EP2400240B1 - Method for controlling a storage device in a coolant circuit - Google Patents

Method for controlling a storage device in a coolant circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2400240B1
EP2400240B1 EP11165429.9A EP11165429A EP2400240B1 EP 2400240 B1 EP2400240 B1 EP 2400240B1 EP 11165429 A EP11165429 A EP 11165429A EP 2400240 B1 EP2400240 B1 EP 2400240B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
circuit
temperature
storage device
compressor
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EP11165429.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2400240A1 (en
Inventor
Mohamed Yahia
Jin-ming LIU
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
    • F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/24—Storage receiver heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2111—Temperatures of a heat storage receiver

Definitions

  • the technical sector of the present invention is that of air conditioning loops used in motor vehicles. More particularly, the invention relates to an air conditioning loop used in heating or heat pump mode and incorporating a calorie storage device.
  • a motor vehicle is conventionally equipped with an air conditioning loop inside which circulates a refrigerant or refrigerant.
  • This loop conventionally comprises a compressor, a gas cooler or condenser, an expander and an evaporator traversed by a refrigerant.
  • the evaporator is installed in a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system that is generally installed in the passenger compartment of the vehicle in order to provide the latter with a hot air flow or a cold air flow according to a request from the customer. user of the vehicle.
  • the gas cooler or condenser is conventionally installed on the front of the vehicle to be traversed by the flow of air outside the vehicle.
  • This refrigerant loop can be used at least in cooling mode or heating mode.
  • cooling mode the refrigerant is circulated by the compressor which sends it to the gas cooler or condenser where the coolant is cooled by the outside air flow. Then, the coolant flows to the expander where it undergoes a lowering of its pressure before entering the evaporator.
  • the refrigerant fluid passing through the evaporator is then heated by the flow of air passing through the ventilation system, which is correlatively reflected by a cooling of this air flow in order to cool or cool the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the circuit being a closed loop, the refrigerant then returns to the compressor.
  • the fluid In heating mode, the fluid is circulated by the compressor which sends it to the evaporator, the latter then behaving as a condenser, where the coolant is cooled by the air circulating in the ventilation system. This air heats up in contact with the evaporator and thus heats the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the refrigerant After passing through the evaporator, the refrigerant is expanded by the regulator before arriving in the gas cooler or condenser. The outside air flow then heats the refrigerant and the outside air flow is therefore colder after passing through the condenser compared to its temperature before it passes through the condenser. The refrigerant then returns to the compressor.
  • the improvement of the coefficient of performance of such a loop is desired.
  • the installation of a storage device that exchanges with the refrigerant fluid improves the situation because a portion of the hot power can be stored and then returned when needed, especially in situations where the condenser icing which gene importantly the exchange between the refrigerant and the outside air.
  • control conditions of this storage device are not controlled.
  • US 2677243 discloses a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to solve the disadvantage described above mainly by cleverly controlling the exchange between the refrigerant and the calorie storage device according to the operating phases and efficiency available with the circuit refrigerant.
  • the invention makes it possible to control the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the storage device during the operating phases of the loop in which the condenser is not frosted.
  • the invention makes it possible to use the available calories of the storage device initially reserved for the defrosting of the condenser to improve the heating coefficient. loop performance when the condenser is not frosted.
  • the invention therefore relates to a method of controlling a storage device according to claim 1.
  • said method prohibits the heat exchange between the material and the refrigerant when the temperature of the material is higher than the temperature of the refrigerant determined at the outlet of the internal exchanger.
  • the circulation of refrigerant in the pipe is placed under the control of a control device and in which the authorization of heat exchange between the material and the refrigerant is implemented in closing the control device. This provides the possibility of passing through or bypassing the storage device according to the temperature comparison mentioned above.
  • the threshold temperature is equal to a temperature of the refrigerant to which is subtracted an operating margin. This ensures that the heat exchange is effective because the temperature difference is increased by the operating margin. The cycling effects of the method are also avoided by opening and closing the control device too recurrently.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant is measured by a first sensor implanted at the outlet of the internal exchanger.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant is measured by a sensor or is estimated from a pressure of said refrigerant measured between an output of a compressor equipping said circuit and an input of the relaxation.
  • the pressure is measured by a sensor in contact with the refrigerant and implanted directly at the outlet of the compressor.
  • the refrigerant circuit operates in heating mode.
  • the same circuit also works in cooling mode.
  • the temperature of the material is measured by a second sensor installed in the storage device.
  • the second sensor is installed so as to be in direct contact with the material.
  • the refrigerant circuit comprises a compressor and the heat exchange between the material and the refrigerant is allowed when a refrigerant pressure determined between the compressor and the expansion member is less than a threshold pressure.
  • the threshold pressure is dependent on a flow rate of a cabin air flow of a vehicle that exchanges with the refrigerant through the inner heat exchanger.
  • the refrigerant circuit includes a compressor and the exchange Thermal between the material and the refrigerant is allowed when a compression ratio of the compressor is lower than a threshold compression ratio.
  • the invention also covers a refrigerant circuit according to claim 11.
  • the storage device comprises a material which thermally exchanges with the refrigerant.
  • a second temperature sensor is in contact with the material and a first refrigerant temperature sensor is installed between the indoor heat exchanger and the storage device.
  • the circuit comprises a refrigerant pressure sensor installed between the compressor and the expansion element when the circuit operates in heating mode.
  • a first advantage according to the invention lies in the possibility of increasing the coefficient of performance of the circuit by restoring the hot power stored when needed.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the possibility of storing the necessary energy in order to defrost the external exchanger when the latter is used as an evaporator, ie when the circuit is operating in heating mode.
  • Another advantage lies in the possibility of storing the energy required for defrosting when the circuit has favorable operating conditions, that is to say under conditions where the accumulation of energy in the storage device does not occur. does not affect the performance of the refrigerant circuit.
  • the figure 1 illustrates an air conditioning circuit or refrigerant circuit 1 traversed by a refrigerant or refrigerant FR, subcritical or supercritical type, and comprising a compressor 2 with mechanical or electrical control, fixed or variable displacement.
  • the compressor 2 is connected to an inner heat exchanger 3 by a pipe or tube which communicates a first orifice 18 of the compressor 2 with a first orifice 5 of the inner heat exchanger.
  • This indoor exchanger 3 is mounted in a ventilation, heating and air conditioning system 4 conventionally installed in a interior of a vehicle to deliver a flow of hot air or a cold air flow in the latter, depending on the demand of the user of the vehicle.
  • the interior heat exchanger 3 is therefore traversed by a cabin air flow 6 which circulates in the ventilation system.
  • a second orifice 7 of the internal exchanger 3 is connected to a first orifice 8 of a storage device 9, the latter also comprising a second orifice 10 connected to a first orifice 12 of a detent 11.
  • a second orifice 13 of the expansion member 11 is connected to a first orifice 14 of an external exchanger 15 via a pipe.
  • An outside air flow 16 to the vehicle passes through the body of the external exchanger 15 so as to exchange calories with the refrigerant circulating in the external exchanger 15.
  • a second orifice 17 of the external exchanger 15 communicates with a second orifice 19 of refrigerant FR constituting the compressor 2.
  • the storage device 9 has the function of collecting and storing calories by exchange between the refrigerant FR which passes through and a material 20, the latter being for example a phase-change material.
  • This storage device acts as a reserve of calories which captures a heating power under certain operating conditions of the refrigerant circuit, for example when the coefficient of performance of the circuit is high, and which restores it under other conditions, for example when the coefficient of performance of the circuit is degraded.
  • the refrigerant circuit 1 operates in at least two modes: a heating mode of the passenger compartment and a cooling mode of the passenger compartment.
  • the refrigerant FR is set in motion in the circuit 1 in a direction of circulation represented on the figure 1 by the dotted arrows.
  • This circulation is operated by the compressor 2 which sends the refrigerant to the external exchanger 15.
  • the latter then behaves as a gas cooler or condenser, the refrigerant FR is thus cooled by the flow of outside air 16.
  • the expansion member 11 then receives the refrigerant is applied to the latter a lowering of its pressure.
  • the refrigerant FR then continues its movement towards the inner heat exchanger 3.
  • the refrigerant bypasses the storage device 9 via a pipe 21 connected on one side between the second orifice 10 of the storage device and the first orifice 12 of the expansion member 11 and the another between the second orifice 7 of the inner heat exchanger 3 and the first orifice 8 of the storage device 9.
  • the circulation of refrigerant through this pipe 21 is placed under the control of a control device 22, which takes the form of an electrically controlled shut-off valve.
  • the circulation of the refrigerant FR continues to the inner heat exchanger 3 where the air flow 6 is cooled by exchange with the refrigerant within the inner heat exchanger. The latter then behaves like an evaporator.
