EP2408706B1 - Stop element and combination of a stop element and a fastening means - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a stop element for coupling a stop means, such as a shackle, hook or ring, or a lifting means, such as a belt, a rope, a chain or a belt, with a good to be transported, wherein the stop element has a mounting portion, in the an elongate shaped opening is formed, which leads from the top of the mounting portion to a contact surface formed on the underside of the mounting portion. Such a stop element is eg off US 2,848,267 A known. Likewise, the invention relates to a combination of such a stop element and a fastening means, wherein the fastening means may comprise a clamping element and an adapter piece.

Stop elements of the type in question here usually have a mounting portion with which they are attached directly to the goods to be transported, and a stop segment on which the respective lifting means, such as tape, rope, chain or belt, by knots or loops either directly can be connected or for practical and safety considerations about serving as an intermediate element stop means, such as a Shackle, a hook or ring, can be connected. In this case, openings are formed in the fastening sections, through which a fastening means, which is typically a screw or a bolt, can be guided into a corresponding opening on the respective flange of the material to be transported. In order to simplify the assembly and alignment of the stop element, the openings in question are usually designed as slot openings so that the exact angular position of the respective stop element can be adjusted again before the final bracing of the respective fastener.

Such slings are used, for example, for lifting and aligning large steel, separately prefabricated tower elements of wind turbines or comparable sized pipes of pipelines or the like. The diameter of such respective tubular elements is generally much smaller than their length. Therefore, the elements are transported horizontally to the respective location.

In the case of tower elements, they must then be raised at the site not only by the used for carriage heavy truck, wagon or ship and pivoted to its final position, but also be rotated from the horizontal orientation in a vertical orientation, so that they on a foundation or an already erected tower element can be turned off.

For raising and aligning, in each case at least two stop elements are typically fastened to the end faces of the end flanges of the tubular elements such that the one stop element is mounted, for example, at 10 o'clock and the second element at 2 o'clock.

As a result of this arrangement, the line of action of the lifting forces acting on the fasteners used to lift the cargo to lift the cargo is oriented at an acute angle to the force of gravity. Due to the fact that the fastening means in each case sits in an elongated opening of the associated fastening portion of the stop element, it can therefore happen that the stop element slips under the load in the event that the respective clamping means is not tightened with sufficient force. After overcoming the prevailing between the stopper element and the respective flange friction this slipping takes place many times abruptly, so that it can lead to a dangerous sudden overloading of the fastening means by transverse forces for which the fastening means are not designed.

Against this background, the object of the invention to provide a stop element, in which the risk of slippage is minimized even under insufficient tension of the respective fastener. In addition, a such a stop element and a fastener comprehensive kit should be proposed, with a permanently secure attachment of the stop element is possible even under unfavorable loads.

With respect to the stop element, this object has been achieved by a stop element, which according to the invention has the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of such a stop means are specified in the dependent claims on claim 1.

With respect to the kit, the solution according to the invention of the above-mentioned object by the specified in claim 11 combination of stop element and fastener. Advantageous embodiments of this solution are specified in the dependent claims on claim 11.

A stop element according to the invention has, in a manner known per se, at least one fastening section into which an elongate shaped opening is formed, which leads from the upper side of the fastening section to a contact surface formed on the underside of the fastening section.

According to the invention, a wedge surface oriented in the longitudinal direction of the elongate opening of the fastening section is now formed on the fastening section. This wedge surface extends in a plane which intersects the longitudinal axis of the opening at an acute angle. In this case, the wedge surface is formed as a support for a fastening means which is provided for bracing the stop element on the goods to be transported.

The inventively provided at the attachment portion of the stopper member wedge surface is thus aligned so that in the longitudinal direction of the opening of the Fixing portion and thus acting transversely to the respective fastening means forces are diverted in the direction of the clamping force exerted by the fastening means and thus contribute in addition to the support of the stop element on the respectively to be transported Good. It is achieved as a keying of the stop element, whereby slipping of the stop element is reliably prevented.

