Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
  • C12M1/16—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology containing, or adapted to contain, solid media
  • C12M1/18—Multiple fields or compartments
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
  • C12M31/08—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light by conducting or reflecting elements located inside the reactor or in its structure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
  • C12M1/24—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology tube or bottle type
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
  • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
  • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
  • C12M23/06—Tubular
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
  • C12M23/22—Transparent or translucent parts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M3/00—Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus
  • C12M3/02—Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus with means providing suspensions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
  • C12M41/06—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of illumination
  • C12M41/10—Filtering the incident radiation

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for a photochemical, such as photocatalytic and / or photosynthetic process, in particular for a breeding and production or hydroculturing of, preferably phototrophic, microorganisms, wherein a reactor, in particular a bioreactor, is provided and a reaction medium, for example an aqueous Solution or a suspension is meandered in the reactor.
• a reactor in particular a bioreactor
• a reaction medium for example an aqueous Solution or a suspension is meandered in the reactor.
• a bioreactor for phototrophic microorganisms which consists of glass or plastic, known.
• the culture medium is either pumped through the bioreactor or meandered down through the horizontally arranged web plates down. Furthermore, turbulence generating means are mounted in the webs. According to this method, carbon dioxide is introduced at the top and natural or artificial light is used for the operation.
• the bioreactor is placed or tracked at right angles to the light source.
• GB 2 235 210 A and DE 196 44 992 C1 also disclose bioreactors for phototrophic microorganisms or for photocatalytic processes.
• WO 98/18903 describes an actively or passively heatable solar element made of multiple web plates with at least three straps. Layers within the reactor are used alternately for a photochemical or photosynthetic process. This is done in a closed reactor with sealed end face and horizontally arranged web plates, the culture medium is passed meandering downwards.
• a bioreactor is known, which is flowed through horizontally by the reaction medium, wherein the bioreactor is arranged in a water basin.
• the object of the invention is to provide a device of the initially cited type, on the one hand avoids the above disadvantages and on the other hand allows for a simple and economical production due to their construction, a qualitative and, above all, quantitative increase in yield or harvest.
• the invention is characterized in that the reactor through which the reaction medium consists consists of at least one reactor element formed from two vertically or at an angle inclined, connected below, tubes or chambers, wherein both a contribution and an application of the reaction medium in or from the reactor, preferably continuously, without pressure and free to the atmosphere via the upper surface of the reaction medium takes place and due to the hydrostatic pressure and level compensation for the microorganisms stress-free flow of the reaction medium is given and that the reactor with his, preferably from transparent or translucent Material existing, tubes or chambers is arranged in a light-conducting liquid.
• the invention makes it possible for the first time to produce a plant for a photochemical, such as photocatalytic and / or photosynthetic process, in particular for cultivation and production or hydroculturing of, preferably phototrophic, microorganisms, both in the construction costs and in operation meets today's economic requirements, especially with regard to quality and operational safety.
• a photochemical such as photocatalytic and / or photosynthetic process
• the device according to the invention With the device according to the invention and the method on which this device is based, a transport that is gentle on the microorganisms is achieved so that damage in the course of its production process is avoided.
• the flow rate of the reaction medium through the reactor element By controlled introduction of the reaction medium in the region of the upper liquid level, the flow rate of the reaction medium through the reactor element, provided of course it is filled, can be defined.
• the reaction medium flows meandering through the upright interconnected reactor elements.
• the reactor elements are interconnected so that the inlet and the outlet are located at the top.
• the reactor elements are open completely or partially upwards.
• the flow is achieved by utilizing hydrostatic pressure compensation with minimal loss of height throughout the reactor. Due to the largely pressure-free and appression-free transport of the reaction medium in a biosolar reactor, the reaction process is impaired as little as possible.
• the method and the corresponding device or system according to the invention can be used, for example, for the following fields of application:
• this device according to the invention has the advantage that the light-conducting liquid acts as a buffer for the day-night temperature fluctuations. The overall efficiency is thereby increased.
• the light-conducting liquid should preferably be beauticianst inanimate to sterile and optionally have the density of seawater. It is quite conceivable that silicone oil can also be used.
• reactor element when connected to a reactor panel of two or more reactor elements, its partition wall is lower than the partition between the tubes or chambers of the reactor element, thereby creating an overflow or communicating opening when the liquid level in the reactor elements higher than the partition between the reactor elements and the reactor panel can be flowed meandering.
• a reactor element is designed like a communicating vessel. This type of series connection of reactor elements gives the possibility of forming a defined flow path.