  • the refrigerant FR flows to the compressor 2 before being compressed again to perform the thermodynamic cycle mentioned above.
  • the heating mode of the passenger compartment works as follows.
  • the direction of circulation of the refrigerant FR is reversed, this direction being symbolized by arrows in strong line.
  • This inversion of the flow direction of the refrigerant is operated directly by the compressor 2 as is the case of the embodiment of the invention. figure 1 or via a four-way valve as illustrated in the embodiment of the figure 2 .
  • the compressor 2 compresses, heats and circulates the refrigerant FR to the indoor heat exchanger 3.
  • the inner heat exchanger 3 behaves like a gas condenser or cooler and the refrigerant in the gaseous state and warm exchange with the cabin air flow 6, thus producing a heating of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the refrigerant FR continues its circulation either through the storage device 9, or through the pipe 21 when the control device 22 is open. When the control device 22 is open, the refrigerant naturally bypasses the storage device 9 because the pressure drop in the pipe 21 is lower than the pressure drop in the storage device when the refrigerant passes through it.
  • the expansion member 11 then applies a lowering of the pressure of the refrigerant before the latter enters the inside of the external exchanger 15.
  • This external exchanger 15 then behaves like an evaporator because the outside air flow 16 is cooled by exchange with the refrigerant flowing in the external exchanger 15.
  • the refrigerant ends its path by returning to the second port 19 of the compressor 2 to perform a thermodynamic cycle again. In this situation, the refrigerant circuit 1 operates in heating mode, otherwise known as heat pump.
  • the storage device is particularly used during the heating mode to complete the heat exchange carried out in the internal heat exchanger 3.
  • the refrigerant which passes through the internal heat exchanger 3 is cooled by the flow of indoor air, the latter being heated.
  • the storage device is then used to improve the performance coefficient of the circuit.
  • This storage device also plays a role of leverage during the defrosting phase of the external exchanger.
  • the figure 2 shows a variant of the refrigerant circuit according to the figure 1 .
  • the reversal of the direction of circulation of the refrigerant inside the circuit is operated by means of a four-way valve 23 which manages the circulation of the refrigerant of the compressor either to the external exchanger 15 in cooling mode or to the indoor heat exchanger 3 in heating mode.
  • the compressor thus sends the compressed refrigerant through its first orifice 18 and receives the fluid at low pressure through its second orifice 19 whatever the operating mode of the circuit, that is to say in heating mode or in cooling mode.
  • This figure 2 illustrates a position of the four-way valve 23 according to the heating mode.
  • a control module 24 receives information relating to the circuit and manages the control of certain components of this same circuit.
  • the control module 24 receives an electrical signal from a sensor 25 placed in the circuit between the second orifice 17 of the external heat exchanger 15 and the second orifice 19 of the compressor 2.
  • This sensor 25 measures the pressure of the refrigerant FR in the low pressure side circuit, this side extending from the second orifice 13 of the expansion member 11 to the second orifice 19 of the compressor 2.
  • the low pressure sensor 25 is installed immediately upstream (in the direction of circulation of the refrigerant) of the compressor, that is to say between a first outlet 27 of the four-way valve and the second orifice 19 of the compressor 2.
  • the control module also receives electrical information which is the image of the pressure in the circuit 1 on the high pressure side, that is to say between the first orifice 18 of the compressor 2 and the first orifice 12 of the 11.
  • This information is delivered by a high pressure sensor 28 in contact with the refrigerant FR.
  • the high pressure sensor 28 is implanted directly downstream of the compressor 2, that is to say between the first orifice 18 of the compressor and a first inlet 29 of the four-way valve 23. This sensor thus measures the discharge pressure of the compressor.
  • the control module 24 still receives two electrical information.
  • a first piece of information relates to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 3.
  • a first temperature sensor 30 is therefore installed on or in the circuit 1, in contact with the refrigerant, between the second orifice 7 of the the inner heat exchanger 3 and the first orifice 8 of the storage device 9.
  • a second piece of information relates to the temperature of the material 20 present in the storage device 9.
  • a second temperature sensor 31 is therefore in direct or indirect contact with the storage material 20, within an enclosure which delimits the device storage.
  • the second temperature sensor 31 is implanted in the material 20 and preferably near the second orifice 10 of the storage device 9.
  • the control module 24 acts on and controls the compressor 2, this control being symbolized by an arrow referenced 32.
  • This control occurs by electrical control for example of a control valve implanted in the compressor 2 for the case where the compressor is the same. type with external control.
  • the control module 24 controls the four-way valve 23 so as to control the passage of the heating mode in cooling mode and vice versa. This control is symbolized by a dotted arrow referenced 34.
  • the control module 24 also acts on the control device 22 via an electrical link symbolized under the reference 33.
  • the control module 24 thus controls the opening or closing of this control device 22 so as to respectively allow or prohibit the passage of the refrigerant in the pipe 21.
  • the control device 22 When the control device 22 is open, the fluid The refrigerant naturally bypasses the storage device 9 because the pressure drop in the pipe 21 is lower than the pressure drop in the storage device when the refrigerant passes through it.
  • the control method of a storage device is implemented by the control module 24.
  • the latter calculates a threshold temperature directly related to the temperature of the refrigerant FR as measured by the first temperature sensor 30.
  • the threshold temperature corresponds to this measured temperature at which is subtracted an operating margin, for example equal to 8 ° C.
  • the control module 24 compares the threshold temperature with the temperature of the material 20 as measured by the second temperature sensor 31. If the result of this comparison shows that the temperature of the material is lower than the temperature of the refrigerant, the module control 24 operates a closure of the control device 22 which causes a circulation of the refrigerant in the storage device 9 and an exchange between the material and the fluid.
  • the first temperature sensor 30 may be omitted. Indeed, the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the indoor exchanger 3 can be derived from the pressure information, called high pressure, delivered by the high pressure sensor 28.
  • the method according to the invention can be improved by adding or using a second condition for controlling the control device 22.
  • the method verifies a condition relating to the pressure of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 2.
  • the pressure of the refrigerant side high pressure is measured by the high pressure sensor 28.
  • This high value pressure is then compared by the control module 24 to a threshold pressure. If the pressure measured by the high pressure sensor 28 is lower than the threshold pressure, the control module orders the closing of the control device 22 so as to force the circulation of the refrigerant through the storage device 9 and thus make an exchange thermal between this fluid and the material 20 enclosed in the storage device 9.
  • Qair represents the flow rate of the cabin airflow flowing through the ventilation system and determined from a control of a fan included in that installation
  • Psu represents the low pressure measured by the low pressure sensor 25
  • k1, k2 and a represent constants relating to the refrigerant circuit 1
  • y represents a ratio between a storage power of the storage device 9 and an additional consumption of the compressor 2 for the storage of energy in the storage device 9.
  • the second condition is determined according to a compression ratio of the compressor which is equal to the high pressure, measured by the high pressure sensor 28, divided by the low pressure measured by the low pressure sensor 25. If the control module 24 determines that the compression ratio thus measured is less than a threshold compression ratio, the control module operates the closure of the control device 22 so as to force the circulation of the refrigerant through the storage device 9 and thus effect a heat exchange between this fluid and the material 20.
  • Threshold compression ratio Qair * 2 * k 1 * psu + k 2 * psu there - 1 * at * psu 2 in which the constituents of the formula are identical to the formula determining the threshold pressure mentioned above.
  • the figure 3 shows a logic diagram symbolizing the control method according to the invention.
  • Step 50 corresponds to the operation of the refrigerant circuit 1 according to the heating mode.
  • step 51 the control module 24 collects the temperature information of the refrigerant FR and the material 20 inside the storage device 9 as well as the high pressure and low pressure information respectively measured by the high pressure sensor. 28 and by the low pressure sensor 25.
  • Step 52 corresponds to the comparison made by the control module 24 during which the temperature of the material 20 is compared with a threshold temperature. If this temperature of the material is lower than the threshold temperature, the control module 24 orders at step 53 the closing of the control device 22. Conversely, if the temperature of the material is higher than the threshold temperature, the module 24 controls in step 54 the opening of the control device 22 so as to let the fluid pass refrigerant in the pipe 21 and thus prevent the exchange between this fluid and the material 20.
  • the figure 4 illustrates the process in its improved version, that is to say taking into account the second condition relating to the pressure. Steps 50 to 52 and 54 are identical to the previous logic diagram.
  • the control module After step 53 and if the temperature of the material 20 is lower than the threshold temperature, the control module compares, in a step 55, the pressure at the compressor outlet as measured by the high pressure sensor 28 with the threshold pressure such as than previously defined. If this comparison shows that the high pressure measured by the high pressure sensor 28 is lower than the threshold pressure, the control module 24 orders a step 56 to close the control device 22. Conversely, if the high pressure measured by the high pressure sensor 28 is greater than the threshold pressure, the method refers to the step 54 where the control module 24 organizes the opening of the control device 22 so as to let the refrigerant in the pipe 21 and so prevent the exchange between this fluid and the material 20.