Accordingly, in a combination according to the invention of a stop element designed according to the invention and a fastening means for bracing the stop element on a good to be transported, the fastening means comprises a form element with a wedge surface, with which the fastening means is slidably supported on a wedge surface of its associated attachment portion of the stop element.

The shaped element provided with the wedge surface may be, for example, a separately formed shoulder of a clamping element designed as an integral fastening means, such as a screw or a bolt, which projects sufficiently far from the screw shank. Likewise, the shaped element provided with the wedge surface may be the screw head of such a fastening means.

A particularly versatile and at the same time easy and safe to handle embodiment of the invention, however, arises when the fastening means a clamping element, such as a screw or a bolt, and as provided with the wedge-shaped form element comprises a separately prefabricated adapter piece, which has a support surface for supporting the clamping element and a passage opening through which the clamping element is insertable into the opening of the associated attachment portion.

The emergence of unfavorable, acting on the respective fastening means transverse forces can be prevented by extending according to a first embodiment of the invention each have a wedge surface with respect to the longitudinal axis of the elongate opening of the fixing portion of the same angular orientation along both longitudinal sides of the opening. In this case, optimal loads of the fastening means while minimizing the space requirement of the respective fastening portion of the stop element can be achieved in that the respective wedge surface adjoins the elongate opening of the fastening portion.

The wedge surface formed on the attachment portion of the stop element according to the invention is, of course, in each case oriented such that the wedging of the stop element to the respective attachment means provided according to the invention is achieved. That is, the respective effective wedge surface is aligned so that as a result of one of the triggered by the respective holding forces eventual movement of the stop element, the fastening means is loaded in the direction of the clamping force exerted by it and not relieved.

In order to simplify the assembly of a stop element according to the invention with respect to the proper orientation of the wedge surface, a further embodiment of the invention provides that at least one pair of wedge surfaces is present, of which the plane of the one wedge surface opposite to the plane of the other wedge surface under a acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the opening is aligned. In this way, regardless of the respective arrangement of the stop element at the attachment portion always a wedge surface is available over which under the action of each aligned along the opening of the attachment section portion of the lifting forces the stop element is clamped against the respective fastening means. In view of the uniform loading of the fastening portion, it may also be useful in this context for a pair of oppositely oriented wedge surfaces to extend along each of the longitudinal sides of the opening. In order to achieve the same wedge effect regardless of the respective orientation of the wedge surfaces of each wedge surface pair, it is advantageous if the planes of the wedge surfaces of the respective pair of wedge surfaces intersect the longitudinal axis of the opening at a same angle.

If two pairs of opposing wedge surfaces per attachment section are provided, the uniform loading of the respective attachment means can also be assisted by the wedge surfaces associated with the respective longitudinal edge of the opening of the attachment section being inclined in the same direction. In this case, those at the respective Fixing portion existing, inclined in the same direction wedge surfaces each arranged mirror-symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the opening of the attachment portion.

In the case that in a combination of stopper element and fastening means according to the invention, the fastening means comprises an adapter piece and two pairs of opposing wedge surfaces are present on the attachment portion of the stop element, the support of the clamping means on the wedge surfaces of the attachment portion can be particularly well secured that the adapter piece Has at least two projections, on each of which a wedge surface is formed, which is associated with each one of the inclined in the same direction wedge surfaces of the mounting portion. In this case, therefore, the adapter piece is always supported on two equally inclined wedge surfaces of the mounting portion. If the two wedge surfaces inclined in the other direction are to be used, a correspondingly adapted second adapter piece can be used for this purpose.

Alternatively, the adapter piece can also be designed so that it is supported by moving about its longitudinal axis on the directed in one or the other direction wedge surfaces. In the case that the wedge surfaces of the attachment portion directed in the same direction are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of its opening, the adapter piece may for this purpose have a pair of wedge surfaces corresponding to those located away from the longitudinal sides of the opening of the associated attachment portion and a pair of between the first pair of spaced wedge surfaces located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the opening of the attachment portion and across the wedge surfaces of the first pair of wedge surfaces. The free mobility of the adapter piece can be secured by the fact that the length of the second pair of wedge surfaces is dimensioned so that the wedge surfaces of this pair are movable with an orientation transverse to the longitudinal axis of the opening of the attachment portion with play through the opening along its longitudinal axis. In this way, the adaptation to the respective mounting situation without changing the fastener can be performed with an adapter piece or a correspondingly formed one-piece fastening means. In this case acting on the clamping element of the fastening means transverse forces are minimized as far as possible.

