EP2413923A1 - Dietary supplement comprising alpha keto acids for supporting diabetes therapy - Google Patents
Dietary supplement comprising alpha keto acids for supporting diabetes therapyInfo
- Publication number
- EP2413923A1 EP2413923A1 EP10710309A EP10710309A EP2413923A1 EP 2413923 A1 EP2413923 A1 EP 2413923A1 EP 10710309 A EP10710309 A EP 10710309A EP 10710309 A EP10710309 A EP 10710309A EP 2413923 A1 EP2413923 A1 EP 2413923A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alpha
- preparation
- dietary supplement
- keto acids
- salts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/194—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having two or more carboxyl groups, e.g. succinic, maleic or phthalic acid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/08—Solutions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/48—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones
- A61P5/50—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the pancreatic hormones for increasing or potentiating the activity of insulin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- Nutritional supplement containing alpha-keto acids to support diabetes therapy is provided.
- the present invention relates to a preparation used as a dietary supplement containing alpha-keto acids for the supportive therapy of diabetes mellitus, in particular of type II.
- Muscle damage, muscle regeneration, muscle hypertrophy or muscle fiber transformation include.
- Energy and protein metabolism play a crucial role in these cellular processes. Essentially, amino acids are involved.
- Alpha-keto acids have different functions in metabolism.
- the keto acid analogs of branched-chain amino acids play an important role in amino acid metabolism, especially in skeletal muscle and in the liver.
- One-third of the muscle protein consists of the branched-chain amino acids, which can not be formed by the body, but are taken up with the food have to.
- proteins are constantly being built up and broken down, the corresponding alpha-keto acid being formed on transfer of the amino group to a carrier during the degradation of an amino acid.
- the keto acid obtained can then be further enzymatically oxidized for energy.
- the carrier is transported to the liver where it releases ammonia, which is converted into urea and excreted via the kidney.
- alpha-keto acids derived from branched-chain amino acids for nutritive purposes has been known for some time.
- alpha-ketoisocaproate ketoleucine
- ketoleucine can be used to reduce protein breakdown in muscle and to reduce urea formation resulting from protein degradation after muscle surgery (US Pat. No. 4,677,121).
- ketoleucine in malnutrition, muscular dystrophy or uremia or in other diseases that result in a secondary sequence protein breakdown in muscle is described there.
- the administration of ketoleucine takes place intravenously.
- branched-chain amino acids are used to support muscle building, e.g. in athletes, used directly (Shimomura, Y. et al., American Society for Nutrition).
- Ammionac in the muscle, which in turn leads to fatigue phenomena.
- the object is achieved by providing a preparation which contains at least one of the alpha-keto acids from the group alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), alpha-ketoisovalerate (KIV), alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate (KMV) and alfa-ketoglutarate (AKG ) is substantially nitrogen-free and preferably contains no nitrogen-containing compounds.
- the preparation is a dietary supplement and may contain additional vitamins and minerals.
- Nitrogen content of the preparation is less than 6 wt .-%, preferably less than 3 wt .-%, in particular less than 0.5 wt .-%, based on the total weight.
- alpha-keto acids their salts may also be present in the preparation according to the invention.
- Suitable salts are in particular the alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, in particular the Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ salts, of the stated alpha-keto acids.
- a preferred embodiment represent preparations which are a combination of alfa-ketoglutarate and alpha-ketoisocaproate or alfa-ketoglutarate and alpha-ketoisovalerate or alfa-ketoglutarar and alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate or a combination of all four alpha-keto acids and / or have their salts.
- Preference is given to an AKG to BCKA (branched-chain keto acids) ratio of 5: 1 to 1: 5 in the preparation set, in particular 3: 1 to 1: 3, preferably 2: 1 to 1: 2.
- the daily dose of alpha-keto acids ingested by the product should not exceed 2000 mg / kg body weight.
- the preparation can be added to other additives.
- compounds that promote the regeneration process such as vitamins, especially vitamin A, vitamin Bi, B 2 , B 6 and Bi 2 , vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, biotin, Choline and inositol.
- antioxidants such as beta-carotene, potassium citrate, citric acid, lactic acid, tocopherol, sodium or Kaliumascorbate or ascorbic acid may be included in the preparation.
- Minerals and trace elements from the group sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, chromium, phosphorus and iodine are also possible as additives.
- the additives mentioned are added in the usual amounts for the food industry.
- additives include saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, in particular C ⁇ -C 22 fatty acids, as an additive in
- the claimed preparations can be used, for example, in the form of a powder, a tablet or in the form of a solution or suspension.
- the alpha-keto acids or their salts are preferably formulated with about 30 to 90 percent by volume in the preparation, preferably using nitrogen-free additives, in particular hard-to-absorb carbohydrates and fats (oils), and optionally contain amino acids, in particular L-ornithine or L. -Arginine, wherein the amounts are set in the ranges of the stated nitrogen contents of the total amount of the preparation.
- Suitable carriers are e.g. linear or (hyper) branched polyesters, polyethers, polyglycerols, polyglycolides, polylactides, polylactide-co-glycolides, polytartrates and polysaccharides, or polyethylene oxide-based dendrimers, polyether-dendrimers, coated PAMAM dendrimers, e.g. Polylactide-co-glycolide coating, or polyarylether.
- Suitable carriers are e.g. linear or (hyper) branched polyesters, polyethers, polyglycerols, polyglycolides, polylactides, polylactide-co-glycolides, polytartrates and polysaccharides, or polyethylene oxide-based dendrimers, polyether-dendrimers, coated PAMAM dendrimers, e.g. Polylactide-co-glycolide coating, or polyarylether.
- the powder or tablet may further be provided with a coating, e.g. allow the release of the dietary supplement only in the intestinal tract.
- a coating e.g. allow the release of the dietary supplement only in the intestinal tract.
- the following capsule shell materials are preferably used: carboxymethylcellulose, nitrocellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, shellac, carrageenan, alginates, gelatin, cellulose acetate, phthalates, ethylcellulose, polyglycerols, polyesters or Eudragit®.
- the preparation is administered in the form of a solution or suspension of the dietary supplement
- the addition of emulsifiers or colloids may be useful in order to be able to absorb all desired components as well as possible in an aqueous solution.
- Suitable additives are, for example, polyvinyl alcohols, glycerides of fatty acids, their acetic, citric, lactic or tartaric acid esters, polyoxyethylene stearates, Carbohydrate esters, propylene glycol esters, glycerol esters or sorbitan esters of fatty acids or sodium lauryl sulfate.
- Another object of the present invention are foods containing the claimed preparations
- the foods may be added to the claimed preparations during their production, or later a formulation of the dietary supplement may be added to the food, e.g. in the form of a powder or a tablet.
- a formulation of the dietary supplement may be added to the food, e.g. in the form of a powder or a tablet.
- dissolution of effervescent tablets or a powder in mineral water can be cited here.
- Nitrogen detoxification or ammonia detoxification in the muscle which is necessary inter alia by the protein and amino acid degradation in the muscle promoted.
- the corresponding amino acids are generated and in turn are available for muscle growth and the energy-consuming nitrogen detoxification and excretion via the liver and kidney is reduced. Accordingly, less nitrogen-containing degradation products, such as urea, detected in the blood or urine.
- the muscular capacity is increased or the muscle build-up is supported by the dietary supplements, since by transaminating the administered keto acids in the muscle can be transferred into the appropriate amino acids, which are there for anabolic reactions available.
- ammonia accumulation may well affect the central nervous system with increased stress or
- keto acids can have a psychosomatic effect on exercise, so that physical exercise can be performed with more volume and intensity and with shorter recovery time. This is particularly important for patients with diabetes mellitus type II, because the disease is often associated with lack of physical exercise and reduced exercise capacity, which among other things
- Ammonia accumulation may be the cause. It has been found that the potentially biological function of keto acid can prevent or at least reduce accumulation of ammonia during exercise so that patients can be more active and exercise more. With increased physical training then a better glucose metabolism is expected.
- the preparation according to the invention and this containing foods are aimed especially at diabetics who want to support the diabetes, in particular of the type II supportive by sporting activity.
- Nitrogen removal capacity is also particularly advantageous.
- Another object of the present invention is the use of keto acids for the preparation of orally ingestible preparations and products, such as functional food, tablets, powders, etc. for normalizing a diabetic metabolic situation in diabetics, for muscle building, for limiting the performance of the muscles, for Protection of the muscles against cell damage under stress and to increase the general well-being.
- the Individual Anaerobic Aerobic Threshold is determined. This is done by measuring a lactate power curve with a treadmill test (training phase protocol: start 6 km / h, increase 2 km / h, which corresponds to an increase of about 25-50 watts / min, stage duration 3 min.) , Blood samples are taken before and after a training session in a 30-second break and the glucose and lactate levels are measured using a YSI 2300 STAT plus analyzer from YSI Life Sciences, Yellow Springs, USA, and the maximum oxygen uptake (VC ⁇ max ) determined spirometrically with a K4 measuring device from Cosmed (Rome, Italy).
- IAAS Individual Anaerobic Aerobic Threshold
- the measurement of the bounce improvement can be determined by means of a bounce plate of the company Kistler, Winterthur, Switzerland. To determine the explosive power by means of the bounce test, the device's own protocols "Squat-Jump” and “Count-Movement Jump” are used.
- Bounce is measured by the contact time on the measuring plate and the jump height and calculated in comparison with the body weight.
- uric acid levels in the blood or urine or creatine kinase activity in the blood are determined.
- the increase in creatine kinase activity correlates with the extent of muscle damage and may be determined by an enzymatic reaction using Kit No. 1087533 from Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany.
- the uric acid level can be determined photometrically using the "Fluitest UA®" kit from Biocon Diagnostics, Vöhl / Marienhagen, Germany.
- the effects of the claimed dietary supplement on the protein metabolism can be achieved by a Determine urea determination in the blood or urine. Determination of the urea specimen can be carried out by means of photometric end point determination at a wavelength of 334 nm using the urea S test combination (Reagent Kit No. 777510 from Boehringer Mannheim, Germany).
