EP2410240A1 - Optische vorrichtung für eine led-glühlampe - Google Patents

Optische vorrichtung für eine led-glühlampe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2410240A1
EP2410240A1 EP09841779A EP09841779A EP2410240A1 EP 2410240 A1 EP2410240 A1 EP 2410240A1 EP 09841779 A EP09841779 A EP 09841779A EP 09841779 A EP09841779 A EP 09841779A EP 2410240 A1 EP2410240 A1 EP 2410240A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
optical device
leds
prisms
luminary
face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09841779A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2410240A4 (de
Inventor
Jesús MARTÍNEZ PORTERO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SYLMAYEN TECNOLOGY, S.L.
Original Assignee
Fediel System S L
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fediel System S L filed Critical Fediel System S L
Publication of EP2410240A1 publication Critical patent/EP2410240A1/de
Publication of EP2410240A4 publication Critical patent/EP2410240A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
    • F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
    • F21V13/04—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being reflectors and refractors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/02—Refractors for light sources of prismatic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
    • F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/24—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by the material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/08—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard
    • F21S8/085—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light
    • F21S8/086—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation with a standard of high-built type, e.g. street light with lighting device attached sideways of the standard, e.g. for roads and highways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/0091—Reflectors for light sources using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2131/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems not provided for in codes F21W2102/00-F21W2121/00
    • F21W2131/10—Outdoor lighting
    • F21W2131/103—Outdoor lighting of streets or roads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
    • F21Y2105/10—Planar light sources comprising a two-dimensional array of point-like light-generating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical device for an LED luminaire lamp, and specifically to luminaires having a set of LEDs forming rows and columns on a flat supporting plate.
  • the optical device of the invention is suitable for both outdoor use, as in streets, and for indoor use, as in households.
  • Luminaires are devices designed to supply artificial light by means of a light source consisting in a lamp.
  • Luminaires intended for street lighting, and more generally outdoor lighting normally consist of a lamp mounted on a luminaire attached to the upper end of a mast or support, placed at a sufficient height.
  • This type of illumination must comply with stringent regulations on lighting quality, and specifically those related to luminous flux, luminescence, surface area illuminated, uniformity of luminescence of said area and glare of the light source.
  • a luminaire intended for illuminating a street must illuminate a substantially rectangular area on the floor of about 24 x 6 meters, with an illumination level greater than 10 lux, for example, with a relatively uniform luminescence in said area.
  • Luminaires are known with a light source formed by one or several incandescent lamps. These types of lamps consume a lot of power to provide only average illumination quality, at a high maintenance cost.
  • LEDs are nowadays considered to be an advantageous alternative for reducing electric power consumption and increasing the lifetime of these illumination devices.
  • LED-based luminaires allow precise illumination by controlling the amount of light emitted.
  • LEDs provide a large illumination angle, which means that the light is diffused greatly and that there are many losses in an application meant to illuminate an area distant from the light source obtained by LEDs. For this reason, LEDs are generally used with means for concentrating the light beams in order to unite the light beams in a maximum light intensity point that is oriented towards the area to be illuminated.
  • Another drawback of this type of lighting devices refers to the luminous power of LEDs, which is relatively weak. For this reason, it is necessary to combine several LEDs to obtain a luminous power equivalent to that of an incandescent lamp, for example. Normally, the LEDs are combined by grouping them in rows or luminous points with three LEDs.
  • LED luminaires are generally used in orientable illumination applications, such that the light beam can be oriented to illuminate a specific area, such as a reading spotlight in a vehicle, or a spotlight used in a theatre.
  • the lamps are combined with optical devices meant to obtain an optimum illumination by processing the light beams emitted by each LED.
  • LED luminaires using LEDs as light sources
  • street lighting which comprise LEDs or bars of LEDs joined to a support that allows orienting the light beams of the LEDs in a direction to illuminate or light a specific area.
  • a first illumination device or luminaire as explained above is known, described in patent WO-98/33007 , which comprises several LEDs and means for processing the light beams emitted by said LEDs, in order to improve the distribution of the light beams on the area to illuminate.
  • This document proposes an arrangement of the LEDs along different directions on an inclined support, and foresees means for processing the light beam using concentration and refraction means for each LED.
  • a second illumination device comprising several LEDs, a curved support having a housing for each LED and means for processing the light beams emitted by the LEDs, formed by reflection and refraction means for each LED.
  • the orientation of the light beams of the LEDs along the direction of the area to illuminate is achieved by arranging these LEDs on a support with inclined or curved surfaces, a configuration that is quite complex, so that it does not simplify its execution or cooling.