Description

Le secteur technique de la présente invention est celui des boucles de climatisation utilisées dans les véhicules automobiles. Plus particulièrement, l'invention vise une boucle de climatisation utilisée en mode chauffage ou pompe à chaleur et intégrant un dispositif de stockage de calories.The technical sector of the present invention is that of air conditioning loops used in motor vehicles. More particularly, the invention relates to an air conditioning loop used in heating or heat pump mode and incorporating a calorie storage device.

Un véhicule automobile est classiquement équipé d'une boucle de climatisation à l'intérieur de laquelle circule un fluide réfrigérant ou fluide frigorigène. Cette boucle comprend classiquement un compresseur, un refroidisseur de gaz ou condenseur, un détendeur et un évaporateur parcourus par un fluide frigorigène. L'évaporateur est installé dans une installation de ventilation, chauffage et/ou climatisation généralement montée dans l'habitacle du véhicule pour fournir à ce dernier un flux d'air chaud ou un flux d'air froid en fonction d'une demande de l'utilisateur du véhicule. Le refroidisseur de gaz ou condenseur est quant à lui classiquement installé en face avant du véhicule pour être traversé par le flux d'air extérieur au véhicule.A motor vehicle is conventionally equipped with an air conditioning loop inside which circulates a refrigerant or refrigerant. This loop conventionally comprises a compressor, a gas cooler or condenser, an expander and an evaporator traversed by a refrigerant. The evaporator is installed in a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system that is generally installed in the passenger compartment of the vehicle in order to provide the latter with a hot air flow or a cold air flow according to a request from the customer. user of the vehicle. The gas cooler or condenser is conventionally installed on the front of the vehicle to be traversed by the flow of air outside the vehicle.

Cette boucle de réfrigérant peut être utilisée au moins en mode refroidissement ou en mode chauffage. En mode refroidissement, le fluide réfrigérant est mis en circulation par le compresseur qui l'envoi vers le refroidisseur de gaz ou condenseur où le fluide réfrigérant est refroidit par le flux d'air extérieur. Puis, le fluide réfrigérant circule vers le détendeur où il subit un abaissement de sa pression avant d'entrer dans l'évaporateur. Le fluide réfrigérant traversant l'évaporateur est alors chauffé par le flux d'air traversant l'installation de ventilation, ce qui se traduit corrélativement par un refroidissement de ce flux d'air dans le but de refroidir ou climatiser l'habitacle du véhicule. Le circuit étant une boucle fermée, le fluide réfrigérant retourne alors vers le compresseur.This refrigerant loop can be used at least in cooling mode or heating mode. In cooling mode, the refrigerant is circulated by the compressor which sends it to the gas cooler or condenser where the coolant is cooled by the outside air flow. Then, the coolant flows to the expander where it undergoes a lowering of its pressure before entering the evaporator. The refrigerant fluid passing through the evaporator is then heated by the flow of air passing through the ventilation system, which is correlatively reflected by a cooling of this air flow in order to cool or cool the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The circuit being a closed loop, the refrigerant then returns to the compressor.

En mode chauffage, le fluide est mis en circulation par le compresseur qui l'envoi vers l'évaporateur, ce dernier se comportant alors comme un condenseur, où le fluide réfrigérant est refroidit par l'air circulant dans l'installation de ventilation. Cet air se réchauffe donc au contact de l'évaporateur et chauffe ainsi l'habitacle du véhicule. Après passage dans l'évaporateur, le fluide réfrigérant est détendu par le détendeur avant d'arriver dans le refroidisseur de gaz ou condenseur. Le flux d'air extérieur chauffe alors le fluide réfrigérant et le flux d'air extérieur est par conséquent plus froid après son passage dans le condenseur comparé à sa température avant son passage au travers du condenseur. Le fluide réfrigérant retourne alors vers le compresseur.In heating mode, the fluid is circulated by the compressor which sends it to the evaporator, the latter then behaving as a condenser, where the coolant is cooled by the air circulating in the ventilation system. This air heats up in contact with the evaporator and thus heats the passenger compartment of the vehicle. After passing through the evaporator, the refrigerant is expanded by the regulator before arriving in the gas cooler or condenser. The outside air flow then heats the refrigerant and the outside air flow is therefore colder after passing through the condenser compared to its temperature before it passes through the condenser. The refrigerant then returns to the compressor.

L'amélioration du coefficient de performance d'une telle boucle est souhaitée. L'installation d'un dispositif de stockage qui échange avec le fluide réfrigérant vient améliorer la situation car une partie de la puissance chaude peut être stockée puis restituée en cas de besoin, notamment dans des situations où le condenseur givre ce qui gène de manière importante l'échange entre le fluide réfrigérant et l'air extérieur.The improvement of the coefficient of performance of such a loop is desired. The installation of a storage device that exchanges with the refrigerant fluid improves the situation because a portion of the hot power can be stored and then returned when needed, especially in situations where the condenser icing which gene importantly the exchange between the refrigerant and the outside air.

Cependant, les conditions de contrôle de ce dispositif de stockage ne sont pas maîtrisées.However, the control conditions of this storage device are not controlled.

US 2677 243 divulgues un procede selon le preambule de la revendication 1 et un dispositif selon le preambule de la revendication 11. US 2677243 discloses a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 11.

Le but de la présente invention est donc de résoudre l'inconvénient décrit ci-dessus principalement en contrôlant de manière astucieuse l'échange entre le fluide réfrigérant et le dispositif de stockage de calories en fonction des phases de fonctionnement et de rendement disponibles avec le circuit de réfrigérant. En particulier, l'invention permet de contrôler l'échange thermique entre le fluide réfrigérant et le dispositif de stockage lors des phases de fonctionnement de la boucle dans lesquelles le condenseur n'est pas givré. Ainsi, l'invention permet d'utiliser les calories disponibles du dispositif de stockage au départ réservées pour le dégivrage du condenseur pour améliorer le coefficient de performance de la boucle lorsque le condenseur n'est pas givré.The object of the present invention is therefore to solve the disadvantage described above mainly by cleverly controlling the exchange between the refrigerant and the calorie storage device according to the operating phases and efficiency available with the circuit refrigerant. In particular, the invention makes it possible to control the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the storage device during the operating phases of the loop in which the condenser is not frosted. Thus, the invention makes it possible to use the available calories of the storage device initially reserved for the defrosting of the condenser to improve the heating coefficient. loop performance when the condenser is not frosted.

L'invention a donc pour objet un procédé de contrôle d'un dispositif de stockage selon la revendication 1.The invention therefore relates to a method of controlling a storage device according to claim 1.

A l'inverse, ledit procédé interdit l'échange thermique entre le matériau et le fluide frigorigène quand la température du matériau est supérieure à la température du fluide frigorigène déterminée en sortie de l'échangeur intérieur.Conversely, said method prohibits the heat exchange between the material and the refrigerant when the temperature of the material is higher than the temperature of the refrigerant determined at the outlet of the internal exchanger.