- BCKAs denied-chain alpha-keto acids
- Placebo- 15 61 (49-72) 174 (168-2)
- the physical training was carried out in two variants.
- the one variant was carried out in the section Sports and Rehabilitation of the University of Ulm under the supervision of sports scientists or doctoral candidates, or in a gym / physiotherapeutic practice under the supervision of a qualified trainer / trainer.
- the other variant was a so-called "free training", controlled by the subjects themselves.
- the professionally supervised training was considered “compulsory training”, namely three training sessions per week, the free training as
- the additional training consisted of endurance training and strength endurance training, whereby one training session included endurance training with 15 minutes each three repetitions with pauses of about 5 minutes and strength training over 5 minutes. This resulted in the training time according to the study plan for the endurance with 45 minutes and the strength endurance training with 5 minutes per training session and thus 135 minutes of endurance training and 15 minutes of strength endurance training per week. This training was carried out for 6 weeks. This was followed by a regeneration phase of a week in which was not trained.
- Eudragit ® EPO is a methacrylate copolymer (Pharma Polymers, no. 9, Nov 2002, pp 1-4). With this agent, an odor and taste masking is achieved.
- AKG was administered as sodium salt and, KIC, KIV and KMV as calcium salts.
- FIG. 3 shows the result for plasma glucose concentration.
- the glucose level in the blood is considered a control parameter for the glucose metabolism in diabetics. This level was relatively well adjusted in the present study even before the start of the study. He was a little worse off in the KAS group.
- Glucose metabolism in diabetics does not appear to be long lasting, so that blood glucose levels rise significantly again. This implies that physical training for diabetics as a therapeutic measure should rather be a "long-term therapy”.
- HbAIC A long-term parameter for glucose metabolism is HbAIC (Figure 4).
- HbAlc level was slightly increased before the start of the study, but more pronounced in the KAS group. Through training, this dropped significantly to the near-normal level in both groups. Therefore, the "net gain” in lowering the HbAIC in the KAS group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group, suggesting a greater effect.
- KAS has an even stronger effect on glucose control and has a longer-lasting effect.
- QUICKI quantitative insulin sensitivity check index
- Figure 1 Maximum physical performance in the ramp test during the study period in the placebo group (placebo) or the ketosacic supplement group.
- Figure 2 Physical performance at individual aerobic anaerobic lactate threshold in the multistage test during the study period in the placebo group (placebo) or the keto acid supplementation group.
- Figure 3 Plasma glucose levels during the study period in the placebo (placebo) or keto acid supplementation group (mean: t standard deviation).
- Figure 4 HbAIc in plasma during the study period in the placebo group (placebo) or the ketoklarensupplementi group.
- Figure 5 Quantitative insulin sensitivity check-in during the study period in the placebo group (placebo) or the ketoklarensupplement ist (median) group.
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dietary supplement comprising alpha keto acids for supporting diabetes therapy. The invention relates to a preparation used as a dietary supplement comprising alpha keto acids for supporting therapy of diabetes mellitus type II (DM). The preparation comprises at least one of the alpha keto acids from the group alpha ketoisocaproate (KIC), alpha ketoisovalerate (KIV), alpha keto beta methylvalerate (KMV) and alpha keto glutarate (AKG).
Description
Nahrungsergänzungsmittel enthaltend alpha-Ketosäuren zur Unterstützung der DiabetestherapieNutritional supplement containing alpha-keto acids to support diabetes therapy
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein als Nahrungsergänzungsmittel eingesetztes Präparat, enthaltend alpha-Ketosäuren zur unterstützenden Therapie der Diabetes mellitus, insbesondere des Typs II.The present invention relates to a preparation used as a dietary supplement containing alpha-keto acids for the supportive therapy of diabetes mellitus, in particular of type II.
Zahlreiche Studien zeigen, dass die Inzidenz des Typ II DM durch körperliches Training gesenkt werden kann. Körperliches Training ist die beste präventive Maßnahme und stellt gleichzeitig auch eine der wichtigsten therapeutischen Möglichkeiten zur Behandlung des DM dar. Es ist nachgewiesen, dass körperliches Training zu einer Verbesserung des Glukosestoffwechsels und somit auch des klinischen Verlaufs führt.Numerous studies show that the incidence of type II DM can be reduced by physical training. Physical training is the best preventive measure and at the same time one of the most important therapeutic options for the treatment of DM. It has been proven that physical training leads to an improvement of the glucose metabolism and thus the clinical course.
Körperliches Training führt zu muskulärer Anpassung bei der sich eine Reihe von zellulären Prozessen abspielen, welche u.a. Muskelschädigung, Muskelregeneration, Muskelhypertrophie bzw. Muskelfasertransformation beinhalten. Bei diesen zellulären Prozessen spielen Energie- bzw. Proteinmetabolismus eine entscheidende Rolle. Wesentlich sind hierbei Aminosäuren beteiligt .Physical training leads to muscular adaptation in which a number of cellular processes take place, which i.a. Muscle damage, muscle regeneration, muscle hypertrophy or muscle fiber transformation include. Energy and protein metabolism play a crucial role in these cellular processes. Essentially, amino acids are involved.
Bei Diabetikern kommt bei Durchführung von körperlichem Training jedoch erschwerend hinzu, dass sie unter Muskelatropie leiden. Eine der Ursachen der Muskelatropie ist, dass wegen reduzierter Verfügbarkeit von Glukose zur Energiegewinnung, Proteine zur Energiegewinnung abgebaut werden können.However, it is aggravating for diabetics to undergo muscle atrophy when performing physical training. One of the causes of muscle atrophy is that, because of the reduced availability of glucose for energy, proteins for energy production can be broken down.
Alpha-Ketosäuren haben unterschiedliche Funktionen im Metabolismus. Die Ketosäureanaloga von verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren spielen eine wichtige Rolle im Aminosäuremetabolismus, vor allem im Skelettmuskel und in der Leber. Ein Drittel des Muskelproteins besteht aus den verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren, die vom Körper nicht gebildet werden können, sondern mit der Nahrung aufgenommen werden
müssen. Im Muskel werden besonders bei körperlicher Anstrengung fortwährend Proteine auf- und abgebaut, wobei beim Abbau einer Aminosäure die entsprechende alpha-Ketosäure unter Übertragung der Aminogruppe auf einen Carrier gebildet wird. Die erhaltene Ketosäure kann dann zur Energiegewinnung enzymatisch weiter oxidiert werden. Der Carrier wird zur Leber transportiert und setzt dort Ammoniak frei, der in Harnstoff umgewandelt und über die Niere ausgeschieden wird.Alpha-keto acids have different functions in metabolism. The keto acid analogs of branched-chain amino acids play an important role in amino acid metabolism, especially in skeletal muscle and in the liver. One-third of the muscle protein consists of the branched-chain amino acids, which can not be formed by the body, but are taken up with the food have to. In muscle, especially during physical exertion, proteins are constantly being built up and broken down, the corresponding alpha-keto acid being formed on transfer of the amino group to a carrier during the degradation of an amino acid. The keto acid obtained can then be further enzymatically oxidized for energy. The carrier is transported to the liver where it releases ammonia, which is converted into urea and excreted via the kidney.
Die Verwendung von alpha-Ketosäuren, die sich von verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren ableiten, für nutritive Zwecke ist seit längerem bekannt. So kann insbesondere alpha-Ketoisocaproat (Ketoleucin) zur Reduzierung des Proteinabbaus im Muskel und zu einer Verminderung der aus dem Proteinabbau resultierenden Harnstoffbildung nach Muskeloperationen eingesetzt werden (US 4,677,121) . Auch die Verwendung von Ketoleucin bei Unterernährung, muskulärer Dystrophie oder Urämie bzw. bei weiteren Erkrankungen, die als Sekundärfolge einen Proteinabbau im Muskel zur Folge haben, ist dort beschrieben. Die Gabe von Ketoleucin erfolgt dabei intravenös.The use of alpha-keto acids derived from branched-chain amino acids for nutritive purposes has been known for some time. For example, alpha-ketoisocaproate (ketoleucine) can be used to reduce protein breakdown in muscle and to reduce urea formation resulting from protein degradation after muscle surgery (US Pat. No. 4,677,121). The use of ketoleucine in malnutrition, muscular dystrophy or uremia or in other diseases that result in a secondary sequence protein breakdown in muscle is described there. The administration of ketoleucine takes place intravenously.
Im Functional Food -Bereich werden vor allem die verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren zur Unterstützung des Muskelaufbaus, z.B. bei Sportlern, direkt eingesetzt (Shimomura, Y. et al., American Society for Nutrition). Es ist aber bekannt, dass die erhöhte Stickstoffzufuhr über die Aminosäuren zu einer verstärkten Ammionakfreisetzung im Muskel führt, was wiederum zu Ermüdungserscheinungen führt.In the functional food area, especially the branched-chain amino acids are used to support muscle building, e.g. in athletes, used directly (Shimomura, Y. et al., American Society for Nutrition). However, it is known that the increased supply of nitrogen via the amino acids leads to an increased release of ammionac in the muscle, which in turn leads to fatigue phenomena.
Die Verwendung der alpha-Ketosäuren zur Verbesserung derThe use of alpha-keto acids to improve the
Muskelleistung bzw. zur Unterstützung der Muskelerholung nach Belastung wird in US 6,100,287 beschrieben, wobei Salze aus den entsprechenden anionischen Ketosäuren mit kationischen Aminosäuren als Gegenion, wie z.B. Arginin oder Lysin, eingesetzt werden. Dadurch werden allerdings auch Polyamine gebildet, von denen bekannt ist, dass sie zu Apoptose (programmiertem Zelltod) führen können. Auch die Ausscheidung
der Abbauprodukte von Polyaminen erfolgt über die Niere, die dadurch verstärkt beansprucht wird. Eine Aufnahme von Arginin oder Lysin ist also nicht empfehlenswert.Muscle performance or to support muscle recovery after exercise is described in US Pat. No. 6,100,287, salts of the corresponding anionic keto acids with cationic amino acids being used as the counterion, for example arginine or lysine. However, this also produces polyamines which are known to cause apoptosis (programmed cell death). Also the excretion The breakdown products of polyamines takes place via the kidney, which is thereby increasingly stressed. An intake of arginine or lysine is therefore not recommended.
