EP2397809A2 - Method and assembly for the generation of high energy microwave impulses - Google Patents

Method and assembly for the generation of high energy microwave impulses Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2397809A2
EP2397809A2 EP11004608A EP11004608A EP2397809A2 EP 2397809 A2 EP2397809 A2 EP 2397809A2 EP 11004608 A EP11004608 A EP 11004608A EP 11004608 A EP11004608 A EP 11004608A EP 2397809 A2 EP2397809 A2 EP 2397809A2
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Prior art keywords
pulse
arrangement
conductor components
antenna
conductor
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EP11004608A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2397809A3 (en
EP2397809B1 (en
Inventor
Robert Dr. Stark
Thilo Prof. Ehlen
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Diehl BGT Defence GmbH and Co KG
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Diehl BGT Defence GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H13/00—Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
    • F41H13/0093—Devices generating an electromagnetic pulse, e.g. for disrupting or destroying electronic devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H13/00—Means of attack or defence not otherwise provided for
    • F41H13/0043—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target
    • F41H13/0068—Directed energy weapons, i.e. devices that direct a beam of high energy content toward a target for incapacitating or destroying the target the high-energy beam being of microwave type, e.g. for causing a heating effect in the target

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for generating microwave pulses of high energy according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an arrangement for generating microwave pulses of high energy according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • Microwave pulses high energy or high energy density are nowadays used to electronic components threatening objects, such as those of time-triggered or mobile phone-controlled explosives such.
  • B. booby traps or the like To destroy or at least dysfunctional.
  • Corresponding microwave pulse generating systems are preferably used in the form of portable systems or carried on vehicles. They should therefore be as compact as possible. The possibility of using such systems is not limited to the near field, but can be extended to larger ranges, for example, with the aim of impairing the trajectory of electronically controlled objects such. B. missiles or the like. One strives for the applications described to produce pulses with the highest possible energy density and power.
  • a microwave pulse generator in which a pulse with a rise in the order of a nanosecond and an amplitude in the range of 12-20 kV is generated at a first spark gap.
  • This pulse is then converted into a damped sine wave (DS pulse) via another series-connected spark gap, which acts as a switch, and emitted via a reflector or an antenna.
  • DS pulse damped sine wave
  • the slope of the radiated pulse is usually limited.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a generic method as well as a generic arrangement which, on the one hand, enables a high energy density of the microwave pulse to be radiated, a simple construction and a reduction in dimension compared with previous arrangements and, on the other hand allows increased flexibility in the field of pulse shaping.
  • the idea of the present invention is to provide in the area of the antenna a large-area, array-like arrangement consisting of a multiplicity of surface-distributed, preferably parallel and / or serially connected, conductor components.
  • the pulse originating from the pulse generator generates or induces in the planar arrangement of the conductor components a surface current which in turn generates the field to be radiated.
  • the idea offers the advantage of being able to undertake targeted measures concerning the shaping of the pulse to be radiated by means of the conductor components. For example, by using nonlinear conductor components, ie, conductor components having a non-linear characteristic, an effective increase in the edge steepness of the resultant pulse generated by the large-area arrangement can be achieved. Such a pulse has a very high energy density.
  • each conductor component is inversely proportional to the total number of conductor components by the incoming impulse loaded less. This in turn results in the advantage of using conductor components, in particular semiconductor components, as conductor components which would, in themselves, be exposed to physical limitations and therefore could not be used.
  • the cascading can be serial, parallel or preferably parallel and serial.
  • the energy flow resulting from the incoming impulse is optimally distributed in the latter case.
  • the non-linearity that is, the presence of a non-linear characteristic can be a property of the individual conductor components.
  • the cascade of the conductor components may also have a total of nonlinearity.
  • the invention makes it possible, in addition to passive d. H. non-controllable also to use active conductor elements. If the conductor components are active components, targeted activation and thus targeted shaping of the pulse can take place in the region of the antenna. In particular, additional patterns can be modeled on the pulse. A modulation of the pulse can be an important additional criterion, especially in the control of directional pulses (beam steering).
  • the active influencing can be carried out in particular by applying a voltage to the conductor components or by changing the applied voltage or the current intensity.
  • a reflector antenna z As regards the arrangement also claimed in the side-by-side order for the generation of microwave pulses of high energy, the use of a reflector antenna z.
  • IRA antenna impulse radiating antenna
  • the conductor components can be mounted well on the large-area reflector of the antenna.
  • the invention is not limited thereto.
  • a so-called horn antenna is also suitable, since the planar arrangement of the conductor components can in this case be located on the wall which closes the widening horn. This is irradiated by the pulse at the exit.
  • Other planar antennas can also be used.
  • Semiconductor components such as diodes, are particularly suitable for implementing nonlinear conductor components.
  • a diode makes it possible to increase the edge steepness of the outgoing pulse in comparison to the pulse entering the diode.
  • a diode can be used as a conductor component and an inductance, especially a non-linear inductance.
  • the patch panels are insulated from each other.
  • the patch fields can also be separated from each other, eg. B. resistive or inductive, decoupled or interconnected. This allows increased flexibility in the field of pulse shaping and design of the reflector.
  • Fig. 3 shows a greatly simplified arrangement for generating a microwave pulse of high energy, z. B. a DS (damped sinusoid) pulse.
  • the arrangement comprises a power source 1, z. B. a battery with a very high voltage.
  • the power source 1 feeds the pulse generator 2, for example, a so-called Marx generator, which generates a voltage pulse of the size unit of z. B. 0.3 to 3.0 MV and according to the form Fig. 1 generated.
  • the pulse generator 2 for example, a so-called Marx generator, which generates a voltage pulse of the size unit of z. B. 0.3 to 3.0 MV and according to the form Fig. 1 generated.
  • the pulse shaping unit 3 the aforementioned pulse is converted into a damped sine wave (DS), as in Fig. 2 is shown.
  • the DS pulse Via the antenna 4, the DS pulse is subsequently emitted to the environment.
  • a large-area arrangement 6, 15 of conductor components 5, in particular semiconductor components is provided.
  • the conductor components 5 are cascaded both in parallel and serially.
  • the arrangement 6, 15 is directly exposed to the electric and magnetic field of the pulse of the pulse generator 2 and the DS pulse of the pulse shaping unit 3.
  • the field of the incoming pulse generates a surface current, which in turn generates the field of the resulting pulse to be radiated.
  • An increase in the edge steepness of the pulse to be radiated with respect to the incoming pulse is achieved by a non-linear characteristic.
  • conductor elements 5 are used with non-linear characteristic.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B it can be seen a plurality of individual mutually insulated patch panels 9 are provided on a reflector support 12.
  • the individual patch fields 9 are connected to one another in the direction of cascading via the nonlinear conductor components, in particular the diodes 7 or inductors 8.
  • the patch fields can also be separated from each other, eg. B. resistive or inductive, decoupled or interconnected. This allows increased flexibility in the field of pulse shaping and design of the reflector.
  • the planar arrangement 6 is expediently located in the region of the reflector 14 of an IRA antenna as shown in FIG Fig. 4 is shown.
  • the planar arrangement 6 of the individually distributed conductor elements 5 causes a total of a nonlinear reflection characteristic, which leads to an effective increase in the edge steepness of the radiated from the reflector 14 pulse and thus to a higher energy density.
  • the planar arrangement 15 may also be part of a wall 13 of a horn antenna, as in Fig. 5A is shown.
  • the pulse is formed while it passes through the wall 13 including the planar array 15 thereon of non-linear conductor elements 5.
  • the planar arrangement 15 of non-linear conductor elements 5 is in the embodiment according to Fig. 5A arranged in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
  • the orientation can also be provided differently, for example obliquely to the longitudinal axis o. The like.
  • Fig. 5B it is shown for. B. possible to provide a planar arrangement of conductor elements, which comprises mutually arranged at an angle partial surfaces. Accordingly, one part of the conductor elements 5 runs along the wall 13 of the other part along the diverging part of the antenna.
  • the active control and control of the pulse characteristic to activate the printed circuit elements 5 as a whole or even only partially in order to influence the formation of the pulse in a targeted manner.
  • the conductor components may be passive but also active conductor components.
  • a control device 10 as in FIG Fig. 6B indicated
  • a suitable voltage or a current additional influence on the shape of the pulse to be radiated be taken.
  • a modulation of the pulse can be made, which in the so-called beam steering can be beneficial.
  • the present invention enables the generation of pulses of increased energy density without sacrificing the compactness of the devices concerned.
  • the invention enables active control and control of the pulse characteristic by the reflector.
  • the present invention therefore represents a very special contribution in the relevant field of technology.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves generating a pulse, particularly damped sinusoid-pulse by a pulse generator. The damped sinusoid-pulse is emitted by an antenna, where a plane arrangement (6,15) is exposed to an electromagnetic field of the pulse generated by the pulse generator in the area of the antenna. The plane arrangement has multiple conductor components. An independent claim is also included for an arrangement for generating microwave pulses of high energy, particularly those based on high power electromagnets technology.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Mikrowellen-Impulsen hoher Energie gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Ferner betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Anordnung zur Erzeugung von Mikrowellen-Impulsen hoher Energie gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 7.The present invention relates to a method for generating microwave pulses of high energy according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an arrangement for generating microwave pulses of high energy according to the preamble of claim 7.

