EP2409005A1

EP2409005A1 - Method and apparatus for oiling rotating or oscillating components

Info

Publication number: EP2409005A1
Application number: EP10713597A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Frank Will
Original assignee: Ino8 Pty Ltd
Current assignee: Ino8 Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2009-03-19
Filing date: 2010-03-19
Publication date: 2012-01-25
Anticipated expiration: 2030-03-19
Also published as: CN102356217B; EP2409005B1; AU2010224799A1; DE102009013943A1; US20120006622A1; WO2010106179A1; US8978613B2; CN102356217A; JP2012520965A; AU2010224799B2; JP5656970B2

Abstract

A method for heating a lubricating system. At low temperatures, lubricating oil has a high viscosity which requires more energy to be overcome than at higher temperatures. The novel method speeds up the heating behavior and thereby reduces the energy requirement of lubricating systems. The invention relates to a method for heating lubricating systems (16), in particular for combustion engines (30) or transmissions, preferably automatic transmissions, comprising at least one oil suction tube (2) which is disposed in an oil sump (1) and an oil bypass line (23) bypassing the oil return lines (19). A bypass valve (17) is disposed in the oil bypass line (23). The oil bypass line (23) and/or at least one of the oil return lines (19) is connected to the suction line of an oil pump (3) and the pressure line of a lubricating system (16) and, during use, runs in a combustion engine (30), preferably through at least one cylinder head (12), a cylinder block (15), or a turbocharger (24), and during use in a transmission it preferably runs through at least one heat exchanger (8) of the combustion engine (30) and/or through at least one electrical heating element. When a defined limit temperature is no longer met and a defined minimum pressure of the lubricating oil in the pressure line of the lubricating system (16) is exceeded, the bypass valve (17) is opened at least partially, so that a partial flow of the lubricating oil does not flow through the oil sump (1) during the warm-up phase of the lubricating system (16). The lubricating oil flowing through the oil bypass line (23) and/or at least one of the oil return lines (19) is heated by a heat exchanger (8). The method is particularly suited for quickly heating combustion engines and transmissions in motor vehicles.

Description

title

Method and device for oil lubrication of rotating or oscillating components

description

The invention relates to a method for heating a lubrication system of rotating or oscillating components, in particular for an internal combustion engine or a transmission, with at least one Ölsaugrohr, which is arranged in an oil sump and with the oil return bypass bypass line, wherein in the bypass line, a valve is arranged ,

State of the art

DE 27 53 716 relates to a warm air-emitting heater for powered by an internal combustion engine motor vehicles, acted upon by atmospheric air heat exchanger for a heat transfer flowing in a line circuit heat carrier and also in the line circuit turned on, exhaust heat of the engine receiving and emitting to the heat transfer heat exchanger , The line circuit for the heat carrier of the heater is at least with the lubricating oil circuit Internal combustion engine in heat-conducting connection. Here, a heat transfer to the lubricating oil in a dry sump tank is achieved in that heat is discharged through a flowing in a flow line heat transfer to the befindlicher in the dry sump tank Schmierö l.

GB 2 381 576 A discloses an exhaust gas heat

Recovery device with a heat exchanger line and a bypass line. In the region of the heat exchanger line, a heat exchanger is arranged. At least one valve device is provided in the heat exchanger line and / or the bypass line in order to influence an exhaust gas flow rate in the heat exchanger line. At least the heat exchanger line has a gradient in an exhaust gas flow direction in the installed position.

EP 0 885 758 B1 relates to a method for operating a heat exchanger in the exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine for motor vehicles, in which the exhaust gas stream can be divided into a main line and into a bypass line. The heat exchanger is arranged in the bypass line. In a warm-up operation, a backflow can be generated in the main line, which causes a back pressure at the exhaust gas outlet of the internal combustion engine. The warm-up operation is divided into two phases, wherein in the first phase, a higher back pressure than in the second phase is generated. A first valve is disposed in the main conduit between the bypass conduit ports, with a second valve disposed in the bypass conduit downstream of the heat exchanger. In the first phase, both valves are closed, wherein in the second phase, the first valve is closed, but the second valve is open.

EP 0 202 344 describes a tank truck for transporting liquid goods, wherein a medium flowing along the outside of the tank releases heat to the tank contents. The medium is a heat transfer oil and flows in the circuit through at least one of the hot exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine of the tank semitrailer. flowed heat exchangers. To reduce a pollutant content of the combustion gases, a catalyst through which the combustion gases flow is arranged in front of the heat exchanger.

DE 199 08 088 A1 relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine, for a vehicle, with a passenger compartment heating device, an exhaust pipe, a coolant line forming a cooling circuit with a first pump to which the internal combustion engine is connected, and Exhaust gas heat exchanger for transferring exhaust heat to a heating heat exchanger. The exhaust gas heat exchanger is effective between the exhaust pipe and a circulation medium line, which forms a circulation circuit to which the heating heat exchanger is connected directly or indirectly.

