EP2404305B1 - Method for producing components for electrical contact and the corresponding components - Google Patents

Method for producing components for electrical contact and the corresponding components Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2404305B1
EP2404305B1 EP10705306.8A EP10705306A EP2404305B1 EP 2404305 B1 EP2404305 B1 EP 2404305B1 EP 10705306 A EP10705306 A EP 10705306A EP 2404305 B1 EP2404305 B1 EP 2404305B1
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Prior art keywords
components
passivation layer
component
aluminum
contact surfaces
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EP10705306.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2404305A1 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Gentsch
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
    • C25D5/022—Electroplating of selected surface areas using masking means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material

Definitions

  • Aluminum is a non-precious material, but which has a relatively high electrical conductivity. On electrical contact surfaces, however, corrosive processes can occur with other materials. To avoid this at the contact surfaces and to ensure the lowest possible and time-stable low electrical contact resistance these contact surfaces, and only these are coated with a noble metal such as gold or silver.
  • the passivation layer or the chemically applied layer can be embodied in a layer thickness of up to 100 micrometers.
  • the noble metal deposited as a coating is silver or gold. Since this is inventively and reproducibly deposited only on the really needed areas, significant amounts of precious metal are saved over other methods. With the chucking exposure of said areas to be coated with noble metal, or a chemical free etching of the same, these then again unpassivated areas can be made very accurately.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen, sowie Verwendung desselben, gemäß Oberbegriff der Patentansprüche 1 und 6.The present invention relates to a method for the production of components, and use thereof, according to the preamble of claims 1 and 6.

Für elektrische Bauteile wie Schalter, Kontakte von Schaltern und elektrische Verbinder ist es gewünscht bestmögliche, d.h. möglichst niedrige ohmsche Übergangswiderstände im Kontaktbereich zu haben. Hierzu ist es bekannt insbesondere Kontaktstellen zu versilbern oder zu vergolden. Dies sind teure Edelmetalle. Der elektrisch leitende Körper selbst hingegen ist im Übrigen aus einem elektrisch hoch leitfähigen Material wie Aluminium, und nur die Kontaktstellen sind dabei mit teueren Edelmetallen wie Gold oder Silber bedeckt.
Die Herstellung solcher zumeist aufgedampften Kontakte ist technisch aber auch aufwändig und schwierig, insbesondere um hierbei eine gleichbleibende Qualität solcher partieller Edelmetallbeschichtungen herzustellen. Ganz besonderen Anforderungen unterliegen solche Bauteile bzw Kontaktbauteile in Mittel- und ggfs Hochspannungsschaltanlagen. Hierbei sind großvolumige Bauteile notwendig die zumeist aus Aluminium bestehen. Deren partielle im elektrischen Kontakt- oder Kontaktierungsbereich vorgenommene Versllberungen oder Vergoldungen müssen solide ausgeführt sein, und insbesondere wegen der hohen Spannungswerte niedrigste ohmsche Widerstände ermöglichen, aber zugleich ein hohe Stromtragfähigkeit im Übergangsbereich der zumeist verschraubten Kontakstellen ermöglichen.
Aus der DE 25 19 257 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen für elektrische Kontakte oder elektrische Verbindungselemente, welche im Bereich der Kontaktflächen mit einer partiellen Edelmetallbeschichtung versehen werden. Dabei erfolgt die dort beschriebene Abscheidung dieses Edelmetalls aufwändig und nicht materialsparend.For electrical components such as switches, contacts of switches and electrical connectors, it is desirable to have the best possible, ie the lowest possible, resistive contact resistances in the contact region. For this purpose, it is known in particular to silver or gold-plated contact points. These are expensive precious metals. By contrast, the electrically conductive body itself is made of an electrically highly conductive material such as aluminum, and only the contact points are covered with expensive precious metals such as gold or silver.
The preparation of such mostly vapor-deposited contacts is technically but also complicated and difficult, in particular in order to produce a consistent quality of such partial noble metal coatings. Very special requirements are subject to such components or contact components in central and, if necessary, high-voltage switchgear. This large-volume components are necessary which are mostly made of aluminum. Their partial insulations or gold plating made in the electrical contact or contacting area must be solid, and in particular because of the high voltage values enable the lowest ohmic resistances, but at the same time enable a high current carrying capacity in the transition region of the usually screwed-on contact points.
From the DE 25 19 257 A1 is a method for producing components for electrical contacts or electrical connecting elements, which are provided in the region of the contact surfaces with a partial noble metal coating. The deposition of this precious metal described there takes place consuming and not material-saving.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren sowie ein Bauteil selbst dahingehend weiterzuentwickeln, dass unter minimalem Materialeinsatz von Edelmetallen eine einfachere Herstellung der partiellen Oberflächenbehandlung möglich ist, die ebenso eine optimale Stromtragfähigkeit aufweist.The invention is therefore based on the object further develop a method and a component itself to the effect that with minimal use of precious metals of a simpler production of the partial surface treatment is possible, which also has an optimal current carrying capacity.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der gattungsgemäßen Art erfindungsgemäß durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.The object is achieved according to the invention in a method of the generic type by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2 bis 5 angegeben.Further advantageous embodiments of the method are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 5.