  • a third known device comprises a flat support provided with a group of LEDs disposed in a grid and means for processing the light beams emitted by the LEDs. These means comprise reflection means by inclined slats separating the LED columns and refraction means superimposed on the reflection means.
  • the present invention relates to an optical device for an LED luminaire lamp for processing the light beams emitted by the LEDs, which has a set of LEDs disposed in rows and columns on a flat support plate which comprises:
  • the invention relates to a lamp with an optical device for an LED luminary for treating the light beams emitted by the aforementioned LEDs.
  • the optical device for an LED luminary of the invention allows offering an even luminosity for the area to illuminate, even when the illumination source is considerably distant from the area to illuminate (for example, when it is used for an outdoor lighting luminary).
  • the present invention relates to an optical device (5) for a luminary (10) with LEDs (4) for processing the light beams emitted by the LEDs (4) formed by a first face (5.1) from which emerge a set of luminous flux collectors (5.1.1) in correspondence with each LED (4) and a second face (5.2), located on the part of the optical device (5) opposite to the first face (5.1), from which emerge means for projecting the light beams, which in turn consist of some prisms (5.2.1) and some conical lenses (5.2.2) such that these flux collectors (5.1.1) and said projection means for the light beams are integrated in a single piece, forming the optical device (5).
  • FIG 1 shows, by way of example and in order to place the invention in context, a luminary (10) mounted on a support or mast (12) on the fac ade of a building or in a street, for example.
  • This luminary (10) is composed of a top part (11) formed by a case and a bottom part (13) that can be open or covered by a transparent cover or casing, in order to let through the light emitted by a lamp located inside the casing formed by the top part (11) of the luminary (10).
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an example of the elements forming part of a lamp (1).
  • a lamp is formed by a support (2), a support plate (3) in which the LEDs (4) are placed and an optical device (5) for processing the light beams emitted by the LEDs.
  • the support (2) can be mounted by suitable attachment means to the casing formed by the top part (11) of the luminary (10).
  • the support plate (3) formed by an electronics board consisting of a printed circuit on which the LEDs (4) are attached, arranged to form rows and columns.
  • the supporting plate (3) ensures the power supply and management function for each LED.
  • the LEDs are preferably mounted in series in order to simplify the regulation of its power supply, so that the lamp (1) is powered by grid voltage for most object or place lighting applications.
  • a parallel mounting can be considered.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of the implementation of the LEDs allowing to improve the illumination, particularly when the function is intended for an outdoor application, such as street lighting.
  • this application is not limited to an outdoor lighting application and can be equally valid for an indoor lighting application.
  • the LEDs are arranged in straight lines (7) parallel to a first axis of the support plate (3) corresponding to the direction of the larger dimension of the area to light on the floor, and along symmetrical columns (8) along a second axis (9) of the support plate (3), the LEDs of which are perpendicular to the first axis (6) of the support plate (3).
  • some of the columns (8) have a curvature radius that tends to move the LEDs away from the second axis (9) of the support plate (3), as they are farther from the first axis (6) of the support plate (3).
  • the curvature radius of the columns (8) decreases with the distance between the column (8) and the second axis (9) of the support plate (3).
  • an optical device (5) will be disposed as shown in figure 2 , to process the light beams emitted by the LEDs in order to direct and optimise these beams to achieve an optimal illumination of the area to illuminate.
  • This optical device (5) can be formed by a single part with a first face (5.1), a second face (5.2) and a side wall (5.3), or by joining two parts, such that a first part forms the first face (5.1) of the optical device (5) and a second part forms its second face (5.2) and a side wall (5.3) to simplify the positioning of said optical device (5).
  • Figure 4 shows in detail the optical device (5) object of the invention seen from a first face (5.1) in correspondence with the LEDs (4).
  • each LED (4) is associated to a collector (5.1.1) with its axis aligned with the LED (4).
  • the flux collectors (5.1.1) have a truncated cone configuration, wherein the truncation forms a cavity (5.1.1.1) for housing at least one part of the LED (4).
  • the surface of this cavity (5.1.1.1) is optically polished.
  • collectors (5.1.1) can be, for example, of two different types, both with “X15B and "X24B symmetry of revolution, as shown in detail further below.
  • the optical device (5) is formed by 52 flux collectors (5.1.1), 18 of the “X15B type and 34 of the "X24B type.
  • the centring of the axis of each collector (5.1.1.1) corresponds to the position of each LED (4).
  • each collector (5.1.1) As well as possible, it is possible to foresee means for positioning the optical device (5).
  • These positioning means can consist of a side wall (5.3) that runs along the entire perimeter of the optical device (5), as shown in figure (4 ).
  • Figure 5 shows the optical device (5) of the invention from the face opposite the first face (5.1), this is, a view is shown from the second face (5.2) of the optical device (5).
  • each projection means is in correspondence with a flux collector (5.1.1).
  • the prisms (5.2.1) are disposed such that the point (5.2.1.1) that they define is pointing in the direction opposite the second face (5.2) from which emerge said prisms (5.2.1), this is, the point (5.2.1.1) is pointing towards the outside of the lamp (1) where the light beams are projected out.
