EP2405227B1 - Loading device and method for loading a weapon with separated munition and artillery gun with a weapon and a loading device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a loading device for loading a weapon with divided ammunition, with a Ansetzfläche for attaching a projectile in its Ansetzstellung in the cargo space of the weapon. Further objects of the invention form a gun with a cargo space having weapon and a loading device for loading the weapon and a method for loading a weapon with a loading device.

Guns with larger caliber weapons, such as artillery pieces, howitzers, etc., are often operated with split ammunition consisting of the actual projectile and the propellant charges ignitable to accelerate the projectile. In contrast to cartridged ammunition, the projectile and the propellant charges are introduced separately into the cargo space of the weapon, so that the amount of propellant charge can be varied depending on the situation by the number of propellant charges used.

GB 2 065 841 A describes a loading device for such a weapon, which makes it possible to introduce projectile and propellant simultaneously in the cargo space of the weapon.

To load the weapon, the projectile is first conveyed via a charging device, often referred to as a piecing device, into an attachment position in the cargo space of the weapon. For this purpose, the projectile is first moved to a position behind the weapon and then transported via a mounting surface of the piecing in the cargo space of the weapon. After the bullet has been transported into the cargo space, the piecing is withdrawn from the cargo space and then arranged in a further step, the propellant charges behind the bullet.

In this context, it has proved to be disadvantageous in terms of achievable cadence, that first the loading device must be pulled out of the cargo space of the weapon and only then the propellant charges can be introduced into the cargo space, which is associated with a relatively large amount of time.

The object of the invention is to improve a loading device, a gun and a method of the type mentioned in terms of robustness.

This object is achieved in a charging device according to claim 1.

By provided on the loader propellant charge recording, it is possible to simultaneously promote the propellant charges in the cargo space of the weapon when preparing a projectile. In the propellant charge recording several propellant charges can be arranged, which are introduced when attaching the projectile in one step together with the projectile in the cargo space of the weapon, which can quickly aufmunitionieren the weapon and an increased cadence or fast shot sequence can be realized.

In a constructive embodiment, it is proposed that the attachment surface is arranged on an end face of the propellant charge receptacle. The front side of the propellant charge receptacle can be aligned substantially transversely to the axis of the tube axis of the weapon and form a pressure surface for attaching the projectile.

It is also proposed that the attachment surface is arranged on the front end side of the propellant charge receptacle viewed in the attachment direction. With the help of this solution, the propellant charges are in a position close to that of the floor of the storey. The attachment surface can also be designed such that it can be introduced for attachment of the projectile in its Ansetzstellung in the cargo space of the weapon. With a arranged on the front end of the propellant charge receiving surface, the introduction of the projectile into the cargo space of the weapon can be done in the manner of a plunger.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the propellant charge receptacle is formed cup-shaped. In an upwardly open, shell-shaped propellant charge recording, the propellant charges can be used from above into the propellant charge recording. Due to the shell shape, a defined position of the propellant charges in the propellant charge uptake can be achieved. In a receiving space extending along the inside of the propellant charge receptacle, the propellant charges can be absorbed.

In this context, it is further proposed that the outer contour of the propellant charge receptacle has the shape of a circular arc. The circular arc contour can be adapted to the inner contour of the cargo space of the weapon. For example, the adaptation may be selected such that substantially uniform gaps result between the outer contour and the inner contour in the end position of the charger device over its length. The propellant charge can be configured as a part-cylindrical shell or partially cylindrical tube.

The inner contour of the propellant charge receptacle is preferably adapted to the outer contour of the propellant charge. In particular, the adaptation can be selected such that the propellant charge lies flat against the inner contour of the propellant charge receptacle, resulting in a defined position of the propellant charge.

It is also proposed that the inner contour of the propellant charge receptacle has the shape of a circular arc. The radius of this circular arc can essentially correspond to the radius of the propellant charges.

Of constructive advantage is an embodiment of the propellant charge, in which the radius of the inner contour is smaller than the radius of the outer contour.

Also of constructive advantage is an embodiment in which the circle centers of the outer and inner contour are arranged offset from one another in such a way that the cross section of the propellant charge receptacle is sickle-shaped. A crescent-shaped propellant charge receptacle allows greater freedom of design on its broad side. In particular, additional attachment parts or connections to such can be arranged on this material-thicker side.