• the residence time within the reactor which is adapted to the particular phototrophic microorganisms or photochemical requirements and which corresponds to the process result, can be influenced by the following parameters:
• the light-conducting liquid surrounding the reactor is provided in an open-topped container or basin, the inner surfaces of which are preferably designed to be light-reflecting.
• the inner surfaces are formed as reflectors.
• reflectors are provided above the light-conducting liquid or above the container or basin, which introduce light, preferably sunlight, into the light-conducting liquid, preferably at a right angle to the liquid surface. Such additional reflectors increase the light optimization for the process. Due to the optionally vertical introduction of light to the liquid surface and the mirroring of the container inner walls takes place virtually a multiplication of the light irradiation, whereby the process can be optimized.
• light collectors are provided for collecting the light which can be introduced into the light-conducting liquid and are arranged in particular in front of the reflectors. This also allows a correspondingly increased supply of light for the process can be achieved.
• the process can be optimized.
• the tubes are made of, in particular made of plastic, film tubes whose ends are tightly connected with deflection devices.
• These film tubes have a thin wall thickness and are inexpensive to procure on the market. Due to the pressureless fluid in fluid situation, the foil hoses are not exposed to forces that could cause any damage. Since there is virtually no load on the film hoses, a long service life is to be expected.
• Such a longitudinally welded film allows an upright and low-resistance flow possible through a, enriched with microorganisms and nutrients, suspension for the cultivation of phototrophic microorganisms.
• the deflection device is a U-shaped, preferably elliptical cross-section exhibiting, tube part which is connected to the chambers formed by the longitudinal welds.
• These deflectors cause an upper or a lower deflection of the suspension without allowing contamination of the microorganisms in the environment.
• film tube reactors single tubes of plastic film are pulled and fastened over the ends of the tubes.
• longitudinally welded reactors the two sides are clamped to elliptical receiving tubes.
• the, preferably prefabricated, deflection device is a U-shaped tube part, which for introduction at the bottom of the reactor in the reaction medium of liquid and / or gaseous additives, or for the application of gaseous process products at least one bore for having a, micro-holes, insertion tube or an integrated insertion tube.
• gases or other substances accumulating in the process can be applied simultaneously to redirect the suspension without contaminating the suspension with foreign organisms from the environment the gas pipes are used for the extraction of gases generated in the process or excess gases.
• the insertion tube in the region of the flowing from bottom to top reaction medium on a larger number and / or larger diameter having microbores as in the region of the flowing from top to bottom or in the direction of gravity reaction medium is raised in a kind of "gas lift effect" with respect to the tube or chamber through which the liquid flows from top to bottom such units and increased gas introduction into each ascending tube will result in an increase in the liquid level at the end of the last tube or chamber relative to the first tube or chamber, if the design of the reactor accounts for the increase in the liquid level.
• Additives is a stress-free transport of microorganisms.
• the insertion tube has an outer and / or an internal thread at both ends.
• the gas pipes are, for example, designed in such a way that they can end in a gastight manner with the assembly by means of a union nut. At least one of these union nuts is provided with a connection for a gas line.
• gas pipe can be provided via its internal thread with a connecting piece which can be screwed to another gas pipe.
• the replacement of the gas pipes can fulfill the following functions within parts of the photo-bio-reactors or the whole plant:
• an Archimedean screw or a Da Vinci spiral or a mammoth pump is provided for transporting the reaction medium both within the reactor and between reactors.
• one or more hoses or webs are spirally wound on an axle once or multiple times and stably fixed in any technique, for example screwed, glued, etc.
• the one or more hoses or webs are open at both ends.
• the transport element is aligned and mounted so that the lower end of the tubes or webs draws reaction medium from a container.
• hoses or webs are only so far submerged in the reaction medium, which passes with each revolution, the end of the hose or the web outside the reaction medium over the surface.
• the reactor medium By slow rotation in a spiral direction, which does not generate any significant centrifugal forces, the reactor medium is made use of hydrostatic pressure equalization in the respective lower halves of the hoses or webs transported to the upper end of the screw. With each rotation, the liquid located in the uppermost half-turn is released and falls into a receptacle located higher up from the starting receptacle. By either full or partial closing the
• Transport device spray loss and or gas leakage can be avoided.
• a cover for example a dome, made of transparent or translucent material, for example a glass dome, is provided above the container or basin in which the device is provided, for a closed construction of the system.
• FIG. 1 is a plan view of FIG. 1
• FIG. 3 is a side elevation of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 5 is a plan view according to FIG. 4
• FIG. 6 is a side elevation according to FIG. 4,
• FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of the light guide, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 a deflection device for film tubes,
• FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 a deflection device for longitudinally welded foils
• Fig. 15 is a schematic representation of a device of multiple web plates
• FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 a deflection device for the device according to FIG. 15, FIG. Fig. 18 and Fig. 19, a contribution of the additives in the middle part of the film tubes.