However, DE 199 08 088 A1 also relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine being connected to a first bypass branching off from the coolant line, in which a first thermostatic valve is arranged, which moves the first bypass until it reaches a middle one Coolant temperature largely locks and opens above this coolant temperature. In a parallel to the first bypass extending second bypass, a second thermostatic valve is arranged, which largely blocks the second bypass above the average cooling temperature.

DE 100 47 810 Al relates to a heating circuit with an auxiliary heating device for motor vehicles with internal combustion engine, which is part of a separate short-circuit, which is switchable by means of a switching device in the heating circuit. As auxiliary heater, an exhaust system of the engine of the motor vehicle is used, from which the exhaust heat is transferred into the heating circuit. The exhaust heat supply is at a heat demand of the interior heating below exhaust gas exhaust heat supply by motori- see measures liftable. However, DE 100 47 810 A1 also relates to a method for operating a heating circuit with an auxiliary heating device for motor vehicles with an internal combustion engine, designed as an exhaust gas heat exchanger through which the engine exhaust gas and coolant flow. To increase the heating power of the additional heater, the engine operating parameters can be influenced.

EP 1 094 214 A2 relates to a heat recovery system having a circulation passage in which a heat transfer medium circulates through an engine cooling unit, and an exhaust heat exchanger for utilizing the exhaust gases of an engine and a passage connecting an outlet side of the circulation passage to an exit of the heat exchanger. The exhaust gas heat exchanger is disposed across the circulation passage at a side upstream of the engine cooling unit. The heat transfer medium introduced into the exhaust gas heat exchanger is brought to a lower temperature sufficient to lower a temperature of the water vapor contained in the exhaust gas stream from which heat is transferred to the heat transfer medium about its dew point to lower.

In an internal combustion engine, fuel consumption during a NEDC tests in the cold state (starting temperature of about 24 ⁰ C) is about 10 to 15% higher than for the same test with an engine oil temperature at a start of approximately 90 ⁰ C, the so-called NEDC -Heißtest. Among other things, this is due to the fact that the lubricating oil has a higher toughness at lower temperatures and that the fuel is condensed on cylinder walls and introduced into the engine oil. In addition, measures are taken to heat the catalyst faster, these are z. As a retardation of the ignition, raising the idle speed and enrichment with Sekundärlufteinblasung. In addition, the majority of the emitted exhaust emissions during the cold start phase of the internal combustion engine, if the catalyst has not yet reached the required operating temperature. At the same time, a Most of the energy supplied unused as exhaust enthalpy dissipated. This is a total of about 30 to 40% of the energy of the fuel supplied.

It is known to improve the warm-up phase of the engine by using exhaust gas heat exchangers which in a complicated manner heat up the engine oil and reduce the oil pressure. On the other hand, it is a problem to protect the engine, in particular the engine oil in this heating from overheating. Therefore, additional high performance oil coolers are used. The known solutions are very complex and only lead to a relatively small reduction in fuel consumption, so that for economic reasons, the practical implementation is usually not realized.

task

The invention is based on the object of improving an internal combustion engine or a transmission, in particular an automatic transmission of the type mentioned at the outset, by simple means such that the engine oil is accelerated to operating temperature in the cold start phase or in the warmup phase, so that both a reduced

Fuel consumption and reduced pollutant emissions are achieved, with overheating of the engine oil is to be avoided.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in that an oil return line bypassing oil bypass line is connected to the suction line of an oil pump and the pressure line of a lubrication system, the oil bypass line in the case of an internal combustion engine preferably by at least one cylinder head and / or cylinder block and / or at least one Turbocharger and in the case of a transmission preferably by at least one heat exchanger of the internal combustion engine and / or at least one heating element runs, and that falls below a certain limit temperature and when exceeding a certain minimum pressure of the lubricating oil in the printing line tion of the lubrication system, a bypass valve in the oil bypass line is at least partially opened, so that a partial flow of the lubricating oil in a warm-up phase of the lubrication system does not flow through the oil sump until either the minimum pressure or the limit temperature are reached.

By returning the lubricating oil directly to the oil pump, the oil in the lubrication system heats up faster. Furthermore, the pressure loss of the lubrication system to be overcome decreases since the oil flowing back through the oil bypass line does not flow through the oil sump. Since the oil of the bypass line is preferably passed through the cylinder block and / or cylinder head, at an at least partial opening of the bypass valve, which can be arranged in or on the cylinder head or cylinder block, an increased oil volume flow can be achieved at low temperatures, so that the oil more waste heat can record.

As a result, a reduced friction is achieved in the warm-up phase, since the lubricating oil is led faster to operating temperature and the pressure losses are reduced.