In this context, it is further proposed that the attachment surface is at least partially formed by a Ansetzriegel. By a movably hinged Ansetzriegel the frontal attachment surface can be increased. The propellant charge can be opened by moving the Ansetzriegels to the cargo space of the weapon, so that the propellant charges can be transported from the propellant charge in the cargo space. When closed, the Ansetzriegel can be used for attaching a projectile in its Ansetzstellung.

In this context, it is further proposed that the one end of the Ansetzriegels pivotally connected via a hinge, in particular articulated on an end face of the propellant charge receptacle. Of constructive advantage is an embodiment in which the hinge is arranged on the broad side of the crescent-shaped propellant charge recording.

It is also proposed that the propellant charge receptacle comprises an abutment for pressure-resistant support of the other end of the Ansetzriegels. Preferably, the anvil is arranged on the narrow side of the crescent-shaped propellant charge recording.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the abutment on the propellant charge receptacle is arranged diametrically opposite the hinge. This results in a two-point bearing formed of hinge and abutment.

With regard to a gun of the type mentioned above, it is proposed for the purpose of the above-mentioned object that the loading device be configured in such a way that it can be inserted into the cargo space of the weapon for loading the weapon.

By insertable into the cargo space of the weapon loading device, it is possible to promote the attachment of a projectile in one step, the propellant charges in the cargo space of the weapon. For introducing the propellant charges, it is not necessary to first remove the charging device from the cargo space. Both the projectile and the propellant charges can be introduced almost simultaneously into the cargo space of the weapon, whereby an increased cadence can be realized.

Of constructive advantage is an embodiment, according to which the outer contour of the loading device is adapted to the inner contour of the cargo space. With such a configuration, the adjacent surfaces can slide along each other, whereby a guide of the charging device can be achieved within the cargo space, which ultimately results in improved reproducibility when preparing the projectile.

Preferred is an embodiment in which the cargo space widens in the direction of the tube axis of the weapon, wherein the outer contour of the loading device is adapted to the widening of the weapon. Such adapted to the inner contour of the cargo space loading device can by exploiting the have available space thicker outer walls, whereby the charging device can be made more stable and stiffer.

It is also proposed that the gun has a retainer which is movable behind the receiving space of the propellant charge receptacle. Such a retainer can be brought into the area behind the propellant charges, so that the propellant charges are kept within the cargo space of the weapon upon retraction of the loader from the cargo space via the retainer. The retainer may be insertable into the cargo space of the weapon. Alternatively, however, the retainer may also be movable in front of the loading-side end of the cargo space. The retainer can also be formed by a closure wedge of the weapon, which is at least partially moved in front of the loading side end of the barrel.

With regard to a method of the type mentioned above, it is proposed to achieve the above object that the loading device is introduced into the cargo space of the weapon.

Since the propellant charges are introduced into the cargo space together with the projectile during insertion of the charging device, an improved cadence can be achieved with such a method. It is not necessary to first remove a piecing from the cargo space of the weapon, only then to bring the propellant charges can. Rather, the propellants and the projectile can be introduced in one step.

Preference is given to a method in which the propellant charges are introduced into the cargo space when attaching the projectile. The projectile and the propellant charges can be brought into the cargo space of the weapon virtually at the same time in one movement.

Particularly advantageous is a method in which the propellant charges are held on the retraction of the charging device from the cargo space on the retainer in the cargo space. Since the retainer holds only the propellant charges, but not the charging device, the propellant charges can be kept in the cargo space during retraction of the charging device from the cargo space. This results in a relative displacement of the propellant charges relative to the charger device. The loading device can be pulled out of the charge space of the weapon under the propellant charges, while the propellant charges on the retainer rest snugly in the cargo space of the weapon.

In a further embodiment, it is proposed that the Ansetzriegel opens during retraction of the charging device from the cargo space by the held on the retainer propellant charges. When pulling out of the loading device from the cargo space of Ansetzriegel can be opened so that it rests flat against the wall of the cargo space of the weapon and can be pulled past the fixed on the retainer propellant charges.

Thus, the Ansetzriegel can automatically open during retraction of the loader from the cargo space of the weapon, it is further proposed that in the cargo space between the bottom of the projectile and the Ansetzfläche the loading device, a free space is available, in which the Ansetzriegel can swing. In a further embodiment, it is proposed that the axial length of this clearance is at least equal to the length of the Ansetzriegels.