Mikrowellen-Impulse hoher Energie bzw. hoher Energiedichte, insbesondere solcher auf der Basis der HPEM (High Power Electromagnetics) Technologie werden heutzutage dazu eingesetzt, elektronische Komponenten bedrohlicher Gegenstände, beispielsweise solche von zeitgezündeten oder handygesteuerten Sprengsätzen wie z. B. Sprengfallen oder dgl. zu zerstören oder zumindest funktionsuntüchtig zu machen. Entsprechende Mikrowellen-Impulse generierende Systeme werden vorzugsweise in Form von tragbaren Systemen verwendet oder an Fahrzeugen mitgeführt. Sie sollen daher möglichst kompakt sein. Die Möglichkeit des Einsatzes derartiger Systeme ist aber nicht nur auf den Nahbereich beschränkt, sondern kann auch auf größere Reichweiten ausgedehnt werden, beispielsweise mit dem Ziel der Beeinträchtigung der Flugbahn von elektronisch gesteuerten Objekten wie z. B. Raketen oder dgl. Man ist für die beschriebenen Einsatzmöglichkeiten bestrebt, Impulse mit möglichst hoher Energiedichte und Leistung zu erzeugen.Microwave pulses high energy or high energy density, especially those based on the HPEM (High Power Electromagnetics) technology are nowadays used to electronic components threatening objects, such as those of time-triggered or mobile phone-controlled explosives such. B. booby traps or the like. To destroy or at least dysfunctional. Corresponding microwave pulse generating systems are preferably used in the form of portable systems or carried on vehicles. They should therefore be as compact as possible. The possibility of using such systems is not limited to the near field, but can be extended to larger ranges, for example, with the aim of impairing the trajectory of electronically controlled objects such. B. missiles or the like. One strives for the applications described to produce pulses with the highest possible energy density and power.