Es besteht ein Bedarf an Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln, die bei Diabetikern, insbesondere mit Diabetes mellitus Typ II das Wohlbefinden und die Leistungsfähigkeit bei und nach sportlichen Aktivitäten fördern, und darüber hinaus helfen eine diabetische Stoffwechsellage zu normalisieren.There is a need for dietary supplements that promote the well-being and performance during and after exercise in diabetics, particularly Type II diabetes mellitus, and also help to normalize a diabetic metabolic condition.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Bereitstellung eines Präparates gelöst, das mindestens eine der alpha-Ketosäuren aus der Gruppe alpha-Ketoisocaproat (KIC) , alpha-Ketoisovalerat (KIV) , alpha- Keto-beta-methylvalerat (KMV) und alfa-Ketoglutarat (AKG) enthält, im wesentlichen stickstofffrei ist und bevorzugt keine stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen enthält. Das Präparat ist ein Nahrungsergänzungsmittel und enthält gegebenenfalls zusätzlich weitere Vitamine und Mineralstoffe.The object is achieved by providing a preparation which contains at least one of the alpha-keto acids from the group alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), alpha-ketoisovalerate (KIV), alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate (KMV) and alfa-ketoglutarate (AKG ) is substantially nitrogen-free and preferably contains no nitrogen-containing compounds. The preparation is a dietary supplement and may contain additional vitamins and minerals.
Im wesentlichen stickstofffrei bedeutet, dass derSubstantially nitrogen-free means that the
Stickstoffgehalt des Präparats unter 6 Gew.-%, bevorzugt unter 3 Gew.-%, insbesondere unter 0,5 Gew.-% liegt, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht .Nitrogen content of the preparation is less than 6 wt .-%, preferably less than 3 wt .-%, in particular less than 0.5 wt .-%, based on the total weight.
Neben den alpha-Ketosäuren können auch deren Salze im erfindungsgemäßen Präparat enthalten sein. Geeignete Salze sind dabei insbesondere die Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetallsalze, insbesondere die Na+-, K+-, Ca2+- und Mg2+-Salze, der genannten alpha-Ketosäuren .In addition to the alpha-keto acids, their salts may also be present in the preparation according to the invention. Suitable salts are in particular the alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, in particular the Na + , K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ salts, of the stated alpha-keto acids.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform stellen Präparate dar, die eine Kombination aus alfa-Ketoglutarat und alpha-Ketoisocaproat oder alfa-Ketoglutarat und alpha-Ketoisovalerat oder alfa- Ketoglutarar und alpha-Keto-beta-methylvalerat bzw. eine Kombination aller vier alpha-Ketosäuren und/oder deren Salzen aufweisen. Bevorzugt wird ein AKG zu BCKA (verzweigtkettige Ketosäuren) Mengen-Verhältnis von 5 : 1 bis 1 : 5 im Präparat
eingestellt, insbesondere 3:1 bis 1:3, bevorzugt 2:1 bis 1:2. Die Tagesdosis der durch das Präparat aufgenommenen alpha- Ketosäuren sollte die Menge von 2000 mg/kg Körpergewicht nicht übersteigen. Bevorzugt sind Dosen von zwischen 10 mg/kg und 1000 mg/kg Körpergewicht für AKG und 10mg/kg und 1000 mg/kg für die BCKAs. Besonders bevorzugte Dosierungen liegen im Bereich von 25 mg/kg bis 150 mg/kg Körpergewicht für AKG, KIC, KIV und KMV, mit der Maßgabe, dass sich bei Erwachsenen eine ungefähre Gesamtmenge an aufgenommener alpha-Ketosäure von 1,25 g bis 25 g ergibt.A preferred embodiment represent preparations which are a combination of alfa-ketoglutarate and alpha-ketoisocaproate or alfa-ketoglutarate and alpha-ketoisovalerate or alfa-ketoglutarar and alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate or a combination of all four alpha-keto acids and / or have their salts. Preference is given to an AKG to BCKA (branched-chain keto acids) ratio of 5: 1 to 1: 5 in the preparation set, in particular 3: 1 to 1: 3, preferably 2: 1 to 1: 2. The daily dose of alpha-keto acids ingested by the product should not exceed 2000 mg / kg body weight. Preferred are doses of between 10 mg / kg and 1000 mg / kg body weight for AKG and 10 mg / kg and 1000 mg / kg for BCKAs. Particularly preferred dosages are in the range of 25 mg / kg to 150 mg / kg body weight for AKG, KIC, KIV and KMV, with the proviso that in adults an approximate total amount of ingested alpha-keto acid from 1.25 g to 25 g results.
Darüber hinaus können dem Präparat weitere Zusatzstoffe beigefügt werden. Insbesondere hervorzuheben sind Verbindungen, die den Regenerationsprozess fördern, wie z.B. Vitamine, insbesondere Vitamin A, Vitamin Bi, B2, B6 und Bi2, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Panthothensäure, Niacin, Folsäure, Biotin, Cholin und Inositol. Weiterhin können Antioxidantien, wie z.B. beta-Carotin, Kaliumeitrat, Zitronensäure, Milchsäure, Tocopherol, Natrium- oder Kaliumascorbate oder Ascorbinsäure im Präparat enthalten sein.In addition, the preparation can be added to other additives. Particularly noteworthy are compounds that promote the regeneration process, such as vitamins, especially vitamin A, vitamin Bi, B 2 , B 6 and Bi 2 , vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, pantothenic acid, niacin, folic acid, biotin, Choline and inositol. Furthermore, antioxidants, such as beta-carotene, potassium citrate, citric acid, lactic acid, tocopherol, sodium or Kaliumascorbate or ascorbic acid may be included in the preparation.
Mineralstoffe und Spurenelemente aus der Gruppe Natrium, Kalium, Magnesium, Calcium, Eisen, Zink, Mangan, Kupfer, Selen, Chrom, Phosphor und Jod sind ebenfalls als Zusätze möglich. Die genannten Zusatzstoffe werden dabei in den für den Lebensmittelbereich üblichen Mengen zugesetzt.Minerals and trace elements from the group sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, selenium, chromium, phosphorus and iodine are also possible as additives. The additives mentioned are added in the usual amounts for the food industry.
Unter einem Präparat ist ein auf dem hier relevanten technischen Gebiet aktiv unter Mitwirkung des Menschen hergestelltes bzw. zubereitetes Produkt mit definierter und reproduzierbarer Zusammensetzung in Bezug auf einzelne im Fokus stehendeA product which is active in the relevant technical field, with the participation of humans and / or prepared, with a defined and reproducible composition in relation to individual ones in focus
Stoffe/Stoffgruppen zu verstehen, mit welchen (m) der Körper gezielt mit einem oder mehreren bestimmten Stoffen versorgt werden soll. Dies beinhaltet selbstverständlich, dass der betreffende Stoff in einem Präparat genau dosiert ist. Präparate werden entsprechend in dosierter Form verabreicht, in Form von Kapseln, Tabletten oder dergleichen.
Bevorzugt können Präparate z.B. enthalten (die Mengenangaben stellen die jeweils bevorzugte Tagedosis das): 10 - 500 mg Natrium, 10 - 500 mg Kalium, 50 - 500 mg Calcium, 10 - 300 mg Magnesium, 1 - 20 mg Zink, 5 - 50 mg Eisen, 0,1 - 1 mg Iod, 5 - 100 μg Selen, 5 - 100 μg Chrom,Understand substances / groups of substances with which (m) the body should be specifically supplied with one or more specific substances. This of course implies that the substance in question is precisely dosed in a preparation. Preparations are accordingly administered in metered form, in the form of capsules, tablets or the like. Preference may be given to preparations (for example, the amounts represent the preferred daily dose): 10 to 500 mg of sodium, 10 to 500 mg of potassium, 50 to 500 mg of calcium, 10 to 300 mg of magnesium, 1 to 20 mg of zinc, 5 to 50 mg Iron, 0.1 - 1 mg iodine, 5 - 100 μg selenium, 5 - 100 μg chromium,
bis zu 100 mg Vitamin Bi, bis zu 100 mg Vitamin B2, bis zu 100 mg Vitamin Be, bis zu 200 μg Vitamin Bi2, bis zu 5 g Vitamin C, bis zu 500 mg Vitamin E, bis zu 300 mg Panthothensäure, bis zu 1 g Niacin, bis zu 10 mg Folsäure, bis zu 1 mg Biotin.up to 100 mg vitamin Bi, up to 100 mg vitamin B 2, up to 100 mg of vitamin Be, up to 200 ug vitamin B 2, up to 5 g Vitamin C, up to 500 mg of vitamin E, up to 300 mg pantothenic acid, up to 1 g niacin, up to 10 mg folic acid, up to 1 mg biotin.
Als weitere Zusatzstoffe kommen gesättigte oder ungesättigte Fettsäuren, insbesondere Cδ-C22-Fettsäuren, als Zusatz inOther additives include saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, in particular Cδ-C 22 fatty acids, as an additive in
Betracht. Es können z.B. Fettsäuren von Fetten und Ölen aus der Gruppe Sonnenblumen-, Sesam-, Raps-, Palm-, Rizinus-, Kokosnuss- , Färberdistel-, Sojaöl, Schweineschmalz und Rindertalg eingesetzt werden. Darüber hinaus können auch Konservierungsmittel, Lebensmittelfarbstoffe, Süßstoffe, Geschmacksverstärker und/oder Aromastoffe in demConsideration. It can e.g. Fatty acids from fats and oils from the group of sunflower, sesame, rapeseed, palm, castor, coconut, safflower, soybean oil, lard and beef tallow. In addition, preservatives, food colors, sweeteners, flavor enhancers and / or flavorings in the
Nahrungsergänzungsmittel in den üblichen, dem Fachmann bekannten Mengen enthalten sein. Sofern die verwendeten Zusatzstoffe in größeren Mengen eingesetzt werden, wird dabei auf stickstofffreie Zusatzstoffe zurückgegriffen. Besonders bevorzugte Nahrungsergänzungsmittel enthalten keine stickstoffhaltigen Zusatzstoffe.