Fig. 1

eine Ladevorrichtung mit einem Geschoss und mehreren Treibladungen in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Fig. 2

eine vergrößerte Teilansicht der Ladevorrichtung gemäß der Darstellung in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

einen Querschnitt durch die in der Fig. 1 dargestellte Ladevorrichtung und den Ladungsraum der Waffe,

Fig. 4

eine Ladevorrichtung mit geschlossenem Ansetzriegel,

Fig. 5

eine Ladevorrichtung mit teilweise geöffnetem Ansetzriegel,

Fig. 6

die Ladevorrichtung aus Fig. 5 in einer Draufsicht,

Fig. 7

eine Schnittansicht einer Waffe im aufmunitionierten Zustand und

Fig. 8

eine Schnittansicht einer unmunitionierten Waffe.

Further advantages and details of the invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show:

Fig. 1

a loading device with a projectile and several propellant charges in perspective view,

Fig. 2

an enlarged partial view of the charging device as shown in FIG Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

a cross section through in the Fig. 1 illustrated loading device and the cargo space of the weapon,

Fig. 4

a loading device with a closed attachment bolt,

Fig. 5

a loading device with partially opened Ansetzriegel,

Fig. 6

the charger off Fig. 5 in a plan view,

Fig. 7

a sectional view of a weapon in the ammunitionierten state and

Fig. 8

a sectional view of an unmounted weapon.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a loading device 2 according to the invention for loading a weapon with divided ammunition consisting of a projectile 1 and a number of a total of six propellant charges 4 in the embodiment.

The loading device 2 consists of an attachment surface 3 for attachment of the projectile 1 and a building unit behind it arranged propellant charge recording 8, which will be discussed in detail below.

The attachment surface 3 is arranged on the front side of the propellant charge receptacle 8 and serves in the manner of a plunger for attaching the projectile 1 in its Ansetzstellung in the cargo space 10 of a weapon 11, see. also Fig. 8 , About the Ansetzfläche 3 a Ansetzdruck is applied to the bottom of the projectile 1 and the projectile 1 is transported in this way in its Ansetzstellung within the cargo space 10.

As in particular the enlarged view in Fig. 2 can recognize, the Ansetzfläche 3 is formed as a flat Ansetzriegel 9, which is hinged via a hinge 7 pivotally mounted on the end face of the propellant charge receptacle 8.

Viewed in the direction of attachment behind the attachment surface 3, the propellant charge receiving 8, which has a receiving space for receiving one or more propellant charges 4 extends. The receiving space of the propellant charge receptacle 8 is shown in the illustration Fig. 2 closed at the front over the Ansetzriegel 9. The rear end of the recording room is open.

The propellant charge receptacle 8 is designed in the manner of an upwardly open, partially cylindrical support shell, on the upper side of which the propellant charges 4 rest slidably in the axial direction. The radius R of the outer contour of the propellant charge recording 8 is greater than the radius r of the inner contour or the bearing surface of the propellant charge receiving 8. The circle centers of the outer contour and the inner contour are offset from each other, see. Fig. 3 , By this offset of the circle centers results in a sickle-shaped cross-section of the propellant charge recording 8 with a thicker material side and a weaker material side narrow side.

Trained as a hinge Ansetzriegel 9 is articulated freely pivotable on the thicker material side propellant charge 8. On the diametrically opposite narrow side of the propellant charge receiver 8 is an abutment 6, on which the freely pivotable end of the closed bolt 9 is supported pressure-resistant. The anvil 6 and the hinge 7 are located in a horizontal plane which extends through the center of the cross section of the propellant charge receiver 8. Thus, the Ansetzriegel 9 extends in its closed position along a midpoint line from the hinge 7 on the circle center of the outer contour of the propellant charge receptacle 8 toward the anvil 6th

The Ansetzriegel 9 is of a total beam-shaped geometry and has a thickness which substantially corresponds to the thickness of the broad side of the propellant charge receiving 8. Therefore, the Ansetzriegel 9 can be pivoted so that it does not protrude in its open position in Ansetzrichtung over the broad side of the propellant charge recording 8. The Ansetzriegel 9 is hidden in its open position behind the material of the broadside.