In Anspruch 6 ist eine vorteilhafte Verwendung angegeben.In claim 6 an advantageous use is given.

Kern der verfahrensgemäßen Erfindung ist hierbei, dass die Bauteile insgesamt zunächst mit einer elektrischenlelektrisch isolierenden Passivierungsschicht versehen werden oder mit einer chemischen Substanz versehen wird und dass anschließend die Passivierung an den Kontaktstellen chemisch oder mechanisch entfernt wird, und das gesamte Bauteil anschließend in ein elektrolytisches Bad gegeben wird, in welchem auf diese Weise das Edelmetall nur auf den Partien des Bauteiles abscheidet, an welchem die Passivierung entfernt wurde.
Auf diese Weise wird nur soviel Edelmetall aufgebracht, wie auch benötigt wird.The core of the method according to the invention is that the components as a whole are initially provided with an electrically conductive insulating passivation layer or provided with a chemical substance and that the passivation at the contact points is subsequently removed chemically or mechanically, and then the entire component is placed in an electrolytic bath in which in this way the noble metal is deposited only on the parts of the component on which the passivation has been removed.
In this way, only as much precious metal is applied, as is needed.

Durch die auf die Abscheidungsstelle konzentrierte Abscheidung wird außerdem durch die mit der Elektrolyse einstellbaren Parameter der Vorgang im Höchstmaß reproduzierbar. Durch die elektrisch passivierte Oberfläche des Bauteiles im Übrigen wird nirgendwo sonst auf dem Bauteil in der Elektrolyse Edelmetall abgeschieden. Hierdurch wird das Verfahren deutlich vereinfacht, aber zugleich eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit möglich.
In weiteren vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist angegeben, dass das Bauteil aus Aluminium besteht und die Passivierungschicht aus einer als Eloxierung bezeichneten elektrolytisch erzeugten Aluminiumoxidschicht besteht. Im Falle einer chemischen Abscheidung kann das sog. Sol-Gel - Verfahren Anwendung finden. Bei dieser Materialwahl ist die Herstellung einer Passivierungsschicht auf einfache Weise möglich. Aluminium ist dabei ein unedles Material, welches aber eine relativ hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit besitzt. An elektrischen Kontaktflächen hingegen können korrosive Prozesse mit anderen Materialen erfolgen. Um dies an den Kontaktflächen zu vermeiden und einen möglichst geringen und zeitstabil niedrigen elektrischen Übergangswiderstand zu gewährleisten sind diese Kontaktflächen, und nur diese mit einem Edelmetall wie Gold oder Silber beschichtet.The deposition, which is concentrated on the deposition site, also makes the process reproducible to the utmost extent by the parameters which can be set with the electrolysis. By the electrically passivated surface of the component by the way nowhere else on the component in the electrolysis noble metal is deposited. As a result, the process is significantly simplified, but at the same time a high reproducibility possible.
In a further advantageous embodiment, it is stated that the component consists of aluminum and the passivation layer consists of an electrolytically produced aluminum oxide layer designated as anodization. In the case of a chemical deposition, the so-called sol-gel method can be used. With this choice of material, the production of a passivation layer is possible in a simple manner. Aluminum is a non-precious material, but which has a relatively high electrical conductivity. On electrical contact surfaces, however, corrosive processes can occur with other materials. To avoid this at the contact surfaces and to ensure the lowest possible and time-stable low electrical contact resistance these contact surfaces, and only these are coated with a noble metal such as gold or silver.

