of the type; it was at same time duplicated by a K ⁇ A-M type instrument after the boiler (mode point) and before the exhausters (balance point). The samples of the flue gas were taken with gas probes. The tests lasted 40 - 60 minutes. The criteria used to determine stability of a new mode were constancy of the steam flow, steam pressure in the pipeline, temperature of the flue gas and analysis of the flue gas contents.
  • the steam consumption was determined with the help of a panel flow meter.
  • the boiler fuel consumption was determined through the net heating value method (minimum heat value method) [ used in the USSR and Russia] with "gross" efficiency of the boiler being actual, the pressure changes of the fuel delivered to the burners, and the readings of the panel flow meter.
  • the boiler water chemistry was checked through feed and boiler water tests conducted by the chemical lab workers of the station.
  • the temperature of the feed water delivered to the boiler economizer during the tests was 207 - 211°C (design value: 230°C).
  • the fuel consumption changes were made as to its pressure before the burners.
  • the negative pressure in the boiler furnace was maintained at a constant level of (-1.5/-2.0) kgs/m 2 with the guide vanes of the exhausters.
  • the consumption of the air delivered to the furnace was monitored by its pressure before the burners.
  • the air consumption was controlled by the guide vanes of the blow fans with the gates completely open before the burners.
  • ⁇ opt ⁇ cr + 0.03 ⁇ H ⁇ 0.04 where ⁇ cr , is the critical excess air ratio.
  • Fig. 7 shows the 1.4 air excess concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas for mazut fuel oil (chart I) and the fuel-water emulsion (chart II)
  • Fig. 8 shows the sulfur dioxide concentration in the flue gas with a 1.4 air excess factor depending on the steam demand for conventional mazut fuel oil combustion (I) and for fuel-water emulsion combustion (II).
  • I mazut fuel oil combustion
  • III fuel-water emulsion combustion
  • the use of the fuel-water emulsion results in reduction in electric power consumption (for draft and blast).
  • the indicative calculation of the cost efficiency of the method is the following:
  • the heat saving thanks to the reduction in the fuel heating from 120°C (mazut fuel oil) to 95 °C (fuel-water emulsion) is the following:
  • the average reduction of the input mazut fuel oil when the fuel-water emulsion was used for combustion was 300 kg/h under the average loads (250 - 270 t/h).
  • This calculation shows the cost efficiency of the use of the obtained fuel-water emulsion thanks to decreasing the heating temperature to 95 °C.
  • the fuel-water emulsion obtained through the method offered ensures effective operation of the burners when it is heated to 65 - 75°C. In this case the steam consumption will be even lower, which will additionally save heat.
  • the ash content of the emulsion obtained through the method offered is reduced from 0.095 to 0.021%, the weight percent of sulfur is reduced from 2.3 to 1.5 %, the combustion value is increased from 9,688 kcal/kg to 10,656 kcal/kg.
  • Example 2 The technology is the same as in Example 1, but the input substance in this case is furnace oil with 20% of bottom water. This moist furnace oil is heated to the temperature of 60° C and cavitated at a pressure of 20 atm.
  • the cavitation process can be performed at a pressure of 6 - 10 atm, which also allows obtaining high-quality emulsion.
  • Example 3 In order to determine the changes in the properties of the input mazut fuel oil, during the process of making the fuel-water emulsion, laboratory tests were conducted on samples of the input mazut fuel oil M-100, input mazut fuel oil processed in the emulsifying device, input mazut fuel oil with 22% of water added in the laboratory - without cavitation, and the fuel-water emulsion MM-100 with 19 and 32 wt % of water after the cavitation process. The results of the tests are showed in Table 1.
  • Example 4 shows the properties of the input mazut fuel oil M-40 with 1 wt % of water and fuel-water emulsion with 15 wt % of water. The tests on the emulsion with a high water content (15%) confirm that it has a higher combustion value (43,372 kJ/kg) as against low-moisture-content mazut fuel oil (41674 kJ/kg) with standard water content.
  • the above data are the grounds for recommending the obtained fuel-water emulsion and multicomponent composite fuel for combustion.
  • the technological properties of the obtained fuels improve; besides, the increase in their volume thanks to addition of water should be taken into consideration.
  • Table 1 No Properties State Standtard 10585-99 "Dry" mazut fuel oil M-100 Mazut fuel oil M-100 after cavitation Mazut fuel oil M-100 with manual water addition (22%)
  • Fuel-water emulsion MM-100 Fuel-water emulsion MM-100 1. Wt percent of water, not more than 1.0 0.5 traces 20.8 19 32 2. Congelation temperature in °C, not more than 25 27 27 26 29 32 3.
  • Table 2 No Properties Standard for brands (State Standard 10585-99) Input mazut fuel oil M-40
  • Fuel-water emulsion MM-100 40 100 1. Wt percent of water, not more than 1.0 1.0 1.0 16.0 2.
  • Wt percent of sulfur not more than for sulfurous mazut fuel oil 2.0 2.0 for highly sulfurous mazut fuel oil 3.5 3.5 2.3 1.77 3.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
EP10741445A 2009-02-10 2010-02-09 Procédé de fabrication d'une émulsion eau-combustible et combustible composé à composants multiples Withdrawn EP2420313A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KZ20090172A KZ22398A4 (ru) 2009-02-10 2009-02-10 Способ получения водотопливной эмульсии и композиционного многокомпонентного топлива
PCT/KZ2010/000003 WO2010093228A2 (fr) 2009-02-10 2010-02-09 Procédé de fabrication d'une émulsion eau-combustible et combustible composé à composants multiples

