Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
  • C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
  • C09K5/10—Liquid materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
  • C10J3/463—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension in stationary fluidised beds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
  • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
  • C10J3/482—Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/72—Other features
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
  • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
  • C10J2300/1246—Heating the gasifier by external or indirect heating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
  • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
  • C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
  • C10J2300/1853—Steam reforming, i.e. injection of steam only

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for producing product gas from carbonaceous starting materials according to the preamble of claim 1.
• a so-called heat pipe reformer for producing fuel gas from carbonaceous feedstocks is known in which by means of tubular, elongated heat pipes or heat pipes in a combustion chamber with a first fluidized bed heat generated in one above the Combustion chamber arranged reformer reactor with a second fluidized bed is coupled.
• product gas from the feedstocks to be gasified is produced by al ⁇ othermal steam gasification.
• the fluidized bed in the combustion chamber is driven in a temperature range between 850 0 C and 900 0 C. With sufficient heat transfer performance of the heat pipes temperatures in the range of 75O 0 C to 800 ° C can be achieved in the fluidized bed of the reformer reactor.
• the resulting hydrogen diffuses increasingly into the heat pipes.
• the reformer reactor is arranged above the combustion chamber, so that the heat pipes are arranged substantially vertically. This is the condenser part of the heat pipes over the evaporator part. If the condenser part of a heat pipe is located above the evaporator, then hydrogen in the heat pipe is transported by the rising steam convectionv (upwards). While the vapor of the heat transfer medium condenses and runs down, the hydrogen accumulates. The hydrogen cushion is now compressed by the vapor pressure of the heat transfer medium. The hydrogen cushion therefore has the same pressure as the vapor of the heat transfer medium at this point.
• explosive potassium oxides may form
• the heat generated in the combustion chamber is provided at a temperature level of 85O 0 C to 900 0 C. Since the aliothermal steam gasification at temperatures below 75O 0 C leads to poorer gas qualities and the temperature difference between the combustion chamber and reforming reactor due to the fluidized bed anyway in about 100 0 C, the heat pipes between heat receiving side and heat donating side have the lowest possible temperature spread , Due to the fluidized beds in the combustion chamber and the reformer reactor only heat flux densities in the range between 2 and 4 W / cm 2 are achieved at the heat pipes.
• a heat pipe is known in which a eutectic mixture of sodium and potassium is used as the heat transfer medium, which in some way the positive In particular, the NaK eutectic is liquid at ambient temperatures and not solid.
• Al 36 37 872 C2 is a heat pipe with a mixture of Sodium and potassium known as work equipment.
• This Na-K alloy behaves in accordance with the liquid-vapor equilibria and segregates, if it is subjected to a thermal separation process, intentionally in a rectification column or in a rectification column-like apparatus, for example a heat pipe.
• This segregation is described in publications 1 and 2.
• the actual segregation of the light and high boiler still depends on a number of other factors, but in principle the mass flows (liquid and vapor) and the size of the mass transfer surface and thus size and length of the heat pipes, the temperature and pressure as well as the concentrations play an important role , Heat flow density and heat transfer performance also influence segregation.
• a segregation of NaK has the great disadvantage that a significant temperature difference between evaporator temperature and condenser temperature can be set.
• the heat pipes as used in heat pipe reformers according to EP 1 187 892 B1, are Sanggestreckt pipes with a length in the range between 3 and 6 meters, ie by a factor of 40 to 50 longer than the atypical heat pipes according to Publication 1 and 2.
• the heat flow densities of the heat pipes in heat pipe reformers are only in the range between 2 and 4 W / cm 2 . Due to this significantly greater length of the heat pipes and the lower heat flux densities, temperature differences far above 50 ° C. are to be expected on the basis of the values for the heat pipes in heat pipe reformers mentioned in publications 1 and 2.
• the known from publications 1 and 2 atypical heat pipes work at steam temperatures of only 775 0 C.
• NaK78 (78% by weight potassium and 22% by weight sodium) - claims 3 and 4 - and NaK56 (potassium wt.56% and sodium 44% by weight) - claim 2.
• Sodium and potassium are in any ratio miscible
• the eu- Lithuanian NaK78 (282 K) has the lower melting point and is therefore liquid at room temperature and therefore easier to handle.
• NaK is particularly well suited for operation in heat pipes of the heat pipe reformer, since any segregation has little or no negative effect on the performance of the heat pipe reformer. This is especially the case when the heat pipes are arranged vertically in the heat pipe reformer - claim 10 - and are straight - claim 9 - are.
• the NaK condensate flow then flows due to the situation on the pipe inner wall evenly distributed from the condensation zone back to the evaporator zone. Reinforced by the low viscosity of NaK, a constant mixing of evaporating and condensed NaK is guaranteed. Consequently, the slow depletion of potassium is inhibited by prolonged residence of the Na-K mixture at one point in the evaporator region.
• the heat pipes are substantially vertically arranged, elongated straight tubes with a length between 3 m and 10 m and preferably with a length of 4 m to 6 m.
• the diameter of the circular tubes is between 10 mm and 80 mm and preferably between 20 mm and 50 mm. With these dimensions for the heat pipes, there is sufficient mechanical stability and sufficient heat transfer performance.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=42751077

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Citations (1)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2009
  • 2009-04-17 DE DE200910017854 patent/DE102009017854B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-04-19 EP EP10715219A patent/EP2419494A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-04-19 WO PCT/EP2010/055133 patent/WO2010119139A2/de active Application Filing
  • 2010-04-19 EA EA201171257A patent/EA201171257A1/ru unknown

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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