Die beanspruchten Präparate können z.B. in Form eines Pulvers, einer Tablette oder in Form einer Lösung oder Suspension verwendet werden. In Tablettenform werden die alpha-Ketosäuren oder deren Salze bevorzugt mit ca. 30 bis 90 Volumenprozent im Präparat formuliert bevorzugt unter Einsatz von stickstofffreien Zusatzstoffen, insbesondere schwer resorbierbare Kohlenhydrate und Fette (Öle) , und Gegebenenfalls sind Aminosäuren enthalten, insbesondere L-Ornithin oder L-Arginin, wobei die Mengen in den Bereichen der angegebenen Stickstoffgehalte der Gesamtmenge des Präparats eingestellt werden.Dietary supplements in the usual, known to those skilled amounts. If the additives used are used in larger quantities, nitrogen-free additives are used. Particularly preferred dietary supplements do not contain nitrogenous additives. The claimed preparations can be used, for example, in the form of a powder, a tablet or in the form of a solution or suspension. In tablet form, the alpha-keto acids or their salts are preferably formulated with about 30 to 90 percent by volume in the preparation, preferably using nitrogen-free additives, in particular hard-to-absorb carbohydrates and fats (oils), and optionally contain amino acids, in particular L-ornithine or L. -Arginine, wherein the amounts are set in the ranges of the stated nitrogen contents of the total amount of the preparation.
Wird die direkte Verabreichung der Präparate in Form eines Pulvers oder einer Tablette gewünscht, kann der Zusatz von üblichen Trägern von Vorteil sein. Geeignete Träger sind z.B. lineare oder (hyper) verzweigte Polyester, Polyether, Polyglycerine, Polyglycolide, Polylactide, Polylactid-co- glycolide, Polytartrate und Polysaccharide oder Polyethylenoxid- basierte Dendrimere, Polyether-Dendrimere, beschichtete PAMAM- Dendrimere, wie z.B. Polylactid-co-glycolid-Beschichtung, oder Polyarylether .If the direct administration of the preparations in the form of a powder or a tablet is desired, the addition of conventional carriers may be advantageous. Suitable carriers are e.g. linear or (hyper) branched polyesters, polyethers, polyglycerols, polyglycolides, polylactides, polylactide-co-glycolides, polytartrates and polysaccharides, or polyethylene oxide-based dendrimers, polyether-dendrimers, coated PAMAM dendrimers, e.g. Polylactide-co-glycolide coating, or polyarylether.
Das Pulver oder die Tablette kann weiterhin mit einem Überzug versehen sein, um z.B. die Freisetzung des Nahrungsergänzungsmittels erst im Darmtrakt zu erlauben. Folgende Kapselhüllmaterialien werden dabei bevorzugt verwendet: Carboxymethylcellulose, Nitrocellulose, Polyvinylalkohol, Schellak, Carrageenan, Alginate, Gelatine, Celluloseacetat, Phthalate, Ethylcellulose, Polyglycerole, Polyester oder Eudragit®.The powder or tablet may further be provided with a coating, e.g. allow the release of the dietary supplement only in the intestinal tract. The following capsule shell materials are preferably used: carboxymethylcellulose, nitrocellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, shellac, carrageenan, alginates, gelatin, cellulose acetate, phthalates, ethylcellulose, polyglycerols, polyesters or Eudragit®.
Wird dagegen das Präparat in Form einer Lösung oder Suspension des Nahrungsergänzungsmittels verabreicht, kann der Zusatz von Emulgatoren oder Kolloiden nützlich sein, um alle gewünschten Komponenten möglichst gut in einer wässrigen Lösung aufnehmen zu können. Geeignete Zusätze sind z.B. Polyvinylalkohole, Glyceride von Speisefettsäuren, deren Essigsäure-, Citronensäure-, Milchsäure- oder Weinsäureester, Polyoxyethylenstearate,
Kohlenhydratester, Propylenglycolester, Glycerinester oder Sorbitanester von Speisefettsäuren oder Natriumlaurylsulfat .If, on the other hand, the preparation is administered in the form of a solution or suspension of the dietary supplement, the addition of emulsifiers or colloids may be useful in order to be able to absorb all desired components as well as possible in an aqueous solution. Suitable additives are, for example, polyvinyl alcohols, glycerides of fatty acids, their acetic, citric, lactic or tartaric acid esters, polyoxyethylene stearates, Carbohydrate esters, propylene glycol esters, glycerol esters or sorbitan esters of fatty acids or sodium lauryl sulfate.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind Nahrungsmittel, die das beanspruchte Präparate enthaltenAnother object of the present invention are foods containing the claimed preparations
(Functional Food) . Dabei kann es sich z.B. um Getränke oder Riegel handeln, die besonders geeignet zur Aufnahme des Präparate sind. Dabei enthält das Nahrungsmittel selbst in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ebenfalls keine nennenswerten Mengen an stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen oder ist sogar frei von stickstoffhaltigen Verbindungen.(Functional Food). This may be e.g. to act drinks or bars, which are particularly suitable for receiving the preparations. Even in a preferred embodiment, the food itself does not contain appreciable amounts of nitrogen-containing compounds or is even free of nitrogen-containing compounds.
Die Nahrungsmittel können dabei während ihrer Erzeugung mit dem beanspruchten Präparate versetzt werden oder es kann später eine Formulierung des Nahrungsergänzungsmittels dem Nahrungsmittel, z.B. in Form eines Pulvers oder einer Tablette, zugesetzt werden. Beispielhaft kann hier die Auflösung von Brausetabletten oder eines Pulvers in Mineralwasser angeführt werden.The foods may be added to the claimed preparations during their production, or later a formulation of the dietary supplement may be added to the food, e.g. in the form of a powder or a tablet. By way of example, the dissolution of effervescent tablets or a powder in mineral water can be cited here.
Mit Hilfe der beanspruchten Präparate wird dieWith the help of the claimed preparations is the
Stickstoffentgiftung bzw. Ammoniakentgiftung im Muskel, die unter anderem durch den Protein- und Aminosäureabbau im Muskel notwendig wird, gefördert. Durch Übertragung freiwerdender Aminogruppen auf die Ketosäuren werden die korrespondierenden Aminosäuren erzeugt und stehen wiederum für den Muskelaufbau zur Verfügung und die energieaufwendige Stickstoffdetoxifizierung und -ausscheidung über Leber und Niere wird verringert. Dementsprechend werden weniger stickstoffhaltige Abbauprodukte, wie z.B. Harnstoff, im Blut oder Urin nachgewiesen. Gleichzeitig wird die Leistungsfähigkeit der Muskulatur gesteigert bzw. der Muskelaufbau durch die Nahrungsergänzungsmittel unterstützt, da durch Transaminierung die verabreichten Ketosäuren im Muskel in die entsprechenden Aminosäuren überführt werden können, die dort für anabolische Reaktionen zur Verfügung stehen. Schließlich stellt sich eine schnellere Regeneration des Muskelgewebes ein, und die körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit wird verbessert.
Da sich Ammoniakakkumulation durchaus auf das Zentrale Nervensystem mit erhöhter Beanspruchung bzw.Nitrogen detoxification or ammonia detoxification in the muscle, which is necessary inter alia by the protein and amino acid degradation in the muscle promoted. By transferring liberated amino groups to the keto acids, the corresponding amino acids are generated and in turn are available for muscle growth and the energy-consuming nitrogen detoxification and excretion via the liver and kidney is reduced. Accordingly, less nitrogen-containing degradation products, such as urea, detected in the blood or urine. At the same time the muscular capacity is increased or the muscle build-up is supported by the dietary supplements, since by transaminating the administered keto acids in the muscle can be transferred into the appropriate amino acids, which are there for anabolic reactions available. Eventually, faster regeneration of muscle tissue occurs and physical performance is improved. Since ammonia accumulation may well affect the central nervous system with increased stress or
Übermüdungserscheinung auswirken kann, kann dieser biologische Effekt von Ketosäuren auf psychosomatische Aspekte wirken, so dass körperliches Training mit mehr Umfang und auf höherer Intensität und mit kürzerer Regenerationszeit durchgeführt werden kann. Dies ist insbesondere für Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ II von Bedeutung, da das Krankheitsbild häufig mit mangelnder körperlicher Bewegung und reduzierter körperlicher Belastbarkeit assoziiert ist, welche unter anderemThis effect of keto acids can have a psychosomatic effect on exercise, so that physical exercise can be performed with more volume and intensity and with shorter recovery time. This is particularly important for patients with diabetes mellitus type II, because the disease is often associated with lack of physical exercise and reduced exercise capacity, which among other things
Ammoniakakkumulation als Ursache haben kann. Es wurde gefunden, dass durch die potentiell biologische Funktion der Ketosäure eine Ammoniakakkumulation unter körperlichem Training verhindert oder zumindest reduziert werden kann, so dass die Patienten aktiver und mehr trainieren können. Mit gesteigertem körperlichem Training ist dann auch ein besserer Glukosestoffwechsel zu erwarten.Ammonia accumulation may be the cause. It has been found that the potentially biological function of keto acid can prevent or at least reduce accumulation of ammonia during exercise so that patients can be more active and exercise more. With increased physical training then a better glucose metabolism is expected.