In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist angegeben, dass die aus Aluminium bestehenden Bauteile direkt nach der Herstellung durch Warmpressen, Schmieden oder als Aluminiumgussteil eloxiert werden. Hieran den Eloxierungsprozess oder den Sol-Gel- Prozess anzuschließen ist fertigungstechnisch einfacher und billiger.In a further advantageous embodiment, it is stated that the components made of aluminum are anodized directly after production by hot pressing, forging or as an aluminum casting. Connecting the anodization process or the sol-gel process to this is simpler and cheaper in terms of manufacturing technology.

Vorteilhafterweise kann die Passivierungsschicht oder die chemisch aufgebrachte Schicht in einer Schichtdicke bis 100 Mikrometer ausgeführt sein.Advantageously, the passivation layer or the chemically applied layer can be embodied in a layer thickness of up to 100 micrometers.

In besonders vorteilhafter Weise ist ausgestaltet, dass die Bauteile einer Nieder-Mittels- oder Hochspannungsschaltanlage sind, bei welchen die Passivierungsschicht lediglich von den Bereichen entfernt und dort die Edelmetallbeschichtung abgeschieden wird, die die Kontaktflächen mit anderen Bauteilen bilden.In a particularly advantageous manner is configured that the components of a low-medium or high voltage switchgear are in which the passivation layer only removed from the areas and there the noble metal coating is deposited, which form the contact surfaces with other components.

Im Hinblick auf ein Bauteil einer elektrischen Schaltanlage, auf denen sich Kontaktflächen zur Herstellung von Kontakten mit anderen Bauteilen befinden, besteht der Kern der Erfindung darin, dass ausschließlich die Oberflächenbereiche die als Kontaktflächen dienen mit Edelmetall beschichtet sind, und die übrige Oberfläche mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Passivierungsschicht versehen ist. Somit wird bei der Anwendung von Aluminium als Bauteilmaterial eine hohe Stromtragfähigkeit des Bauteiles mit einem vergleichsweise preiswerten Material ermöglicht, während nur die elektrisch stark beanspruchten Kontaktbereiche mit einem Edelmetall beschichtet sind.With regard to a component of an electrical switchgear, on which there are contact surfaces for making contacts with other components, the core of the invention is that only the surface areas serving as contact surfaces are coated with noble metal, and the remaining surface with an electrically insulating Passivation layer is provided. Thus, when using aluminum as a component material, a high current carrying capacity of the Components with a comparatively inexpensive material allows, while only the electrically highly stressed contact areas are coated with a precious metal.

Vorzugsweise liegt die Schichtdicke der Passivierungsschicht zwischen 0,05 und 100 Mikrometer.The layer thickness of the passivation layer is preferably between 0.05 and 100 micrometers.

In weiterer vorteillhafter Ausgestaltung ist angegeben, dass das als Beschichtung abgeschiedene Edelmatall Silber oder Gold ist. Da dieses erfindungsgemäß und reproduzierbar nur auf den wirklich benötigten Bereichen abgeschieden wird, werden gegenüber anderen Verfahren erhebliche Mengen von Edelmetall eingespart. Mit der spanenden Freilegung der besagten mit Edelmetall zu belegenden Bereiche, oder einer chemischen Freiätzung derselben können diese sodann wieder unpassivierten Bereiche sehr genau gefertigt werden.In a further embodiment, it is specified that the noble metal deposited as a coating is silver or gold. Since this is inventively and reproducibly deposited only on the really needed areas, significant amounts of precious metal are saved over other methods. With the chucking exposure of said areas to be coated with noble metal, or a chemical free etching of the same, these then again unpassivated areas can be made very accurately.

Außerdem wird der Vorgang des Aufbringens des Edelmetalls durch elektrolytische Abscheidung sehr einfach, weil man das gesamte Bauteil in das Elektrolysebad einlegen kann. Automatisch wird nur dort Edelmetall abgeschieden, wo die freigelegten Flächen der Passivierungschicht vorliegen. So wird automatisch nur dort Edelmetall abgeschieden, obwohl das gesamte Bauteil im Elektrolysebad liegt.In addition, the process of depositing the noble metal by electrolytic deposition becomes very easy because the entire component can be inserted into the electrolytic bath. Automatically, precious metals are deposited only where the exposed surfaces of the passivation layer are present. Thus, precious metals are automatically deposited there only, even though the entire component is in the electrolysis bath.