The heating method of the lubricating system according to the invention can be used advantageously both in motor vehicles with automatic transmissions, as well as in motor vehicles with manual transmissions and serve both for lubrication of the engine as an internal combustion engine and for lubricating the gear unit. In hybrid vehicles, which include both an internal combustion engine and an electric drive unit, the heating method can be used for rapid heating of an electric motor / generator unit, which achieve optimum efficiency only at elevated temperatures, and also lubricate the electromotive moving components. In these cases, waste heat from the electrical energy storage unit (rechargeable battery / battery) and / or the inverter can advantageously heat oil in the bypass line, thereby heating the electric motor / generator unit or lubricate this and a downstream transmission improved. In automatic transmissions, as in the internal combustion engine, an oil bypass line can be arranged, which contains a heat exchanger, via which additional heat is introduced into the transmission oil in the heating phase in order to reduce friction.

The invention can be applied in all types of internal combustion engine driven equipment and vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, construction machinery, ships, boats, aircraft and mobile and stationary work equipment and devices, power plants such as emergency generators and the like. In particular, in short-term use and with varying workloads, the invention enables optimum lubrication to reduce friction between the moving parts, thus increasing the longevity of the machine, reducing the noise level, achieving higher efficiency, achieving higher power output, delivering lower exhaust emissions, and costs can be saved.

Favorable in the context of the invention, it is when the length of the oil line of the lubrication system from the output of the oil pump to the entry into the oil bypass line at least 80% of the maximum length of the oil line of the lubrication system from the output of the oil pump to the farthest to be lubricated device is. As a result, the lubricating oil flowing through the oil bypass line can heat better. It is particularly advantageous that the lubricating oil mass flow through the oil bypass line is at least temporarily greater than the lubricating oil mass flow through the oil suction pipe and the oil sump. In this case, the total mass flow flowing through the lubricating system is heated faster than without oil bypass line.

It is also expedient if the oil bypass line is arranged in the same housing, in which at least one of the devices to be lubricated are arranged, so that the back-flowing lubricating oil can additionally heat up. It is particularly advantageous if one or several of the oil returns are connected directly to the suction line of an oil pump.

It is also advantageous in the context of the invention if the oil bypass line consists of a heat-insulating material with a heat conductivity of less than 1 W / (m * K) in order to reduce the heat transfer to the environment during the backflow, in particular there, where the oil bypass line is not passed through the device to be lubricated.

In order to further accelerate the warming up of the oil and to further reduce the pressure loss of the lubricating system, it is favorable if at least one of the lubricating oil return lines arranged downstream of the devices to be lubricated is connected to the oil bypass line, one of the lubricating oil return lines connected to the oil bypass line being part of an exhaust gas turbocharger is.

Since at different loads and speeds different lubricating oil pressures are required to ensure adequate lubrication and to avoid damage to the components to be lubricated, it is favorable in the context of the invention, when the bypass valve is closed in the oil bypass line as soon as a predetermined speed or a Speed or torque or force of the components to be lubricated exceeds a predetermined limit.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lubricating oil flowing through the oil bypass line is heated by a heat exchanger. In order to additionally accelerate the heating of the lubricating oil, it is advantageous if the heat exchanger for heating the lubricating oil is flowed through by the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine downstream of a catalytic converter. At this time, the exhaust gas flowing through the heat exchanger flows upstream through a valve. This valve is closed as soon as a specified limit temperature of the Is exhaust gas is achieved to prevent coking of the lubricating oil in the heat exchanger.

In order to reduce the combustion temperature and thus also the nitrogen oxide emissions of the internal combustion engine, flowing through the heat exchanger exhaust flows as exhaust gas recirculation downstream in the sense of the invention through a valve in the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, wherein the valve is at least partially closed as soon as a predetermined limit temperature of Is reached exhaust gas or as soon as a predetermined volume flow of the exhaust gas recirculation is achieved. In this case, the exhaust gas is cooled by the heat exchanger, which has a further reduction in the combustion temperature result, so that it can be dispensed with the use of an additional cooler for exhaust gas recirculation.

It is expedient for the purposes of the invention if the exhaust gas flowing parallel to the heat exchanger of the internal combustion engine flows through another valve and that this valve is at least partially closed at times to increase the exhaust gas flow and thus the heat transfer in the heat exchanger.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a further heat exchanger and a further valve is arranged downstream of the oil pump for cooling, wherein this valve is at least partially opened when a predetermined limit value for the lubricating oil temperature is exceeded or not reached. In one embodiment, the heat exchanger is flowed through by a cooling medium, such as ambient oil or cooling liquid, in order to cool the lubricating oil. In another embodiment, this heat exchanger is flowed through by the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine in order to heat the lubricating oil and reduce the friction. It is advantageous if a further valve is arranged in the lubricating oil line parallel to the heat exchanger and the valve. This valve is at least partially closed when a predetermined limit value for the lubricating oil temperature exceeded or fallen short of. It is expedient in this case also if this heat exchanger is arranged in the circuit for cabin heating or in the circuit for heating or cooling of an electric battery.