Aus den genannten Aspekten heraus richtet sich das erfindungsgemäße Präparat und dieses enthaltende Lebensmittel insbesondere an Diabetiker, die durch sportliche Aktivität den Diabetes, insbesondere des Typs II unterstützend behandeln wollen. Die Verwendung dieser Produkte durch ältere Personen, die bekanntermaßen oft zusätzlich unter einem eingeschränkten Stickstofftransport bzw. eingeschränkterFrom the above aspects, the preparation according to the invention and this containing foods are aimed especially at diabetics who want to support the diabetes, in particular of the type II supportive by sporting activity. The use of these products by the elderly, who are known to often be additionally under a limited nitrogen transport or restricted
Stickstoffausscheidungskapazität leiden, ist ebenfalls besonders vorteilhaft .Nitrogen removal capacity is also particularly advantageous.
Daher ist ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung die Verwendung von Ketosäuren zur Herstellung von oral aufnehmbaren Präparaten und Erzeugnissen, wie z.B. Functional Food, Tabletten, Pulvern etc. zur Normalisierung einer diabetischen Stoffwechsellage bei Diabetikern, zum Muskelaufbau, zur Einschränkung der Leistungsfähigkeit der Muskulatur, zum Schutz der Muskulatur vor Zellschädigungen unter Belastung und zur Steigerung des allgemeinen Wohlbefindens.
Durchführung der VersucheTherefore, another object of the present invention is the use of keto acids for the preparation of orally ingestible preparations and products, such as functional food, tablets, powders, etc. for normalizing a diabetic metabolic situation in diabetics, for muscle building, for limiting the performance of the muscles, for Protection of the muscles against cell damage under stress and to increase the general well-being. Carrying out the experiments
Zur Bestimmung der Verbesserung der Ausdauerfähigkeit wird die Individuelle Anaerob-Aerob-Schwelle (IAAS) ermittelt. Dies geschieht anhand der Messung einer Laktat-Leistungs-Kurve mit einem Laufbandtest (Trainingsphasen-Protokoll: Beginn 6 km/h, Steigerung 2 km/h, was einer Steigerung von ca. 25-50 Watt/min entspricht, Stufendauer 3 min.) . Dabei werden vor und nach einer Trainingsstufe in einer 30 -sekündigen Pause Blutproben entnommen und der Glucose- und Lactat-Wert mittels eines YSI 2300 STAT plus Analyzers der Firma YSI Life Sciences, Yellow Springs, USA und die maximale Sauerstoffaufnähme (VC^max-Wert) spirometrisch mit einem K4-Messgerät der Firma Cosmed (Rom, Italien) bestimmt.To determine the endurance capacity, the Individual Anaerobic Aerobic Threshold (IAAS) is determined. This is done by measuring a lactate power curve with a treadmill test (training phase protocol: start 6 km / h, increase 2 km / h, which corresponds to an increase of about 25-50 watts / min, stage duration 3 min.) , Blood samples are taken before and after a training session in a 30-second break and the glucose and lactate levels are measured using a YSI 2300 STAT plus analyzer from YSI Life Sciences, Yellow Springs, USA, and the maximum oxygen uptake (VC ^ max ) determined spirometrically with a K4 measuring device from Cosmed (Rome, Italy).
Die Messung der Sprungkraftverbesserung kann mittels einer Sprungkraftmessplatte der Firma Kistler, Winterthur, Schweiz festgestellt werden. Zur Bestimmung der Explosivkraft mittels dem Sprungkrafttest werden die dem Gerät eigenen Protokolle „Squat-Jump" und „Count-Movement Jump" verwendet. DieThe measurement of the bounce improvement can be determined by means of a bounce plate of the company Kistler, Winterthur, Switzerland. To determine the explosive power by means of the bounce test, the device's own protocols "Squat-Jump" and "Count-Movement Jump" are used. The
Sprungkraft wird anhand der Kontaktzeit auf der Messplatte und der Sprunghöhe gemessen und in Abgleich mit dem Körpergewicht berechnet .Bounce is measured by the contact time on the measuring plate and the jump height and calculated in comparison with the body weight.
Zur Bestimmung der Schädigung von Muskelzellen, z.B. während einer körperlichen Belastung, wird der Harnsäurespiegel im Blut oder Urin oder die Kreatinkinaseaktivität im Blut bestimmt. Der Anstieg der Kreatinkinaseaktivität korreliert mit dem Umfang der Muskelschädigung und kann durch eine enzymatische Reaktion unter Verwendung des Kits Nr. 1087533 der Firma Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Deutschland bestimmen werden. Der Harnsäurespiegel kann photometrisch mit Hilfe des „Fluitest UA®" -Kits der Firma Biocon Diagnostics, Vöhl / Marienhagen, Deutschland, ermittelt werden .To determine the damage of muscle cells, e.g. During physical exercise, uric acid levels in the blood or urine or creatine kinase activity in the blood are determined. The increase in creatine kinase activity correlates with the extent of muscle damage and may be determined by an enzymatic reaction using Kit No. 1087533 from Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany. The uric acid level can be determined photometrically using the "Fluitest UA®" kit from Biocon Diagnostics, Vöhl / Marienhagen, Germany.
Die Auswirkungen des beanspruchten Nahrungsergänzungsmittels auf den Proteinstoffwechsel lassen sich durch eine
Harnstoffbestimmung im Blut oder Urin nachweisen. Die Bestimmung des Harnstoffspiegeis kann mittels photometrischer Endpunktbestimmung bei einer Wellenlänge von 334 nm unter Verwendung der Harnstoff S Test-Kombination (Reagenz-Kit Nr. 777510 der Firma Boehringer Mannheim, Deutschland) erfolgen.The effects of the claimed dietary supplement on the protein metabolism can be achieved by a Determine urea determination in the blood or urine. Determination of the urea specimen can be carried out by means of photometric end point determination at a wavelength of 334 nm using the urea S test combination (Reagent Kit No. 777510 from Boehringer Mannheim, Germany).
(Brunetti, A. and I. D. Goldfine. "RoIe of myogenin in myoblast differentiation and its regulation by fibroblast growth factor." J.Biol.Chem. 265.11 (1990): 5960-63. Fernandez, A. M., et al . "Muscle-specific inactivation of the IGF-I receptor induces compensatory hyperplasia in skeletal muscle." J. Clin. Invest 109.3 (2002): 347-55. Ragolia, L., Q. Zuo, and N. Begum. "Inhibition of myogenesis by depletion of the glycogen- associated regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1 in rat skeletal muscle cells." J.Biol.Chem. 275.34 (2000): 26102-08. Sun, Z., et al . "Muscular response and adaptation to diabetes mellitus." Front Biosci. 13 (2008): 4765-94.)(Brunetti, A. and ID Goldfine, "Role of myogenin in myoblast differentiation and its regulation by fibroblast growth factor." J.Biol. Chem. 265.11 (1990): 5960-63., Fernandez, AM, et al. specific inactivation of the IGF-I receptor induces compensatory hyperplasia in skeletal muscle. "J. Clin Invest 109.3 (2002): 347-55, Ragolia, L., Q. Zuo, and N. Begum." Inhibition of myogenesis by depletion of the glycogen-associated regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1 in rat skeletal muscle cells. J.Biol.Chem 275.34 (2000): 26102-08 Sun, Z., et al., Muscular response and adaptation to diabetes mellitus "Front Biosci. 13 (2008): 4765-94.)
BeispieleExamples
Durchführung der Studie:Carrying out the study:
Um die Wirkung eines Gemisches von verweigtkettigen alpha- Ketosäuren (BCKAs) und AKG in Kombination mit körperlichem Training auf den Glukose- und Insulinmetabolismus, den Muskelaufbau, Steigerung der Muskelleistungsfähigkeit, denTo study the effect of a mixture of denied-chain alpha-keto acids (BCKAs) and AKG in combination with exercise on glucose and insulin metabolism, muscle building, enhancement of muscle performance
SticksoffStoffwechsel sowie die Verbesserung des allgemeinen Wohlbefindens bei Diabetes mellitus Typ II Patienten zu testen, führten wir folgende Human Studie durch:To test nitrogen metabolism as well as the improvement of general well-being in diabetes mellitus type II patients, we performed the following human study:
Probanden:subjects:
Es wurden zwei Gruppen mit je 15 Probanden rekrutiert. Diese 30 Probanden wurden entsprechend den Einschlusskriterien des Studienplans evaluiert und aufgrund der klinischen bzw. anthropometrischen Daten nominiert. Anschließend wurden die Probanden „doppel-blind" randomisiert (Tabelle 1) . Es besteht kein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden
Gruppen bezüglich der Geschlechtsverteilung, des Alters und der Körpergröße .Two groups of 15 subjects each were recruited. These 30 subjects were evaluated according to the inclusion criteria of the study plan and nominated on the basis of clinical or anthropometric data. The subjects were then randomized to double-blind (Table 1) and there is no statistically significant difference between the two Groups in terms of gender distribution, age and height.