  • these prisms Depending on their position, these prisms have different heights and orientations. These two characteristics of the prisms (5.2.1) depend on the intended application of the luminary (10), in order to optimise the illumination provided by the LEDs (4) that form part of the lamp (1) of said luminary (10).
  • the prisms (5.2.1) that emerge from the second face (5.2) of the optical device (5) can be divided into two large groups, a first group of prisms (5.2.10) and a second group of prisms (5.2.100).
  • the second group of prisms (5.2.100) has at least two surfaces with an optical function, a reflection surface (5.2.1.2) and a refraction surface (5.2.1.3).
  • the function of the reflection surfaces is to change the direction of the light beam received from the flux collector (51.1). These surfaces have an optical treatment consisting of an optical polishing.
  • the function of the reflection surfaces (5.2.1.2) is to project the light beam received towards the outside. These surfaces have an optical treatment consisting of polishing.
  • the first group of prisms (5.2.10) only has one surface with a single optical function, specifically a refraction surface (5.2.1.4) with an optical treatment consisting of frosting.
  • the conical lenses (5.2.2) have an optical reflection surface (5.2.2.1).
  • the projection means forming the second face of the optical device (5) are disposed symmetrically to a third axis (20) of the optical device (5).
  • This third axis (20) is located in correspondence with the second axis (9) of the support plate (3) holding the LEDs (4) and the second axis (17) of the optical device (5) located on the first face (5.1) thereof.
  • central columns (c1 nd c2) are defined on either side of the third axis (20) of the optical device (5).
  • These central columns (c1 and c2) have a certain curvature such that, as the separation from the prisms (5.2.1) located on said central columns (c1 and c2) increases with respect to a fourth axis (21) of the optical device which is perpendicular to the third axis (20) of the optical device (5), the separation increases between the prisms (5.2.1) located in the central rows (c1 and c2) and with respect to the third axis (20) of the optical device (5).
  • These two central columns (c1 and c2) are occupied by at least prisms (5.2.1) belonging to the first group of prisms (5.2.10) formed, for a specific configuration, by 5 prisms each.
  • These prisms (5.2.1) of the first group of prisms (5.2.10) have a lower height than that of the prisms (5.2.1) that form part of the second group of prisms (5.2.100).
  • the second group of prisms (5.2.100) is placed after the central columns (c1 and c2) along lateral columns (c3) that also have a certain curvature, in correspondence with the columns (8) along which are disposed the LEDs (4) on the support plate (3).
  • three lateral columns (c3) of prisms (5.2.100) are placed after each of the central columns (c1 and c2), maintaining a symmetrical configuration of the projection means formed in the second face (5.2) of the optical device (5) with respect to the third axis (20) of the optical device (5).
  • These lateral columns (c3) are formed by two first columns closer to the third axis (20), formed by 7 prisms (5.2.100) each and one third column formed by 5 prisms (5.2.100).
  • the central columns (c1 and c2) formed by prisms (5.2.1) corresponding to a first group of prisms (5.2.10) can be occupied in a first end (c1.1, c2.1) of these columns (c1 and c2) and by at least one prism of the second group (5.2.100) and in a second end (c1.2, c2.2) of said central columns (c1, c2) by at least one conical lens (5.2.2), so that the symmetry is maintained with respect to the third axis (20) of the optical device (5).
  • the projection means of the light beams are preferably formed by 50 prisms (5.2.1) placed in correspondence with 50 of the flux collectors (5.1.1) and by 2 conical lenses (5.2.2) placed in correspondence with the remaining 2 flux collectors (5.1.1).
  • the optical device (5) is preferably made of a plastic material, specifically PMMA/PC, and is manufactured by an injection process.
  • Figure 6 shows a detailed view of the optical device (5), in order to represent the path followed by a light beam emitted by an LED (4).
  • the light beam emitted by the LED (4) is oriented by the flux collector (5.1.1), directing it toward the prism (5.2.1), and specifically toward its reflection surface (5.2.1.2), where it changes direction and is projected towards the refraction surface (5.2.1.3) of said prism (5.2.1) through which it is projected towards the outside.
  • figure 7 shows an example of the configuration of a lamp (1) with the optical device (5) of the invention with a cross-section of the optical device (5) along the fourth axis 821) of said optical device (5).
  • the lamp is formed by a support (2) in which is mounted the support plate (3) formed by the printed circuit with the LEDs (4), a mirror support (14) formed by a set of alveoli in correspondence with each LED (4) and finally the optical device (5) of the invention.
  • a protective cover (15) to cover the optical device (5) on the bottom, that is, covering the second face (5.2) of the optical device (5).
  • This protective cover (15) can be convenient as the height of some of the prisms (5.2.1) can act as a dust trap that is hard to clean.
  • the cover (15) should have a suitable radius of curvature and be free of edges that may obstruct the light beam coming from the optical device (5).
  • This protective cover (5) can be made of PC, for example.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Led Device Packages (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Fastening Of Light Sources Or Lamp Holders (AREA)
EP09841779.3A 2009-03-17 2009-11-17 Optische vorrichtung für eine led-glühlampe Withdrawn EP2410240A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200900736A ES2345477B1 (es) 2009-03-17 2009-03-17 Dispositivo optico para lampara de luminaria con led.
PCT/ES2009/070509 WO2010106199A1 (es) 2009-03-17 2009-11-17 Dispositivo óptico para lámpara de luminaria con led