Aus der US 3,748,528 ist ein Mikrowellen-Impuls-Generator bekannt, bei dem an einer ersten Funkenstrecke ein Impuls mit einem Flankenanstieg in der Größenordnung einer Nanosekunde und einer Amplitude im Bereich von 12-20 kV erzeugt wird. Dieser Impuls wird anschließend über eine weitere, in Serie geschaltete Funkenstrecke, die als Schalter fungiert, in eine gedämpfte Sinusschwingung (DS-Impuls) konvertiert und über einen Reflektor bzw. eine Antenne abgestrahlt. Mit derartigen Anordnungen ist die Flankensteilheit des abgestrahlten Impulses in der Regel begrenzt.From the US 3,748,528 For example, a microwave pulse generator is known in which a pulse with a rise in the order of a nanosecond and an amplitude in the range of 12-20 kV is generated at a first spark gap. This pulse is then converted into a damped sine wave (DS pulse) via another series-connected spark gap, which acts as a switch, and emitted via a reflector or an antenna. With such arrangements, the slope of the radiated pulse is usually limited.

Zur Erhöhung der Energiedichte derartiger Impulse ist man zusätzlich dazu übergegangen, wie dies in der DE 10 2006 014 230 A1 oder in der DE 103 13 286 B3 aufgezeigt ist, Anordnungen aus einer Mehrzahl von parallel geschalteter Mikrowellengeneratoren vorzusehen. Solche Anordnungen haben allerdings den Nachteil, dass sie einen gewissen Platzbedarf benötigen und daher für Anordnungen mit reduzierten Dimensionen nur bedingt geeignet sind.In order to increase the energy density of such impulses one has additionally gone over, as in the DE 10 2006 014 230 A1 or in the DE 103 13 286 B3 is shown to provide arrangements of a plurality of parallel-connected microwave generators. However, such arrangements have the disadvantage that they require a certain amount of space and are therefore only of limited suitability for arrangements with reduced dimensions.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren sowie eine gattungsgemäße Anordnung zur Verfügung zu stellen, das bzw. die einerseits eine hohe Energiedichte des abzustrahlenden Mikrowellen-Impulses, eine einfache Bauweise sowie eine Reduzierung der Dimension im Vergleich zu bisherigen Anordnungen ermöglicht und andererseits eine erhöhte Flexibilität im Bereich der Pulsformung erlaubt.The object of the present invention is to provide a generic method as well as a generic arrangement which, on the one hand, enables a high energy density of the microwave pulse to be radiated, a simple construction and a reduction in dimension compared with previous arrangements and, on the other hand allows increased flexibility in the field of pulse shaping.

Die vorstehende Aufgabe wird beim gattungsgemäßen Verfahren durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1 sowie bei der gattungsgemäßen Anordnung durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 7 gelöst.The above object is achieved in the generic method by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 and in the generic arrangement by the features of the characterizing part of claim 7.

Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden mit den Unteransprüchen beansprucht.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are claimed with the subclaims.

Die Idee der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, im Bereich der Antenne eine großflächige, Array-artige Anordnung beststehend aus einer Vielzahl flächig verteilter, vorzugsweise parallel und/oder seriell zueinander geschalteten Leiterbauelementen vorzusehen. Der vom Impulsgenerator stammende Impuls erzeugt bzw. induziert in der flächigen Anordnung der Leiterbauelemente einen Oberflächenstrom, der seinerseits das abzustrahlende Feld generiert. Die Idee bietet den Vorteil, mittels der Leiterbauelemente gezielte Maßnahmen betreffend die Formung des abzustrahlenden Impulses vornehmen zu können. So kann beispielsweise durch Verwendung nichtlinearer Leiterbauelemente also Leiterbauelemente mit einer nichtlinearen Kennlinie eine wirksame Erhöhung der Flankensteilheit des von der großflächigen Anordnung erzeugten, resultierenden Impulses erreicht werden. Ein solcher Impuls besitzt eine sehr hohe Energiedichte. Zum anderen wird jedes Leiterbauelement umgekehrt proportional zur Gesamtzahl der Leiterbauelemente durch den eintreffenden Impuls geringer belastet. Daraus wiederum resultiert der Vorteil, Leiterbauelemente, vor allem auch Halbleiter-Bauelemente als Leiterbauelemente einzusetzen, die für sich betrachtet physikalischen Begrenzungen ausgesetzt wären und daher nicht einsetzbar wären.The idea of the present invention is to provide in the area of the antenna a large-area, array-like arrangement consisting of a multiplicity of surface-distributed, preferably parallel and / or serially connected, conductor components. The pulse originating from the pulse generator generates or induces in the planar arrangement of the conductor components a surface current which in turn generates the field to be radiated. The idea offers the advantage of being able to undertake targeted measures concerning the shaping of the pulse to be radiated by means of the conductor components. For example, by using nonlinear conductor components, ie, conductor components having a non-linear characteristic, an effective increase in the edge steepness of the resultant pulse generated by the large-area arrangement can be achieved. Such a pulse has a very high energy density. On the other hand, each conductor component is inversely proportional to the total number of conductor components by the incoming impulse loaded less. This in turn results in the advantage of using conductor components, in particular semiconductor components, as conductor components which would, in themselves, be exposed to physical limitations and therefore could not be used.