In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist angegeben, dass die Passivierungsschicht aus einem Oxid des Materials des Bauteils besteht, wobei vorzugsweise das Bauteil aus Aluminium besteht und das Oxid, das heisst die Passivierungsschicht Aluminiumoxid ist.In a further advantageous embodiment, it is indicated that the passivation layer consists of an oxide of the material of the component, wherein preferably the component consists of aluminum and the oxide, that is, the passivation layer is alumina.

Die Erfindung ist an einem Ausgestaltungsbeispiel in der Zeichnung dargestellt und nachfolgend näher beschrieben.The invention is illustrated by a design example in the drawing and described in more detail below.

Es zeigt:

Figur 1:
Polteil einer Mittelspannungsschaltanlage
Figur 2:
Detail eines erfindungsgemäß beschichteten Bauteiles eines Polteils.
It shows:
FIG. 1:
Pole part of a medium voltage switchgear
FIG. 2:
Detail of an inventively coated component of a pole piece.

Figur 1 zeigt im Querschnitt ein sogenanntes Polteil einer Mittelspannungsschaltanlage.
Innerhalb desselben ist eine Vakuuschaltkammer 10 angeordnet. Die Abschlüsse derselben sind über die Anschlussteile 12 und 13 nach außen geführt. In einem Ausgestaltungsbeispiel der Erfindung sind diese Anschlussteile 12 und 13 mit der erfindungsgemäßen Bereichsversilberung versehen. FIG. 1 shows in cross section a so-called pole part of a medium-voltage switchgear.
Within the same, a vacuum switching chamber 10 is arranged. The terminations of the same are guided via the connection parts 12 and 13 to the outside. In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, these connection parts 12 and 13 are provided with the area-silvering according to the invention.

Figur 2 zeigt im Detail das obere Anschlussstück 13. Da es hier auf den Erhalt einer hohen Stromtragfähigkeit ankommt sind diese Teile aus gut leitendem Material, wie bspw Aluminium. Um jedoch an der äußeren Anschlussfläche eine möglichst geringen Übergangswiderstand zu erzielen, werden genau diese Bereiche, und nur diese Bereiche in der erfindungsgemäßen mit Edelmetallen beschichtet.
Um zu vermeiden, dass unnötig viel Edelmetall verschwendet wird, indem bspw wie bekannt, das ganze Bauteil 12 mit Edelmetall beschichtet wird, wird das Aluminiumbauteil zunächst passiviert bspw eloxiert und anschließend wird nur die benötigte Anschlussfläche 20 mit Edelmetall beschichtet. Dies minimiert den Verbrauch von Edelmetall nur auf die benötigten Areale. Zu diesem Zweck wird vor der Beschichtung nur im benötigten Bereich der Anschlussfläche 20 wieder die Passiervierung entfernt, so dass sich bei der Edelmetallbeschichtung dort, und nur dort Edelmetall abscheidet. FIG. 2 shows in detail the upper connector 13. Since it depends on the receipt of a high current carrying capacity, these parts are made of good conductive material, such as aluminum. However, in order to achieve the lowest possible contact resistance at the outer pad, exactly these areas, and only these areas are coated in the invention with precious metals.
In order to avoid that unnecessarily much precious metal is wasted by, for example, as is known, the whole component 12 is coated with noble metal, the aluminum component is first passivated, for example, anodized and then only the required connection surface 20 is coated with noble metal. This minimizes the consumption of precious metal only to the required areas. For this purpose, the passivation is removed again only in the required area of the connection surface 20 before the coating, so that precious metal coating is deposited there, and only there precious metal, in the noble metal coating.

Außer bei dem hier dargestellten Bauteil ist die Erfindung anwendbar auf folgende Bauteile einer Nieder- Mittel- oder Hochspannungsschaltanlage:

  • Sämtliche Anschlussteile im Polgehäuse einer Schaltanlage, die im Volumen aus Aluminium bestehen und nur eine Anschlussteilfläche haben, an der eine Kontaktierung mit anderen stromführenden Teilen vorgenommen wird.
  • Elektrische und mechanische Durchführungen an einem Polteil einer Schaltanlage.
  • Sammelschienen einer Mittelspannungsschaltanlage.
Except for the component shown here, the invention is applicable to the following components of a low-medium or high-voltage switchgear:
  • All connection parts in the pole housing of a switchgear, which are made of aluminum in volume and have only one Anschlußssteilfläche on which a contact with other live parts is made.
  • Electrical and mechanical bushings on a pole part of a switchgear.
  • Busbars of a medium-voltage switchgear.