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2410240A1 true EP2410240A1 (de) 2012-01-25
EP2410240A4 EP2410240A4 (de) 2013-08-28

Family

ID=42711634

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09841779.3A Withdrawn EP2410240A4 (de) 2009-03-17 2009-11-17 Optische vorrichtung für eine led-glühlampe

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2410240A4 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0924421A2 (de)
CL (1) CL2009002067A1 (de)
ES (1) ES2345477B1 (de)
MX (1) MX2011009805A (de)
PE (1) PE20100749A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2010106199A1 (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8899776B2 (en) 2012-05-07 2014-12-02 Lighting Science Group Corporation Low-angle thoroughfare surface lighting device
US8899775B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-12-02 Lighting Science Group Corporation Low-angle thoroughfare surface lighting device
US9127818B2 (en) 2012-10-03 2015-09-08 Lighting Science Group Corporation Elongated LED luminaire and associated methods
US9255685B2 (en) 2012-05-03 2016-02-09 Lighting Science Group Corporation Luminaire with prismatic optic
US9255670B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-02-09 Lighting Science Group Corporation Street lighting device for communicating with observers and associated methods
US9322516B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2016-04-26 Lighting Science Group Corporation Luminaire having vented optical chamber and associated methods
US9429294B2 (en) 2013-11-11 2016-08-30 Lighting Science Group Corporation System for directional control of light and associated methods
US9459397B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2016-10-04 Lighting Science Group Corporation Edge lit lighting device
US9644814B2 (en) 2012-05-03 2017-05-09 Lighting Science Group Corporation Luminaire with prismatic optic

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FR2958997B1 (fr) * 2010-04-15 2012-07-06 Force Et Lumiere Electr Soc D Composant et agencement optiques pour un dispositif d'eclairage, en particulier une lanterne de candelabre

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EP1962014A1 (de) * 2007-02-20 2008-08-27 Sekonix Co., Ltd. Beleuchtungsvorrichtung mit Filter und Kondensator für LED-Beleuchtung
FR2913484A1 (fr) * 2007-03-08 2008-09-12 Lyracom Sarl Dispositif d'eclairage a led

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9255685B2 (en) 2012-05-03 2016-02-09 Lighting Science Group Corporation Luminaire with prismatic optic
US9644814B2 (en) 2012-05-03 2017-05-09 Lighting Science Group Corporation Luminaire with prismatic optic
US8899776B2 (en) 2012-05-07 2014-12-02 Lighting Science Group Corporation Low-angle thoroughfare surface lighting device
US9127818B2 (en) 2012-10-03 2015-09-08 Lighting Science Group Corporation Elongated LED luminaire and associated methods
US9353916B2 (en) 2012-10-03 2016-05-31 Lighting Science Group Corporation Elongated LED luminaire and associated methods
US9322516B2 (en) 2012-11-07 2016-04-26 Lighting Science Group Corporation Luminaire having vented optical chamber and associated methods
US9459397B2 (en) 2013-03-12 2016-10-04 Lighting Science Group Corporation Edge lit lighting device
US8899775B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-12-02 Lighting Science Group Corporation Low-angle thoroughfare surface lighting device
US9255670B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-02-09 Lighting Science Group Corporation Street lighting device for communicating with observers and associated methods
US9631780B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-04-25 Lighting Science Group Corporation Street lighting device for communicating with observers and associated methods
US9429294B2 (en) 2013-11-11 2016-08-30 Lighting Science Group Corporation System for directional control of light and associated methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2410240A4 (de) 2013-08-28
CL2009002067A1 (es) 2010-03-26
WO2010106199A1 (es) 2010-09-23
ES2345477B1 (es) 2011-09-23
PE20100749A1 (es) 2010-12-03
BRPI0924421A2 (pt) 2016-01-26
MX2011009805A (es) 2012-01-19
ES2345477A1 (es) 2010-09-23

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