Dadurch, dass die Leiterbauelemente in einer Kaskade angeordnet sind, wird eine gerichtete Hintereinanderschaltung (Kaskadierung) erreicht, so dass sich die physikalischen Effekte der einzelnen Leiterbauelemente insgesamt summieren, obgleich sie jeweils nur im anteiligen Bruchteil durch den entsprechenden Impuls belastet werden. Der gesamte Energiefluss teilt sich auf, er muss nicht über ein einziges Leiterbauelement geleitet werden.The fact that the conductor components are arranged in a cascade, a directed series connection (cascading) is achieved, so that the total physical effects of the individual conductor elements sum, although they are each charged only in a proportionate fraction by the corresponding pulse. The entire energy flow is divided, it does not have to be routed through a single conductor element.

Die Kaskadierung kann seriell, parallel oder vorzugsweiße parallel und seriell sein. Der durch den eintreffenden Impuls sich ergebenden Energiefluss verteilt sich in letzterem Fall optimal.The cascading can be serial, parallel or preferably parallel and serial. The energy flow resulting from the incoming impulse is optimally distributed in the latter case.

Die Nichtlinearität, also das vorliegen einer nichtlinearen Kennlinie kann eine Eigenschaft der einzelnen Leiterbauelemente sein.The non-linearity, that is, the presence of a non-linear characteristic can be a property of the individual conductor components.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich hierzu kann aber auch die Kaskade der Leiterbauelemente insgesamt eine Nichtlinearität besitzen.Alternatively or in addition to this, however, the cascade of the conductor components may also have a total of nonlinearity.

Die Erfindung macht es möglich, neben passiven d. h. nicht ansteuerbaren auch aktive Leiterbauelemente einzusetzen. Sofern es sich bei den Leiterbauelementen um aktive Bauelementen handelt, kann im Bereich der Antenne eine gezielte Ansteuerung und damit eine gezielte Formung des Impulses erfolgen. Insbesondere können dem Impuls zusätzliche Muster aufmodelliert werden. Eine Aufmodulation des Impulses kann vor allem bei der Steuerung von gerichteten Impulsen (Beam Steering) ein wichtiges Zusatzkriterium sein.The invention makes it possible, in addition to passive d. H. non-controllable also to use active conductor elements. If the conductor components are active components, targeted activation and thus targeted shaping of the pulse can take place in the region of the antenna. In particular, additional patterns can be modeled on the pulse. A modulation of the pulse can be an important additional criterion, especially in the control of directional pulses (beam steering).

Auch ist es möglich, einen Teil der großflächigen Anordnung der Vielzahl von Leiterbauelementen mit aktiven Leiterbauelementen einen weiteren Teil mit passiven Leiterbauelementen zu versehen. Hierdurch erreicht man große Freiheitsgrade in der Beeinflussung d. h. Kontrolle und Steuerung der Impulscharakteristik.It is also possible to provide a part of the large-area arrangement of the multiplicity of conductor components with active conductor components with a further part with passive conductor components. This achieves great degrees of freedom in the influencing ie control and control of the pulse characteristic.

Die aktive Beeinflussung kann insbesondere durch Anlegen einer Spannung an die Leiterbauelemente oder durch Veränderung der angelegten Spannung oder der Stromstärke vorgenommen werden.The active influencing can be carried out in particular by applying a voltage to the conductor components or by changing the applied voltage or the current intensity.

Was die auch nebengeordnet beanspruchte Anordnung zur Erzeugung von Mikrowellen-Impulsen hoher Energie anbelangt, ist die Verwendung einer Reflektorantenne z. B. einer sogenannten IRA-Antenne (impulse radiating antenna) besonders geeignet, da die Leiterbauelemente auf dem großflächigen Reflektor der Antenne gut angebracht werden können.As regards the arrangement also claimed in the side-by-side order for the generation of microwave pulses of high energy, the use of a reflector antenna z. As a so-called IRA antenna (impulse radiating antenna) particularly suitable because the conductor components can be mounted well on the large-area reflector of the antenna.

Die Erfindung ist aber hierauf nicht beschränkt. Auch eine sogenannte Hornantenne eignet sich, da die flächige Anordnung der Leiterbauelemente sich in diesem Fall auf der das sich erweiternde Horn verschließenden Wand befinden kann. Diese wird von dem Impuls beim Austritt durchstrahlt. Auch sonstige flächige Antennen können zum Einsatz kommen.However, the invention is not limited thereto. A so-called horn antenna is also suitable, since the planar arrangement of the conductor components can in this case be located on the wall which closes the widening horn. This is irradiated by the pulse at the exit. Other planar antennas can also be used.

Zur Realisierung nichtlinearer Leiterbauelemente eigenen sich vor allem Halbleiterbauelemente, wie etwa Dioden. Eine Diode ermöglicht bei Beaufschlagung eines Impulses eine Erhöhung der Flankensteilheit des ausgehenden Impulses im Vergleich zu dem in die Diode einlaufenden Impuls.Semiconductor components, such as diodes, are particularly suitable for implementing nonlinear conductor components. When a pulse is applied, a diode makes it possible to increase the edge steepness of the outgoing pulse in comparison to the pulse entering the diode.

