EP2413078A1 - Methode zur Kontrolle eines luftgekühlten Kondensators für ein Stromkraftwerk mit optimisiertem Management der Transitionsphasen und ein Stromkraftwerk - Google Patents

Methode zur Kontrolle eines luftgekühlten Kondensators für ein Stromkraftwerk mit optimisiertem Management der Transitionsphasen und ein Stromkraftwerk Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2413078A1
EP2413078A1 EP11175887A EP11175887A EP2413078A1 EP 2413078 A1 EP2413078 A1 EP 2413078A1 EP 11175887 A EP11175887 A EP 11175887A EP 11175887 A EP11175887 A EP 11175887A EP 2413078 A1 EP2413078 A1 EP 2413078A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fans
speed
speed value
state
condenser
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EP11175887A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2413078B1 (de
Inventor
Pietro Gruppi
Enrico Repetto
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Ansaldo Energia SpA
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Ansaldo Energia SpA
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Priority to PL11175887T priority Critical patent/PL2413078T3/pl
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B11/00—Controlling arrangements with features specially adapted for condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling an air-cooled condenser of an electric power generation plant with optimized management of state transitions and to an electric power generation plant.
  • a combined cycle plant comprises at least one gas turbine and a steam turbine, one or more electric generators, a recovery boiler and a condenser.
  • the recovery boiler receives hot exhaust gases from the gas turbine and utilizes them for producing steam in appropriate conditions to be supplied to different sections (high, medium and low pressure) of the steam turbine.
  • the condenser is generally of the air type (ACC, Air-Cooled Condenser) and condenses the steam deriving from the steam turbine or from by-pass systems with which steam turbines are normally provided, transferring the remaining air (non-condensable gases) into the atmosphere.
  • ACC Air-Cooled Condenser
  • An air-cooled condenser typically comprises a plurality of tube bundle lines, in which the steam flows, and a plurality of fans, organized as a matrix in rows and columns and arranged so as to cool the steam flowing through the tube bundles.
  • the major fraction (about 90%) of the steam is condensed into tube bundles by fans belonging to primary modules and then collected, by gravity, into a collection tank. The condensate will then be taken from the collection tank thorugh extraction pumps and sent to the recovery boiler.
  • the remaining fraction (about 10%) of the steam is condensed in tube bundles cooled by fans belonging to sub modules ("dephlegmators") and the residual air (non-condensable gases) is conveyed to an air extraction system, to be evacuated into the atmosphere.
  • the cooling action required of the condenser naturally varies depending both on the power supplied by the plant (electrical load), and the environmental conditions (pressure and temperature).
  • the intensity of the cooling depends on the number of fans and by their speed, which must be properly controlled.
  • the fans in particular, can be switched off or operated at constant speed, selected in a set of values.
  • the monitoring operations are critical, however, due to the high power absorbed by each fan (often several tens of kilowatts). Turning on a fan, for example, involves the absorption of a high current peak, as well as the increase or decrease of speed. It is possible therefore that overloads may occur for the medium/low voltage transformers that power the motors of the fans. Other important aspects to consider are the proper demagnetization of the motors while changing speeds and the coupling among the mechanical parts of the motor gear unit in the transition from high to low speed.
  • the aim of the present invention is therefore to provide a control method for an air-cooled condenser of an electric power generation plant and an electric power generation plant that allows efficient and secure state transition management of the condenser.
  • a combined cycle plant for generating electric power comprises a gas turbine assembly 2, a steam turbine 3, two alternators, 4, 5, respectively, coupled to the gas turbine 2 and the steam turbine 3, a recovery boiler 7, which operates as a steam generator, a condenser 8, an acquisition module 9 and a control device 10.
  • the gas turbine assembly 2 comprises a compressor 11, which draws a flow rate of air from outside through an intake duct not shown, a combustion chamber 12 and a gas turbine 13, coupled to the combustion chamber 12 for receivig and expanding a flow rate of exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas of gas turbine 2 are conveyed towards the recovery boiler 7 and are used for producing steam.
  • the steam turbine 3 which in the described example comprises a high pressure section 3a and a medium-low pressure section 3b, receives high pressure and low-medium pressure steam flow rates from the recovery boiler 7 and provides a steam flow rate to the condenser 8 through the exhaust of medium-low pressure section 3b and through a by-pass system of a known type and not shown here for simplicity.
  • the condenser 8 is of the air type (forced ventilation). Through a controlled flow of forced cooling air, the condenser 8 cools the steam received by the steam turbine, causing condensation. The flow of cooling air is determined by the control device 10.
  • the condensed steam is conveyed to a storage tank 15 and then withdrawn by condensate extraction pumps 16 to be fed again to the recovery boiler 7.
  • the control device 10 has a plurality of processing units, assigned respectively, to the gas turbine control group 2, to the steam turbine 3, and to the condenser 8 and cooperating with each other to regulate the power delivered by the plant 1.
  • the processing units 18, 19 for the control of the gas turbine 2 and of the steam turbine 3 are of a known type and will not be described in detail.
  • a further processing unit 20, in charge of the control of the condenser 8, receives from the acquisition module 9 a pressure signal P A , indicative of the absolute pressure at the inlet of the condenser 8 and uses it to determine and set appropriate conditions for the condenser 8.
  • P A indicative of the absolute pressure at the inlet of the condenser 8 and uses it to determine and set appropriate conditions for the condenser 8.