For controlling oil pressure and oil temperature, it is favorable in the context of the invention, when a control unit controls the opening cross section of the various valves, and if sensors for detecting the lubricating oil pressure, the lubricating oil temperature, the exhaust gas temperature, the rotational speed, the load and / or the coolant temperature with the Regular unit are connected.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the lubrication system, the exhaust pipe and the intake manifold are part of an internal combustion engine.

Favorable for the purposes of the invention is also when at least a part of the lubrication system is arranged in a transmission which is connected to the internal combustion engine and the internal combustion engine and the transmission are part of a motor vehicle. It is particularly advantageous if the exhaust gas heat exchanger is designed to be double-flow, so that the transmission oil and the engine oil can be heated simultaneously in parallel and the exhaust gas heat exchanger is connected to the exhaust pipe by a heat-insulating material which has a heat conductivity less than 1 W / (m * K) aufweißt.

The sealing of the valves in the exhaust pipe has a particularly important meaning, since a high density on the one hand improves the effectiveness of the heating and on the other hand in the closed position avoids that the oil heats up unintentionally, for example, at high engine loads and speeds. This can then be dispensed with the use of an additional oil cooler. This makes it advantageous in the sense of the invention, when the valves are integrally formed in the exhaust pipe as a three-way valve and that these valves as Double-acting poppet valve are executed, wherein the plate has two sealing surfaces. Of which a sealing surface at the outermost end of the valve is arranged, as in an outlet valve in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. The second sealing surface is arranged on the opposite side of the valve disk, from which the valve stem leads away from the actuator. In the active state, the outermost end of the valve closes the exhaust gas bypass and in the passive state, the inner sealing surface of the plate closes the line to the heat exchanger.

embodiment

Further advantageous embodiments are disclosed in the subclaims and the following description of the figures.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the invention in an internal combustion engine;

Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the invention in an internal combustion engine;

Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of the invention in a cold state;

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the embodiment of FIG. 3 in a warm condition; FIG.

Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention in an automatic transmission;

In the different figures, the same parts are always provided with the same reference numerals, so that they are usually described only once. Fig. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 30 in a schematic diagram. The internal combustion engine 30 has an exhaust pipe 14, in which a catalyst 10 is arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, the internal combustion engine 30 is shown as four-cylinder engine, the four cylinder manifolds open into a common exhaust pipe 14.

Viewed in the exhaust gas flow direction of the exhaust gas, a heat exchanger 8 is arranged in the exhaust gas line 14 behind the catalytic converter 10, and a turbocharger 24 is arranged in front of the catalytic converter. The internal combustion engine 30 has a lubricating oil system 16. The lubricating oil system has an oil sump 1, an oil intake line 2, an oil pump 3, devices 31 to be lubricated of a cylinder head 12 and a cylinder block 15 and a turbocharger 24, an oil sump 5, and an oil overpressure valve 4.

The lubricating oil system 16 is also assigned a bypass valve 17. The bypass valve 17 controls the flow of the engine oil through the lubricating oil bypass 23, so that the temperature and the pressure of the engine oil can be set to optimum values. Furthermore, the lubricating oil system 16 has a plurality of oil returns 19.

The heat exchanger 8, at least upstream of the exhaust stream, an exhaust valve or exhaust gas recirculation valve 20, 21, 41, advantageously an EGR control valve upstream, which regulates the exhaust gas flow through the heat exchanger 8 and thus indirectly controls the oil temperature. The heat exchanger 8 is integrated in the lubricating oil system 16, so that the oil is heated in a warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine 30 by means of the exhaust heat. As an alternative to a heat exchanger 8, it is possible to use one or more electrical heating elements, in particular heating rods, which likewise fulfill the purpose of heating the oil within the bypass line. Especially when used in an automatic transmission, it makes sense to use an exhaust / oil heat exchanger for heating the oil in the bypass line. In the illustrated embodiment, an exhaust valve 13 is additionally arranged in the exhaust pipe 14 parallel to the heat exchanger 8, which controls the exhaust gas flow through the heat exchanger 8 bypassing exhaust gas bypass 38.

In the lubricating oil system 16 downstream of the oil pump 3, a valve 29 and a heat exchanger 26 with a supply line 27 and a discharge line 28 is arranged for controlling the oil temperature and the oil pressure. In a further oil bypass bypassing the heat exchanger 26, a valve 25 for regulating the oil pressure and the oil temperature is further arranged. The heat exchanger 26 can serve as an oil cooler for heating a cabin interior of a vehicle.

For regulating oil pressure and oil temperature, a control unit 18 is connected to the valves 13, 17, 20, 21, 25, 29 and 41, and at least with sensors for detecting the lubricating oil pressure 32, the lubricating oil temperature 33, the exhaust gas temperature 34, the speed 35, the load 36 and the coolant temperature 37 connected.