Like the illustration in Fig. 3 can be further seen, the bearing surface of the propellant charge receiving 8 is adapted to the cylindrical geometry of the propellant charges 4, that they rest flat on the receiving surface. there the propellant charges 4 are positioned on the propellant charge receptacle 8 eccentric to the tube axis A of the weapon, cf. also Fig. 8 ,

As the representations in the FIGS. 7 and 8 in particular, the cargo space 10 widens along the axis of the pipe axis A in the direction of the loading-side end of the weapon 11. Accordingly, the pipe diameter D1 at a position inside the charge space 10 is smaller than the pipe diameter D2 in the region of the charge-side end of the charge space 10, cf. Fig. 8 , In order to be able to transfer high piecing forces, the cross section of the propellant charge receiver 8 follows this widening. As a result of this adaptation of the outer contour of the charging device 2 to the inner contour of the charge space 10, an increased compressive strength of the propellant charge receptacle 8 is achieved.

In the Fig. 7 Parts of a gun with a weapon 11 are shown, which has a closable via a closure wedge 12 cargo space 10. Within the cargo space 10, a projectile 1 and six propellant charges 4 can be seen. The closure wedge 12 is in its closed position, in which it completely closes off the charge space 10 on the loading side, so that the projectile 1 can be fired.

Based on FIGS. 4 to 7 will be explained in more detail below, a method for loading a weapon 11 with the charging device 2.

In a first step, the propellant charges 4 are introduced into the propellant charge receptacle 8 of the charging device 2. For this purpose, the propellant charges 4 are inserted from above into the receiving space of the propellant charge receptacle 8, so that they rest on the support surface 13. In this case, the propellant charges 4 may rest against the rear of the Ansetzriegels 9 or be arranged at a distance to this.

The projectile 1 is positioned in front of the attachment surface 3, in particular in front of the Ansetzriegel 9, the loading device 2. Subsequently, the loading device 2, including the propellant charge 4 received therein and the projectile 1 is moved to a position behind the cargo space 10, in which they are in axial alignment with the through the cargo space 10 extending bore A axis.

In a next step, the loading device 2 for attaching the projectile 1 at high speed in the cargo space 10 of the weapon 11 is introduced. The loading device 2 accelerates via the Ansetzriegel 9 the projectile 1 in the direction of its Ansetzstellung within the cargo space 10. The loading device 2 is so far introduced into the cargo space of the weapon, that the propellant charges 4 are introduced into the cargo space 10 of the weapon 11.

After attachment, the charging device 2 is removed from the cargo space 10, wherein both the projectile 1 and the propellant charges 4 remain in the cargo space. For this purpose, the charging device 2 is pulled out of the charge space 10 under the propellant charges 4. To prevent entrainment of resting on the propellant charge receiving 8 propellant charges 4, the propellant charges 4 are held by a retainer 12 in the cargo space 10. The retainer 12 may, as in Fig. 7 represented by the shutter wedge of the weapon 11 are formed, which is moved before the withdrawal of the charging device 2 from the cargo space 10 in a position in which it at least partially closes the charging-side end of the cargo space 10. The remaining opening of the cargo space 10 is dimensioned such that the charging device 2 can be removed through the opening from the cargo space, the propellant charges 4, however, held within the cargo space 10 become. In an alternative embodiment, the propellant charges 4 can be held in place of the closure wedge 12 by a separate retainer in the cargo space 10 of the weapon 11.

After the loading device 2 has been removed from the cargo space 10, the closure wedge 12 of the weapon 11 can be completely closed. For this purpose, the closure wedge 12 can be transferred from the partially closed position for removing the loading device 2 from the loading space 10 into a completely closed position, in which it completely seals the loading-side end of the loading space 10. This aufmunitionierte state of the weapon 11 is in Fig. 7 , shown.

As in Fig. 5 shown, the Ansetzriegel 9 is pivoted on retraction of the loading device 2 from the cargo space 10 by the pressure of the held on the retainer 12 propellant charges 4 on the inside of the Ansetzriegels 9 automatically. The propellant charges 4 are held during retraction of the charging device 2 via the retainer 12 in the cargo space 10, resulting in a relative movement between the charging device 2 and the propellant charges 4 results. The propellant charges 4 remain in the cargo space 10 and thereby pivot the Ansetzriegel 9.