As an alternative to a mirror-symmetrical arrangement, the wedge surfaces of the wedge surface pairs of the fastening section can also be arranged on the stop element in such a way that the wedge surfaces assigned to the respective longitudinal edge are inclined in the opposite direction. With regard to the combination according to the invention, this embodiment has the advantage that the adapter can be adapted to the respective mounting situation by simply translating 180 ° about the longitudinal axis of the clamping means if a long opening permitting the required offset is formed in the adapter or in one piece Formation of the fastener provided with the wedge-shaped paragraph based on the longitudinal axis of the clamping means is arranged sufficiently off-center.

A particularly simple design with a particularly reliable function is obtained when the opening of the fastening portion is formed as a slot with parallel longitudinal sides. In this embodiment, the wedge surfaces seen in plan view may have a linear course, so that the respective fastening means can be easily moved on them.

Fig. 1

ein Anschlagelement in einem Längsschnitt;

Fig. 2

das Anschlagelement in Draufsicht;

Fig. 3

das Adapterstück in einer Ansicht von unten;

Fig. 4

ein zu einem Befestigungsmittel gehörendes Adapterstück in einer ersten seitlichen Ansicht aus der in Fig. 3 eingezeichneten Richtung A';

Fig. 5

das Adapterstück in einer zweiten seitlichen Ansicht aus der in Fig. 3 eingezeichneten Richtung A".

The invention will be explained with reference to a drawing illustrating an embodiment. Each show schematically:

Fig. 1

a stop element in a longitudinal section;

Fig. 2

the stop element in plan view;

Fig. 3

the adapter piece in a view from below;

Fig. 4

a belonging to a fastener adapter piece in a first side view of the in Fig. 3 marked direction A ';

Fig. 5

the adapter piece in a second side view of the in Fig. 3 marked direction A ".

The stop element 1 produced in one piece, for example, as a forged part has a semi-arcuate stop section 2, at the ends of which in each case a substantially parallelepiped-shaped fastening section 3, 3 protruding in the radial direction from the stop section 2 is formed.

The longitudinal axes L3, L4 of the fastening sections 3, 4 are aligned in alignment with each other in the embodiment shown here by way of example only, so that the stop element 1 is in plan view (FIG. Fig. 2 seen) has an elongated shape.

In the same way, the fastening sections 3, 4, but also in plan view, could be aligned at an angle to the stop section 2, so that their longitudinal axes L3, L4 intersect at an acute angle. Such an arrangement may be useful, for example, when the respective stop element is to be attached to a circular flange with a comparatively small diameter. Likewise, the attachment portions could be arcuately curved, if this is suitable in view of the respective mounting situation.

In each of the attachment portions 3,4 is formed as a slot with parallel longitudinal edges 5,6 formed elongated opening 7,8, the longitudinal axis coincides with the longitudinal axis L3, L4 of the mounting portions.

In addition, pairs 10, 11 and 12, 13 of wedge surfaces 14a, 14b, 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b, 17a, 17b are formed from the upper side 9 of the fastening sections 3, 4b. The in plan view in each case parallel to the longitudinal axis L3, L4 of the mounting portions 3.4 extending wedge surfaces 14a, 14b; 15a, 15b; 16a, 16b; 17a, 17b of each wedge-surface pair 10, 11, 12, 13 are aligned with respect to each other in opposite directions and are each arranged in each case in a plane E1, E2, E3, E4, which are the longitudinal axis L3, L4 of the respective fastening section 3.4 cut at an angle ß. In this way, each of the longitudinal edges 5.6 of the respective opening 7.8 adjacent wedge surfaces 14a, 15a and 16a, 17a in the direction of each of the stopper portion 2 associated end 7a, 8a of the respective opening 7.8 rise while each spaced apart from the respective longitudinal edge 5,6 arranged wedge surfaces 14b, 15b and 16b, 17b in this direction.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in the figures, the planar contact surfaces 18, 19 present on the underside of the fastening sections 3, 4 are aligned parallel to the longitudinal axes L3, L4, so that the planes E1, E2, E3, E4 are also the imaginary extensions of the contact surfaces 18 , 19 each intersect at the angle ß.