In the intake system 6 of the internal combustion engine 30, a throttle valve 7 is arranged, which is connected to a turbocharger 24 which opens downstream into an intake manifold 9. To reduce the combustion temperature, the intake manifold is connected to the exhaust gas recirculation exhaust pipe 14 via an exhaust gas recirculation valve 21, which may be configured as an EGR control valve, the connection being located downstream of the heat exchanger 8. In this case, the heat exchanger 8 may be an EGR heat exchanger. In this way harmful nitric oxide emissions are reduced

By advantageous embodiment in Fig. 1, the engine oil is heated faster 30 in a warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine. Parallel to the heat exchanger 8 is controlled via the second exhaust valve 13 exhaust bypass 38 is guided so that overheating of the engine oil is avoided in the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger 8 is preferred sufficiently dimensioned in the counterflow principle, so that the engine oil is heated as quickly as possible, the exhaust gas is cooled down as much as possible.

Fig. 2 shows an advantageous embodiment of the invention. In contrast to FIG. 1, the exhaust gas outlet of the heat exchanger 8 is connected only to the intake manifold 9, so that the exhaust gas valve 13 and the exhaust gas recirculation valve 20 are not required.

In this advantageous embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger has a dual function. On the one hand, the heat exchanger 8 heats up the engine oil during the warm-up phase due to the exhaust gas temperature in order to avoid high combustion temperatures. On the other hand, the heat exchanger 8 acts as a cooler of the exhaust gas recirculation 22 by the exhaust gas recirculated into the intake manifold 9 is cooled by the lubricating oil. This makes it possible to dispense with an additional cooler for the exhaust gas recirculation and with additional valves for controlling the exhaust gas volume flow.

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of an oil lubricating device in a cold state, for example, shortly after starting a motor vehicle. The main oil flow through the bypass valve 17 is shown in bold. The oil flows from the cylinder head 12 into the turbocharger 24. From the turbocharger 24, a bypass line leads to the opened bypass valve 17 through which the oil continues to flow and is combined with the oil return line 19 from the turbocharger. From there, the oil continues to flow through the heat exchanger 8 in which it is heated by the hot exhaust gas. Thereafter, the oil is returned through the oil pan where the return line 23 is connected to the Ölansaugrohr 2, so that the heated oil can be sucked directly further from the oil pump 3. The flow of the exhaust gas through the heat exchanger 8 is also shown in bold. The hot exhaust gas flows from the catalyst 10 into the exhaust pipe 14 and thence through the opened exhaust gas recirculation valve 21 into the heat exchanger 8 where it heats the cold oil the exhaust gas cools down. From there, the cold exhaust gas flows through the exhaust gas recirculation line 22 back into the intake manifold. 9

As soon as a certain limit value for the oil pressure is reached, the oil bypass valve 17 is completely or at least partially closed, so that the oil pressure in the internal combustion engine 30 can rise again.

The oil bypass valve 17 is completely or at least partially closed when exceeding a maximum oil temperature, then the exhaust gas recirculation valve 21 is then closed or alternatively the EGR bypass valve 39 shown in FIG. 4, opened.

Fig. 4 shows the system in a simplified version in the warm state. The bypass valve 17 is completely or at least partially closed, so that only a very small volume of oil flow through the heat exchanger 8 flows. The majority of the lubricating oil - shown in bold here - then flows through the bearings 31, e.g. Crankshaft main bearing, connecting rod bearings, camshaft bearings, piston injectors, camshaft adjuster, camshaft rams, etc. either through return lines 19 or directly back into the oil pan 1. The exhaust gas recirculation valve 21 may be either closed or open. If the exhaust gas recirculation valve 21 is open, it is advantageous if the exhaust gas is led back into the exhaust gas recirculation line 22 and the intake manifold 9 via a further EGR bypass flap 39.

FIG. 5 shows the system in combination with an automatic transmission 40. The exhaust gas flows from an internal combustion engine (not shown) through a catalytic converter 10 into a 3-way valve 41. In the cold

State, the exhaust gas flows through a heat exchanger 8 and heats the transmission oil, which is released by a bypass valve 17. In the warm state, the exhaust gas does not flow through the heat exchanger 8 but through the bypass 38 and the bypass valve 17 is completely or at least partially closed. With increasing oil pressure, the volume flow of the oil pump 3 decreases more or less linear, this occurs especially at low oil temperatures. With decreasing volume flow, however, the heat transfer coefficient between oil and cylinder head 12 or cylinder block 15 decreases so that the oil can absorb only a small amount of heat from the cylinder head 12 or cylinder block 15. At very high pressures, a pressure relief valve 4 opens. This reduces the oil volume flow flowing through the cylinder head 12 and block 15, so that the mechanical pumping power of the oil pump 3 is reduced. This reduces the heat transfer coefficient between oil and metal of the cylinder block 15 or head 12.

An increase in the heat transfer coefficient at low temperatures can be achieved by an embodiment of the invention in that the volume flow through the cylinder block 15 and in particular by the cylinder head 12 is increased at low temperatures. This is achieved by at least partial opening of the (bypass) valve 17, for example as a function of temperature, pressure, engine speed and / or load. Supporting this is also conceivable, the volume flow rate of the oil pump 3 to increase mechanically or by a manual transmission or increase by moving conveyor wheels.