Tabelle 1. Anthropometrische Daten der Probanden bei RekrutierungTable 1. Anthropometric data of subjects in recruitment
N Geschlecht Alter Größe (cm)N Gender Age Size (cm)
(Jahre)(Years)
Gesamt 30 7 w 60 ± 10 173 ± 8Total 30 7 w 60 ± 10 173 ± 8
Placebo- 15 3 60 ± 12 174 ± 7Placebo- 15 3 60 ± 12 174 ± 7
Gruppegroup
KAS-Gruppe 15 4 60 ± 9 171 ±10KAS group 15 4 60 ± 9 171 ± 10
Mittelwert ± StandardabweichungMean ± standard deviation
N Alter Größe (cm)N age size (cm)
(Jahre)(Years)
Gesamt 30 62 (51-70) 175 (168-Total 30 62 (51-70) 175 (168-
178)178)
Placebo- 15 61 (49-72) 174 (168-Placebo- 15 61 (49-72) 174 (168-
Gruppe 180)Group 180)
KAS-Gruppe 15 63 (52-68) 175 (166-KAS Group 15 63 (52-68) 175 (166-
178)178)
Median mit QuartilenMedian with quartiles
Training:Training:
Das körperliche Training wurde in zwei Varianten durchgeführt. Die eine Variante wurde in der Sektion Sport und Rehabilitation der Uniklinik Ulm unter Betreuung von Sportwissenschaftlern oder Doktoranden, oder in einem Fitnessstudio/physiotherapeutischer Praxis unter Aufsicht einer qualifizierte Trainerin/Trainer durchgeführt. Die andere Variante war ein sogenanntes „freies Training", durch die Probanden selbst gesteuert. Das professionell betreute Training galt als „Studienpflichtiges Training", nämlich drei Trainingseinheiten pro Woche, das freie Training alsThe physical training was carried out in two variants. The one variant was carried out in the section Sports and Rehabilitation of the University of Ulm under the supervision of sports scientists or doctoral candidates, or in a gym / physiotherapeutic practice under the supervision of a qualified trainer / trainer. The other variant was a so-called "free training", controlled by the subjects themselves.The professionally supervised training was considered "compulsory training", namely three training sessions per week, the free training as
„Zusatztraining". Das Studienpflichtige Training bestand aus Ausdauertraining und Kraftausdauertraining, wobei eine Trainingseinheit das Ausdauertraining mit je 15 Minuten und
dreimaliger Wiederholung mit Zwischenpausen von etwa 5 Minuten und Kraftausdauertraining über 5 Minuten beinhaltet. So ergab sich die Trainingszeit entsprechend dem Studienplan für die Ausdauer mit 45 Minuten und das Kraftausdauertraining mit 5 Minuten pro Trainingseinheit und somit 135 Minuten Ausdauertraining und 15 Minuten Kraftausdauertraining pro Woche Dieses Training wurde 6 Wochen lang durchgeführt. Daran schloss sich eine Regenerationsphase von einer Woche an, in der nicht trainiert wurde.The additional training consisted of endurance training and strength endurance training, whereby one training session included endurance training with 15 minutes each three repetitions with pauses of about 5 minutes and strength training over 5 minutes. This resulted in the training time according to the study plan for the endurance with 45 minutes and the strength endurance training with 5 minutes per training session and thus 135 minutes of endurance training and 15 minutes of strength endurance training per week. This training was carried out for 6 weeks. This was followed by a regeneration phase of a week in which was not trained.
1.1 Ketosäure-Supplementierung1.1 Keto acid supplementation
Während der gesamten Studienphase von 7 Wochen (6 Trainingswochen und eine Regenerationswoche) nahmen die zwei Probandengruppen jeden Tag die auf ihr Körpergewicht abgestimmte Menge an Mix 2 (Ketosäuren in der unten beschriebenen Komposition) oder Placebo-Mix zu sich, wobei ein Proband über die gesamte Dauer immer den gleichen Mix zu sich nahm.Throughout the study period of 7 weeks (6 weeks of training and one week of regeneration), the two groups of subjects consumed each day the amount of Mix 2 (keto acids in the composition described below) or placebo mix, adjusted to their body weight, with one subject throughout Duration always took the same mix.
Wir wählten folgende Zusammensetzung des Nahrungsergänzungsmittels :We chose the following composition of the dietary supplement:
Ketosäuren pro 500 mg Tablette:Keto acids per 500 mg tablet:
Coating pro 500 mg Tablette:Coating per 500 mg tablet:
Bei Eudragit® EPO handelt es sich um ein Methacrylat-Copolymer (Pharma Polymere, Nr. 9, Nov. 2002, S. 1-4) . Mit diesem Mittel wird eine Geruchs- und Geschmacksmaskierung erreicht.
Zusammensetzung Placebotablette in mg pro 500 mg Tablette:Eudragit ® EPO is a methacrylate copolymer (Pharma Polymers, no. 9, Nov 2002, pp 1-4). With this agent, an odor and taste masking is achieved. Composition Placebo tablet in mg per 500 mg tablet:
CaHPO4 41 ,6807625 NaHCO3 42,0221 1054 Fruktose 166,297127 insgesamt 250 mg "Placebo-Wirkstoff"CaHPO4 41, 6807625 NaHCO3 42.0221 1054 fructose 166.297127 a total of 250 mg "placebo active ingredient"
hinzu kommen 250 mg Hilfsstoffe:250 mg excipients are added:
C Gel LM 03411 6,25 mg C Pharma Gel 12012 12,5 mg Avicel PHlOl 141,2 mg Avicel PH200 80,7 mg KKoolllliiddoonn 2255 7, 8 mg Magnesiumstearat 1, 6 mgC Gel LM 03411 6.25 mg C Pharma Gel 12012 12.5 mg Avicel PHl1 141.2 mg Avicel PH200 80.7 mg Kollolliddoonn 2255 7, 8 mg Magnesium stearate 1, 6 mg
Pro Tag nahm jeder Proband aus der Ketosäuregruppe 0,2 g/kgEach subject from the keto acid group took 0.2 g / kg per day
Körpergewicht/Tag der genannten Mischung zu sich. In der Studie wurde AKG als Natriumsalz und, KIC, KIV und KMV als Calciumsalze verabreicht. Die Probanden der Placebogruppe nahmen die gleiche Menge an Energie und Salzen zu sich Sie nahmen 1,45 Placebo- Tabletten pro kg Körpergewicht/Tag .Body weight / day of said mixture to itself. In the study, AKG was administered as sodium salt and, KIC, KIV and KMV as calcium salts. Subjects taking the placebo group consumed the same amount of energy and salts. They took 1.45 placebo tablets per kg of body weight / day.
1.1.1 Einfluss auf die maximale körperliche Leistung
In Abb. 1 wird die maximal erreichte körperliche Leistung beim Rampentest zusammengefasst . Die maximal erreichte körperliche Leistung vor Beginn des Trainings erschien in der KAS-Gruppe etwas höher als die in der Placebo-Gruppe, welche sich statistisch jedoch nicht signifikant unterschied (P>0,05).1.1.1 Influence on maximum physical performance In Fig. 1 the maximum achieved physical performance is summarized in the ramp test. The maximum achieved physical performance before the start of the training was slightly higher in the KAS group than in the placebo group, which did not differ statistically (P> 0.05).
Insgesamt zeigte sich eine deutliche Zunahme dieser maximalen Leistung durch körperliches Training während der Studienperiode. Bei allen Probanden verzeichnete die maximal erreichte körperliche Leistung nach dem Trainingsprogramm sowie nach der Regeneration eine deutliche Zunahme (P<0,01 bzw. P<0,05) .Overall, there was a significant increase in this maximum performance through physical training during the study period. In all subjects, the maximum achieved physical performance after the training program and after the recovery showed a significant increase (P <0.01 and P <0.05).
Das Training führte also sowohl in der Placebo, als auch in der KAS-Gruppe zu einer Steigerung der körperlichen Leistung. Die Leistungssteigerung war in der KAS-Gruppe jedoch höher und blieb länger erhalten. Durch die höhere Leistung kann das körperliche Training verbessert werden.The training thus led to an increase in physical performance both in the placebo, as well as in the KAS group. However, the performance increase was higher in the KAS group and remained longer. The higher performance can improve physical training.
1.1.2 Einfluss auf die Ausdauerfähigkeit1.1.2 Influence on endurance
Für die Ausdauerfähigkeit wurde die beim Mehrstufentest bestimmte körperliche Leistung bei der individuellen aerob- anaeroben Laktatschwelle zur Auswertung herangezogen. Allerdings war dieser Parameter bei körperlich relativ schwachen Probanden nicht immer ermittelbar, so dass die Fallzahl zusätzlich variierte (Tabelle 2) .
For endurance, the physical performance of the individual aerobic anaerobic lactate threshold determined in the multistage test was used for the evaluation. However, this parameter was not always determinable in physically relatively weak subjects, so that the number of cases varied further (Table 2).
Tabelle 2. Leistung bei individueller aerob-anaerober-Schwelle (Watt, Mittelwert ± Standardabweichung)Table 2. Performance at individual aerobic-anaerobic threshold (watt, mean ± standard deviation)
Zeitpunkt nTime n
Gesamt 26 88,4 ± 30,3 101,8 ± 35,9 100,7 :Total 26 88.4 ± 30.3 101.8 ± 35.9 100.7:
34,234.2
Gruppe 0 12 86, 0 ± 37,8 95, 9 ± 42,3 96,4 ±Group 0 12 86, 0 ± 37.8 95, 9 ± 42.3 96.4 ±
40,8*40.8 *
Gruppe 1 14 90,4 ± 23, 6 108,3 ± 103,2 28,3* 31,1*Group 1 14 90.4 ± 23, 6 108.3 ± 103.2 28.3 * 31.1 *
Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass die körperliche Leistung durch das körperliche Training bei den Probanden insgesamt deutlich gesteigert wurde (Abbildung 2) .The result shows that overall physical performance was significantly increased by the physical training of the subjects (Figure 2).
Der Leistungszuwachs der KAS-Gruppe war stärker als der der Placebogruppe .The performance gains of the KAS group were stronger than those of the placebo group.
1.1.3 Einfluß auf den Glukosestoffwechsel1.1.3 Influence on the glucose metabolism
In Abbildung 3 wird das Ergebnis für die Glucosekonzentration im Plasma dargestellt.Figure 3 shows the result for plasma glucose concentration.
Der Glukosespiegel im Blut gilt als ein Kontrollparameter für den Glukosestoffwechsel beim Diabetiker. Dieser Spiegel war in der vorliegenden Studie bereits vor Beginn der Studie relativ gut eingestellt. In der KAS-Gruppe war er ein wenig schlechter eingestellt .The glucose level in the blood is considered a control parameter for the glucose metabolism in diabetics. This level was relatively well adjusted in the present study even before the start of the study. He was a little worse off in the KAS group.
Insgesamt zeigte sich der Glucosespiegel vor dem Training leicht erhöht, wobei er in der KAS-Gruppe höher als in der Placebo- Gruppe lag, obwohl dieser Unterschied statistisch nicht signifikant war.