Selon une première caractéristique de l'invention, la circulation de fluide frigorigène dans la conduite est placée sous la dépendance d'un dispositif de contrôle et dans lequel l'autorisation d'échange thermique entre le matériau et le fluide frigorigène est mise en oeuvre en fermant le dispositif de contrôle. On prévoit ainsi la possibilité de passer au travers ou de contourner le dispositif de stockage en fonction de la comparaison de température évoquée ci-dessus.According to a first characteristic of the invention, the circulation of refrigerant in the pipe is placed under the control of a control device and in which the authorization of heat exchange between the material and the refrigerant is implemented in closing the control device. This provides the possibility of passing through or bypassing the storage device according to the temperature comparison mentioned above.

Selon une deuxième caractéristique de l'invention, la température seuil est égale à une température du fluide frigorigène à laquelle est soustraite une marge de fonctionnement. On garantit ainsi que l'échange thermique est efficace car la différence de température est augmentée de la marge de fonctionnement. On se prémunit également des effets de cyclage du procédé par ouverture et fermeture du dispositif de contrôle de manière trop récurrente.According to a second characteristic of the invention, the threshold temperature is equal to a temperature of the refrigerant to which is subtracted an operating margin. This ensures that the heat exchange is effective because the temperature difference is increased by the operating margin. The cycling effects of the method are also avoided by opening and closing the control device too recurrently.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la température du fluide frigorigène est mesurée par un premier capteur implanté en sortie de l'échangeur intérieur.According to another characteristic of the invention, the temperature of the refrigerant is measured by a first sensor implanted at the outlet of the internal exchanger.

Selon encore une caractéristique de l'invention, la température du fluide frigorigène est mesurée par un capteur ou est estimée à partir d'une pression dudit fluide frigorigène mesurée entre une sortie d'un compresseur équipant ledit circuit et une entrée de l'organe de détente. De manière préférentielle, la pression est mesurée par un capteur en contact avec le fluide frigorigène et implanté directement en sortie du compresseur.According to another characteristic of the invention, the temperature of the refrigerant is measured by a sensor or is estimated from a pressure of said refrigerant measured between an output of a compressor equipping said circuit and an input of the relaxation. Preferably, the pressure is measured by a sensor in contact with the refrigerant and implanted directly at the outlet of the compressor.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le circuit de réfrigérant fonctionne en mode chauffage. Le même circuit fonctionne également en mode refroidissement.According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the refrigerant circuit operates in heating mode. The same circuit also works in cooling mode.

Avantageusement, la température du matériau est mesurée par un second capteur installé dans le dispositif de stockage.Advantageously, the temperature of the material is measured by a second sensor installed in the storage device.

De manière préférentielle, le second capteur est installé de sorte à être en contact direct avec le matériau.Preferably, the second sensor is installed so as to be in direct contact with the material.

Le circuit de réfrigérant comprend un compresseur et l'échange thermique entre le matériau et le fluide frigorigène est autorisé quand une pression de fluide frigorigène déterminée entre le compresseur et l'organe de détente est inférieure à une pression seuil.The refrigerant circuit comprises a compressor and the heat exchange between the material and the refrigerant is allowed when a refrigerant pressure determined between the compressor and the expansion member is less than a threshold pressure.

Avantageusement encore, la pression seuil est dépendante d'un débit d'un flux d'air d'habitacle d'un véhicule qui échange avec le fluide frigorigène au travers de l'échangeur intérieur.Advantageously, the threshold pressure is dependent on a flow rate of a cabin air flow of a vehicle that exchanges with the refrigerant through the inner heat exchanger.

Enfin, le circuit de réfrigérant comprend un compresseur et l'échange thermique entre le matériau et le fluide frigorigène est autorisé quand un taux de compression du compresseur est inférieur à un taux de compression seuil.Finally, the refrigerant circuit includes a compressor and the exchange Thermal between the material and the refrigerant is allowed when a compression ratio of the compressor is lower than a threshold compression ratio.

L'invention couvre également un circuit de réfrigérant selon la revendication 11.The invention also covers a refrigerant circuit according to claim 11.

Selon une première caractéristique de l'invention, le dispositif de stockage comprend un matériau qui échange thermiquement avec le fluide frigorigène.According to a first characteristic of the invention, the storage device comprises a material which thermally exchanges with the refrigerant.

Un second capteur de température est en contact avec le matériau et un premier capteur de température du fluide frigorigène est installé entre l'échangeur intérieur et le dispositif de stockage.A second temperature sensor is in contact with the material and a first refrigerant temperature sensor is installed between the indoor heat exchanger and the storage device.

Selon une deuxième caractéristique de l'invention, le circuit comprend un capteur de pression du fluide frigorigène installé entre le compresseur et l'organe de détente quand le circuit fonctionne en mode chauffage.According to a second characteristic of the invention, the circuit comprises a refrigerant pressure sensor installed between the compressor and the expansion element when the circuit operates in heating mode.

Un tout premier avantage selon l'invention réside dans la possibilité d'augmenter le coefficient de performance du circuit en restituant la puissance chaude stockée en cas de besoin.A first advantage according to the invention lies in the possibility of increasing the coefficient of performance of the circuit by restoring the hot power stored when needed.

Un autre avantage de l'invention réside dans la possibilité de stocker l'énergie nécessaire dans le but de dégivrer l'échangeur extérieur quand ce dernier est utilisé en tant qu'évaporateur, c'est-à-dire quand le circuit fonctionne en mode chauffage.Another advantage of the invention lies in the possibility of storing the necessary energy in order to defrost the external exchanger when the latter is used as an evaporator, ie when the circuit is operating in heating mode.

Un autre avantage réside dans la possibilité de stocker l'énergie nécessaire à ce dégivrage quand le circuit présente des conditions de fonctionnement favorable, c'est-à-dire dans des conditions où l'accumulation d'énergie dans le dispositif de stockage n'affecte pas les performances du circuit de réfrigérant.Another advantage lies in the possibility of storing the energy required for defrosting when the circuit has favorable operating conditions, that is to say under conditions where the accumulation of energy in the storage device does not occur. does not affect the performance of the refrigerant circuit.

D'autres caractéristiques, détails et avantages de l'invention ressortiront plus clairement à la lecture de la description donnée ci-après à titre indicatif en relation avec des dessins dans lesquels :

  • ▪ la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un circuit de réfrigérant incorporant un dispositif de stockage,
  • ▪ la figure 2 est une vue d'une variante de la figure 1, sur laquelle est ajouté un module de contrôle qui met en oeuvre le procédé selon l'invention,
  • ▪ la figure 3 est un logigramme illustrant le procédé,
  • ▪ la figure 4 illustre un logigramme d'un perfectionnement du procédé selon l'invention.
Other characteristics, details and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the description given below as an indication in relation to drawings in which:
  • ▪ the figure 1 is a schematic view of a refrigerant circuit incorporating a storage device,
  • ▪ the figure 2 is a view of a variant of the figure 1 , on which is added a control module which implements the method according to the invention,
  • ▪ the figure 3 is a logic diagram illustrating the process,
  • ▪ the figure 4 illustrates a logic diagram of an improvement of the method according to the invention.

Il faut noter que les figures exposent l'invention de manière détaillée, lesdites figures peuvent bien entendu servir à mieux définir l'invention le cas échéant.It should be noted that the figures show the invention in detail, said figures can of course be used to better define the invention where appropriate.

La figure 1 illustre un circuit de climatisation ou circuit de réfrigérant 1 parcouru par un fluide réfrigérant ou frigorigène FR, de type sous-critique ou supercritique, et comprenant un compresseur 2 à commande mécanique ou électrique, à cylindrée fixe ou variable. Le compresseur 2 est relié à un échangeur intérieur 3 par une conduite ou tube qui met en communication un premier orifice 18 du compresseur 2 avec un premier orifice 5 de l'échangeur intérieur. Cet échangeur intérieur 3 est monté dans une installation de ventilation, chauffage et climatisation 4 classiquement installée dans un habitacle d'un véhicule pour délivrer dans ce dernier un flux d'air chaud ou un flux d'air froid, en fonction de la demande de l'utilisateur du véhicule. L'échangeur intérieur 3 est donc traversé par un flux d'air d'habitacle 6 qui circule dans l'installation de ventilation.The figure 1 illustrates an air conditioning circuit or refrigerant circuit 1 traversed by a refrigerant or refrigerant FR, subcritical or supercritical type, and comprising a compressor 2 with mechanical or electrical control, fixed or variable displacement. The compressor 2 is connected to an inner heat exchanger 3 by a pipe or tube which communicates a first orifice 18 of the compressor 2 with a first orifice 5 of the inner heat exchanger. This indoor exchanger 3 is mounted in a ventilation, heating and air conditioning system 4 conventionally installed in a interior of a vehicle to deliver a flow of hot air or a cold air flow in the latter, depending on the demand of the user of the vehicle. The interior heat exchanger 3 is therefore traversed by a cabin air flow 6 which circulates in the ventilation system.