Furthermore, it is supportive conceivable to flow through the oil gallery in the cylinder head 12 in series instead of parallel, ie in countercurrent principle of the oil. For this purpose, it may be advantageous first to let the oil flow flow through a main gallery of a cylinder head 12, then to flow back in the opposite direction at the outlet-side end by means of a valve through a further main gallery of a cylinder head 12, so that the flow path of the oil through the cylinder head 12 is increased becomes. The valve may also be arranged on the other side of the bypass line 23 in the oil pan. The oil contained in the oil passages of an internal combustion engine 30 is only a fraction, generally only 10% of the total oil volume. In the warm-up phase, the entire oil volume is uniformly heated in known methods. Core idea of the invention is a targeted rapid heating of the lubricating oil located in the oil passages, this being achieved by connecting the oil passage of the cylinder heads 12 by means of a bypass line 23 with the suction side of the oil pump, wherein at the end of the bypass line 23, a negative pressure is applied to the Do not let oil flow back into the sump 1 but back into the oil channel. Thus, in the warm-up phase of the engine, only a small portion of the total oil to be rapidly heated is used for lubrication.

The generation of a negative pressure at the end of the bypass line 23 can be achieved by direct connection of the bypass line 23 with the suction side of the oil pump 3 and with a direct connection to the oil suction pipe 2. For this purpose, the bypass line 23 can be at least partially integrated in a plastic oil pan with integrated oil suction 2, which leads to improved insulation and less heat loss. Furthermore, the mouth of the bypass line 23 can be positioned in the oil sump 1 in close proximity to the opening of the Ölsaugrohres 2, so that the opening of the bypass line end in the direction of the opening of the Ölansaugrohres 2 shows and forms an angle of 0 to 45 °, which is also facilitates installation and the option of retrofitting later.

It is conceivable to improve the heat transfer of the oil in the cylinder head, the use of ribbed bodies in the oil galleries, for example by a rough surface design of the oil passages in the cylinder block 15 or -köpf 12 - in particular by incorporation of a thread - whereby a reduction in the flowable amount of oil is achieved.

In addition, additional active heat sources may be introduced into the bypass line 23, eg electrical heating rods or heating elements, preferably, one or more PTC heating rods, EGR oil cooler (exhaust gas recirculation cooler), full flow oil cooler or the like may be arranged to quickly heat the oil in the oil channels in the warm-up phase.

Furthermore, it is additionally conceivable to direct the exhaust pipe 14 directly through or adjacent to the oil sump 1 or into the bypass line 23 via a further valve, at least in the warm-up phase, whereby an increase in the heat transfer is made possible by a multiple, and optionally dispenses with a heat exchanger 8 can be.

Furthermore, engine control in the warm-up phase can initially regulate at least a small portion of the heat exchanger 8 for heating the oil in the bypass line 23, and after some time switch off the oil flow through the bypass line 23 to allow coking in the exhaust gas heat exchanger 8 to avoid. Control variables for the control can be the higher the required oil pressure as a function of speed and load, and the desired oil temperature as a lower priority.

Furthermore, it is conceivable to exploit the height potential difference between cylinder head 12 and oil suction line 2 for improving the oil flow behavior in the bypass line 23, or to design this height potential as constructively as possible.

In addition, the use of thermal insulation of the bypass line 23 and / or the EGR bypass (exhaust gas recirculation) upstream upstream of the valve 17 by using a ceramic tube is advantageously conceivable to limit the temperature of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 8 and the exhaust gas recirculation valve 21 when the exhaust gas recirculation valve 21 is closed , Preferably, an oil pan with line in front of the oil suction 2 in an oil pan, not shown, of the oil sump 1 are integrated to absorb the oil that exits from the bearings in the head and crankshaft while it is also warmed up, and feed directly to the oil pump, without the oil sump heat. The valve 17 may in this case also be integrated in the oil sump after merging the bypass pipe 23 and the line of the oil sump, wherein a check valve must be present in the line of the oil sump, so that the oil is not returned from the bypass line 23 in the Can flow oil pan.

Advantageously, a combination of oil pan with spray nozzles, which are arranged in the connecting rod for cooling the piston to increase the flow rate of the oil flow, wherein the spray nozzles are not turned off in the cold start.

The exhaust gas flow for heating the oil in the bypass line 23 can in principle be diverted as desired from the normal exhaust gas flow. Particularly advantageously, the exhaust gas before a turbocharger by means of a conventional EGR valve (exhaust gas recirculation valve) are diverted at a large distance from the turbocharger, the high mass flow of the exhaust gas can be achieved in a small size and independent of the EGR calibration. Thus, a warm-up of the oil can be achieved without affecting the combustion temperature and thus also the exhaust gas. As part of the use of exhaust gas recirculation, it may be advantageous if the EGR cooler assembly has a vertical gas guide with an angle up to 40 degrees to the vertical, so that condensation water can be discharged into an exhaust.