• a reactor in particular a biosolar reactor 1, consists of at least one reactor element 2, which is formed from two upright tubes 3 connected at the bottom. An inlet 4 as well as an outlet 5 are provided at the upper edge of the reactor.
• a plurality of reactor elements 2 are connected in series, wherein always an outlet 5 is connected to an inlet 4.
• Such a biosolar reactor 1 is used for a process for a photochemical, such as photocatalytic and / or photosynthetic process, in particular for the cultivation and production or hydroculturing of, preferably phototrophic, microorganisms.
• the biosolar reactor 1 is filled with a reaction medium 6, for example an aqueous solution or a suspension.
• the biosolar reactor 1 is fed only via its first inlet 4.
• the guide or flow direction of the reaction medium 6 is upright, preferably vertically, once from top to bottom and from bottom to top in a reactor element 2.
• reaction medium 6 flows meandering through the reactor , Both the introduction or feed and the application of the reaction medium 6 in or out of the biosolar reactor 1, preferably carried out continuously, depressurized and free to the atmosphere over the upper reaction medium surface or just above the upper liquid level or in the region of the upper liquid level of the Reaction medium 6.
• the reactor elements 2 are thus connected in a meandering manner with each other as communicating tubes 3, the inlet 4 and the outlet 5 being at the top.
• the reactor elements 2 are wholly or partially, depending on requirements, open at the top. Due to the hydrostatic pressure and level compensation takes place via the feed of reaction medium 6 at the inlet 4, a flow of the reaction medium 6. For the process, this means that for the Microorganisms stress-free flow of the reaction medium 6 is generated. As a result, a free flow between the individual reactor elements 2 is made possible without the additional energy must be supplied.
• the reaction medium 6 moves in the effort of the liquid to compensate for the difference in height between inlet 4 and outlet 5, with a minimum loss of height meandering through the reactor.
• a reactor element 2 consists of two, preferably rectangular, upright, formed from the web or web multiple plates 7 chambers 8, through a partition wall 9, which open at the bottom is, is formed. Both the inlet 4 for introduction and the inlet 5 and the outlet 5 is provided at the upper edge of the reactor. In the illustrated embodiment according to FIG. 4, two reactor elements 2 are already connected.
• Reactor elements 2 is higher than the partition wall 10 between the reactor elements 2. As a result, the energy consumption is minimized by eliminating as far as possible pumps between the process steps and any number of equal or different process steps in the same flow height can be coupled to each other.
• the individual reactor elements 2 can be made transparent or translucent or, if required, also light-tight. As materials, both glass or UV transparent plastic, e.g. Polymethylmethacrylate find use.
• FIGS. 1 to 3 Versions of FIGS. 1 to 3. With regard to the light irradiation to the reactor elements 2 - which will be discussed in more detail later - is shown in FIG. 6, an inclined reactor. Despite the fact that the reactor is inclined at an angle, the reaction medium 6 flows once from top to bottom or in the direction of gravity and from bottom to top or against the direction of gravity.
• FIG. 4 is for the, continuous or batchwise, introduction of additives 12, such as nutrient solutions or - gases and / or oxidants and / or active substances and / or the process promoting solutes or gases, preferably during the process, at the reactor bottom, in the region of the deflection of the reaction medium 6, at least one introduction inlet 11, for example a controllable valve provided.
• additives 12 such as nutrient solutions or - gases and / or oxidants and / or active substances and / or the process promoting solutes or gases, preferably during the process, at the reactor bottom, in the region of the deflection of the reaction medium 6, at least one introduction inlet 11, for example a controllable valve provided.
• the reaction medium 6 is optionally saturated before entering the reactor with CO2 or other gases, the degree of saturation is enriched according to the needs of the process and / or supplied while staying in the reactor with CO2 other gases.
• the decreasing CO2 content in the reaction medium 6 in the photosynthetic process, due to constant growth of the microorganisms, can be compensated for by the continuous or pulsed introduction of CO2.
• additives 12 such as fluids and gases further optimizes the supply of light, since by the resulting turbulence in the reaction medium 6, all molecules or phototrophic microorganisms sufficiently to the light-flooded, near the outside wall light zone - indicated by the arrows 13 - the reactor element 2 are performed.
• heating or cooling of the reaction medium 6 can also take place by means of defined introduced fluids and gases.
• the introduced additives 12 can thus be used for the controlled temperature control of the reaction medium 6.
