Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
  • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
  • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
  • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
  • H10F77/45—Wavelength conversion means, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
  • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
  • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
  • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
  • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
  • H10F77/488—Reflecting light-concentrating means, e.g. parabolic mirrors or concentrators using total internal reflection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
  • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
  • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
  • H10F77/496—Luminescent members, e.g. fluorescent sheets
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

• the invention relates to a three - dimensional photovoltaic generator (3D), in particular for producing a photovoltaic tower with high photovoltaic efficiency.
• 3D three - dimensional photovoltaic generator
• US Pat. No. 3,912,931 describes a radiant energy amplifier device.
• This patent describes an incident solar energy transfer by wavelength shift towards the range of greater sensitivity of the photocell by optically active dopant (Optically Active Molecules) constituting a stack of doped specialized layers, the emission of one corresponding to the absorption of the other.
• optically active dopant Optically Active Molecules
• US Pat. No. 4,088,508 describes an improvement in which the energy transfer is performed by a doped homogeneous matrix allowing a better electromagnetic conversion efficiency.
• the French patent FR78 08150 describes a homogeneous mixing matrix consisting of COA (Optically Active Crystals) of the "rare earth” type and forming a light cascade emitting in the IR, close to the greater sensitivity of a silicon photocell.
• COA Optically Active Crystals
• US Pat. No. 4,324,946 describes various architectures of planar and / or cylindro-parabolic collectors capable of trapping photons in a light cascading plate and bringing them by waveguide to the photocells arranged on the edge of the luminous cascades. An N-factor electric gain with an equal silicon area is thus obtained.
• the matrix doped luminous cascades is transparent in the visible it can be constituting a window.
• Patent FR9212713 in the name of the Applicant describes a frequency change electromagnetic energy concentrator constituting inter alia an electromagnetic diode particularly applicable to photovoltaic devices of the type "flat collectors" single or multiple optical concentration effect.
• the notion of luminous cascades associated with dichroism is here described for the first time in the literature.
• US Pat. No. 6,570,083 B2 discloses light-cascading and electromagnetic flux variation photovoltaic generators which specifically describe active-encapsulation 2 and 3D generators by collection and frequency shift of incident photons by simple and inverse light cascades (STOKES and anti-STOKES). ).
• the photovoltaic generator according to the invention makes it possible to improve the efficiency of such photovoltaic generators, especially when the sunlight conditions are not optimal. Summary of the invention
• the invention relates to a photovoltaic generator comprising at least one rectangular parallelepiped block, or module, having transparent walls and at least one reflecting wall, as well as photovoltaic cells, characterized in that the walls opposite to the reflecting wall are transparent and comprise optically active dopants transforming the incident solar radiation into a radiation whose spectrum is shifted towards the higher sensitivity range of the photovoltaic cells, and in that at least one wall is coated with a dichroic filter.
• the photovoltaic generator comprises a juxtaposition of blocks, the photovoltaic cells of each block being arranged in parallel planes.
• said parallel planes comprising the photovoltaic cells are oriented with respect to the transparent faces so as to maximize the surface oriented towards sunlight in the middle of the day at the location of the generator.
• the planes of the photovoltaic cells form an angle of between 30 ° and 60 ° with respect to the illumination axis.
• the generator further comprises an aerogenerator disposed at the top of a juxtaposition of blocks.
• the invention relates to a photovoltaic farm comprising a plurality of photovoltaic generators according to the invention, distributed to minimize solar masking.
• FIG. 1 a 3D view of an example of a photovoltaic generator according to the invention
• FIG. 2 a 3D view of another example of a photovoltaic generator according to the invention
• Figure 3 a diagram illustrating the principle of light cascades
• FIGS. 4A to 4B are views of an example of a generator according to the invention, integrating an aerogenerator
• FIG. 5 a diagram of an example of a generator according to the invention, integrated in a natural environment.
• FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a photovoltaic generator 1 with a block 10, or module.
• the module has a reflecting wall 11 and photovoltaic cells 12.
• the block is formed of a rectangular parallelepiped, the photovoltaic cells (of known type) being arranged in a plane parallel to the reflecting wall 11.
• the other walls of the module, perpendicular to the plane of the photovoltaic cells or facing it, are transparent in the visible and coated in this example with a luminous cascade material, for transforming the incident solar radiation into a radiation whose spectrum is shifted towards the range greater cell sensitivity photovoltaic, and a low-pass dichroic coating.
• the principle of the light cascades is explained in FIG. 3.