Dabei zeigte sich der Glucosespiegel durch das körperliche Training deutlich erniedrigt um 16 mg/dl in der Placebo-Gruppe und 11,5 mg/dl in der KAS-Gruppe. Nach einer Woche Regeneration stieg der Glucosespiegel in der Placebo-Gruppe wieder leicht an (P<0,05), nahm aber in der KAS-Gruppe weiter ab (allerdingsOverall, glucose levels were slightly elevated before exercise, with higher levels in the KAS group than in the placebo group, although this difference was not statistically significant. The physical glucose level significantly reduced the glucose level by 16 mg / dl in the placebo group and 11.5 mg / dl in the KAS group. After one week of regeneration, the glucose level in the placebo group rose again slightly (P <0.05), but continued to decrease in the KAS group (although
P>0,05) . Nach der 7 wöchigen Intervention zeigte sich bei der Placebogruppe eine Abnahme um 9 mg/ml, in der Ketosäuregruppe dagegen um über 20mg/ml!P> 0.05). After the 7-week intervention, the placebo group showed a decrease of 9 mg / ml, whereas in the keto acid group it was more than 20 mg / ml!
In der Placebogruppe kam es durch das Training es zu einer deutlichen Senkung des Glukosespiegels im Blut, so dass er sich im physiologischen Bereich befand (Abbildung 3) und nach der Regenerationsphase noch unter dem Ausgangsniveau blieb. Dieses Ergebnis zeigt deutlich, wie in der Literatur zahlreich beschrieben, dass sich körperliches Training positiv auf denIn the placebo group, training resulted in a significant decrease in the level of glucose in the blood so that it was in the physiological range (Figure 3) and remained below baseline after the regeneration phase. This result clearly shows, as numerous in the literature described, that physical training has a positive effect on the body
Glukosestoffwechsel beim Diabetiker auswirkt. Allerdings scheint der positive Effekt des körperlichen Trainings auf den Glukosestoffwechsel nicht lang anzuhalten, so daß der Glukosespiegel im Blut wieder signifikant anstieg. Das impliziert, daß körperliches Training für Diabetiker als therapeutische Maßnahme eher eine „Dauertherapie" sein sollte.Glucose metabolism in diabetics. However, the positive effect of physical exercise on glucose metabolism does not appear to be long lasting, so that blood glucose levels rise significantly again. This implies that physical training for diabetics as a therapeutic measure should rather be a "long-term therapy".
In der KAS-Gruppe sank der Glukosespiegel in der Regenerationsphase weiter ab, so daß der Glukosespiegel am Ende der Studienperiode noch signifikant unter dem Ausgangsniveau blieb. Dieses Ergebnis zeigt im Vergleich zur der Placebo- Gruppe: 1) . Größere Senkung des Glukosespiegels im Blut, da der Ausgangswert in der KAS-Gruppe höher (pathologisch) war; 2) . Der Glukose senkende Effekt des körperlichen Trainings blieb durch KAS länger erhalten. Insbesondere die weitere Senkung des Glukosespiegels in der Regenerationsphase deutet auf eine verbesserte Insulinfunktion hin, da in dieser Phase kaum Training durchgeführt wurde.
1 .2 HbAIcIn the KAS group, the glucose level continued to fall during the regeneration phase, so that the glucose level at the end of the study period remained significantly below the baseline level. This result shows in comparison to the placebo group: 1). Greater decrease in glucose level in the blood, as the initial value in the KAS group was higher (pathological); 2). The glucose lowering effect of physical exercise was maintained longer by KAS. In particular, the further lowering of the glucose level in the regeneration phase indicates an improved insulin function, since hardly any training was carried out in this phase. 1 .2 HbAlc
Ein langfristiger Parameter für den Glukosestoffwechsel ist HbAIc (Abbildung 4) . Bei den Probanden war der HbAlc-Anteil vor dem Beginn der Studie etwas erhöht, allerdings deutlicher in der KAS-Gruppe. Durch das Training sank dieser signifikant auf das nahezu normale Niveau in beiden Gruppen. Daher war der „Netto- Gewinn" bei der Senkung des HbAIc in der KAS-Gruppe deutlich höher als der in der Placebo-Gruppe, was für einen größeren Effekt spricht.A long-term parameter for glucose metabolism is HbAIC (Figure 4). In the subjects, the HbAlc level was slightly increased before the start of the study, but more pronounced in the KAS group. Through training, this dropped significantly to the near-normal level in both groups. Therefore, the "net gain" in lowering the HbAIC in the KAS group was significantly higher than that in the placebo group, suggesting a greater effect.
Zusammenfassend läßt sich sagen, daß das körperliche Training zu einer deutlichen Besserung des Glukosestoffwechsels beim Diabetiker geführt hat. KAS wirkt zusätzlich stärker auf die Glukosekontrolle und hat einen länger anhaltenden Effekt.In summary, it can be said that the physical training has led to a significant improvement in the glucose metabolism in diabetics. KAS has an even stronger effect on glucose control and has a longer-lasting effect.
1.3 Quantitative Insulin Sensivity Check Index (Quicki)1.3 Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (Quicki)
QUICKI (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) ist ein weit verbreiteter Parameter für die Insulinsensitivität und beruht auf dem Basalinsulin- und dem Glukosespiegel. Ein steigender QUICKI deutet auf eine verbesserte Insulinsensitivität hin. Das heißt, je niedriger der Insulinspiegel bei einem bestimmten Glukosespiegel ist, desto höher ist die Insulinsensitivität. Dieser Wert wird nach der Formel berechnet:QUICKI (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) is a widely used parameter for insulin sensitivity and is based on basal insulin and glucose levels. An increasing QUICKI indicates an improved insulin sensitivity. That is, the lower the insulin level at a given glucose level, the higher the insulin sensitivity. This value is calculated according to the formula:
QUCKI = l/[log (Basalinsulin [u/L] + log (Glukose [mg/dl])]QUCKI = l / [log (basal insulin [u / L] + log (glucose [mg / dl])]
Eine Beschreibung dieser Methode findet sich beiA description of this method can be found at
Wallace TM, Levy JC and Matthew DR. Use and Abuse of HOMA Modeling, Diabetes Care 27: 1487-1495, 2004.Wallace ™, Levy JC and Matthew DR. Use and Abuse of HOMA Modeling, Diabetes Care 27: 1487-1495, 2004.
In Abbildung 5 wird gezeigt, daß QUICKI in der Placebo-Gruppe nach dem Training noch unverändert und erst nach der Regenerationsphase angestiegen war, die Veränderungen waren
statistisch nicht signifikant. Dies bedeutet, daß die Insulinsensitivität in der Placebo-Gruppe nach dem Training unverändert blieb und am Ende der Studienperiode zunahm (jedoch statistisch nicht signifikant) . In der KAS-Gruppe verhielt sich QUICKI unterschiedlich zur Placebo-Gruppe. Es bestand eine signifikante Zunahme nach dem Training und eine Senkung in der Regenerationsphase, jedoch über dem Ausgangsniveau. Die signifikante Zunahme an des sogenannten QUICKI-Wertes in der KAS-Gruppe weist somit auf eine verbesserte Insulinsensitivität hin.
In Figure 5 it is shown that QUICKI in the placebo group after training had remained unchanged and only after the regeneration phase, which were changes not statistically significant. This means that insulin sensitivity in the placebo group remained unchanged after exercise and increased at the end of the study period (but not statistically significant). In the KAS group QUICKI behaved differently to the placebo group. There was a significant increase after training and a reduction in the regeneration phase, but above baseline. The significant increase in the so-called QUICKI value in the KAS group thus indicates an improved insulin sensitivity.
Erläuterung der AbbildungenExplanation of the illustrations
Abbildung 1: Maximal erreichte körperliche Leistung beim Rampentest während der Studienperiode bei der Placebo-Gruppe (Placebo) bzw. der Gruppe mit Ketosäuresupplementierung.Figure 1: Maximum physical performance in the ramp test during the study period in the placebo group (placebo) or the ketosacic supplement group.
Abbildung 2: Körperliche Leistung bei individuellen aerob- anaeroben Lakatschwelle beim Mehrstufentest während der Studienperiode bei der Placebo-Gruppe (Placebo) bzw. der Gruppe mit Ketosäurensupplementierung.Figure 2: Physical performance at individual aerobic anaerobic lactate threshold in the multistage test during the study period in the placebo group (placebo) or the keto acid supplementation group.
Abbildung 3: Glucosespiegel im Plasma während der Studienperiode bei der Placebo-Gruppe (Placebo) bzw. der Gruppe mit Ketosäurensupplementierung (Mittelwert :t Standarabweichung) .Figure 3: Plasma glucose levels during the study period in the placebo (placebo) or keto acid supplementation group (mean: t standard deviation).
Abbildung 4: HbAIc im Plasma während der Studienperiode bei der Placebo-Gruppe (Placebo) bzw. der Gruppe mit Ketosäurensupplementi .Figure 4: HbAIc in plasma during the study period in the placebo group (placebo) or the ketosäurensupplementi group.
Abbildung 5: Quantitativer Insulinsensivität-Check-Indes während der Studienperiode bei der Placebo-Gruppe (Placebo) bzw. der Gruppe mit Ketosäurensupplementierung (Median) .
Figure 5: Quantitative insulin sensitivity check-in during the study period in the placebo group (placebo) or the ketosäurensupplementierung (median) group.
Claims
1. Präparat, das eine oder mehrere der alpha-Ketosäuren und/oder deren Salze, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe alpha-Ketoglutarat, alpha-Ketoisocaproat, alpha-Ketoisovalerat und alpha-Keto- beta-Methylvalerat und/oder deren Salzen enthält, wobei das Präparat ein Nahrungsergänzungsmitel ist und im wesentlichen stickstofffrei ist..1. A preparation which contains one or more of the alpha-keto acids and / or salts thereof selected from the group alpha-ketoglutarate, alpha-ketoisocaproate, alpha-ketoisovalerate and alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate and / or salts thereof, wherein the Preparation is a dietary supplement and is essentially nitrogen-free ..