If the internal combustion engine 30 has no turbocharger or exhaust gas recirculation, an additional flap in the main exhaust gas flow can generate a pressure difference and thus conduct an increased volume flow through the heat exchanger 8. The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. It is conceivable that the heat exchanger 26 is connected to the exhaust pipe 14 in order to effect a faster heating of the lubricating oil. The arrangement of the valves may vary, the valves may be arranged upstream and downstream of the various heat exchangers and vice versa. The invention may be used to lubricate engine parts, transmission parts or other moving components of a vehicle.

Claims

claims

Method for heating a lubricating system (16) of rotating or oscillating components, in particular for a combustion engine (30) or a transmission, preferably automatic transmission, with at least one oil suction pipe (2) arranged in an oil sump (1) and with a the oil return (19) bypassing oil bypass line (23), wherein a valve (17) in the oil bypass line (23) is arranged, characterized in that the bypass line (23) and / or at least one of the oil returns (19) with the suction line of an oil pump (3) and the pressure line of a lubrication system (16) is connected, wherein the length of the oil line of the lubrication system (16) from the output of the oil pump (3) to the entrance to the oil bypass line (23) preferably at least 80% of the maximum length the oil line of the lubrication system (16) from the output of the oil pump (3) to the farthest to be lubricated device (3 1), and the bypass line (23) in case e in internal combustion engine (30) preferably by at least one cylinder head (12) and / or Zylinderblo ck (15) and / or at least one turbocharger (24) and in the case of a transmission preferably by at least one heat exchanger (8) of Internal combustion engine (30) and / or at least one electric heating element runs, and that when falling below a certain limit temperature and exceeding a certain minimum pressure of the lubricating oil in the pressure line of the lubricating system (16), the bypass valve (17) is at least partially opened, so that at least a partial flow of the lubricating oil in a warm-up phase of the lubrication system (16) does not flow through the oil sump (1) until either the minimum pressure or the limit temperature are reached, and that the lubricating oil mass flow through the oil bypass line (23) is at least temporarily greater than the lubricating oil mass flow through the oil suction pipe (2).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bypass valve (17) is closed as soon as a predetermined speed or a speed or torque or a

Force of the components to be lubricated exceeds a predetermined limit and / or that the delivery rate of the oil pump (3) below a predetermined speed, a speed, torque or force, especially in the warm-up phase is increased by an increased pumping volume flow within the

To produce oil line.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the through the oil bypass line (23) and / or at least one of the oil returns (19) flowing lubricating oil is heated by a heat exchanger (8).

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger (8) for heating the lubricating oil from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine (30) is flowed through, and that the through the heat exchanger (8) flowing exhaust upstream. down through an exhaust valve / exhaust gas recirculation valve (20, 21, 41) and that the exhaust valve / exhaust gas recirculation valve (20, 21, 41) is closed as soon as a predetermined limit temperature of the exhaust gas or the lubricating oil is reached, and / or that at least a portion of the exhaust gas is passed via a controllable valve directly above or adjacent to the oil sump (1) into or through an oil sump or into the bypass line (23) to increase heat transfer.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the exhaust gas flowing through the heat exchanger (8) through an exhaust gas recirculation valve (21) and downstream as exhaust gas recirculation (22) with the intake manifold (9) of an internal combustion engine (30) is connected, and that the exhaust gas recirculation valve (21) is at least partially closed as soon as a predetermined

Limit temperature of the exhaust gas is reached or a predetermined volume flow of the exhaust gas recirculation is achieved.

6. The method according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the parallel to the heat exchanger (8) flowing exhaust gas of

Combustion engine (30) through an exhaust valve (13) flows and that the second exhaust valve (13) temporarily at least partially closed to increase the exhaust gas flow and thus also the heat transfer in the heat exchanger (8).

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that downstream of the oil pump (3) for cooling, a heat exchanger (26) and a valve (29) is arranged and that the valve (29) is at least partially opened when a predetermined limit value for the lubricating oil temperature is exceeded or undershot or a predetermined limit value for the coolant tele-inlet temperature (27) or the coolant outlet temperature

(28).

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that in the lubricating oil line parallel to the heat exchanger (26) and valve

(29) a valve (25) is arranged and that the valve (25) is at least partially closed when a predetermined limit value for the lubricating oil temperature is exceeded or not reached.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an electronic control unit (18) controls at least one of the valves (13, 17, 20, 21, 25, 29, 41).