• the curve 31 represents the energy curve of the black body at 6000 K
• the curve 32 illustrates the solar radiation outside the atmosphere (AMO)
• the curve 33 illustrates the solar radiation at the level of From the sea (AMl)
• the curve 34 illustrates the solar radiation at sea level taking into account the absorption due to water vapor as well as the presence of certain gases (AMl, 5)
• curve 35 illustrates the spectral response of a silicon photovoltaic cell
• the curves 37 to 39 illustrate the absorption and emission curves of three photoluminescent charges of absorption peaks respectively ⁇ a l, ⁇ a 2, ⁇ a 3 and emission peaks respectively ⁇ e l, ⁇ e 2 , ⁇ e 3, where the emission of the first corresponding to the absorption of the second, and the emission of the second corresponding to the absorption of the third, hence the term light cascade, making it possible to mobilize in the wavelength range of greater sensitivity of silicon solar cells for example, the maximum electromagnetic energy by frequency shift of the incident solar spectrum.
• the maximum energy emission peaks of the sun at AM1 or AMO are at 365 and 450 nm, in the UV and the blue, whereas the peak of maximum sensitivity of the Si (N + P) solar cells for example, is located around 900 nm.
• solar cells have a conversion power of only 25 and 50% of their maximum potential. The photons incident in these solar bands of higher energy are thus transformed for a large part of them, in heat, thus heating up the batteries and by decreasing proportionally the yield. So we see everything the interest that can be drawn, initially, the transfer of photons of higher frequency (wavelength ⁇ i between 365 and 440nm) in low frequency (wavelength ⁇ e between 800 and 900nm).
• a PMMA-polymethyl methacrylate-type matrix is then produced which is then doped with optically active dopants, optically active molecules, for example of aromatic cyclic type, the number of nuclei of which determines the absorption wavelengths. and emission.
• the light cascades as implemented in the generator according to the invention absorb light in the range 300 to 700 nanometers, and reemit at a wavelength of about 950 nanometers.
• the modules of the type described in Figure 1 are juxtaposed, as shown in Figure 2 for example, to form large structures, such as photovoltaic conversion towers.
• the generator 1 of FIG. 2 comprises a juxtaposition of two modules 20 and 21.
• the photovoltaic cells of each block are arranged in parallel planes, respectively denoted 23, 24.
• walls for receiving sunlight are transparent, coated with a luminous cascade material and a dichroic coating passes low, to cut the radiation for example above 950 nm.
• the parallel planes comprising the photovoltaic cells can be oriented with respect to the transparent faces so as to maximize the surface oriented towards sunlight in the middle of the day at the location of the installation. generator.
• FIGs 4 and 5 illustrate two examples of photovoltaic generators or towers formed by juxtaposition of modules as described for example with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
• the generator 40 of FIG. 4A comprises a juxtaposition of modules 41 to 46, for example of the type described in FIG. 1, arranged on a base 46, and forming a pylon structure.
• the generator 40 also comprises a ventilation system 47 for forming an aerogenerator.
• the lower part of the pylon is for example of prismatic or square section (see the FF section of a module shown in FIG. 4B), and the upper part is advantageously of circular section (FIG. 4C) for aerodynamic reasons (to avoid turbulent regimes near the wind turbine).
• the section FF (FIG. 4B) shows the structure elements 48 of the pylon and the photovoltaic cells 49.
• the invention thus makes it possible to produce photovoltaic towers, an example of which is shown in FIG. 5.
• the tower 50 of FIG. 5 comprises a juxtaposition of modules 51a to 51f, for example of the type of FIG. 1.
• the towers are distributed in the field so as to minimize the effects of light masking.
• Free spaces between towers facilitate maintenance and accessibility of equipment, and can also be used for other purposes.
• An advantage of a photovoltaic tower according to the invention is in particular to obtain a COS (occupancy factor of the ground) greater than 2, the surface of the photovoltaic cells being at least twice as large as that of the bulk of the tower on the ground. Moreover, thanks to the surface of the walls coated with luminous cascade material and dichroic coating, perpendicular to the surface of the photovoltaic cells, it is possible to increase the collection area of photons with respect to the surface of the photovoltaic cells, thus making it possible to reduce the expansion coefficient of the cells, that is to increase the amount of photoelectric energy produced with equal silicon area.
• the double-glazed bay according to the invention comprises various variants, modifications and improvements which will be obvious to those skilled in the art, it being understood that these different variants, modifications and improvements are within the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

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• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

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Citations (3)

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• 2009
  • 2009-02-12 FR FR0900635A patent/FR2942075B1/fr active Active
• 2010
  • 2010-02-12 US US13/201,159 patent/US20120090662A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-02-12 EP EP10707850A patent/EP2396830A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2010-02-12 WO PCT/EP2010/051807 patent/WO2010092157A2/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (3)

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