For bracing the stop element 1 on a flange, not shown here fastening means 20,21 are provided. The fastening means 20, 21 each comprise a conventional screw 22, 23 and an adapter 24, 25.

The identically shaped adapters 24, 25 have a top view ( Fig. 2 ) Rectangular shape whose length L corresponds to a small undersize the distance between the outer, facing away from the respective opening 7 and 8 edges of the wedge surfaces 14b, 15b and 16b, 17b. The undersize is dimensioned such that the adapter pieces 24,25 in L aligned transversely to the longitudinal axis L3, L4 easily by the respective wedge surface pairs 10,11 and 12,13 occupied recess of the mounting portions 3.4 can be moved.

Correspondingly, the width B of the adapters 24, 25 corresponds, apart from a slight undersize, to the spacing between the edges of the inner wedge surfaces 14 a, which are adjacent to the respective opening 7, 8, and the edges 14 a, which are assigned to the respective outer wedge surfaces 14 b, 15 b or 16 b, 17 b. 15a or 16a, 17a. The undersize is dimensioned in this case so that the adapters 24,25 can easily be moved in the space bounded laterally by the outer wedge surfaces 14b, 15b or 16b, 17b when the width B is transverse to the longitudinal axis L3, L4.

The adapters 24, 25 each have a central section 26, on the upper side of which there is a flat bearing surface 27 for supporting the head of the respective screw 22, 23. In addition, a centrally arranged passage opening 28 is formed in the central portion 26, through which the shaft of the respective screw 22, 23 is guided in order to push it through the respective associated opening 7, 8 of the fastening sections 3, 4.

At the opposite side of the support surface bottom of the adapter 24,25 two paragraphs 29,30 are formed, each adjacent to narrow sides of the respective adapter 24,25 and are arranged centrally with respect to the width B. The width B 'of the paragraphs 29,30 corresponds to a slight undersize of the transversely to the longitudinal axis L3, L4 measured clear width W of the openings 7,8, so that the paragraphs 29,30, when aligned transversely to the longitudinal axis L3, L4 are, with a slight clearance through the openings 7,8 can be pushed.

On the free undersides of the paragraphs 29,30 each one inclined in the direction of the width B wedge surface 31,32 is formed, the imaginary extension with the flat support surface 27 of the adapter 24,25 also includes the angle ß.

At the same time, the thickness D of the shoulders 29, 30 measured in the longitudinal direction of the adapters 24, 25 is dimensioned so that the inside width between the shoulders 29, 30 is larger by a slight excess than the distance between the respective external wedge surfaces 14b, 15b and 15b 16b, 17b associated edges of the inner, adjacent to the respective opening 7,8 wedge surfaces 14a, 15a and 16a, 17a.

In addition, the height H of paragraphs 29,30 is selected so that when reaching the end remote from the stop portion 2 end of the outer wedge surfaces 14b, 15b and 16b, 17b there is sufficient for the free mobility of the adapter 24,25 distance between the underside of the central portion 26 and the inner lying, there in relation to the outer wedge surfaces 14b, 15b and 16b, 17b reaching their highest point wedge surfaces 14a, 15a and 16a, 17a consists. In this way, the adapters 24,25 can be placed with transversely to the longitudinal axis L3, L4 aligned length L with their paragraphs 29,30 on the respective outer wedge surfaces 14b, 15b and 16b, 17b of the mounting portions 3.4 and moved onto them in that the bearing surface 27 is guided essentially parallel to the respective contact surface 18, 19.