Un second orifice 7 de l'échangeur intérieur 3 est relié à un premier orifice 8 d'un dispositif de stockage 9, ce dernier comprenant également un second orifice 10 relié à un premier orifice 12 d'un organe de détente 11. Un second orifice 13 de l'organe de détente 11 est connecté à un premier orifice 14 d'un échangeur extérieur 15 via une conduite. Un flux d'air extérieur 16 au véhicule traverse le corps de l'échangeur extérieur 15 de manière à échanger des calories avec le fluide frigorigène circulant dans l'échangeur extérieur 15. Un second orifice 17 de l'échangeur extérieur 15 communique avec un second orifice 19 de fluide frigorigène FR constitutive du compresseur 2.A second orifice 7 of the internal exchanger 3 is connected to a first orifice 8 of a storage device 9, the latter also comprising a second orifice 10 connected to a first orifice 12 of a detent 11. A second orifice 13 of the expansion member 11 is connected to a first orifice 14 of an external exchanger 15 via a pipe. An outside air flow 16 to the vehicle passes through the body of the external exchanger 15 so as to exchange calories with the refrigerant circulating in the external exchanger 15. A second orifice 17 of the external exchanger 15 communicates with a second orifice 19 of refrigerant FR constituting the compressor 2.

Le dispositif de stockage 9 a pour fonction de capter et de stocker des calories par échange entre le fluide frigorigène FR qui le traverse et un matériau 20, ce dernier étant par exemple un matériau à changement de phase. Ce dispositif de stockage agit comme une réserve de calories qui capte une puissance calorifique dans certaines conditions de fonctionnement du circuit de réfrigérant, par exemple quand le coefficient de performance du circuit est élevé, et qui la restitue dans d'autres conditions, par exemple quand le coefficient de performance du circuit se dégrade.The storage device 9 has the function of collecting and storing calories by exchange between the refrigerant FR which passes through and a material 20, the latter being for example a phase-change material. This storage device acts as a reserve of calories which captures a heating power under certain operating conditions of the refrigerant circuit, for example when the coefficient of performance of the circuit is high, and which restores it under other conditions, for example when the coefficient of performance of the circuit is degraded.

Le circuit de réfrigérant 1 fonctionne selon au moins deux modes : un mode chauffage de l'habitacle et un mode refroidissement de l'habitacle.The refrigerant circuit 1 operates in at least two modes: a heating mode of the passenger compartment and a cooling mode of the passenger compartment.

Dans le mode refroidissement, le fluide frigorigène FR est mis en mouvement dans le circuit 1 selon un sens de circulation représenté sur la figure 1 par les flèches en pointillé. Cette circulation est opérée par le compresseur 2 qui envoi le fluide frigorigène vers l'échangeur extérieur 15. Ce dernier se comporte alors comme un refroidisseur de gaz ou condenseur, le fluide frigorigène FR étant ainsi refroidit par le flux d'air extérieur 16. L'organe de détente 11 reçoit alors le fluide frigorigène est applique à ce dernier un abaissement de sa pression. Le fluide frigorigène FR continu ensuite son déplacement vers l'échangeur intérieur 3.In the cooling mode, the refrigerant FR is set in motion in the circuit 1 in a direction of circulation represented on the figure 1 by the dotted arrows. This circulation is operated by the compressor 2 which sends the refrigerant to the external exchanger 15. The latter then behaves as a gas cooler or condenser, the refrigerant FR is thus cooled by the flow of outside air 16. The expansion member 11 then receives the refrigerant is applied to the latter a lowering of its pressure. The refrigerant FR then continues its movement towards the inner heat exchanger 3.

Dans le mode refroidissement, le fluide frigorigène contourne le dispositif de stockage 9 en passant par une conduite 21 branchée d'un côté entre le second orifice 10 du dispositif de stockage et le premier orifice 12 de l'organe de détente 11 et de l'autre entre le second orifice 7 de l'échangeur intérieur 3 et le premier orifice 8 du dispositif de stockage 9. La circulation de fluide frigorigène au travers de cette conduite 21 est placée sous la dépendance d'un dispositif de contrôle 22, qui prend la forme d'une vanne d'arrêt contrôlée de manière électrique.In the cooling mode, the refrigerant bypasses the storage device 9 via a pipe 21 connected on one side between the second orifice 10 of the storage device and the first orifice 12 of the expansion member 11 and the another between the second orifice 7 of the inner heat exchanger 3 and the first orifice 8 of the storage device 9. The circulation of refrigerant through this pipe 21 is placed under the control of a control device 22, which takes the form of an electrically controlled shut-off valve.

La circulation du fluide frigorigène FR se poursuit vers l'échangeur intérieur 3 où le flux d'air habitacle 6 se trouve refroidit par échange avec le fluide frigorigène au sein de l'échangeur intérieur. Ce dernier se comporte alors comme un évaporateur.The circulation of the refrigerant FR continues to the inner heat exchanger 3 where the air flow 6 is cooled by exchange with the refrigerant within the inner heat exchanger. The latter then behaves like an evaporator.

Un fois évaporé, le fluide frigorigène FR circule vers le compresseur 2 avant d'être à nouveau comprimé pour effectuer le cycle thermodynamique évoqué ci-dessus.Once evaporated, the refrigerant FR flows to the compressor 2 before being compressed again to perform the thermodynamic cycle mentioned above.

Le mode chauffage de l'habitacle fonctionne comme suit. Dans l'exemple de réalisation de la figure 1, le sens de circulation du fluide frigorigène FR est inversé, ce sens étant symbolisé par des flèches en trait fort. Cette inversion de sens de circulation du fluide frigorigène est opérée directement par le compresseur 2 comme c'est le cas de l'exemple de réalisation de la figure 1 ou par le biais d'une vanne quatre voies comme illustré dans l'exemple de réalisation de la figure 2.The heating mode of the passenger compartment works as follows. In the exemplary embodiment of the figure 1 , the direction of circulation of the refrigerant FR is reversed, this direction being symbolized by arrows in strong line. This inversion of the flow direction of the refrigerant is operated directly by the compressor 2 as is the case of the embodiment of the invention. figure 1 or via a four-way valve as illustrated in the embodiment of the figure 2 .

Le compresseur 2 comprime, échauffe et met en circulation le fluide frigorigène FR vers l'échangeur intérieur 3. Dans ce mode chauffage, l'échangeur intérieur 3 se comporte comme un condenseur ou refroidisseur de gaz et le fluide frigorigène à l'état gazeux et chaud échange avec le flux d'air habitacle 6, produisant ainsi un échauffement de l'habitacle du véhicule. Le fluide frigorigène FR poursuit sa circulation soit au travers du dispositif de stockage 9, soit au travers de la conduite 21 quand le dispositif de contrôle 22 est ouvert. Quand le dispositif de contrôle 22 est ouvert, le fluide frigorigène contourne naturellement le dispositif de stockage 9 car la perte de charge dans la conduite 21 est plus faible que la perte de charge dans le dispositif de stockage quand le fluide frigorigène le traverse. L'organe de détente 11 applique alors un abaissement de la pression du fluide frigorigène avant que ce dernier ne pénètre à l'intérieur de l'échangeur extérieur 15. Cet échangeur extérieur 15 se comporte alors comme un évaporateur car le flux d'air extérieur 16 est refroidi par échange avec le fluide frigorigène qui circule dans l'échangeur extérieur 15. Le fluide frigorigène termine son cheminement en retournant vers le second orifice 19 du compresseur 2 pour effectuer à nouveau un cycle thermodynamique. Dans cette situation, le circuit de réfrigérant 1 fonctionne en mode chauffage, autrement appelé pompe à chaleur.The compressor 2 compresses, heats and circulates the refrigerant FR to the indoor heat exchanger 3. In this heating mode, the inner heat exchanger 3 behaves like a gas condenser or cooler and the refrigerant in the gaseous state and warm exchange with the cabin air flow 6, thus producing a heating of the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The refrigerant FR continues its circulation either through the storage device 9, or through the pipe 21 when the control device 22 is open. When the control device 22 is open, the refrigerant naturally bypasses the storage device 9 because the pressure drop in the pipe 21 is lower than the pressure drop in the storage device when the refrigerant passes through it. The expansion member 11 then applies a lowering of the pressure of the refrigerant before the latter enters the inside of the external exchanger 15. This external exchanger 15 then behaves like an evaporator because the outside air flow 16 is cooled by exchange with the refrigerant flowing in the external exchanger 15. The refrigerant ends its path by returning to the second port 19 of the compressor 2 to perform a thermodynamic cycle again. In this situation, the refrigerant circuit 1 operates in heating mode, otherwise known as heat pump.