With fully swung Ansetzriegel 9 this is applied to the side of the wall of the cargo space 10 and the charging device 2 can be pulled out of the charge space 10 under the propellant charges 4 therethrough. For this purpose, the thickness of the Ansetzriegels less than or equal to the thickness of the propellant charge receiver 8 on the side of the hinge 7. Therefore, the Ansetzriegel 9 as well as the propellant charge 8 between the propellant charge 4 and the inner contour of the charge space 10 from the charge space 10 to slide while the projectile 1 and the propellant charges 4 remain in their Ansetzstellung in the cargo space 10.

In order to be able to transfer the Ansetzriegel 9 in its open position, it is necessary that the distance X between the bottom of the projectile 1 and the retained propellant charges 4 is greater than or equal to the length L of Ansetzriegels 9, see. Figure 6 , Only when sufficient clearance for pivoting the Ansetzriegels 9 is present, it can be opened so far that it, hidden behind the material of the broadside, rests against the inner contour of the cargo space 10.

The above-described shared ammunition loading apparatus, and the gun comprising this loading apparatus and the method for loading a weapon with this loading apparatus make it possible to set the projectile and the propellant charges in one movement. This allows a high firing frequency of the weapon. It is not necessary to first remove the loading device 2 used for attaching the projectile 1 from the cargo space 10, before the propellant charges can then be introduced, so that a rapid Aufmunitionieren the weapon is possible.

Reference numerals:

1

bullet

2

loader

3

attachment surface

4

propellant

6

thrust bearing

7

hinge

8th

Propellant charge acceptance

9

Ansetzriegel

10

cargo space

11

weapon

12

restrainer

13

bearing surface

A

Bore axis

D1

Pipe diameter

D2

Pipe diameter

L

Length of the Ansetzriegels

R

Radius of the outer contour

r

Radius of the inner contour

X

distance

Claims (15)

1. Loading device for loading a weapon (11) with separated munition, with a ramming surface (3) for ramming a projectile (1) in its ramming position in a loading chamber (10) of the weapon (11), and with a propellant charge receptacle (8) for receiving one or more propellant charges (4), wherein the ramming surface (3) is at least partially formed by an ramming bar (9), and wherein the one end of the ramming bar (9) is articulated pivotably on one end side of the propellant charge receptacle (8), characterized in that the propellant charge receptacle (8) comprises a counter bearing (6) for the pressure-resistant support of the other end of the attaching bar (9).
2. Loading device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ramming surface (3) is arranged on an end side of the propellant charge receptacle (8).
3. Loading device according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer contour of the propellant charge receptacle (8) is in the shape of an arc of a circle.
4. Loading device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner contour of the propellant charge receptacle (8) is matched to the outer contour of the propellant charge (4) in such a manner that the propellant charge (4) bears flat against the inner contour of the propellant charge receptacle (8).
5. Loading device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner contour of the propellant charge receptacle (8) is in the shape of an arc of a circle.
6. Loading device according to Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the circle centre points of the outer and inner contour are arranged offset in relation to each other in such a manner that the cross section of the propellant charge receptacle (8) is sickle-shaped.
7. Loading device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the one end of the ramming bar (9) is articulated pivotably on the end side of the propellant charge receptacle (8) via a hinge (7).
8. Loading device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the counter bearing (6) is arranged diametrically opposite the hinge (7).
9. Artillery gun with a weapon (11) having a loading chamber (10), and with a loading device (2) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loading device (2) is configured in such a manner that it is insertable into the loading chamber (10) of the weapon (11) in order to load the weapon (11).
10. Artillery gun according to Claim 9, characterized in that the loading chamber (10) widens in the direction of the tube core axis (A) of the weapon (11), wherein the outer contour of the loading device (2) is matched to the widening of the weapon (11).
11. Artillery gun according to either of Claims 9 and 10, characterized by a retainer (12) which is designed to be movable behind the receiving chamber of the propellant charge receptacle (8).
12. Method for loading a weapon (11) with a loading device (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the loading device (2) is inserted into the loading chamber (10) of the weapon (11).
13. Method according to Claim 12, characterized in that the propellant charges (4) are introduced into the loading chamber (10) when the projectile (1) is rammed.
14. Method according to Claim 13, characterized in that the propellant charges (4) are held in the loading chamber (10) via a retainer (12) when the loading device (2) is pulled back out of the loading chamber (10).
15. Method according to Claim 14, characterized in that the ramming bar (9) is opened by the propellant charges held via the retainer (12) when the loading device (2) is pulled back out of the loading chamber (10).

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