Claims (6)

  1. Method for producing components for electrical contacts or electrical connecting elements, which are provided with a partial noble-network coating in the area of the contact surfaces,
    characterized in that
    the components are first of all provided overall with an electrical/electrically insulating passivation layer and/or are chemically coated using the sol-gel process or with a plastic coating, and in that this passivation is then chemically or mechanically removed at the contact points, and the entire component is then passed to an electrolytic bath, in which, in this way, the noble metal is deposited only on those parts of the component from which the passivation has been removed.
  2. Method according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the component is composed of aluminum, and the passivation layer is composed of an aluminum-oxide layer which is produced electrolytically and is referred to as anodization.
  3. Method according to Claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the components which are composed of aluminum are anodized directly after production by heat pressing, forging or as an aluminum casting.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    the passivation layer is applied with a layer thickness of up to 100 micrometers.
  5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
    the components are components of a low-voltage, medium-voltage or high-voltage switchgear assembly, in which components the passivation layer is removed only from those areas which form the contact surfaces with other components and the noble-metal coating is deposited there.
  6. Use of the method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, for producing a component of an electrical switchgear assembly, on which contact surfaces are located for making contacts with other components, wherein only those surface areas which are used as contact surfaces are coated with noble metal, and the rest of the surface is provided with an electrically insulating passivation layer.
EP10705306.8A 2009-03-06 2010-02-22 Method for producing components for electrical contact and the corresponding components Active EP2404305B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009012145.5A DE102009012145B4 (en) 2009-03-06 2009-03-06 Process for the production of components, as well as components themselves
PCT/EP2010/001086 WO2010099879A1 (en) 2009-03-06 2010-02-22 Method for producing components for electrical contacts, and components themselves

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2404305A1 EP2404305A1 (en) 2012-01-11
EP2404305B1 true EP2404305B1 (en) 2016-10-05

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ID=42112182

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EP10705306.8A Active EP2404305B1 (en) 2009-03-06 2010-02-22 Method for producing components for electrical contact and the corresponding components

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US (2) US20120168198A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2404305B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102341877A (en)
DE (1) DE102009012145B4 (en)
WO (1) WO2010099879A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2594820A (en) * 1947-04-10 1952-04-29 Stern Charles Process for manufacturing timepiece dials
US3895971A (en) * 1973-05-18 1975-07-22 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Method of lubricating an aluminum workpiece
US3941957A (en) * 1974-05-09 1976-03-02 Tilman Ted N High current high voltage switch structure with conductive piston
US3927841A (en) * 1974-05-09 1975-12-23 Flight Connector Corp Contact
DE2519257B2 (en) * 1975-04-30 1979-08-23 Deutsche Bundespost Vertreten Durch Den Praesidenten Des Fernmeldetechnischen Zentralamtes, 6100 Darmstadt Electrical contact that is protected against the creeping up of foreign matter, preferably noble metal composite contact rivet
DE2536985B2 (en) * 1975-08-20 1977-10-06 W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau ELECTRICAL CONTACT, IN PARTICULAR PLUG-IN CONTACT AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING IT
DE2659012C3 (en) * 1976-12-27 1980-01-24 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Process for producing a sintered contact material from silver and embedded metal oxides
DE3336130A1 (en) * 1983-10-05 1985-04-18 Standard Elektrik Lorenz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart ELECTRIC SWITCH
US5236628A (en) * 1991-02-27 1993-08-17 Metallon Engineered Materials Corporation Noble metal and solid-phase lubricant composition and electrically conductive interconnector
DE9312171U1 (en) * 1993-08-14 1993-11-25 Rafi Gmbh & Co Carrier plate
US5780525A (en) * 1997-02-14 1998-07-14 Reliance Electric Industrial Company Photocurable composition for electrical insulation
CA2254349C (en) * 1997-11-19 2003-11-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Joined structure of dissimilar metallic materials
EP2139016A1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2009-12-30 ABB Technology AG Pole part of a medium-voltage or high-voltage switchgear assembly, and method for its production

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Publication number Publication date
US20130240367A1 (en) 2013-09-19
DE102009012145A1 (en) 2010-09-23
US20120168198A1 (en) 2012-07-05
WO2010099879A1 (en) 2010-09-10
EP2404305A1 (en) 2012-01-11
DE102009012145B4 (en) 2014-02-20
CN102341877A (en) 2012-02-01

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