In addition, at the bottom of the adapter 24,25 a with respect to the length L of the adapter 24,25 centrally arranged, over the width B of the adapter 24,25 extending paragraph 33 is formed. Its measured thickness in the longitudinal direction D 'also corresponds to a small undersize of the transversely to the longitudinal axis L3, L4 measured clear width W of the openings 7,8, so that the paragraphs 29,30, if they are aligned transversely to the longitudinal axis L3, L4 , with a slight clearance through the openings 7,8 can be pushed.

On the free underside of the central shoulder 33 a extending over the entire width B, in the direction of the length L inclined wedge surface 34 is formed, the imaginary extension of the support surface 26 also intersects at the angle ß. In this way, the adapters 24,25 can be placed on their respective wedge surfaces 14a, 15a and 16a, 17a of the fastening portions 3,4 and moved on them at transverse width to the longitudinal axis L3, L4 width B with her paragraph 33 so that the support surface 27 is guided substantially parallel to the respective contact surface 18,19.

When mounting the stop element 1 on a flange, not shown here, the adapters 24,25 are each aligned so that they are each supported on those of the wedge surfaces 14a-17b, which rise against the force K, which under load to a displacement of the stop element 1 would lead relative to the asset to be lifted. If the force in question is K, as in Fig. 1 indicated, directed in the direction of a fixing portion 3, so this is the attachment portion. 3 associated adapter 24 consequently supported on the rising in the direction of the stopper portion 2 inner wedge surfaces 14a, 15a, while the other attachment portion 4 associated adapter 25 on the outer, in the direction away from the stopper portion 2 direction wedge surfaces 16b, 17b sits. In this way, the adapter element 1 is wedged against the screws 22,23 of the fasteners 20 and 21, that any unwanted slipping of the stop element 1 is reliably prevented even under high load.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

stop element

2

stop section

3.4

fixing portions

5,6

Longitudinal edges of the openings 7,8

7.8

elongated openings

9

Top of the mounting portions 3.4

10-13

Pairs of wedge surfaces 14a-17b

14a, 14b

Wedge surfaces of the wedge-surface pair 10

15a, 15b

Wedge surfaces of the wedge surface pair 11

16a, 16b

Wedge surfaces of the wedge surface pair 12

17a, 17b

Wedge surfaces of the wedge surface pair 13

18.19

Rearing surfaces of the attachment sections 3,4

20.21

fastener

22.23

Screws of fasteners 20,21

24.25

Adapter of the fastening means 20, 21

26

Central section of the adapter 24,25

28

Through opening

29.30

lateral paragraphs of the adapters 24,25

31.32

Wedge surfaces of paragraphs 29, 30

33

middle section of the adapters 24,25

34

Wedge surface of the middle paragraph 33

ß

angle

B

Width of the adapters 24,25

B '

Width of the paragraphs 29.30

D '

Thickness of the middle paragraph 32

E1-E4

Planes of wedge surfaces 14a-17b

H

Amount of paragraphs 29,30

K

force

L

Length of the adapters 24,25

L3, L4

Longitudinal axes of the attachment sections 3,4

W

clear width of the openings 7,8

Claims (16)