• the introduction of liquid and / or gaseous substances or additives 12 on the underside in the region of the deflection of the reaction medium 6 is performed.
• a larger amount of liquid and / or gaseous substances or additives 12 is introduced in the area of the reaction medium 6 flowing from bottom to top or against the direction of gravity than in the area from top to bottom or in Direction of gravity flowing
• the reactor through which the reaction medium 6 flows consists of at least one reactor element 2 formed from two tubes 3 or chambers 8 which are inclined at an angle or are inclined at an angle.
• a multiplicity of these reactor elements 2 are standard in the form of a reactor panel 13 connected. The, preferably series-connected,
• Reactor panels 13 are frame-like almost parallel to each other, preferably fixedly mounted, to a reactor, in particular biosolar reactor 1, respectively.
• the biosolar reactor 1 is arranged with its reactor panels 13 in a light-conducting liquid 14.
• This light-conducting liquid 14 may be provided in a basin or a container 15.
• Both an introduction and an application of the reaction medium 6 into or out of the reactor takes place, preferably continuously, without pressure and free to the atmosphere via the upper reaction medium surface. Due to the hydrostatic pressure and level compensation for the microorganisms stress-free flow of the reaction medium 6 is given.
• the top of the respective Reaktorpaneies 13 is either provided with a floating body or attached hanging from above, so that the upper edge of the reactor can not submerge under the upper edge of the surrounding liquid and thus is given an open-top situation.
• Reaktorpaneies 13 The lower side of Reaktorpaneies 13 is designed so that it allows either by its own weight or by additional weights a nearly vertical hanging in the light-conducting liquid 14.
• the light supply to the surface of the reactor panels 13 of the biosolar reactor 1 is of immense importance.
• the light-conducting liquid 14 surrounding the reactor is in one provided above open container 15 or basin whose inner surfaces 16 are designed to be light reflective.
• a cover for example a dome, of transparent or translucent material, for example a glass dome, can be provided for a closed construction of the system.
• Container 15 or basin reflectors 17 are provided, the light, preferably the sunlight 18, in the light-conducting liquid 14, preferably at a right angle to the liquid surface, initiate.
• light collectors can be provided in front of the reflectors 17 -not shown.
• the tubes 3 consist of foil tubes 19, which are produced in particular from plastic and thin-walled.
• the ends of these film tubes 19 are connected tightly with deflection devices 20.
• The, preferably prefabricated, deflection device 20 is a U-shaped tube part, which is for insertion at the bottom of the reactor in the reaction medium 6 of liquid and / or gaseous additives 12, or for the application of gaseous process products at least one bore 21 for a , Micro-bores 22 exhibiting, insertion tube 23 or an integrated insertion tube 24 has.
• FIG. 13 and Fig. 14 an alternative solution for forming a reactor panel 13 is shown.
• the meandering interconnected chambers 8 are made of two sheets 25, which are parallel Longitudinal welds 26 have formed.
• the deflection takes place again via deflection devices 27.
• the deflection device 27 is a U-shaped, preferably elliptical cross-section exhibiting, tube part which is connected to the chambers 8 formed by the longitudinal welds.
• a biosolar reactor 1 is shown from a multi-wall plate 7.
• the device is designed as a compact device, wherein the deflecting device 28 is sealed to the upper and lower end of the web plate 7.
• the reactor may have upstream of the inlet 4 or after the outlet 5 from the reactor Sifone 29.
• Reaction medium 6 can thus be fed through the siphon 29 to the first reactor element 2 without pressure or without pressure.
• the reactor has the insertion tubes 23 for the introduction of the additives 12.
• further insertion tubes 30 are provided for the application of gaseous process products, such as oxygen, preferably during the process. These insertion tubes 30 are provided above the reaction medium surface or above the top of the reactor elements 2.
• a collecting device provided above the liquid level of the reaction medium 6 or above the upper side of the reactor elements can be provided.
• an individual-part deflection device 28 for a biosolar reactor 1 produced from web plates 7 is shown.
• the individual webs 31 of the respective inner shape of the web plate 7 are adapted.
• the insertion tubes 23 for the introduction of the additives 12 are integrated.
• a film tube 19 is shown, wherein the introduction of the additives can also take place along the height, for example at half the height, of the film tubes 19.
• the film tube 19 may be severed in its half height and a plastic spacer 32 is provided for connecting the two parts.
• This plastic spacer 32 has the microbored lines 33 for introducing the additives 12.
• an Archimedean screw or a Da Vinci spiral or a mammoth pump can be provided both within the reactor and between reactors.

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