Anstelle einer Diode kann als Leiterbauelement auch eine Induktivität vor allem eine nichtlineare Induktivität zum Einsatz kommen.Instead of a diode can be used as a conductor component and an inductance, especially a non-linear inductance.

Besonders vorteilhaft sind einzelne, leitende Patchfelder, die in Summe die Antenne bilden und den Impuls generieren (Patchantenne). Zur Erzielung eines geeigneten Stromflusses durch die einzelnen Leiterbauelemente sind die Patchfelder gegeneinander isoliert.Particularly advantageous are individual, conductive patch fields, which together form the antenna and generate the pulse (patch antenna). To achieve a suitable current flow through the individual conductor components, the patch panels are insulated from each other.

Alternativ können die Patchfelder auch voneinander, z. B. resistiv oder induktiv, entkoppelt oder verschaltet sein. Dies ermöglicht eine erhöhte Flexibilität im Bereich der Impulsformung und Auslegung des Reflektors.Alternatively, the patch fields can also be separated from each other, eg. B. resistive or inductive, decoupled or interconnected. This allows increased flexibility in the field of pulse shaping and design of the reflector.

Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung werden anhand von Zeichnungsfiguren näher erläutert. Sich wiederholende Merkmale werden der Übersichtlichkeit halber lediglich einmal mit einem betreffenden Bezugszeichen versehen.Advantageous embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawing figures. Repetitive features are provided for clarity only once with a reference numeral.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine vereinfachte Darstellung der Impulsform eines von einem Impulsgenerators direkt erzeugten Impulses;
Fig. 2
eine vereinfachte Darstellung der Impulsform nach Konvertierung des Impulses nach Fig. 1 in einen DS-Impuls;
Fig. 3
eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellung einer Anordnung zur Erzeugung sowie Abstrahlung eines Mikrowellen-Impulses;
Fig. 4
eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellung des Bereichs der Antenne einer ersten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen flächigen Anordnung von Leiterbauelementen;
Fig. 5A
eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellung des Bereichs der Antenne einer zweiten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen flächigen Anordnung von Leiterbauelementen;
Fig. 5B
eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellung des Bereichs der Antenne einer dritten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen flächigen Anordnung von Leiterbauelementen;
Fig. 6A
eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellung eines Teils der flächigen Anordnung von Dioden als nichtlineare Leiterbauelementen im Bereich des Reflektors der Ausgestaltung nach Fig. 4 oder im Bereich der Wand der Ausgestaltung nach Fig. 5A bzw. 5B; sowie
Fig. 6B
eine stark vereinfachte schematische Darstellung eines Teils der flächigen Anordnung von Induktivitäten als nichtlineare Leiterbauelementen im Bereich des Reflektors der Ausgestaltung nach Fig. 4 oder im Bereich der Wand der Ausgestaltung nach Fig. 5A bzw. 5B.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a simplified representation of the pulse shape of a pulse directly generated by a pulse generator;
Fig. 2
a simplified representation of the pulse shape after conversion of the pulse to Fig. 1 in a DS pulse;
Fig. 3
a greatly simplified schematic representation of an arrangement for generating and emitting a microwave pulse;
Fig. 4
a greatly simplified schematic representation of the area of the antenna of a first embodiment of the planar arrangement of conductor elements according to the invention;
Fig. 5A
a greatly simplified schematic representation of the area of the antenna of a second embodiment of the planar arrangement of conductor elements according to the invention;
Fig. 5B
a greatly simplified schematic representation of the area of the antenna of a third embodiment of the planar arrangement of conductor elements according to the invention;
Fig. 6A
a highly simplified schematic representation of a portion of the array of diodes as non-linear conductor elements in the region of the reflector of the embodiment according to Fig. 4 or in the area of the wall of the embodiment Fig. 5A or 5B; such as
Fig. 6B
a greatly simplified schematic representation of a portion of the planar arrangement of inductors as non-linear conductor elements in the region of the reflector of the embodiment according to Fig. 4 or in the area of the wall of the embodiment Fig. 5A or 5B.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine stark vereinfachte Anordnung zur Erzeugung eines Mikrowellen-Impulses hoher Energie, z. B. eines DS (damped sinusoid) Impulses. Die Anordnung umfasst eine Energiequelle 1, z. B. eine Batterie mit einer sehr hohen Spannung. Die Energiequelle 1 speist den Impulsgenerator 2 beispielsweise einen sogenannte Marx-Generator, welcher einen Spannungsimpuls der Größeneinheit von z. B. 0,3 bis 3,0 MV und gemäß der Form nach Fig. 1 erzeugt. Über eine geeignete Impulsformungseinheit 3 wird der vorgenannte Impuls in eine gedämpfte Sinusschwingung (DS) konvertiert, wie sie in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist. Über die Antenne 4 wird der DS-Impuls anschließend an die Umgebung abgegeben. Fig. 3 shows a greatly simplified arrangement for generating a microwave pulse of high energy, z. B. a DS (damped sinusoid) pulse. The arrangement comprises a power source 1, z. B. a battery with a very high voltage. The power source 1 feeds the pulse generator 2, for example, a so-called Marx generator, which generates a voltage pulse of the size unit of z. B. 0.3 to 3.0 MV and according to the form Fig. 1 generated. Through a suitable pulse shaping unit 3, the aforementioned pulse is converted into a damped sine wave (DS), as in Fig. 2 is shown. Via the antenna 4, the DS pulse is subsequently emitted to the environment.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist, vgl. Fig. 4, vorzugsweise im Bereich der Antenne 4 eine großflächige Anordnung 6, 15 von Leiterbauelementen 5, insbesondere Halbleiterbauelementen, vorgesehen. Die Leiterbauelemente 5 sind sowohl parallel als auch seriell kaskadiert. Die Anordnung 6, 15 ist unmittelbar dem elektrischen und magnetischen Feld des Impulses des Impulsgenerators 2 bzw. des DS-Impulses der Impulsformungseinheit 3 ausgesetzt. In Folge dessen wird der gesamte Energiefluss über die flächige Anordnung 6, 15 der einzelnen Leiterbauelemente 5 geleitet und nicht nur über ein einziges Element. Das Feld des eintreffenden Impulses erzeugt einen Oberflächenstrom, der seinerseits wiederum das Feld des resultierenden, abzustrahlenden Impulses generiert.According to the invention, cf. Fig. 4 , preferably in the area of the antenna 4, a large-area arrangement 6, 15 of conductor components 5, in particular semiconductor components, is provided. The conductor components 5 are cascaded both in parallel and serially. The arrangement 6, 15 is directly exposed to the electric and magnetic field of the pulse of the pulse generator 2 and the DS pulse of the pulse shaping unit 3. As a result, the entire energy flow is passed over the planar arrangement 6, 15 of the individual conductor components 5 and not only via a single element. The field of the incoming pulse generates a surface current, which in turn generates the field of the resulting pulse to be radiated.