Selon l'invention, le dispositif de stockage est tout particulièrement utilisé pendant le mode chauffage pour compléter l'échange thermique effectué dans l'échangeur intérieur 3. Dans cette situation, le fluide frigorigène qui traverse l'échangeur intérieur 3 est refroidi par le flux d'air intérieur, ce dernier se trouvant chauffé. Le dispositif de stockage est alors utilisé pour améliorer le coefficient de performance du circuit. Ce dispositif de stockage joue aussi un rôle de levier pendant la phase de dégivrage de l'échangeur extérieur.According to the invention, the storage device is particularly used during the heating mode to complete the heat exchange carried out in the internal heat exchanger 3. In this situation, the refrigerant which passes through the internal heat exchanger 3 is cooled by the flow of indoor air, the latter being heated. The storage device is then used to improve the performance coefficient of the circuit. This storage device also plays a role of leverage during the defrosting phase of the external exchanger.

La figure 2 montre une variante du circuit de réfrigérant selon la figure 1.The figure 2 shows a variant of the refrigerant circuit according to the figure 1 .

L'inversion du sens de circulation du fluide frigorigène à l'intérieur du circuit est opérée au moyen d'une vanne quatre voies 23 qui gère la circulation du fluide frigorigène du compresseur soit vers l'échangeur extérieur 15 en mode refroidissement ou vers l'échangeur intérieur 3 en mode chauffage. Le compresseur envoie ainsi le fluide frigorigène comprimé par son premier orifice 18 et reçoit le fluide à basse pression par son second orifice 19 quelque soit le mode de fonctionnement du circuit, c'est-à-dire en mode chauffage ou en mode refroidissement.The reversal of the direction of circulation of the refrigerant inside the circuit is operated by means of a four-way valve 23 which manages the circulation of the refrigerant of the compressor either to the external exchanger 15 in cooling mode or to the indoor heat exchanger 3 in heating mode. The compressor thus sends the compressed refrigerant through its first orifice 18 and receives the fluid at low pressure through its second orifice 19 whatever the operating mode of the circuit, that is to say in heating mode or in cooling mode.

Cette figure 2 illustre une position de la vanne quatre voies 23 selon le mode de chauffage.This figure 2 illustrates a position of the four-way valve 23 according to the heating mode.

Un module de contrôle 24 reçoit des informations relatives au circuit et gère la commande de certains composants de ce même circuit. Le module de contrôle 24 reçoit un signal électrique en provenance d'un capteur 25 placé dans le circuit entre le second orifice 17 de l'échangeur extérieur 15 et le second orifice 19 du compresseur 2. Ce capteur 25 mesure la pression du fluide frigorigène FR dans le circuit côté basse pression, ce côté s'étendant du second orifice 13 de l'organe de détente 11 au second orifice 19 du compresseur 2. Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, le capteur basse pression 25 est installé immédiatement en amont (selon le sens de circulation du fluide frigorigène) du compresseur, c'est-à-dire entre une première sortie 27 de la vanne quatre voies et le second orifice 19 du compresseur 2.A control module 24 receives information relating to the circuit and manages the control of certain components of this same circuit. The control module 24 receives an electrical signal from a sensor 25 placed in the circuit between the second orifice 17 of the external heat exchanger 15 and the second orifice 19 of the compressor 2. This sensor 25 measures the pressure of the refrigerant FR in the low pressure side circuit, this side extending from the second orifice 13 of the expansion member 11 to the second orifice 19 of the compressor 2. In the example of FIG. figure 2 , the low pressure sensor 25 is installed immediately upstream (in the direction of circulation of the refrigerant) of the compressor, that is to say between a first outlet 27 of the four-way valve and the second orifice 19 of the compressor 2.

Le module de commande reçoit également une information électrique qui est l'image de la pression dans le circuit 1 côté haute pression, c'est-à-dire entre le premier orifice 18 du compresseur 2 et le premier orifice 12 de l'organe de détente 11. Cette information est délivrée par un capteur haute pression 28 en contact avec le fluide frigorigène FR. Dans le cas d'espèce de la figure 2, le capteur haute pression 28 est implanté directement en aval du compresseur 2, c'est-à-dire entre le premier orifice 18 du compresseur et une première entrée 29 de la vanne quatre voies 23. Ce capteur mesure ainsi la pression de décharge du compresseur.The control module also receives electrical information which is the image of the pressure in the circuit 1 on the high pressure side, that is to say between the first orifice 18 of the compressor 2 and the first orifice 12 of the 11. This information is delivered by a high pressure sensor 28 in contact with the refrigerant FR. In the case in point of figure 2 , the high pressure sensor 28 is implanted directly downstream of the compressor 2, that is to say between the first orifice 18 of the compressor and a first inlet 29 of the four-way valve 23. This sensor thus measures the discharge pressure of the compressor.

Le module de contrôle 24 reçoit encore deux informations électriques. Une première information est relative à la température du fluide frigorigène à la sortie de l'échangeur intérieur 3. Un premier capteur de température 30 est donc installé sur ou dans le circuit 1, en contact avec le fluide frigorigène, entre le second orifice 7 de l'échangeur intérieur 3 et le premier orifice 8 du dispositif de stockage 9.The control module 24 still receives two electrical information. A first piece of information relates to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 3. A first temperature sensor 30 is therefore installed on or in the circuit 1, in contact with the refrigerant, between the second orifice 7 of the the inner heat exchanger 3 and the first orifice 8 of the storage device 9.

Une seconde information est relative à la température du matériau 20 présent dans le dispositif de stockage 9. Un second capteur de température 31 est donc en contact direct ou indirect avec le matériau stockeur 20, à l'intérieur d'une enceinte qui délimite le dispositif de stockage. Le second capteur de température 31 est implanté dans le matériau 20 et préférentiellement à proximité du second orifice 10 du dispositif de stockage 9.A second piece of information relates to the temperature of the material 20 present in the storage device 9. A second temperature sensor 31 is therefore in direct or indirect contact with the storage material 20, within an enclosure which delimits the device storage. The second temperature sensor 31 is implanted in the material 20 and preferably near the second orifice 10 of the storage device 9.

Le module de contrôle 24 agît sur et contrôle le compresseur 2, ce contrôle étant symbolisé par une flèche référencée 32. Ce contrôle intervient par commande électrique par exemple d'une vanne de contrôle implantée dans le compresseur 2 pour le cas où le compresseur est du type à contrôle externe.The control module 24 acts on and controls the compressor 2, this control being symbolized by an arrow referenced 32. This control occurs by electrical control for example of a control valve implanted in the compressor 2 for the case where the compressor is the same. type with external control.

Le module de contrôle 24 contrôle la vanne quatre voies 23 de sorte à commander le passage du mode chauffage en mode refroidissement et vice-et-versa. Ce contrôle est symbolisé par une flèche en pointillé référencée 34.The control module 24 controls the four-way valve 23 so as to control the passage of the heating mode in cooling mode and vice versa. This control is symbolized by a dotted arrow referenced 34.