  • the structure of the processing unit 20 and the methods of management of the operating conditions of the condenser 8 will be later described in detail.
  • FIGS 2-4 illustrate in simplified form the condenser 8, which comprises a base 21 and a plurality of fans F 11 , F 12 , ..., F 1N' F 21 , F 22 , ..., F 2N , F M1 , F M2 , ..., F MN (designated in synthesis for this purpose by way of the symbol F IJ ), supported by the base 21.
  • the fans F IJ are disposed as a matrix and are grouped into M side by side lines, also known as "paths" ST 1 , ST 2 , ..., ST M , of each N fans (for example 7 paths of 6 fans).
  • Tube bundles 22 (which are shown in Figure 4 are only hatch indicated, for simplicity), are traversed by the steam coming from the steam turbine 3 and are arranged along respective paths ST 1 , ST 2 , ..., ST M , in order to receive air from the fans F IJ .
  • the fans F IJ are driven by respective motors M 11 , M 12 , ..., M 1N , N 21 , M 22 , ..., M 2N , M M1 , M M2 , ..., M MN (schematically illustrated in Figure 5 and designated in synthesis for this purpose by way of the symbol M IJ ), which are in turn supplied by transformers of medium voltage/low voltage.
  • M IJ there are two transformers 24, 25.
  • the motors M IJ of fans F IJ in odd-positions in respective paths S I are supplied by the transformer 24; and the motors M IJ of fans F IJ in even-positions in respective paths are supplied by the transformer 25.
  • the processing unit 20 assigned to the control of the condenser 8 comprises a reference generator module 26, a subtractor node 27, a state management module 28, a memory module 29 and a drive module 30.
  • the reference generator module 26 is programmable in order to provide a reference pressure value P R , indicative of a target steam pressure obtainable at entrance to the condenser 8.
  • the pressure error E P is supplied to the state management module 28 and used here for determining and changing the operating conditions of the fans F IJ .
  • the operating conditions of the fans F IJ are encoded using a table 31 contained in the memory module 29 and illustrated by way of example in Figure 6 .
  • the table 31 has P rows and MxN columns. Each row of the table 31 defines one of H available states S 1 , ..., S P (in synthesis S K ) of the condenser 8, i.e. a particular configuration of operating conditions of the fans F IJ . Instead, the columns of table 31 define the operating conditions of respective fans F IJ in each state. Therefore, each cell defines the operating conditions of a specific fan F IJ in a specific state of the condenser 8.
  • Each fan F IJ can be selectively placed in one of a plurality of operating conditions, which comprise a state of isolation (wherein the fan stopped and the line of tube bundles is intercepted by specific isolation valves, in order to reduce the heat-exchange surface in winter conditions and to avoid, therefore, the formation of ice in the tubes), a condition of natural convection (fan stopped) and a plurality of speed values R 1 , ..., R Q (for example, expressed in revolutions per minute).
  • the fans F IJ are operable at a low speed R 1 and at a high speed R 2 .
  • the low speed R 1 is equal to 75% of the high speed R 2 .
  • the state management module 28 determines in which state S K the condenser 8 must be reached or maintained.
  • a signal indicative of the selected state S K is sent to the drive module 30, which controls the motors M IJ of the fans F IJ accordingly.
  • the drive module 30 manages the transition to the state S K in order to avoid overloading for the transformers 24, 25 and problems connected with demagnetization of motors M IJ .
  • the procedure performed by the state management module 28 is based on the verification of conditions on the pressure error value E P , on its integral I and on the derivative of the absolute pressure P A (represented by way of example in Figure 8 ). If neither of the conditions are verified, the state management module 28 determines a state change in order to increase or decrease the cooling action of the condenser 8.
  • the parameters ⁇ L1 , ⁇ H1 respectively negative and positive, define in practice a dead band B E around the value zero for the pressure error E P (or, in a completely equivalent way, around the reference pressure value P R for the absolute pressure P A ) and are preferably programmable.
  • the integration constant K I determines the rapidity of response of the state management module 28 and is calibratable, while the parameters TH L and TH H are respectively a negative threshold and a positive threshold and set a dead band B I around the value zero for the integral I.
  • a current state S K is selected and the state management module 28 performs a test on the condition C 1 until this is verified (block 100, silicon exit).
  • the state control module 28 initializes an integrator ( Figure 7 , block 105) which calculates the integral I (block 110).
  • the test on the condition C 1 (block 115) is then executed once again. If the condition C 1 is verified (block 115, exit YES), the procedure starts again from block 100, otherwise (block 115, exit NO) the state management module 28 performs a test on the condition C 2 , to check if the integral I is comprised between the negative threshold TH L and the positive threshold TH H ( Figure 7 , block 120, Figure 8 ). If affirmative ( Figure 7 , block 120, exit YES), the value of the integral I is updated (block 110) and the test on the condition C 1 (block 115) is repeated.
  • the state control module 28 performs a test on the concordance between the sign of the pressure error E P and the sign of the derivative of the absolute pressure P A (block 125). If the pressure error E P and the derivative of the absolute pressure P A are both positive (block 125, exit YES), the state control module 28 selects a new state S K ', to which corresponds a higher cooling action of the condenser 8 compared to the current status S K (block 130). In this case, in fact, the absolute pressure P A is greater than the reference pressure P R and is increasing (positive derivative). Therefore, also the magnitude of the pressure error E P grows and it is necessary to increase heat dispersion by way of increased ventilation. The magnitude of the cooling action is determined by the number of active fans F IJ and their speed.
  • the state control module 28 performs an additional test on the concordance between the sign of the pressure error E P and the sign of the derivative of the absolute pressure P A (block 135).