Eine Erhöhung der Flankensteilheit des abzustrahlenden Impulses gegenüber dem eintreffenden Impuls wird durch eine nichtlineare Kennlinie erreicht. Hierzu werden vorzugsweise Leiterbauelemente 5 mit nichtlinearer Kennlinie eingesetzt.An increase in the edge steepness of the pulse to be radiated with respect to the incoming pulse is achieved by a non-linear characteristic. For this purpose, preferably conductor elements 5 are used with non-linear characteristic.

Gemäß Fig. 6 kann es sich bei den nichtlinearen Leiterbauelementen 5 um Dioden 7 (vgl. Fig. 6A) oder um Induktivitäten 8 (Fig. 6B) handeln. Wie aus Fig. 6A und 6B ersichtlich sind eine Vielzahl von einzelnen gegenseitig zueinander isolierten Patchfelder 9 auf einem Reflektorträger 12 vorgesehen. Die einzelnen Patchfelder 9 sind in Richtung der Kaskadierung über die nichtlinearen Leiterbauelemente insbesondere die Dioden 7 bzw. Induktivitäten 8 miteinander verbunden.According to Fig. 6 For example, in the case of the nonlinear conductor components 5, these may be diodes 7 (cf. Fig. 6A ) or inductors 8 ( Fig. 6B ) act. How out FIGS. 6A and 6B it can be seen a plurality of individual mutually insulated patch panels 9 are provided on a reflector support 12. The individual patch fields 9 are connected to one another in the direction of cascading via the nonlinear conductor components, in particular the diodes 7 or inductors 8.

Alternativ können die Patchfelder auch voneinander, z. B. resistiv oder induktiv, entkoppelt oder verschaltet sein. Dies ermöglicht eine erhöhte Flexibilität im Bereich der Impulsformung und Auslegung des Reflektors.Alternatively, the patch fields can also be separated from each other, eg. B. resistive or inductive, decoupled or interconnected. This allows increased flexibility in the field of pulse shaping and design of the reflector.

Die flächige Anordnung 6 befindet sich zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich des Reflektors 14 einer IRA-Antenne, wie sie in Fig. 4 dargestellt ist. Die flächige Anordnung 6 der einzeln verteilten Leiterbauelemente 5 bewirkt insgesamt eine nichtlineare Reflektionskennlinie, die zu einer wirksamen Erhöhung der Flankensteilheit des vom Reflektor 14 abzustrahlenden Impulses und damit zu einer höheren Energiedichte führt.The planar arrangement 6 is expediently located in the region of the reflector 14 of an IRA antenna as shown in FIG Fig. 4 is shown. The planar arrangement 6 of the individually distributed conductor elements 5 causes a total of a nonlinear reflection characteristic, which leads to an effective increase in the edge steepness of the radiated from the reflector 14 pulse and thus to a higher energy density.

Alternativ kann die flächige Anordnung 15 auch Bestandteil einer Wand 13 einer Hornantenne sein, wie sie in Fig. 5A dargestellt ist. Hierbei wird der Impuls geformt, während er die Wand 13 einschließlich der darauf befindlichen flächigen Anordnung 15 von nichtlinearen Leiterbauelementen 5 durchstrahlt. Die flächige Anordnung 15 von nichtlinearen Leiterbauelementen 5 ist bei der Ausgestaltung nach Fig. 5A in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Längsachse angeordnet. Die Orientierung kann jedoch auch anders vorgesehen sein, beispielsweise schräg zur Längsachse o. dgl.Alternatively, the planar arrangement 15 may also be part of a wall 13 of a horn antenna, as in Fig. 5A is shown. In this case, the pulse is formed while it passes through the wall 13 including the planar array 15 thereon of non-linear conductor elements 5. The planar arrangement 15 of non-linear conductor elements 5 is in the embodiment according to Fig. 5A arranged in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. However, the orientation can also be provided differently, for example obliquely to the longitudinal axis o. The like.