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2420313A2 true EP2420313A2 (fr) 2012-02-22
EP2420313A4 EP2420313A4 (fr) 2012-08-15

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EP10741445A Withdrawn EP2420313A4 (fr) 2009-02-10 2010-02-09 Procédé de fabrication d'une émulsion eau-combustible et combustible composé à composants multiples

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2420313A4 (fr)
EA (1) EA013093B1 (fr)
KZ (1) KZ22398A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010093228A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110681309A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2020-01-14 浙江工业大学 一种气体驱动乳化制备乳液的方法
DE102022131430A1 (de) 2022-11-28 2024-05-29 Gea Westfalia Separator Group Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Öl- oder Diesel-in-Alkohol-Emulsion zur Verwendung als Selbstzünder-Kraftstoff

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016068828A1 (fr) * 2014-10-27 2016-05-06 Игорь Борисович ТРОЦКО Procédé de production d'un combustible de chauffage "biomazout"
RU2605951C1 (ru) * 2015-11-24 2017-01-10 Акционерное общество "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт по переработке нефти" (АО "ВНИИ НП") Способ получения композиционного топлива и установка для его осуществления
RU2620606C1 (ru) * 2016-05-23 2017-05-29 Владимир Трофимович Пятков Способ получения композитной эмульсии топлива
RU2635664C1 (ru) * 2017-02-15 2017-11-15 Юрий Александрович Пименов Способ получения гидратированного топлива
UA121244C2 (uk) * 2018-02-28 2020-04-27 Олександр Юрійович Микитюк Водно-паливна емульсія і спосіб її обробки
WO2019172862A1 (fr) * 2018-03-05 2019-09-12 Валерий Анатолиевич ЯКОВЛЕВ Procédés de préparation de matières premières hydrocarbonées
RU2726488C2 (ru) * 2018-11-12 2020-07-14 Талатай Василий Алексеевич Гидростабилизированное топливо, способ его получения и теплоэнергообменный реактор

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JPS58160392A (ja) * 1982-03-16 1983-09-22 Kazumasa Tanaka エマルジヨン油
US4597671A (en) * 1983-05-03 1986-07-01 Ernesto Marelli Apparatus for emulsifying and atomizing fluid fuels with secondary fluids, in particular water
US20020158141A1 (en) * 2000-02-25 2002-10-31 Ryu Jeong In Ultrasonically operated liquid fuel modifying system
WO2008029898A1 (fr) * 2006-09-01 2008-03-13 Nanomizer Inc. Procédé de production de carburant en émulsion et appareil de production du carburant

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US4597671A (en) * 1983-05-03 1986-07-01 Ernesto Marelli Apparatus for emulsifying and atomizing fluid fuels with secondary fluids, in particular water
US20020158141A1 (en) * 2000-02-25 2002-10-31 Ryu Jeong In Ultrasonically operated liquid fuel modifying system
WO2008029898A1 (fr) * 2006-09-01 2008-03-13 Nanomizer Inc. Procédé de production de carburant en émulsion et appareil de production du carburant

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Title
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See also references of WO2010093228A2 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110681309A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2020-01-14 浙江工业大学 一种气体驱动乳化制备乳液的方法
DE102022131430A1 (de) 2022-11-28 2024-05-29 Gea Westfalia Separator Group Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Öl- oder Diesel-in-Alkohol-Emulsion zur Verwendung als Selbstzünder-Kraftstoff
WO2024115431A1 (fr) 2022-11-28 2024-06-06 Gea Westfalia Separator Group Gmbh Procédé de production d'une émulsion huile ou diesel-dans-alcool destinée à être utilisée en tant que carburant à auto-allumage

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EA200900610A1 (ru) 2010-02-26
WO2010093228A2 (fr) 2010-08-19
EP2420313A4 (fr) 2012-08-15
WO2010093228A3 (fr) 2010-10-07
KZ22398A4 (ru) 2010-03-15
EA013093B1 (ru) 2010-02-26

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