  • the state control module 28 selects a new state S K ' , which corresponds to a lower cooling action of the condenser 8 (block 140).
  • the absolute pressure P A is in fact lesser than the reference pressure P R and is also diminishing (negative derivative). Therefore, the amplitude (absolute value) of the pressure error E P grows and is necessary to reduce the heat dispersion by way of lesser ventilation.
  • the state management module 28 inhibits the updating of the integral until the transition to the new state S K ' is completed (block 145). Therefore, the updating of the integral I is once again permitted, and the procedure ends.
  • the drive module 30 receives a request to modify the state of the condenser 8 switching to state S K ', to which corresponds a different cooling action, and acts upon the fans F IJ in order to bring them under the operating conditions corresponding to the state S K '.
  • the procedure to actuate the change of state is performed as shown in Figure 9 .
  • the drive module 30 Upon receipt of the request to bring the condenser 8 from the current state S K to the new state S K ' (block 200), the drive module 30 selects the fans F IJ whose operating conditions must be modified (block 205) and determines the order for intervention upon the selected fans F IJ (block 210).
  • the selection can be simply made by comparing the rows of the table 31 of Figure 6 corresponding to the states S K and S K '. Similarly, the final operating conditions are determined for each fan that has to change modes.
  • the order of intervention upon the fans F IJ is however preferably determined so as to turn on the first fans belonging to the secondary modules ("dephlegmators") of the condenser 8 with respect to those belonging to primary modules and in general maintaining as much as possible the heat exchange conditions uniform throughout the entire condenser 8.
  • first to be modified is the speed of fans F IJ placed in even positions in the central paths ST 1 , ST 2 , ..., ST M and gradually the others.
  • the drive module 30 puts them in function in sequence according to the speed shown in Table 31. More specifically, the drive module 30 simultaneously starts groups of no more than N MAX of fans F IJ and interpose a start-up time range T S between the start of a group of fans F IJ and the next (N MAX is the maximum number of fans F IJ that can be started at the same time without overloading the transformers 24, 25).
  • the drive module 30 then intervenes upon the already active fans F IJ , the speed R 1 , ..., R L of which needs to be changed.
  • a number of fans F IJ not greater than N MAX are stopped (block 220), while the others remain functioning in unchanged operating conditions.
  • the stopped fans F IJ are reactivated at a speed R 1 , ..., R L required in the new state S K ' (block 230).
  • the rest time T R can be shorter when a transition of a fan F IJ is required at a higher speed R 1 , ..., R L than a transition at a lower speed R 1 , ..., R L .
  • the rest time is related to the demagnetization time of motors M IJ , so as to allow the correct demagnetization.
  • the drive module 30 notifies the state management module 28 that the transition to the new state S K ' has been completed (block 240) .
  • block 235, exit NO a new group of no more than N MAX fans F IJ and is stopped (block 220) to be restarted at a speed R 1 , ..., R L provided for the new state S K ' (block 230), after the rest time T R (block 225) elapses.
  • a group of fans F IJ are started at a predefined speed, another group of fans F IJ are stopped.
  • the start-up and shutdown steps of these groups of fans F IJ may be substantially simultaneous.
  • Figure 10 shows a procedure used by the state management module 28 in an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • a safety band B S is defined around the value of the reference pressure P R , comprising and being wider than the dead band B E (see also Figure 8 ).
  • the state management module 28 cyclically monitors the condition C 1 (block 100).
  • the control module 28 initializes the integrator (block 105) and performs a test on the condition C 0 (block 150).
  • the value of the integration constant K I is determined by the outcome of the test.
  • an initial value of integration K IL is assigned to the integration constant K I (block 155), if the condition C 0 is verified (block 150, exit YES), and a second value of integration K IH (block 160), greater than the first value of integration K IL , is assigned otherwise (block 150, exit NO) .
  • Figure 11 illustrates a procedure performed by the state management module 28 in a further embodiment of the invention. Also in this case, a test is executed on the condition C 0 as defined above (block 175), after the integrator is initialized (block 105). If the absolute pressure P A is within the safety band B S (block 175, exit YES), the procedure continues as described with reference to Figure 9 , with the tests on conditions C1, C2 and on the concordance of sign of the pressure error E P and derivative of the absolute pressure P A (blocks 115, 120, 125, 135). If, on the contrary, the absolute pressure P A exceeds the security band B S (Block 175, exit NO), a new state S K ' is immediately selected, depending on whether the pressure error E P is positive or negative.
  • the state control module 28 selects a new state S K ', which corresponds to a higher cooling action of the condenser 8 (block 130). If instead the pressure error E P is negative (block 180, exit NO), the state control module 28 selects a new state S K ' , which corresponds to a lower cooling action of the condenser 8 (block 140).
  • the invention can be advantageously applied to any type of plant based on a steam turbine, such as plants in a "single-shaft” configuration (with gas turbine and steam turbine coupled to the same shaft), and in a "2+1" configuration (with two gas turbines).
  • the steam turbine may have medium pressure and low pressure separated sections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP11175887.6A 2010-07-28 2011-07-28 Methode zur Kontrolle eines luftgekühlten Kondensator für ein Stromkraftwerk mit optimisiertes Management der Transitionsphasen und ein Stromkraftwerk Active EP2413078B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11175887T PL2413078T3 (pl) 2010-07-28 2011-07-28 Sposób sterowania skraplaczem chłodzonym powietrzem w elektrowni, z optymalnym zarządzaniem przejściami stanów i elektrownia