1. Sling element for coupling sling gear, such as a shackle, hook or ring, or a lifting means, such as a belt, a rope, a chain or a strap, to a goods item to be transported, wherein the sling element (1) has a fastening section (3, 4), into which an oblong-shaped opening (7, 8) is formed which leads from the upper side (9) of the fastening section (3, 4) to a contact area (18, 19) formed on the underside of the fastening section (3, 4), characterised in that a wedge area (14a-17b) aligned in the longitudinal direction (L3, L4) of the opening (7, 8) of the fastening section (3, 4) is formed on the fastening section (3, 4), which wedge area (14a-17b) runs in a plane (E1-E4) which intersects the longitudinal axis (L3, L4) of the opening (7, 8) at an acute angle (β) and is designed as a support for a fastening means (20, 21) which is provided to brace the sling element (1) on the goods item to be transported.
2. Sling element according to Claim 1, characterised in that a wedge area (14a, 15a, 16a, 17a) in each case extends with the same angular alignment (β) with respect to the longitudinal axis (L3, L4) of the oblong opening (7, 8) of the fastening section (3,4) along both longitudinal sides (5, 6) of the opening (7, 8).
3. Sling element according to either one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the respective wedge area (14a, 15a, 16a, 17a) adjoins to the oblong opening (7, 8) of the fastening section (3, 4).
4. Sling element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one pair (10, 11, 12, 13) of wedge areas (14a-17b) is present, of which the plane (E1, E3) of the one wedge area (14a, 15a, 16a, 17a) is aligned running in the opposite direction to the plane (E2, E4) of the other wedge area (14b, 15b, 16b, 17b) at an acute angle (β) related to the longitudinal axis (L3, L4) of the opening (7, 8).
5. Sling element according to Claim 4, characterised in that in each case a pair (10, 11; 12, 13) of wedge areas (14a, 14b; 15a, 15b; 16a, 16b; 17a, 17b) aligned running in opposite directions extends along each of the longitudinal sides (5, 6) of the opening (7, 8).
6. Sling element according to either of Claims 4 or 5, characterised in that the planes (E1-E4) of the wedge areas of the respective pair (10, 11, 12, 13) of wedge areas (14a-17b) intersect the longitudinal axis (L3, L4) of the opening (7, 8) at the same angle (β) in relation to the absolute value.
7. Sling element according to either of Claims 5 or 6, characterised in that the wedge areas (14a, 15a, 16a, 17a) assigned to the respective longitudinal edge (5, 6) of the opening (7, 8) of the fastening section (3, 4) run inclined in the same direction.
8. Sling element according to either of Claims 5 or 6, characterised in that the wedge areas (14a, 15a, 16a, 17a) assigned to the respective longitudinal edge (5, 6) run inclined in the opposite direction.
9. Sling element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the opening (7, 8) of the fastening section (3, 4) is formed as an elongated hole with longitudinal sides (5, 6) running parallel to one another.
10. Sling element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it is designed in the style of a sling bow with a U-shaped sling section (2), on the ends of which in each case a fastening section (3, 4) is integrally formed.
11. Combination consisting of a sling element (1), designed according to any one of the preceding claims, and a fastening means (20, 21) for bracing the sling element (1) on a goods item to be transported, wherein the fastening means (20, 21) comprises a shaped element (24, 25) with a wedge area with which the fastening means is movably supported on a wedge area of the fastening section, assigned to it, of the sling element.
12. Combination according to Claim 11, characterised in that the fastening means comprises a tensioning element, such as a screw (22, 23) or a bolt, and a shoulder formed on the tensioning element as a shaped element, the wedge area being formed on the shoulder.
13. Combination according to Claim 11, characterised in that the fastening means has a tensioning element, such as a screw (22, 23) or a bolt, and a separately prefabricated adapter piece (24, 25) as the shaped element, the adapter piece (24, 25) having a contact area on its upper side turned away from the wedge area (31, 32) for supporting the tensioning element, as well as a through-opening (28) for guiding the tensioning element through.
14. Combination according to Claim 13, characterised in that the sling element is designed according to Claim 7 or 8 and the adapter piece (24, 25) has at least two projecting parts, on which in each case a wedge area is formed which in each case are assigned to one of the wedge areas of the fastening section inclined in the same direction.
15. Combination according to Claim 13, characterised in that the sling element is designed according to Claim 7 and the adapter piece (24, 25) has a pair of wedge areas, which are arranged correspondingly distantly from the longitudinal sides of the opening of the assigned fastening section, and a pair of wedge areas, arranged between the first pair, which are arranged adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the opening of the fastening section and transverse to the wedge areas of the first pair of wedge areas.
16. Combination according to Claim 15, characterised in that the length of the second pair of wedge areas is dimensioned in such a way that the wedge areas of this pair with an alignment transverse to the longitudinal axis of the opening of the fastening section (3, 4) can be moved with clearance through the opening along its longitudinal axis.

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