1 O.Vorrichtung for heating a lubricating system (16) of rotating or oscillating components, in particular for a internal combustion engine (30) or a transmission, preferably automatic transmission and preferably for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 9, with at least one oil suction (2) arranged in an oil sump (1) and having an oil bypass line (23) bypassing the oil return (19), a bypass valve (17) being arranged in the oil bypass line (23), characterized in that the oil bypass line (23 ) and / or at least one of the oil returns (19) to the suction line of an oil pump (3) and the pressure line of a lubrication system (16) is connected, wherein the oil bypass line (23) in the case of an internal combustion engine (30) preferably by at least one cylinder head (12 ) and / or a cylinder block (15) and / or at least one turbocharger (24) and in the case of a transmission, preferably by at least one Wärmetausc (8) of the internal combustion engine (30) and / or at least one heating element runs, and that at least a partial flow of the lubricating oil, at least in a warm-up phase of the lubrication system (16) not through the oil sump (1) flows until either a limit oil pressure or a limit oil temperature are reached and that the lubricating oil mass flow through the oil bypass line (23) is at least temporarily greater than the lubricating oil mass flow through the oil suction pipe (2).

1 1.Vorrichtung according to claim 10, characterized in that the length of the oil line of the lubrication system (16) from the output of the oil pump (3) to the inlet in the oil bypass line (23) at least 80% of the maximum length of the oil line of the lubricating System (16) from the output of the oil pump (3) to the farthest to be lubricated device (31).

12. The apparatus of claim 10 or 1 1, characterized in that the oil bypass line (23) and / or at least one of the oil returns (19) with a heat exchanger (8) is connected and the heat exchanger (8) for heating the lubricating oil downstream of the Catalyst (10) in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine (30) is arranged and that upstream of the heat exchanger (8) an exhaust valve or exhaust gas recirculation valve (20, 21, 41) is arranged, which varies the flow in dependence on the at least the oil temperature or the exhaust gas temperature ,

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the downstream of the heat exchanger (8) an exhaust gas recirculation valve (21) is arranged and the first exhaust gas recirculation valve (21) is connected downstream with the intake manifold (9) of an internal combustion engine.

14. Device according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that an exhaust gas valve (13) is arranged parallel to the heat exchanger (8) in an exhaust gas bypass line (38) bypassing the heat exchanger (8) in order to at least temporarily increase the exhaust gas flow and thus also the heat transfer in the heat exchanger (8).

15. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that in the lubricating oil pipe after the oil pump (3) downstream of the main oil pipe to cool a heat exchanger (26) and a valve (29) is arranged and that in the main oil line, a valve (25) is arranged.

16. The device according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the heat exchanger (8) is disposed within an exhaust pipe (14) and is connected by this exhaust pipe (14) by a heat-insulating material, which has a thermal conductivity less than 1

W / (m * K) and that the heat exchanger (8) is designed in two parts and with the lubrication system of an internal combustion engine (30) and / or the lubrication system of a transmission is connected and that both the internal combustion engine (30) and the transmission part of a motor vehicle are.

17. Device according to one of claims 10 to 16, characterized in that an electronic control unit (18) with at least one of the valves (13, 17, 20, 21 25, 29, 41) is connected, and at least one sensor for detecting the Lube oil pressure (32), the lube oil temperature (33), the exhaust temperature (34), the speed (35), the speed, the load (36), and / or the coolant temperatures (27, 37) and / or (28).

18. Device according to one of claims 10 to 17, characterized in that the oil bypass line (23) consists at least partially of a heat-insulating material with a thermal conductivity of less than 1 W / (m * K).

19. Device according to one of claims 10 to 18, characterized in that the oil bypass line (23) in the same housing (15) is arranged, in which at least one of the devices to be lubricated (3 1) are arranged, wherein the oil bypass line ( 23) in the case of an internal combustion engine (30) preferably through the cylinder block 15 and / or at least one cylinder head (12) and / or at least one turbocharger (24) leads, and that another part of the oil bypass line (23) in one piece in the oil pan (5 ), wherein preferably the end of the oil bypass line (23) in the immediate vicinity of the opening of the oil suction line (2) is arranged and in the direction of the opening of the oil suction line (2), in particular the two ends an angle of 0 ° to 45 ° take each other.

20. Device according to one of claims 10 to 19, characterized in that at least one of the devices to be lubricated (3 1) downstream lube oil returns (19) with the oil bypass line (23) is connected and at least one of the oil by-pass line (23 ) associated lubricating oil returns (19) is part of an exhaust gas turbocharger.

21. Device according to one of claims 10 to 20, characterized in that at least one of the coolant lines (27) and (28) is connected to a heat exchanger (26) for cabin heating and / or a heat exchanger of a battery heating and cooling system.

22. Device according to one of claims 10 to 21, characterized in that at least one exhaust valve or exhaust gas recirculation valve (13, 20, 21, 41) is integrally formed as a three-way valve, said valves are designed as double-acting poppet valves, wherein the plate has two sealing surfaces, of which a sealing surface at the extreme end of the valve and the second sealing surface on the opposite side of the valve, away from the valve stem to the actuator, wherein the extreme end of the valve in the active state, the exhaust gas bypass (38) closes and the inner sealing surface of the plate in the passive state, the conduit to

Heat exchanger (8) closes.