Le module de contrôle 24 agit également sur le dispositif de contrôle 22 via un lien électrique symbolisé sous la référence 33. Le module de contrôle 24 commande donc l'ouverture ou la fermeture de ce dispositif de contrôle 22 de sorte à respectivement autoriser ou interdire le passage du fluide frigorigène dans la conduite 21. Quand le dispositif de contrôle 22 est ouvert, le fluide frigorigène contourne naturellement le dispositif de stockage 9 car la perte de charge dans la conduite 21 est plus faible que la perte de charge dans le dispositif de stockage quand le fluide frigorigène le traverse.The control module 24 also acts on the control device 22 via an electrical link symbolized under the reference 33. The control module 24 thus controls the opening or closing of this control device 22 so as to respectively allow or prohibit the passage of the refrigerant in the pipe 21. When the control device 22 is open, the fluid The refrigerant naturally bypasses the storage device 9 because the pressure drop in the pipe 21 is lower than the pressure drop in the storage device when the refrigerant passes through it.

Le procédé de contrôle d'un dispositif de stockage est mis en oeuvre par le module de contrôle 24. En effet, ce dernier calcule une température seuil directement liée à la température du fluide frigorigène FR telle que mesurée par le premier capteur de température 30. La température seuil correspond à cette température mesurée à laquelle est soustraite une marge de fonctionnement, par exemple égale à 8°C.The control method of a storage device is implemented by the control module 24. In fact, the latter calculates a threshold temperature directly related to the temperature of the refrigerant FR as measured by the first temperature sensor 30. The threshold temperature corresponds to this measured temperature at which is subtracted an operating margin, for example equal to 8 ° C.

Le module de contrôle 24 compare alors la température seuil avec la température du matériau 20 telle que mesurée par le second capteur de température 31. Si le résultat de cette comparaison montre que la température du matériau est inférieure à la température du fluide frigorigène, le module de contrôle 24 opère une fermeture du dispositif de contrôle 22 ce qui provoque une circulation du fluide frigorigène dans le dispositif de stockage 9 et un échange entre le matériau et ce fluide.The control module 24 then compares the threshold temperature with the temperature of the material 20 as measured by the second temperature sensor 31. If the result of this comparison shows that the temperature of the material is lower than the temperature of the refrigerant, the module control 24 operates a closure of the control device 22 which causes a circulation of the refrigerant in the storage device 9 and an exchange between the material and the fluid.

Dans une telle situation, la température du fluide frigorigène est donc abaissée par le dispositif de stockage, la température du fluide frigorigène au niveau du premier orifice 8 du dispositif de stockage étant inférieure à sa température au niveau du second orifice 10 du même dispositif. La conséquence de cette situation est une amélioration du coefficient de performance du circuit.In such a situation, the temperature of the refrigerant is lowered by the storage device, the temperature of the refrigerant at the first port 8 of the storage device being lower than its temperature at the second port 10 of the same device. The consequence of this situation is an improvement in the performance coefficient of the circuit.

De manière alternative, le premier capteur de température 30 peut être omis. En effet, la température du fluide frigorigène en sortie de l'échangeur intérieur 3 peut être dérivée à partir de l'information de pression, dite haute pression, délivrée par le capteur haute pression 28.Alternatively, the first temperature sensor 30 may be omitted. Indeed, the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the indoor exchanger 3 can be derived from the pressure information, called high pressure, delivered by the high pressure sensor 28.

Le procédé selon l'invention peut être amélioré par l'ajout ou l'utilisation d'une deuxième condition pour commander le dispositif de contrôle 22. En effet, après avoir comparé la température du fluide frigorigène FR avec la température du matériau 20, le procédé vérifie une condition relative à la pression du fluide frigorigène en sortie du compresseur 2.The method according to the invention can be improved by adding or using a second condition for controlling the control device 22. In fact, after comparing the temperature of the refrigerant FR with the temperature of the material 20, the method verifies a condition relating to the pressure of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor 2.

La pression du fluide frigorigène côté haute pression, c'est-à-dire entre le compresseur 2 et l'organe de détente 11 et plus particulièrement directement en sortie du compresseur 2, est mesurée par le capteur haute pression 28. Cette valeur de haute pression est ensuite comparée par le module de contrôle 24 à une pression seuil. Si la pression mesurée par le capteur haute pression 28 est inférieure à la pression seuil, le module de contrôle ordonne la fermeture du dispositif de contrôle 22 de sorte à forcer la circulation du fluide frigorigène au travers du dispositif de stockage 9 et ainsi opérer une échange thermique entre ce fluide et le matériau 20 enfermé dans le dispositif de stockage 9.The pressure of the refrigerant side high pressure, that is to say between the compressor 2 and the expansion member 11 and more particularly directly at the outlet of the compressor 2, is measured by the high pressure sensor 28. This high value pressure is then compared by the control module 24 to a threshold pressure. If the pressure measured by the high pressure sensor 28 is lower than the threshold pressure, the control module orders the closing of the control device 22 so as to force the circulation of the refrigerant through the storage device 9 and thus make an exchange thermal between this fluid and the material 20 enclosed in the storage device 9.

La pression seuil est déterminée en fonction d'un débit du flux d'air habitacle traversant l'échangeur intérieur 3, cette pression seuil étant plus précisément déterminée par la formule suivante : Pression seuil = Qair * 2 * k 1 * Psu + k 2 y − 1 * a * Psu 2

Figure imgb0001
où Qair représente le débit du flux d'air habitacle qui circule dans l'installation de ventilation et déterminé à partir d'une commande d'un ventilateur inclut dans cette installation ; Psu représente la basse pression mesurée par le capteur basse pression 25 ; k1, k2 et a représentent des constantes relatives au circuit de réfrigérant 1 et y représente un ratio entre une puissance de stockage du dispositif de stockage 9 et une consommation supplémentaire du compresseur 2 pour le stockage d'énergie dans le dispositif de stockage 9.The threshold pressure is determined as a function of a flow rate of the interior air flow passing through the internal exchanger 3, this threshold pressure being more precisely determined by the following formula: Threshold pressure = Qair * 2 * k 1 * psu + k 2 there - 1 * at * psu 2
Figure imgb0001
 where Qair represents the flow rate of the cabin airflow flowing through the ventilation system and determined from a control of a fan included in that installation; Psu represents the low pressure measured by the low pressure sensor 25; k1, k2 and a represent constants relating to the refrigerant circuit 1 and y represents a ratio between a storage power of the storage device 9 and an additional consumption of the compressor 2 for the storage of energy in the storage device 9.

De manière alternative, la deuxième condition est déterminée en fonction d'un taux de compression du compresseur qui est égal à la haute pression, mesurée par le capteur haute pression 28, divisée par la basse pression mesurée par le capteur basse pression 25. Si le module de contrôle 24 détermine que le taux de compression ainsi mesuré est inférieur à un taux de compression seuil, le module de contrôle opère la fermeture du dispositif de contrôle 22 de sorte à forcer la circulation du fluide frigorigène au travers du dispositif de stockage 9 et ainsi opérer une échange thermique entre ce fluide et le matériau 20.Alternatively, the second condition is determined according to a compression ratio of the compressor which is equal to the high pressure, measured by the high pressure sensor 28, divided by the low pressure measured by the low pressure sensor 25. If the control module 24 determines that the compression ratio thus measured is less than a threshold compression ratio, the control module operates the closure of the control device 22 so as to force the circulation of the refrigerant through the storage device 9 and thus effect a heat exchange between this fluid and the material 20.

Le taux de compression seuil est déterminé par la relation suivante : Taux de compression seuil = Qair * 2 * k 1 * Psu + k 2 * Psu y − 1 * a * Psu 2

Figure imgb0002
dans laquelle les constituants de la formule sont identiques à la formule déterminant la pression seuil évoquée ci-dessus.The threshold compression ratio is determined by the following relationship: Threshold compression ratio = Qair * 2 * k 1 * psu + k 2 * psu there - 1 * at * psu 2
Figure imgb0002
 in which the constituents of the formula are identical to the formula determining the threshold pressure mentioned above.

La figure 3 montre un logigramme symbolisant le procédé de contrôle selon l'invention.The figure 3 shows a logic diagram symbolizing the control method according to the invention.

L'étape 50 correspond à la mise en fonctionnement du circuit de réfrigérant 1 selon le mode chauffage.Step 50 corresponds to the operation of the refrigerant circuit 1 according to the heating mode.

A l'étape 51, le module de contrôle 24 collecte les informations de température du fluide frigorigène FR et du matériau 20 à l'intérieur du dispositif de stockage 9 ainsi que les informations de haute pression et basse pression mesurées respectivement par le capteur haute pression 28 et par le capteur basse pression 25.In step 51, the control module 24 collects the temperature information of the refrigerant FR and the material 20 inside the storage device 9 as well as the high pressure and low pressure information respectively measured by the high pressure sensor. 28 and by the low pressure sensor 25.