Wie in Fig. 5B dargestellt ist es z. B. möglich, eine flächige Anordnung von Leiterbauelementen vorzusehen, die zueinander in einem Winkel angeordneter Teilflächen umfasst. Dementsprechend verläuft ein Teil der Leiterbauelemente 5 entlang der Wand 13 der andere Teil entlang des divergierenden Teils der Antenne.As in Fig. 5B it is shown for. B. possible to provide a planar arrangement of conductor elements, which comprises mutually arranged at an angle partial surfaces. Accordingly, one part of the conductor elements 5 runs along the wall 13 of the other part along the diverging part of the antenna.

Weiterhin ist es zur aktive Kontrolle und Steuerung der Impulscharakteristik möglich, die Leiterbauelemente 5 insgesamt oder auch nur bereichsweise aktiv anzusteuern, um die Ausbildung des Impulses hierdurch gezielt zu beeinflussen. So können beispielsweise Leiterbauelemente 5 entlang der Wand 13 passiv d. h. nicht angesteuert diejenigen entlang des divergierenden Teils der Antenne 4 aktiv d. h. angesteuert sein.Furthermore, it is possible for the active control and control of the pulse characteristic to activate the printed circuit elements 5 as a whole or even only partially in order to influence the formation of the pulse in a targeted manner. For example, conductor elements 5 along the wall 13 passively d. H. not driven those along the diverging part of the antenna 4 active d. H. be driven.

Bei den Leiterbauelementen kann es sich, wie bereits erwähnt, um passive aber auch um aktive Leiterbauelemente handeln. Im Falle von aktiven Leiterbauelementen kann mittels einer Steuereinrichtung 10 (wie in Fig. 6B angedeutet) durch Anlegen einer geeigneten Spannung oder eines Stroms zusätzlich Einfluss auf die Form des abzustrahlenden Impulses genommen werden. Vor allem kann eine Modulation des Impulses vorgenommen werden, was bei dem sogenannten Beam Steering von Vorteil sein kann.As already mentioned, the conductor components may be passive but also active conductor components. In the case of active conductor elements, by means of a control device 10 (as in FIG Fig. 6B indicated) by applying a suitable voltage or a current additional influence on the shape of the pulse to be radiated be taken. Above all, a modulation of the pulse can be made, which in the so-called beam steering can be beneficial.

Alles in allem ermöglicht die vorliegende Erfindung die Erzeugung von Impulsen erhöhter Energiedichte ohne Einbußen an Kompaktheit der betreffenden Einrichtungen. Zudem ermöglicht die Erfindung eine aktive Kontrolle und Steuerung der Impulscharakteristik durch den Reflektor. Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt daher einen ganz besonderen Beitrag auf dem einschlägigen Gebiet der Technik dar.All in all, the present invention enables the generation of pulses of increased energy density without sacrificing the compactness of the devices concerned. In addition, the invention enables active control and control of the pulse characteristic by the reflector. The present invention therefore represents a very special contribution in the relevant field of technology.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Energiequelleenergy
22
Impulsgeneratorpulse generator
33
ImpulsformungseinheitPulse shaping unit
44
Antenneantenna
55
Leiterbauelementconductor device
66
flächige Anordnung (Reflektor)flat arrangement (reflector)
77
Diodediode
88th
Induktivitätinductance
99
Patchfeldpatch panel
1010
Steuereinrichtungcontrol device
1111
PatchfeldbereichPatch field area
1212
Reflektorträgerstaffman
1313
Wandwall
1414
Reflektorreflector
1515
flächige Anordnung (Transmitter)flat arrangement (transmitter)

Claims (15)

Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Mikrowellen-Impulsen hoher Energie, insbesondere solcher auf Basis der HPEM-Technologie, wobei mittels eines von einer Energiequelle (1) gespeisten Impulsgenerators (2) ein Impuls, vorzugsweise ein sog. DS-Impuls, erzeugt wird,
der anschließend über eine Antenne (4) abgestrahlt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass im Bereich der Antenne (4) eine flächige Anordnung (6, 15), welche eine Vielzahl von flächig verteilten Leiterbauelementen (5) umfasst, dem elektromagnetischen Feld des vom Impulsgenerator (2) erzeugten Impulses ausgesetzt wird,
wobei aufgrund der Einwirkung des Impulses auf die Anordnung (6) der Leiterbauelemente (5) seinerseits in diesen ein resultierender Impuls erzeugt wird, der über die Antenne (4) abgestrahlt wird.Method for generating high-energy microwave pulses, in particular those based on HPEM technology, wherein a pulse, preferably a so-called DS pulse, is generated by means of a pulse generator (2) fed by an energy source (1),
which is subsequently emitted via an antenna (4),
characterized,
that in the region of the antenna (4) a planar array (6, 15) comprising a plurality of flat elements distributed conductor (5), the electromagnetic field of the pulse generator (2) is subjected to pulse produced,
wherein due to the action of the pulse on the arrangement (6) of the conductor components (5) in turn a resultant pulse is generated in these, which is emitted via the antenna (4). Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass sich aufgrund der Einwirkung des Impulses auf die Anordnung (6, 15) der Leiterbauelemente (5) eine im Vergleich zum eingehenden Impuls erhöhte Flankensteilheit des resultierenden Impulses einstellt.Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that due to the action of the pulse on the arrangement (6, 15) of the conductor components (5) an increased edge steepness of the resulting pulse is established in comparison to the incoming pulse. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Leiterbauelemente (5) in einer Kaskade angeordnet sind.Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
in that the conductor components (5) are arranged in a cascade. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Anspruch 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Anordnung (6, 15) der Leiterbauelemente (5) insgesamt einen nichtlinearen Leiter bildet und/oder es sich bei den Leiterbauelementen (5) um einzelne nichtlineare Bauelemente handelt.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the arrangement (6, 15) of the semiconductor components (5) Whole forms a non-linear conductors and / or it is at the conductor elements (5) for individual non-linear components. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass es sich bei den Leiterbauelementen (5) um aktive, ansteuerbare Leiterbauelemente handelt, wobei durch entsprechende Ansteuerung die Form des ausgehenden Impulses aktiv beeinflusst wird.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
in that the conductor components (5) are active, controllable conductor components, the shape of the outgoing pulse being actively influenced by appropriate activation. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass zur Ansteuerung die elektrische Vorspannung der aktiven, ansteuerbaren Leiterbauelemente verändert wird.Method according to claim 5,
characterized,
that for controlling the electrical bias of the active, controllable conductor components is changed. Anordnung zur Erzeugung von Mikrowellen-Impulsen hoher Energie, insbesondere solcher auf Basis der HPEM-Technologie, wobei die Anordnung insbesondere zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 eingerichtet ist und folgendes umfasst: eine Energiequelle (1), einen von der Energiequelle (1) gespeisten Impulsgenerator (2) zur Erzeugung eines Impulses, vorzugsweise eines sog. DS-Impulses, sowie eine Antenne (4), die dazu vorgesehen ist, den Impuls abzustrahlen, gekennzeichnet durch eine großflächige Anordnung (6, 15) einer Vielzahl von Leiterbauelementen (5), insbesondere Halbleiterbauelementen, die im Bereich der Antenne (4) angeordnet sind. Arrangement for generating high-energy microwave pulses, in particular those based on HPEM technology, the arrangement being set up in particular for carrying out the method according to at least one of Claims 1 to 6 and comprising: an energy source (1), a pulse generator (2) powered by the power source (1) for generating a pulse, preferably a so-called DS pulse, as well an antenna (4) designed to emit the pulse, marked by a large-area arrangement (6, 15) of a multiplicity of conductor components (5), in particular semiconductor components which are arranged in the region of the antenna (4). Anordnung nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als Antenne (4) ein Reflektorantenne (IRA Antenne) vorgesehen ist und sich die Anordnung (6) der Leiterbauelemente (5) auf dem Reflektor (14) befindet.Arrangement according to claim 7,
characterized,
in that a reflector antenna (IRA antenna) is provided as the antenna (4) and the arrangement (6) of the conductor components (5) is located on the reflector (14). Anordnung nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass als Antenne eine Hornantenne vorgesehen ist und sich die Anordnung (15) der Leiterbauelemente (5) auf einer vom Impuls durchstrahlten, senkrecht zur Längsachse des Horns verlaufenden Wand (13) befindet.Arrangement according to claim 7,
characterized,
that a horn antenna is provided as antenna and the arrangement (15) of the semiconductor components (5) irradiated on a pulse from, located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the horn wall (13). Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Leiterbauelemente (5) insgesamt eine nichtlineare Kennlinie begründen.Arrangement according to one of claims 7 to 9,
characterized,
that the conductor components (5) as a whole establish a non-linear characteristic. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass es sich bei den Leiterbauelementen (5) um nichtlineare Leiterbauelementen handelt.Arrangement according to one of claims 7 to 10,
characterized,
in that the conductor components (5) are non-linear conductor components. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass es sich bei den Leiterbauelementen (5) um aktive Leiterbauelemente handelt.Arrangement according to one of claims 7 to 11,
characterized,
in that the conductor components (5) are active conductor components. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die großflächige Anordnung (6, 15) der Vielzahl von Leiterbauelementen (5) aktive sowie passive Leiterbauelemente umfasst.Arrangement according to one of claims 7 to 12,
characterized,
in that the large-area arrangement (6, 15) of the multiplicity of conductor components (5) comprises active and passive conductor components. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass es sich bei den Leiterbauelementen (5) um Dioden (7) oder Induktivitäten (8) handelt.Arrangement according to one of claims 10 to 13,
characterized,
in that the conductor components (5) are diodes (7) or inductors (8). Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 14,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Reflektor (14) in einzelne Patchfelder (9) aufgeteilt ist,
die einzelnen Patchfelder (9) gegenseitig isoliert oder voneinander elektrisch entkoppelt sein sind, und
die Leiterbauelemente (5) die einzelnen Patchfelder (9) überbrücken.Arrangement according to one of claims 8 to 14,
characterized,
that the reflector (14) is divided into individual patch fields (9),
the individual patch panels (9) are mutually insulated or electrically decoupled from each other, and
the conductor components (5) bridge the individual patch fields (9).
EP11004608.3A 2010-06-17 2011-06-07 Method and assembly for the generation of high energy microwave impulses Active EP2397809B1 (en)

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EP2397809B1 (en) 2016-01-06
US20110309870A1 (en) 2011-12-22

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