2. Präparat gemäß Anspruch 1, in dem die Salze Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetallsalze, insbesondere die Na+-, K+-, Ca2+- und Mg2+-Salze, der genannten alpha-Ketosäuren enthalten sind.2. A preparation according to claim 1, in which the salts alkali or alkaline earth metal salts, in particular the Na + , K + -, Ca 2+ - and Mg 2+ salts, of said alpha-keto acids are included.
3. Präparat gemäß Anspruch 1, das Ketosäuren im Mengen- Verhältnis von AKG/BCKAs von 5:1 bis 1:5 enthält, besonderes bevorzugt 2:1 bis 1:2.3. A preparation according to claim 1, the keto acids in the ratio of AKG / BCKAs from 5: 1 to 1: 5 contains, more preferably 2: 1 to 1: 2.
4. Präparat gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, das eine Tagesdosis an Gesamtmenge der alpha-Ketosäuren zwischen 0,5 g und 50 g enthält, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 1,25 und 25 g enthält.4. Preparation according to claim 1 or 2, which contains a daily dose of total amount of alpha-keto acids between 0.5 g and 50 g, more preferably between 1.25 and 25 g.
5. Präparat gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dass zusätzlich L- Ornithin, L-Lysin, L-Histidin oder L-Arginin enthält, wobei der Gesamt-Stickstoffgehalt des Präparats < 6 Gew.-% ist.5. A preparation according to claims 1 to 4, additionally containing L-ornithine, L-lysine, L-histidine or L-arginine, the total nitrogen content of the preparation being <6% by weight.
6. Präparat gemäß Anspruch 5, dass die Aminosäuren als Salze der genannten alpha-Ketosäuren enthalten.6. A preparation according to claim 5, that contain the amino acids as salts of said alpha-keto acids.
7. Präparat gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, das zusätzlich Kreatin enthält .7. A preparation according to claims 1 to 6, which additionally contains creatine.
8. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1-7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Nahrungsergänzungsmittel weitere Zusatzstoffe ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Kohlenhydrate, Fette und Öle, Vitamine, Antioxidantien, Mineralien und Spurenelemente, Konservierungsmittel, Lebensmittelfarbstoffe, Süßstoffe, Geschmacksverstärker und Aromastoffe enthält.8. dietary supplement according to one or more of claims 1-7, characterized in that the dietary supplement further additives selected from the group of carbohydrates, fats and oils, vitamins, antioxidants, minerals and trace elements, Preservatives, food colors, sweeteners, flavor enhancers and flavorings.
9. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8, die weitere Hilfsmittel zur Formulierung enthalten.9. Dietary supplement according to claims 1 to 8, which contain further auxiliaries for the formulation.
10. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9, die als Coatingshilfsmittel ein Methacrylat-Copolymer, insbesondere Eudragit® E PO enthalten.10. Dietary supplement according to claims 1 to 9, which contain as coating auxiliaries a methacrylate copolymer, in particular Eudragit ® E PO.
11. Nahrungsmittel, enthaltend ein Nahrungsergänzungsmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10.11. A food containing a dietary supplement according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. Verwendung von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 oder von Nahrungsmitteln gemäß Anspruch 11 zur Herstellung von oral aufnehmbaren Erzeugnissen zur Unterstützung einer Diabetestherapie, Steigerung der Leistungsfähigkeit der Muskulatur, zum Schutz der Muskulatur vor Zell- und Gewebeschädigungen, zur Steigerung des allgemeinen körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit und/oder zur Unterstützung der Muskelregeneration nach körperlicher Belastung bei gleichzeitiger Entlastung des Stoffwechsel im Hinblick auf die Stickstoffdetoxifizierung.12. Use of dietary supplements according to one of claims 1 to 10 or of foods according to claim 11 for the production of orally absorbable products to support diabetes therapy, increase the performance of the muscles, protect the muscles from cell and tissue damage, to increase the general physical Performance and / or support of muscle recovery after physical exercise while relieving the metabolism in terms of nitrogen detoxification.
13. Verwendung von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 oder von Nahrungsmitteln gemäß Anspruch 11 zur Herstellung von Erzeugnissen zur Unterstützung von Muskelaufbau bei körperlichem Training.13. Use of dietary supplements according to one of claims 1 to 10 or of foodstuffs according to claim 11 for the production of products for supporting muscle building during physical exercise.
14. Verwendung von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 oder von Nahrungsmitteln gemäß Anspruch 11 zur Herstellung von Erzeugnissen zur Unterstützung des körperlichen Trainings bei Diabetes mellitus Typ II Patienten.14. Use of dietary supplements according to one of claims 1 to 10 or of foodstuffs according to claim 11 for the production of products for supporting physical training in diabetes mellitus type II patients.
15. Verwendung von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln nach den Ansprüchen 1 - 10 oder von Nahrungsmitteln gemäß Anspruch 11, zur Herstellung von Erzeugnissen, welches zu einer Normalisierung einer diabetischen Stoffwechsellage und einer Reduktion des Hbcla, in Kombination mit körperlicher Aktivität, führt.15. Use of dietary supplements according to claims 1-10 or of foods according to claim 11, for the manufacture of products, which leads to a normalization of a diabetic metabolic condition and a reduction of Hbcla, in combination with physical activity.
16. Verwendung von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln nach den Ansprüchenl - 10 oder von Nahrungsmitteln gemäß Anspruch 11, zur Herstellung von Erzeugnissen welche in Kombination mit körperlicher Aktivität eine Normalisierung einer diabetischen Stoffwechsellage insbesondere durch die Erniedrigung des Blutglukosespiegels bewirken.16. Use of dietary supplements according to claims 1-10 or of foodstuffs according to claim 11, for the production of products which, in combination with physical activity, cause a normalization of a diabetic metabolism, in particular by lowering the blood glucose level.
17. Verwendung von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln nach den Ansprüchen 1 - 10 oder von Nahrungsmitteln gemäß Anspruch 11 zur Herstellung von Erzeugnissen, welche die Insulinsensitivität steigern.17. Use of dietary supplements according to claims 1-10 or of foodstuffs according to claim 11 for the production of products which increase the insulin sensitivity.
18. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel nach den Ansprüchen 1-7 oder18. dietary supplement according to claims 1-7 or
Nahrungsmitteln gemäß Anspruch 8, zur Unterstützung einer Diabetestherapie bei Säugetieren. Foodstuffs according to claim 8 for supporting diabetes therapy in mammals.
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DE102009016119A DE102009016119A1 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2009-04-03 | Nutritional supplement containing alpha-keto acids to support diabetes therapy |
PCT/EP2010/053704 WO2010112362A1 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2010-03-22 | Dietary supplement comprising alpha keto acids for supporting diabetes therapy |
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BRPI1012007A2 (en) | 2009-06-05 | 2015-09-22 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | "method for the preparation of 2-keto carboxylic acid" |
KR101476738B1 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-12-26 | 주식회사 노암 | Agent for improving insulin resistance |
MX2016000102A (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2016-08-18 | Univ Southern California | Fasting condition as dietary treatment of diabetes. |
CN103463014B (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-08-05 | 沈阳药科大学 | A kind of α keto acid compound and preparation technology thereof |
CN104058954B (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2016-08-17 | 绍兴民生医药股份有限公司 | A kind of friendly process preparing keto-leucine calcium in aqueous phase |
CA3061381A1 (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2018-11-01 | Buck Institute For Research On Aging | Formulations for extending lifespan and healthspan |
CN107549803B (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2021-06-01 | 精晶药业股份有限公司 | Effervescent tablet containing alpha-ketoacid and preparation method thereof |
CN107616505B (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2020-12-25 | 精晶药业股份有限公司 | A health product containing ornithine ketoglutarate and its preparation method |
CN108542899A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-09-18 | 华南农业大学 | Application of the α-ketoglutaric acid in terms of improving obese animal Thermogenesis and reducing body fat content |
DK3603419T3 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2021-09-13 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | MIXTURES OF BRANCHED KETO ACIDS (BCKA) AND METHOD OF PREPARING SUCH MIXTURES |
CN112955139A (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2021-06-11 | 庞塞迪利昂健康特定活动公司 | Process for the preparation of calcium alpha-ketoglutarate |
CN114126599A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2022-03-01 | 巴克老龄化研究所 | Methods and compositions for altering senescence-associated secretory phenotypes |
EP3797766A1 (en) | 2019-09-24 | 2021-03-31 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Compositions for use in reducing inflammation |
US20230255912A1 (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2023-08-17 | Ponce De Leon Health Designated Activity Company | Compositions and methods for treating crp-mediated diseases |
PL243659B1 (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2023-09-25 | Biogliko Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | Water-solube dry composition |
CN117530940A (en) * | 2023-10-11 | 2024-02-09 | 四川大学华西第二医院 | Application of alpha-ketoglutarate in preparation of medicines for promoting myelin repair and improving neuroinflammation |
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FR2315916A2 (en) * | 1976-03-23 | 1977-01-28 | Univ Johns Hopkins | THERAPEUTIC MIXTURES INCLUDING ANALOGUES ALPHA HYDROXY ACIDS OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS AND THEIR ADMINISTRATION TO HUMANS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND THE SUPPRESSION OF UREA FORMATION |
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US5374428A (en) * | 1993-03-23 | 1994-12-20 | Kansas State University Research Foundation | Supplementation of protein diets with di- and tripeptides |
SE9303691D0 (en) * | 1993-11-09 | 1993-11-09 | Gramineer Ab | New beverage |
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AU1409299A (en) | 1997-11-13 | 1999-06-07 | University Of Florida | Use of ketoacids together with amino acids for enhancing muscle performance and recovery from fatigue |
US20030099689A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-05-29 | Ohio State Research Foundation | Dietary formulations including peptides |
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US20080058254A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-06 | Heuer Marvin A | Composition and method for enhancing or promoting the activity of insulin, enhancing skeletal muscle growth, reducing skeletal muscle loss, and increasing the energy supply to skeletal muscle |
DE102007016715A1 (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2008-10-09 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Nutritional supplement containing alpha-keto acids |
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