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI2010A001396A IT1401151B1 (it) 2010-07-28 2010-07-28 Metodo per il controllo di un condensatore ad aria di un impianto per la produzione di energia elettrica con gestione ottimizzata delle transizioni di stato e impianto per la produzione di energia elettrica

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EP2413078A1 true EP2413078A1 (de) 2012-02-01
EP2413078B1 EP2413078B1 (de) 2013-06-26

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IT (1) IT1401151B1 (de)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11150036B2 (en) * 2016-08-24 2021-10-19 Spg Dry Cooling Belgium Induced draft air-cooled condenser

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3289742A (en) * 1962-09-19 1966-12-06 Niemann Johann Christoph Air cooled surface condenser and method of operating the same
US4045961A (en) * 1974-09-09 1977-09-06 The Lummus Company Control of freezing in air-cooled steam condensers
EP0004448A1 (de) * 1978-03-23 1979-10-03 Armstrong Engineering Limited Methode und Einrichtung für die Reglung eines Kühlsystems
GB2135206A (en) * 1983-02-14 1984-08-30 Hudson Products Corp Steam condenser
JPS6115096A (ja) * 1984-06-29 1986-01-23 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 空冷式熱交換器の運転制御方式

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3289742A (en) * 1962-09-19 1966-12-06 Niemann Johann Christoph Air cooled surface condenser and method of operating the same
US4045961A (en) * 1974-09-09 1977-09-06 The Lummus Company Control of freezing in air-cooled steam condensers
EP0004448A1 (de) * 1978-03-23 1979-10-03 Armstrong Engineering Limited Methode und Einrichtung für die Reglung eines Kühlsystems
GB2135206A (en) * 1983-02-14 1984-08-30 Hudson Products Corp Steam condenser
JPS6115096A (ja) * 1984-06-29 1986-01-23 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 空冷式熱交換器の運転制御方式

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11150036B2 (en) * 2016-08-24 2021-10-19 Spg Dry Cooling Belgium Induced draft air-cooled condenser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITMI20101396A1 (it) 2012-01-29
EP2413078B1 (de) 2013-06-26
IT1401151B1 (it) 2013-07-12
PL2413078T3 (pl) 2014-01-31

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