L'étape 52 correspond à la comparaison effectuée par le module de contrôle 24 au cours de laquelle la température du matériau 20 est comparée à une température seuil. Si cette température du matériau est inférieure à la température seuil, le module de contrôle 24 ordonne à l'étape 53 la fermeture du dispositif de contrôle 22. A l'inverse, si la température du matériau est supérieure à la température seuil, le module de contrôle 24 ordonne à l'étape 54 l'ouverture du dispositif de contrôle 22 de sorte à laisser passer le fluide frigorigène dans la conduite 21 et ainsi empêcher l'échange entre ce fluide et le matériau 20.Step 52 corresponds to the comparison made by the control module 24 during which the temperature of the material 20 is compared with a threshold temperature. If this temperature of the material is lower than the threshold temperature, the control module 24 orders at step 53 the closing of the control device 22. Conversely, if the temperature of the material is higher than the threshold temperature, the module 24 controls in step 54 the opening of the control device 22 so as to let the fluid pass refrigerant in the pipe 21 and thus prevent the exchange between this fluid and the material 20.

La figure 4 illustre le procédé dans sa version améliorée, c'est-à-dire en tenant compte de la deuxième condition relative à la pression. Les étapes 50 à 52 et 54 sont identiques au logigramme précédent.The figure 4 illustrates the process in its improved version, that is to say taking into account the second condition relating to the pressure. Steps 50 to 52 and 54 are identical to the previous logic diagram.

Après l'étape 53 et si la température du matériau 20 est inférieure à la température seuil, le module de contrôle compare, à une étape 55, la pression en sortie de compresseur telle que mesurée par le capteur haute pression 28 avec la pression seuil telle que définie auparavant. Si cette comparaison montre que la haute pression mesurée par le capteur haute pression 28 est inférieure à la pression seuil, le module de contrôle 24 ordonne à une étape 56 la fermeture du dispositif de contrôle 22. A l'inverse, si la haute pression mesurée par le capteur haute pression 28 est supérieure à la pression seuil, le procédé renvoi à l'étape 54 où le module de contrôle 24 organise l'ouverture du dispositif de contrôle 22 de sorte à laisser passer le fluide frigorigène dans la conduite 21 et ainsi empêcher l'échange entre ce fluide et le matériau 20.After step 53 and if the temperature of the material 20 is lower than the threshold temperature, the control module compares, in a step 55, the pressure at the compressor outlet as measured by the high pressure sensor 28 with the threshold pressure such as than previously defined. If this comparison shows that the high pressure measured by the high pressure sensor 28 is lower than the threshold pressure, the control module 24 orders a step 56 to close the control device 22. Conversely, if the high pressure measured by the high pressure sensor 28 is greater than the threshold pressure, the method refers to the step 54 where the control module 24 organizes the opening of the control device 22 so as to let the refrigerant in the pipe 21 and so prevent the exchange between this fluid and the material 20.

Un tel logigramme fonctionne de manière similaire en utilisant la condition relative au taux de compression.Such a flowchart works in a similar way using the compression ratio condition.

Claims (14)

  1. Method for controlling a storage device (9) mounted in a coolant circuit (1) through which there passes a refrigerant (FR), the said storage device (9) being installed between an internal exchanger (3) and an expansion member (11), the said storage device (9) comprising a material (20) which exchanges with the said refrigerant (FR), the said circuit comprising a compressor (2) and a pipe (21) bypassing the storage device (9), characterized in that the said method permits an exchange of heat between the material (20) and the refrigerant (FR) when the temperature of the material (20) is below a threshold temperature relative to the refrigerant (FR) and determined at the outlet of the internal exchanger (3), and the exchange of heat between the material (20) and the refrigerant (FR) is permitted when a refrigerant pressure determined between the compressor (2) and the expansion member (11) is below a threshold pressure.
  2. Control method according to Claim 1, in which the exchange of heat between the material (20) and the refrigerant (FR) is forbidden when the temperature of the material (20) is above the temperature of the refrigerant (FR) as determined at the outlet of the internal exchanger (3).
  3. Control method according to Claims 1 or 2, in which the circulation of refrigerant (FR) in the pipe (21) is placed under the dependency of a control device (22) and in which permission to exchange heat between the material (20) and the refrigerant (FR) is granted by the closing of the control device (22).
  4. Control method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the threshold temperature is equal to a temperature of the refrigerant (FR) from which an operating margin is subtracted.
  5. Control method according to Claim 4, in which the temperature of the refrigerant (FR) is measured by a first sensor (30) installed at the outlet of the internal exchanger (3).
  6. Control method according to Claim 4, in which the temperature of the refrigerant (FR) is estimated from a pressure of the said refrigerant measured between an outlet of a compressor (2) with which the said circuit is equipped, and an inlet of the expansion member (11).
  7. Control method according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the coolant circuit (1) operates in heating mode.
  8. Control method according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, in which the temperature of the material (20) is measured by a second sensor (31) installed in the storage device (9).
  9. Control method according to Claim 8, in which the threshold pressure is dependent on a flow rate of a vehicle-interior air flow (6) which exchanges with the refrigerant (FR) across the internal exchanger (3).
  10. Control method according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, in which the coolant circuit (1) comprises a compressor (2) and the exchange of heat between the material (20) and the refrigerant (FR) is permitted when a compression ratio of the compressor (2) is below a threshold compression ratio.
  11. Coolant circuit (1) for implementing the method according to Claims 1 to 10, comprising a compressor (2), an external exchanger (15), an expansion member (11) and an internal exchanger (3) through which a refrigerant (FR) passes, in that order, when the circuit is operating in cooling mode and in the reverse order when the said circuit is operating in heating mode, a storage device (9) which is incorporated into the said circuit between a second orifice (7) of the internal exchanger (3) and a first orifice (12) of the expansion member (11) when the circuit is operating in heating mode, and in that a pipe (21) bypasses the storage device (9), a circulation of refrigerant (FR) in the said pipe (21) being placed under the dependency of a control device (22), characterized in that the said circuit comprises a pressure sensor (28) for the pressure of the refrigerant (FR), which sensor is installed between the compressor (2) and the expansion member (11) when the circuit is operating in heating mode.
  12. Circuit according to Claim 11, in which the storage device (9) comprises a material (20) which exchanges heat with the refrigerant (FR).
  13. Circuit according to Claim 12, in which a second temperature sensor (31) is in contact with the material (20).
  14. Circuit according to any one of Claims 11 to 13, comprising a first temperature sensor (30) for the temperature of the refrigerant (FR), which sensor is installed between the internal exchanger (3) and the storage device (9).
EP11165429.9A 2010-05-31 2011-05-10 Method for controlling a storage device in a coolant circuit Active EP2400240B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1002277A FR2960629B1 (en) 2010-05-31 2010-05-31 METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A STORAGE DEVICE IN A REFRIGERANT CIRCUIT

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EP2400240A1 EP2400240A1 (en) 2011-12-28
EP2400240B1 true EP2400240B1 (en) 2016-04-20

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Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2677243A (en) * 1952-08-28 1954-05-04 Telkes Maria Method and apparatus for the storage of heat
US4165037A (en) * 1976-06-21 1979-08-21 Mccarson Donald M Apparatus and method for combined solar and heat pump heating and cooling system
JP2504437B2 (en) * 1987-01-30 1996-06-05 株式会社東芝 air conditioner
US20020162342A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2002-11-07 Kuo-Liang Weng Method for controlling air conditioner/heater by thermal storage
KR100402366B1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2003-10-17 진금수 Heat pump system
JP2005042943A (en) * 2003-07-23 2005-02-17 Hitachi Ltd Heat storage type air conditioner
US20060096308A1 (en) * 2004-11-09 2006-05-11 Manole Dan M Vapor compression system with defrost system
FR2906604A1 (en) * 2006-09-28 2008-04-04 Heliotrans Sarl MODULE USEFUL FOR STORAGE AND THERMAL TRANSFER.
KR100970870B1 (en) * 2008-08-26 2010-07-16 진금수 Heat pump system

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FR2960629A1 (en) 2011-12-02
FR2960629B1 (en) 2014-09-12

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